# Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 203E, sec. 104: Knowledge

> Massachusetts · Statutes · In force

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/STATE_MA_PII_TII_C203E_S104

## Section

- **Citation:** Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 203E, sec. 104
- **Heading:** Knowledge
- **Jurisdiction:** Massachusetts
- **Kind:** Statutes
- **Status:** In force
- **Text as of:** August 14, 2026
- **Source:** Compiled text
- **Location:** MA Code / Part II / Title II / Chapter 203E / Section 104

## Text

Section 104. Knowledge (a) Subject to subsection (b), a person shall have knowledge of a fact if the person: (1) has actual knowledge of it; (2) has received a notice or notification of it; or (3) from all the facts and circumstances known to the person at the time in question, has reason to know it. (b) An organization that conducts activities through employees has notice or knowledge of a fact involving a trust only from the time the information was received by an employee having responsibility to act for the trust, or would have been brought to the employee's attention if the organization had exercised reasonable diligence. An organization exercises reasonable diligence if it maintains reasonable routines for communicating significant information to the employee having responsibility to act for the trust and there is reasonable compliance with the routines. Reasonable diligence does not require an employee of the organization to communicate information unless the communication is part of the individual's regular duties or the individual knows a matter involving the trust would be materially affected by the information.

Section 104. Knowledge

(a) Subject to subsection (b), a person shall have knowledge of a fact if the person:

(1) has actual knowledge of it;

(2) has received a notice or notification of it; or

(3) from all the facts and circumstances known to the person at the time in question, has reason to know it.

(b) An organization that conducts activities through employees has notice or knowledge of a fact involving a trust only from the time the information was received by an employee having responsibility to act for the trust, or would have been brought to the employee's attention if the organization had exercised reasonable diligence. An organization exercises reasonable diligence if it maintains reasonable routines for communicating significant information to the employee having responsibility to act for the trust and there is reasonable compliance with the routines. Reasonable diligence does not require an employee of the organization to communicate information unless the communication is part of the individual's regular duties or the individual knows a matter involving the trust would be materially affected by the information.

## Nearby sections

- [Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 203E, sec. 101 Short title](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/STATE_MA_PII_TII_C203E_S101.md)
- [Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 203E, sec. 102 Scope](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/STATE_MA_PII_TII_C203E_S102.md)
- [Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 203E, sec. 103 Definitions](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/STATE_MA_PII_TII_C203E_S103.md)
- [Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 203E, sec. 104 Knowledge](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/STATE_MA_PII_TII_C203E_S104.md)
- [Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 203E, sec. 105 Default and mandatory rules](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/STATE_MA_PII_TII_C203E_S105.md)
- [Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 203E, sec. 106 Common law of trusts; principles of equity](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/STATE_MA_PII_TII_C203E_S106.md)
- [Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 203E, sec. 108 Principal place of administration](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/STATE_MA_PII_TII_C203E_S108.md)
- [Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 203E, sec. 109 Methods and waiver of notice](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/STATE_MA_PII_TII_C203E_S109.md)
- [Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 203E, sec. 110 Others treated as qualified beneficiaries](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/STATE_MA_PII_TII_C203E_S110.md)
- [Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 203E, sec. 111 Non-judicial settlement agreements](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/STATE_MA_PII_TII_C203E_S111.md)
- [Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 203E, sec. 112 Rules of construction](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/STATE_MA_PII_TII_C203E_S112.md)
- [Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 203E, sec. 113 Qualification of foreign trustee](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/STATE_MA_PII_TII_C203E_S113.md)
- [Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 203E, sec. 201 Role of court in administration of trust](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/STATE_MA_PII_TII_C203E_S201.md)
- [Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 203E, sec. 202 Jurisdiction over trustee and beneficiary](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/STATE_MA_PII_TII_C203E_S202.md)

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/STATE_MA_PII_TII_C203E_S104. Check the current official text before relying on it. Not legal advice.