# MPEP § 901.03: Pending Applications > Federal · Agency guidance · In force URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/MPEP_S901.03 ## Section - **Citation:** MPEP § 901.03 - **Heading:** Pending Applications - **Jurisdiction:** Federal - **Kind:** Agency guidance - **Status:** In force - **Text as of:** August 14, 2026 - **Source:** Compiled text - **Location:** USPTO MPEP / Chapter 0900 - Prior Art, Search, Classification, and Routing / MPEP § 901.03 ## Text Except as provided in 37 CFR 1.11(b) , 37 CFR 1.14(a)(1)(v) and 37 CFR 1.14(a)(1)(vi) , pending U.S. applications which have not been published are generally preserved in confidence ( 37 CFR 1.14(a) ) and are not available as references. However, claims in one nonprovisional application may be rejected on the claimed subject matter of a copending nonprovisional application of the same inventive entity. See MPEP § 804 . For applications having a common assignee or applicant and different inventive entities claiming a single inventive concept, see MPEP § 804.03 . See also MPEP § 2127 , subsection IV. The American Inventors Protection Act of 1999 (AIPA) was enacted into law on November 29, 1999. The AIPA amended 35 U.S.C. 122 to provide that, with certain exceptions, applications for patent filed on or after November 29, 2000 shall be published promptly after the expiration of a period of eighteen (18) months from the earliest filing date for which a benefit is sought under title 35, United States Code, and that an application may be published earlier at the request of the applicant. See 35 U.S.C. 122(b) and 37 CFR 1.215 and 1.219 . In addition, applications filed prior to November 29, 2000, but pending on November 29, 2000, may be published if a request for voluntary publication is filed. See 37 CFR 1.221 . Patent applications filed on or after November 29, 2000, and those including a request for voluntary publication shall be published except for the following enumerated exceptions. First, an application shall not be published if it is: (A) no longer pending; (B) subject to a secrecy order under 35 U.S.C. 181 , that is, publication or disclosure of the application would be detrimental to national security; (C) a provisional application filed under 35 U.S.C. 111(b) ; (D) an application for a design patent filed under 35 U.S.C. 171 ; (E) an application for an International design application filed under 35 U.S.C. 382 ; or (F) a reissue application filed under 35 U.S.C. 251 recy order under 35 U.S.C. 181 , that is, publication or disclosure of the application would be detrimental to national security; (C) a provisional application filed under 35 U.S.C. 111(b) ; (D) an application for a design patent filed under 35 U.S.C. 171 ; (E) an application for an International design application filed under 35 U.S.C. 382 ; or (F) a reissue application filed under 35 U.S.C. 251 . Second, an application shall not be published if an applicant submits at the time of filing of the application a request for nonpublication. See MPEP § 1122 . U.S. patent application publications are prior art under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a) and 102(b) and 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as of the publication date. Under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)(1) and 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) , a U.S. patent application publication under 35 U.S.C. 122(b) is considered to be prior art as of the earliest effective U.S. filing date of the published application. Additionally, a U.S. patent application publication of a National Stage application and a WIPO publication of an international application under PCT Article 21(2) are considered to be prior art under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) as of the international filing date, or an earlier effective U.S. filing date, only if the international application was filed on or after November 29, 2000, designated the United States, and was published under PCT Article 21(2) in English. Similarly, a U.S. patent application publication of a National Stage application and a WIPO publication of an international application under PCT Article 21(2) are considered to be prior art under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) as of the international filing date, or an earlier effective U.S. filing date. ## Nearby sections - [MPEP § 901 Prior Art](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/MPEP_S901.md) - [MPEP § 901.01 Canceled Matter in U.S. Patent Files](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/MPEP_S901.01.md) - [MPEP § 901.01(a) Ordering of Patented and Abandoned Provisional and Nonprovisional Application Files](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/MPEP_S901.01(a).md) - [MPEP § 901.02 Abandoned Applications](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/MPEP_S901.02.md) - [MPEP § 901.03 Pending Applications](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/MPEP_S901.03.md) - [MPEP § 901.04 U.S. Patents](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/MPEP_S901.04.md) - [MPEP § 901.04(a) Kind Codes](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/MPEP_S901.04(a).md) - [MPEP § 901.05 Foreign Patent Documents](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/MPEP_S901.05.md) - [MPEP § 901.05(a) Citation Data](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/MPEP_S901.05(a).md) - [MPEP § 901.05(b) Other Significant Data](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/MPEP_S901.05(b).md) - [MPEP § 901.05(c) Obtaining Copies](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/MPEP_S901.05(c).md) - [MPEP § 901.05(d) Translation](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/MPEP_S901.05(d).md) - [MPEP § 901.06 Nonpatent Publications](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/MPEP_S901.06.md) - [MPEP § 901.06(a) Scientific and Technical Information Center (STIC)](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/MPEP_S901.06(a).md) --- Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/MPEP_S901.03. 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