# U.S. Copyright Office, Circular 38B: Copyright Restoration under the URAA

> Federal · Agency guidance · In force

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/GUID_COPYRIGHT_CIRC_38B

## Section

- **Citation:** U.S. Copyright Office, Circular 38B
- **Heading:** Copyright Restoration under the URAA
- **Jurisdiction:** Federal
- **Kind:** Agency guidance
- **Status:** In force
- **Text as of:** August 14, 2026
- **Source:** Compiled text
- **Location:** U.S. Copyright Office Circulars / U.S. Copyright Office, Circular 38B

## Text

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Circular 38b
2  38b.0113
Copyright Restoration
Under the URAA
Congress passed the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (URAA) in 1994 to
implement U.S. obligations under the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of
Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) of the World Trade Organization (WTO).
TRIPS incorporates by reference many obligations under the Berne Convention
for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works.
The United States signed the Berne Convention in 1989, committing itself to
grant the same level of copyright protection to works from other Berne countries
that it provides to works of U.S. nationals.
The United States acceded to TRIPS in 1995 when it joined the WTO. TRIPS
independently mandates compliance with most Berne provisions and provides
additional obligations regarding enforcement that are subject to dispute resolu-
tion at the WTO.
Several provisions of the URAA amend U.S. copyright law.¹ This circular
focuses on amendments to section 104a.
The URAA amended section 104a of the copyright law to restore U.S. copy-
right to certain foreign works that were in the public domain in the United
States but protected by copyright in their countries of origin.
Restoration of Copyrights
Ownership of a restored copyright vests initially in the author or initial right-
holder, as determined by the law of the restored work’s source country or by the
owner of an exclusive right in the United States.
Eligibility Requirements
To be eligible, a work must meet all of the following requirements:
1 At the time the work was created, at least one author (or rightholder in the
case of a sound recording) must have been a national or domiciliary of an
eligible source country. An eligible source country is a country, other than
the United States, that is a member of the WTO, a member of the Berne
Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, or subject to
a presidential proclamation restoring U.S
was created, at least one author (or rightholder in the
case of a sound recording) must have been a national or domiciliary of an
eligible source country. An eligible source country is a country, other than
the United States, that is a member of the WTO, a member of the Berne
Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, or subject to
a presidential proclamation restoring U.S. copyright protection to works of
that country on the basis of reciprocal treatment of the works of U.S. nation-
als or domiciliaries.²
2 The work is not in the public domain in the eligible source country through
expiration of the term of protection.
3 The work is in the public domain in the United States because it did not
comply with formalities imposed at any time by U. S. law, lacked subject
matter protection in the United States in the case of sound recordings fixed
before February 15, 1972, or lacked national eligibility in the United States.³

Copyright Restoration Under the URAA  ·  2
4 If published, the work must have been first published in
an eligible country and not published in the United States
during the 30-day period following its first publication in
the eligible country.
Effective Date of Restoration
January 1, 1996, was the effective date of restoration of copy-
right for works from countries that were members of the
WTO or the Berne Convention on that date. Subsequently,
the effective date of restoration is the date a newly eligible
country accedes to the WTO or the Berne Convention or the
date of a presidential proclamation restoring U.S. copyright
protection to works of that country.
Term of Copyright
The copyright in any work in which copyright is restored will
last for the remainder of the term of copyright that the work
would have enjoyed if the work had never entered the public
domain in the United States.
Generally, the U. S. copyright term for works published
before January 1, 1978, lasts for 95 years from the year of first
publication
tion to works of that country.
Term of Copyright
The copyright in any work in which copyright is restored will
last for the remainder of the term of copyright that the work
would have enjoyed if the work had never entered the public
domain in the United States.
Generally, the U. S. copyright term for works published
before January 1, 1978, lasts for 95 years from the year of first
publication. Although sound recordings fixed before 1972
were not then protected by federal copyright, those sound
recordings will receive the remainder of the term they would
have received had they been protected by such copyright
when published. For example, a sound recording published
in 1925 will be protected until 2020. For works published on
or after January 1, 1978, the term of copyright is the life of
the author plus 70 years. For example:
• A French short story that was first published with-
out copyright notice in 1935 will be treated as if it had
both been published with a proper notice and properly
renewed, meaning that its restored copyright will expire
on December 31, 2030 (95 years after the U. S. copyright
would have come into existence).
• A Chinese play from 1983 will be protected until Decem-
ber 31 of the 70th year after the year in which its author
dies.
• A Mexican sound recording first published in Mexico in
1965 will be protected until December 21, 2060.
For details about the duration of copyright protection in
the United States, see Circular 15a, Duration of Copyright.
Automatic Restoration
Eligible copyrights are restored automatically and no further
steps need to be taken to make a restored copyright fully
enforceable against any party other than a reliance party.
Notice of Intent to Enforce
Although copyright is restored automatically in eligible
works, the URAA directs the owner of a restored work to
notify reliance parties if the owner of the rights in a restored
work plans to enforce those rights
restored automatically and no further
steps need to be taken to make a restored copyright fully
enforceable against any party other than a reliance party.
Notice of Intent to Enforce
Although copyright is restored automatically in eligible
works, the URAA directs the owner of a restored work to
notify reliance parties if the owner of the rights in a restored
work plans to enforce those rights.
A reliance party is typically a business or individual
who, relying on the public domain status of a work, was
using it before the enactment of the URAA on December
8, 1994. For works from any country that was not eligible
under the URAA as of December 8, 1994, reliance parties are
those using the work before the date on which the country
becomes eligible by joining the WTO or the Berne Conven-
tion or as a result of a presidential proclamation.
The URAA authorizes the owner of a right in a restored
work to either
• provide actual Notice of Intent to Enforce (NIE) a
Restored Copyright by contacting a reliance party directly,
or
• provide constructive notice by filing an NIE with the
Copyright Office.
The URAA further directs the Copyright Office to publish
in the Federal Register, the U. S. government’s publication for
official agency notices, a list identifying restored works and
their ownership when NIEs are recorded with the Office. For
inspection and copying by the public, the Office maintains a
list identifying all NIEs. See “Public Record” below for details
about searching NIEs.
Dates for Filing Notices
Owners of restored works can file NIEs directly with reliance
parties at any time after the date of restoration. Owners of
restored works from countries that become eligible source
countries after January 1, 1996, and who want to file NIEs
with the Copyright Office have two years from the date of
eligibility to do so
ic Record” below for details
about searching NIEs.
Dates for Filing Notices
Owners of restored works can file NIEs directly with reliance
parties at any time after the date of restoration. Owners of
restored works from countries that become eligible source
countries after January 1, 1996, and who want to file NIEs
with the Copyright Office have two years from the date of
eligibility to do so. Owners of works whose source coun-
tries were members of the Berne Convention or the WTO
as of January 1, 1996, and who wanted to file NIEs with the
Copyight Office had to do so between January 1, 1996, and
December 31, 1997.⁴ The Office published the first listing of
NIEs on May 1, 1996 (61 Fed. Reg. 19371), and published lists
at four-month intervals over the following two years. All of
the notices are available on the Copyright Office website at
www.copyright.gov/gatt.html.

Copyright Restoration Under the URAA  ·  3
Grace Period for Use of Restored Works
A reliance party has a 12-month grace period to sell off previ-
ously manufactured stock, perform or display the relevant
work publicly, or authorize others to conduct these activities.
The grace period begins when the reliance party receives
notice that the owner is enforcing the copyright in the
restored work. The date runs from either the date of receipt
of the actual notice or the date of publication of the Federal
Register issue identifying the work. If notice is provided both
by Federal Register publication and service on the reliance
party, the period runs from whichever date is earlier. Except
for certain reliance parties who created derivative works, a
reliance party must cease using the restored work when
the 12-month grace period expires unless the reliance party
reaches a licensing agreement with the copyright owner for
continued use of the restored work
h
by Federal Register publication and service on the reliance
party, the period runs from whichever date is earlier. Except
for certain reliance parties who created derivative works, a
reliance party must cease using the restored work when
the 12-month grace period expires unless the reliance party
reaches a licensing agreement with the copyright owner for
continued use of the restored work.
Subsection (d)(3) of the amended section 104a of the
Copyright Act contains special rules for certain derivative
works created before December 8, 1994, based on underlying
restored works. Examples include the translation of a restored
work or a motion picture based on a restored book or a play.
A reliance party can continue to exploit such derivative works
if the reliance party pays the owner of the restored copyright
reasonable compensation.
Notices Filed in Copyright Office
The following information describes how to file an NIE with
the Copyright Office. Filing actual notice on a reliance party
is described later in this circular.
Format
The Copyright Office does not provide a form for filing an
NIE. However, the final page of this circular and the regula-
tions published in the Federal Register and the Code of Fed-
eral Regulations contain a sample format that can be used to
file notices. This format is also available on the Copyright
Office’s website at www.copyright.gov/forms/formnie.txt.
The format includes both required and optional infor-
mation. The Copyright Office strongly recommends use of
this format. An NIE filed with the Copyright Office should
be typed or printed legibly by hand on 8 ½" × 11" (or a4, i.e.,
210 × 297 mm) white paper with a 1" (or 3 cm) margin.
Content
The URAA specifies the minimum content of an NIE
ice’s website at www.copyright.gov/forms/formnie.txt.
The format includes both required and optional infor-
mation. The Copyright Office strongly recommends use of
this format. An NIE filed with the Copyright Office should
be typed or printed legibly by hand on 8 ½" × 11" (or a4, i.e.,
210 × 297 mm) white paper with a 1" (or 3 cm) margin.
Content
The URAA specifies the minimum content of an NIE. The
notice must be signed by the copyright owner or the owner’s
agent and must contain the title of the work or a brief
description of the work if it is untitled; an English-language
translation of the title if the title is in a foreign language;
any other alternative titles known to the owner by which the
restored work can be identified; the name of the copyright
owner of the restored work or owner of an exclusive right
therein; and the address and telephone number at which the
owner can be contacted. Although the Copyright Office can
ask for additional information, failure to provide it will not
invalidate the NIE.
The Copyright Office has identified certain information
that is not required by the URAA but is important for proper
identification of a restored work. It includes:
1 type of work (for example, painting, sculpture, music,
motion picture, sound recording, or book)
2 name of author(s)
3 source country
4 approximate year of first publication
5 additional identifying information (for example, for
movies: director, leading actors, screenwriter, animator; for
photographs: subject matter; for books: editor, publisher,
contributors)
6 rights owned by the party on whose behalf the NIE is filed
(for example, the right to reproduce, distribute, publicly
display, or publicly perform the work or to prepare a
derivative work based on the work)
7 email address and fax number at which the owner, exclu-
sive rights holder, or agent can be reached
Multiple Works
Multiple works can be included on a single NIE provided
that (a) each work is identified by title or a brief description
if untitled; (
example, the right to reproduce, distribute, publicly
display, or publicly perform the work or to prepare a
derivative work based on the work)
7 email address and fax number at which the owner, exclu-
sive rights holder, or agent can be reached
Multiple Works
Multiple works can be included on a single NIE provided
that (a) each work is identified by title or a brief description
if untitled; (b) all the works have the same author; (c) all the
works are owned by the same copyright owner or the owner
of the exclusive rights therein; and (d) the rights owned by
the party on whose behalf the notice is being filed are the
same.
Signature and Certification
The NIE must be signed by the owner of the restored copy-
right, the owner of an exclusive right therein, or an agent of
the owner. The agency relationship must be established in
writing and signed by the owner before the NIE is filed.
The NIE must include a certification statement indicating
that the information given is correct to the best of the filer’s
knowledge. Any material false statement knowingly made
with respect to any restored copyright identified in an NIE
shall void all claims and assertions against reliance parties

Copyright Restoration Under the URAA  ·  4
made about such restored copyright. The sample format on
the final page of this circular includes a certification
statement.
Fee
The nonrefundable fee for filing an NIE covers a notice in­clu­
ding one work. For a notice covering multiple works, there is
an additional fee for each group of 10 titles. The fee includes
the cost of acknowledging a recordation by mail after the
Copyright Office records the NIE.
See Circular 4, Copyright Office Fees, for details about
current fees and acceptable payment methods. The fee appli-
cable to NIEs is listed under the subheading Recordation of
Documents. Note that credit cards are accepted for filings
under the URAA, even though the Copyright Office does not
accept credit cards for other filings on paper forms
ail after the
Copyright Office records the NIE.
See Circular 4, Copyright Office Fees, for details about
current fees and acceptable payment methods. The fee appli-
cable to NIEs is listed under the subheading Recordation of
Documents. Note that credit cards are accepted for filings
under the URAA, even though the Copyright Office does not
accept credit cards for other filings on paper forms. To pay
by credit card, a filer must provide in a separate letter the
name on the credit card being used, the credit card number,
the expiration date of the credit card, the total amount
authorized to be charged, and a signature authorizing the
Copyright Office to charge the fees to that account. To protect
the security of the credit card number, the credit card number
must not appear on the NIE, since the notice becomes part of
the public record.
Filers should ensure that sufficient fees accompany an
NIE. Filing with insufficient fees can delay the effective date
of notice.
note: Copyright Office fees are subject to change.
For current fees, please check the Copyright Office website
at www.copyright.gov, write the Copyright Office, or call
(202) 707-3000.
Address
Send NIEs to the following address:
GC / I&R
P .O. Box 70400, Southwest Station
Washington, DC 20024 USA
Do not mail them to the Copyright Office.
Notice Filed Directly on Reliance Party
The Copyright Office does not provide a form for serving
an NIE directly on a reliance party. Filers who wish to do
so should note that the URAA requires additional informa-
tion for notices served directly on reliance parties compared
with notices filed with the Copyright Office. Therefore, if a
filer uses the Copyright Office’s NIE format as a guide for
serving notice directly on a reliance party, the notice will be
incomplete unless additional details are supplied
a reliance party. Filers who wish to do
so should note that the URAA requires additional informa-
tion for notices served directly on reliance parties compared
with notices filed with the Copyright Office. Therefore, if a
filer uses the Copyright Office’s NIE format as a guide for
serving notice directly on a reliance party, the notice will be
incomplete unless additional details are supplied. The URAA
specifications follow, with italic type inserted to show the
additional requirements for serving notice directly:
Notices of Intent to Enforce a Restored Copy-
right served on a reliance party shall be signed by
the owner or the owner’s agent, shall identify the
restored work and the work in which the restored
work is used, if any, in detail sufficient to identify
them, and shall include an English translation
of the title, any other alternative titles known to
the owner by which the work may be identified,
the use or uses to which the owner objects, and an
address and telephone number at which the reli-
ance party may contact the owner. If the notice is
signed by an agent, the agency relationship must
have been constituted in writing and signed by
the owner before service of the notice. [Section
514 of the URAA as found in 17 U.S.C. section
104a(e)(2)(B) of the URAA]
Direct notice can be served on a reliance party at any time
after copyright in the work is restored.
Restoration of Copyright Claims
The URAA directs the Copyright Office to provide proce-
dures for registering copyright claims; however, copyright
owners of restored works need not register their works.
Copyright law provides that the author or copyright owner
of a work that is not considered a Berne Convention work
must register the work or seek registration before he or she
can bring a copyright infringement action in federal court.⁵
The owner of rights in a Berne Convention work, how-
ever, does not have to register before initiating a copyright
infringement suit
ot register their works.
Copyright law provides that the author or copyright owner
of a work that is not considered a Berne Convention work
must register the work or seek registration before he or she
can bring a copyright infringement action in federal court.⁵
The owner of rights in a Berne Convention work, how-
ever, does not have to register before initiating a copyright
infringement suit.
Registration of Claim in Berne Convention Work
A claim in a restored work can be registered only in the name
of the owner(s) of the U. S. copyright on the date that the
application is submitted, that is, in the name of the owner(s)
of all U. S. rights in that work. A licensee or party whose own-
ership extends only to certain exclusive rights in a work is
not permitted to register a claim in a restored work in his or
her name.

Copyright Restoration Under the URAA  ·  5
Registration Form
Form GATT must be used to register copyright claims in
works restored under the URAA. To obtain it, go to the Copy-
right Office’s website at www.copyright.gov/forms or call (202)
707-9100 and leave a recorded message. Alternatively, write to:
Library of Congress
Copyright Office—COPUBS
101 Independence Avenue SE
Washington, DC 20559
Publication
The following guidelines may help in determining required
publication information for restored works for which regis-
tration is sought.
• For works published on or after January 1, 1978: Publica-
tion is the distribution anywhere in the world of copies
or phonorecords of a work to the public by sale or other
transfer of ownership or by rental, lease, or lending. The
offering to distribute copies or phonorecords to a group
of persons for purposes of further distribution, public
performance, or public display constitutes publication. A
public performance or display of a work does not in itself
constitute publication. (17 U.S.C
rld of copies
or phonorecords of a work to the public by sale or other
transfer of ownership or by rental, lease, or lending. The
offering to distribute copies or phonorecords to a group
of persons for purposes of further distribution, public
performance, or public display constitutes publication. A
public performance or display of a work does not in itself
constitute publication. (17 U.S.C. 101)
• For works published before January 1, 1978: General pub-
lication may be defined as the act of making one or more
copies of a work available to the general public, usually
by the sale, placing on sale, or public distribution of one
or more copies or sound recordings without express or
implied restrictions as to future use. Limited publication
may be defined as the act of making a work available to a
limited audience for a limited purpose and with express
or implied restrictions as to future use. Recordings of
musical compositions were not considered copies of
recorded music before January 1, 1978. A distribution of a
recording before that date would constitute publication of
the sound recording but not the music contained on the
recording.
Registration Fee
The basic registration fee also applies to a series of works
published during a calendar year under a single title in epi-
sodes, installments, or issues. Copyright Office fees are sub-
ject to change. For current fees, check the Copyright Office
website at www.copyright.gov, write the Copyright Office, or
call (202) 707-3000.
Public Record
The information contained in NIEs filed with the Copyright
Office and in copyright registrations and related documents
catalogued since January 1, 1978, is available on the Copy-
right Office website at www.copyright.gov/gatt.html and open
to the public for searching
es, check the Copyright Office
website at www.copyright.gov, write the Copyright Office, or
call (202) 707-3000.
Public Record
The information contained in NIEs filed with the Copyright
Office and in copyright registrations and related documents
catalogued since January 1, 1978, is available on the Copy-
right Office website at www.copyright.gov/gatt.html and open
to the public for searching .
Online Searches
Information accessible on the website includes the title of
a work or a brief description of it if untitled; an English
translation of the title; the alternative titles, if any; the name
of the copyright owner or the owner of an exclusive right;
the author; the type of work, if given; the date of receipt of
the NIE in the Copyright Office; the date of publication of
NIE details in the Federal Register; the rights covered by the
notice, if given; and the address, telephone, and fax number,
if given, of the copyright owner. Online records are search-
able by the title of a work, the copyright owner or the owner
of an exclusive right, and the author.
Office Searches
The Copyright Office’s Public Records Reading Room is
located in Room lm-404 of the James Madison Memorial
Building of the Library of Congress. Public records of NIEs
can be searched Monday through Friday, 8:30 am to 5:00 pm,
eastern time, except federal holidays. Public terminals are
available.
Upon payment of a fee, the Copyright Office staff will
search the records and provide a written report
opyright Office’s Public Records Reading Room is
located in Room lm-404 of the James Madison Memorial
Building of the Library of Congress. Public records of NIEs
can be searched Monday through Friday, 8:30 am to 5:00 pm,
eastern time, except federal holidays. Public terminals are
available.
Upon payment of a fee, the Copyright Office staff will
search the records and provide a written report. For details,
see Circular 22, How to Investigate the Copyright Status of a
Work, or contact:
Library of Congress
Copyright Office—RRC
101 Independence Avenue SE
Washington, DC 20559 USA
tel: (202) 707-6850 or 1-877-476-0778 (toll free)
fax: (202) 252-3485
email: copysearch@copyright.gov
Relationship to NAFTA
Under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Implementation Act, some Mexican motion picture owners
filed timely statements of intent to restore copyright in
the United States with the Copyright Office.⁶ These works
continue to enjoy copyright protection, but the protection
is now governed by section 104a of the Copyright Act as

Copyright Restoration Under the URAA  ·  6
amended by the URAA. Copyright owners of these works
need not file an NIE under the URAA.
However, other works from NAFTA countries that are in
the public domain in the United States, including motion
pictures for which no NAFTA restoration was sought, are
subject to copyright restoration under the amended section
104a. NAFTA works that have not been registered can be
registered using the URAA registration procedures, including
GATT forms and deposit preferences.
For Further Information
By Internet
Circulars, announcements, regulations, application forms,
and other related materials are available from the Copyright
Office website at www.copyright.gov.
By Telephone
For general information about copyright, call the Copyright
Public Information Office at (202) 707-3000 or 1-877-476-
0778 (toll free). Staff members are on duty from 8:30 am to
5:00 pm, Monday through Friday, eastern time, except federal
holidays
ts, regulations, application forms,
and other related materials are available from the Copyright
Office website at www.copyright.gov.
By Telephone
For general information about copyright, call the Copyright
Public Information Office at (202) 707-3000 or 1-877-476-
0778 (toll free). Staff members are on duty from 8:30 am to
5:00 pm, Monday through Friday, eastern time, except federal
holidays. Recorded information is available 24 hours a day.
To request paper application forms or circulars, call (202)
707-9100 or 1-877-476-0778 and leave a recorded message.
By Regular Mail
Write to:
Library of Congress
Copyright Office–COPUBS
101 Independence Avenue SE
Washington, DC 20559
Notes
1. The URAA is contained in Pub. L. No. 103-465, 108 Stat. 4809. See also
House Document 103-316, 103d Congress, 2d Session, September 27,
1994, and Statement of Administrative Action Id. 656, 981. The URAA
amends U. S. copyright law at 17 U.S.C. section 104A, 109 (b). The URAA
also adds a new chapter 11 to title 17 and a new section 2319A to title 18.
2. The United States has bilateral relations with certain countries, some
of which may have extended copyright protection to some of their colo-
nies or territories. In addition, the definition of a “United States work”
has been expanded since the URAA was enacted to include countries
that are members of the Copyright Treaty of the World Intellectual
Property Organization (WIPO) and the WIPO Performances and Phono-
grams Treaty.
3. Works in the public domain because of a failure to comply with one
or more of the formalities required by U. S. copyright law include those
for which the copyright owner may, for example, have published the
work without a proper copyright notice, failed to renew the copyright,
or failed to comply with the manufacturing clause or ad interim provi-
sions of the copyright law.
4. Although a country can become a source country through a presiden-
tial proclamation, only one such proclamation has been issued to date
ht law include those
for which the copyright owner may, for example, have published the
work without a proper copyright notice, failed to renew the copyright,
or failed to comply with the manufacturing clause or ad interim provi-
sions of the copyright law.
4. Although a country can become a source country through a presiden-
tial proclamation, only one such proclamation has been issued to date.
That proclamation has to do with Viet Nam.
5. The legislation did not specifically address the question whether a
work from a country that is a member of the WTO but not Berne must
be registered. But one can assume that works that do not come under
the definition of “Berne Convention work” found in 17 U.S.C. 101 would
have to be registered before the owner could initiate a suit.
6. The NAFTA Implementation Act is contained in Pub.L. No. 103-182,
107 Stat. 2057. See 60 Fed. Reg. 8252 (February 13, 1995) for a list of the
works affected by the statements of intent to restore.

U. S. Copyright Office · Library of Congress · 101 Independence Avenue SE · Washington, DC 20559 · www.copyright.gov
circular 38b
reviewed: 01/2013
Printed on recycled paper
u. s. government printing office: 2013-xxx-xxx ⁄ xx,xxx
5
Notice of Intent to Enforce (NIE) a Copyright Restored
Under the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (URAA)

1
Title:
(If this work does not have a title, state “No title.”)
or

Brief description of work:
(for untitled works only)

2
English translation of title (if any):

3
Alternative title(s) (if any):

4
Type of work:
(e.g., painting, sculpture, music, motion picture, sound recording, book)

5
Name of author(s):

6
Source country:

7
Approximate year of publication:

8
Additional identifying information:
(e.g., for movies: director, leading actors, screenwriter, animator; for photographs: subject matter; for books: editor,
publisher, contributors, subject matter)

9
Name of copyright owner:
(Statements can be filed in the name of the owner of the restored copyright or the owner of an excl
hor(s):

6
Source country:

7
Approximate year of publication:

8
Additional identifying information:
(e.g., for movies: director, leading actors, screenwriter, animator; for photographs: subject matter; for books: editor,
publisher, contributors, subject matter)

9
Name of copyright owner:
(Statements can be filed in the name of the owner of the restored copyright or the owner of an exclusive right therein.)
10 If you are not the owner of all rights,
specify the rights you own:
(e.g., the right to reproduce/distribute/publicly display/publicly perform the work or to prepare a derivative work based
on the work)

11
Address at which copyright owner
can be contacted:
(Give the complete address, including the country, and an “attention” line, or “in care of” name, if necessary.)
12 Telephone number of owner:
13 Telefax number of owner:
14 Certification and signature:
I hereby certify that, for each of the work(s) listed above, I am the copyright owner, or the owner of an exclusive right, or the
owner’s authorized agent, the agency relationship having been constituted in a writing signed by the owner before the filing
of this notice, and that the information given herein is true and correct to the best of my knowledge.
Signature:
Name (printed or typed):
As agent for (if applicable):
Date:
note: Notices of Intent to Enforce should be in English, except for the original title, and either be typed or printed
legibly by hand in dark, preferably black, ink. They should be on 8 ½" × 11", (or a4, 210 × 297 mm) white paper of good
quality, with at least a 1" (or 3 cm) margin.

## Nearby sections

- [U.S. Copyright Office, Circular 2 Copyright Registration](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/GUID_COPYRIGHT_CIRC_2.md)
- [U.S. Copyright Office, Circular 4 Copyright Office Fees](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/GUID_COPYRIGHT_CIRC_4.md)
- [U.S. Copyright Office, Circular 6 Obtaining Access to and Copies of Copyright Records and Deposits](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/GUID_COPYRIGHT_CIRC_6.md)
- [U.S. Copyright Office, Circular 6A Renewal of Copyright](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/GUID_COPYRIGHT_CIRC_6A.md)
- [U.S. Copyright Office, Circular 7B Best Edition of Published Copyrighted Works for the Collections of the Library of Congress](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/GUID_COPYRIGHT_CIRC_7B.md)
- [U.S. Copyright Office, Circular 7C Responding to a Mandatory Deposit Notice](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/GUID_COPYRIGHT_CIRC_7C.md)
- [U.S. Copyright Office, Circular 7D Mandatory Deposit of Copies or Phonorecords](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/GUID_COPYRIGHT_CIRC_7D.md)
- [U.S. Copyright Office, Circular 8 Supplementary Registration](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/GUID_COPYRIGHT_CIRC_8.md)
- [U.S. Copyright Office, Circular 11 Using the Single Application](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/GUID_COPYRIGHT_CIRC_11.md)
- [U.S. Copyright Office, Circular 12 Recordations of Transfers and Other Documents](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/GUID_COPYRIGHT_CIRC_12.md)
- [U.S. Copyright Office, Circular 14 Copyright Registration for Derivative Works](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/GUID_COPYRIGHT_CIRC_14.md)
- [U.S. Copyright Office, Circular 15A Duration of Copyright](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/GUID_COPYRIGHT_CIRC_15A.md)
- [U.S. Copyright Office, Circular 15T Extension of Copyright Terms](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/GUID_COPYRIGHT_CIRC_15T.md)
- [U.S. Copyright Office, Circular 16A How to Obtain Permission](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/GUID_COPYRIGHT_CIRC_16A.md)

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/GUID_COPYRIGHT_CIRC_38B. Check the current official text before relying on it. Not legal advice.