# 34 C.F.R. § 98.4 (2026): Protection of students' privacy in examination, testing, or treatment

> Federal · Regulations · In force

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/CFR_T34_P98_S98_4

## Section

- **Citation:** 34 C.F.R. § 98.4 (2026)
- **Heading:** Protection of students' privacy in examination, testing, or treatment
- **Jurisdiction:** Federal
- **Kind:** Regulations
- **Status:** In force
- **Text as of:** August 14, 2026
- **Source:** Compiled text
- **Location:** Title 34 CFR: Education / Part 98: STUDENT RIGHTS IN RESEARCH, EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMS, AND TESTING / § 98.4: § 98.4   Protection of students' privacy in examination, testing, or treatment.

## Text

(a) No student shall be required, as part of any program specified in § 98.1 (a) or (b), to submit without prior consent to psychiatric examination, testing, or treatment, or psychological examination, testing, or treatment, in which the primary purpose is to reveal information concerning one or more of the following:
(1) Political affiliations;
(2) Mental and psychological problems potentially embarrassing to the student or his or her family;
(3) Sex behavior and attitudes;
(4) Illegal, anti-social, self-incriminating and demeaning behavior;
(5) Critical appraisals of other individuals with whom the student has close family relationships;
(6) Legally recognized privileged and analogous relationships, such as those of lawyers, physicians, and ministers; or
(7) Income, other than that required by law to determine eligibility for participation in a program or for receiving financial assistance under a program.
(b) As used in paragraph (a) of this section,
prior consent
means:
(1) Prior consent of the student, if the student is an adult or emancipated minor; or
(2) Prior written consent of the parent or guardian, if the student is an unemancipated minor.
(c) As used in paragraph (a) of this section:
(1)
Psychiatric or psychological examination or test
means a method of obtaining information, including a group activity, that is not directly related to academic instruction and that is designed to elicit information about attitudes, habits, traits, opinions, beliefs or feelings; and
(2)
Psychiatric or psychological treatment
means an activity involving the planned, systematic use of methods or techniques that are not directly related to academic instruction and that is designed to affect behavioral, emotional, or attitudinal characteristics of an individual or group.
(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1232h(b))

## Nearby sections

- [34 C.F.R. § 98.1 (2026) § 98.1   Applicability of part.](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/CFR_T34_P98_S98_1.md)
- [34 C.F.R. § 98.2 (2026) § 98.2   Definitions.](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/CFR_T34_P98_S98_2.md)
- [34 C.F.R. § 98.3 (2026) § 98.3   Access to instructional material used in a research or experimentation program.](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/CFR_T34_P98_S98_3.md)
- [34 C.F.R. § 98.4 (2026) § 98.4   Protection of students' privacy in examination, testing, or treatment.](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/CFR_T34_P98_S98_4.md)
- [34 C.F.R. § 98.5 (2026) § 98.5   Information and investigation office.](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/CFR_T34_P98_S98_5.md)
- [34 C.F.R. § 98.6 (2026) § 98.6   Reports.](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/CFR_T34_P98_S98_6.md)
- [34 C.F.R. § 98.7 (2026) § 98.7   Filing a complaint.](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/CFR_T34_P98_S98_7.md)
- [34 C.F.R. § 98.8 (2026) § 98.8   Notice of the complaint.](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/CFR_T34_P98_S98_8.md)
- [34 C.F.R. § 98.9 (2026) § 98.9   Investigation and findings.](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/CFR_T34_P98_S98_9.md)
- [34 C.F.R. § 98.10 (2026) § 98.10   Enforcement of the findings.](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/CFR_T34_P98_S98_10.md)

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/CFR_T34_P98_S98_4. Check the current official text before relying on it. Not legal advice.