# PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS

> Briefs, arguments, decisions, and more.

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/tribal%3Apuyallup%3A81a6b31a28519fa0

## Record

- **Collection:** Tribal code
- **Document type:** Tribal code

## Text

PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS
ALL HAZARDS
MITIGATION PLAN

2017 – 2022 EDITION

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PUYALLUP TRIBE ALL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
2017-2022 EDITION
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS PLAN PROCESS…………………………………….... SECTION 1
PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS PLAN PROFILE........................................... SECTION 2
PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS CAPABILITY IDENTIFICATION ………………… SECTION 3
PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS RISK ASSESSMENT (INTRODUCTION) ……… SECTION 4
PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS RISK ASSESSMENT – GEOLOGICAL
SECTION 4.G
AVALANCHE HAZARD …………………………………………………………………………… SUB-SECTION 4.G1
EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ………………………………………………………………………… SUB-SECTION 4.G2
LANDSLIDE HAZARD ……………………………………………………………………………. SUB-SECTION 4.G3
TSUNAMI HAZARD ………………………………………………………………………………. SUB-SECTION 4.G4
VOLCANO HAZARD ……………………………………………………………………………… SUB-SECTION 4.G5

PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS RISK ASSESSMENT – METEOROLOGICAL SECTION 4.M
CLIMATE CHANGE HAZARD ………………………………………………………………….. SUB-SECTION 4.M6
DROUGHT HAZARD ………………………………………………………………………….….. SUB-SECTION 4.M7
FLOOD HAZARD …………………………………………………………………………….……. SUB-SECTION 4.M8
SEVERE WEATHER HAZARD …………………………………………………………………. SUB-SECTION 4.M9
WUI FIRE HAZARD ………………………………………………………………………………SUB-SECTION 4.M10

PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS RISK ASSESSMENT –TECHNOLOGICAL

SECTION 4.M

ABANDONED MINES HAZARD …………………………………….……………………….. SUB-SECTION 4.T11
CIVIL DISTURBANCE HAZARD ………………………………………………………….… SUB-SECTION 4.T12
DAM FAILURE HAZARD …………………………………………………………………….…. SUB-SECTION 4.T13
ENERGY EMERGENCY HAZARD ……………………………………………………………. SUB-SECTION 4.T14
EPIDEMIC HAZARD ………………………………………………………..…………………… SUB-SECTION 4.T15
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS HAZARD …………………………….……………………….. SUB-SECTION 4.T16
PIPELINE HAZARD …………………………………………………….…………………….… SUB-SECTION 4.T17
TERRORISM HAZARD …………………………………………………………………….….. SUB-SECTION 4.T18
TRANSPORTATION ACCIDENT HAZARD ……………………………………………….. SUB-SECTION 4.T19

REGION 5 MITIGATION STRATEGY………………………………………………………. SECTION 5
REGION 5 INFRASTRUCTURE ……………………………………………………………… SECTION 6
REGION 5 PLAN MAINTENANCE ………………………………………………………….. SECTION 7

APPENDICES
Resolution ………………………………………………………………………………....... Appendix A
Acronyms …………………………………………………………………………………….. Appendix B
Maps, Figures and Tables …………………………………………………………..…. Appendix C
Glossary ………………………………………………………………………………………. Appendix D
Plan Revisions ………………………………………………………………………………. Appendix E
Hazus-MH Earthquake/Flood Scenario Hazards ................................... Appendix F

MAPS, FIGURES AND TABLES
Process Section
TABLE 1-1 CHANGE MATRIX ................................................................................................. 1-5
TABLE 1-2 PLANNING TEAM………………………………..…………………………………………………………… 1-11
TABLE 1-3 PLANNING TEAM MEETINGS ……………………………………………..…………………………… 1-12
TABLE 1-4 HAZARD MEETINGS ……………………………………………………………………………..…………. 1-19
TABLE 1-5 PUBLIC INFORMATION MEETINGS ……………………………………………………..………….. 1-21
FIGURE 1-1 ANNUAL BENEFITS FAIR – AUGUST 2016 .......................................................... 1-23
FIGURE 1-2 FINALPUBLIC COMMENT – JUNE 2017 ............................................................... 1-25
TABLE 1-6 PRIOR PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT ............................................................................ 1-26

Profile Section
TABLE 2-1 GEO-POLITICAL SUMMARY ………………..……………………………………………………………… 2-5
MAP 2-1 27 TRIBES & TREATY CEDED AREAS OF WASHINGTON STATE ……………..………………. 2-8
MAP 2-2 PUYALLUP TRIBE BASE MAP ……………..……………………………………………….................... 2-9
MAP 2-3 PUYALLUP TRIBE RESERVATION PORT OF TACOMA AREA ....................................... 2-10
MAP 2-4 PUYALLUP TRIBE RESERVATION DOWNTOWN AREA .............................................. 2-11
MAP 2-5 PUYALLUP TRIBE RESERVATION FIFE AREA .......................................................... 2-12
MAP 2-6 PUYALLUP TRIBE RESERVATION LAKE KAPOWSIN AREA ........................................ 2-13
MAP 2-7 PUYALLUP TRIBE RESERVATION ORTING/WILKESON AREA ..................................... 2-14
MAP 2-8 PUYALLUP TRIBE TRIBAL TRUST BASEMAP ............................................................ 2-15
MAP 2-9 PUYALLUP TRIBE OFF RESERVATION TRIBAL PROPERTIES...................................... 2-16
MAP 2-10 PUYALLUP TRIBE – TRIBAL TRUST BASEMAP KING COUNTY................................... 2-17
MAP 2-11 PUYALLUP TRIBE – TRIBAL TRUST BASEMAP LEWIS COUNTY................................. 2-18
MAP 2-12 PUYALLUP TRIBE – TRIBAL TRUST BASEMAP KITSAP COUNTY............................... 2-19
TABLE 2-2 POPULATION SUMMARY 2011 …………………………………………………………………………. 2-20
TABLE 2-2a POPULATION SUMMARY 2016 ……………………………………………………………………….. 2-21
TABLE 2-3 SPECIAL POPULATION SUMMARY 2011…………………………………………………………….. 2-21
TABLE 2-3a SPECIAL POPULATION SUMMARY 2016…………………………………………………………… 2-21
TABLE 2-4 FISCAL SUMMARY ……………………….…………………………………………………………………. 2-24
TABLE 2-5 EMPLOYMENT PROFILE …………………..……………………………………………………………… 2-24
TABLE 2-6 PUYALLUP TRIBE SERVICES …………………..……………………………………………………….. 2-25
TABLE 2-7 PARCEL SUMMARY May 2011…………………..………………………………………………………. 2-26
TABLE 2-7a PARCEL SUMMARY May 2016…………………..……………………………………………………….2-27
TABLE 2-8 HOUSING SUMMARY May 2011…………………..……………………………………………………. 2-28
TABLE 2-8a HOUSING SUMMARY July 2016…………………..………………………………………………….. 2-28
TABLE 2-9 OWNED INFRASTRUCTURE May 2011…………………..………………………………………….. 2-29
TABLE 2-9a OWNED INFRASTRUCTURE July 2016…………………..………………………………………….. 2-29

Capabilities Section
TABLE 3-1 FEDERAL GRANT AND PROGRAMS ………………..……………………………………………………3-22
TABLE 3-2 WASHINGTON STATE GRANTS AND PROGRAMS ……………..………………………………….3-35
TABLE 3-3 FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL TECHNICAL RESOURCES……………………………………... 3-42

Risk Assessment Section
TABLE 4-1a REGION 5 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION SUMMARY-GEOLOGICAL ………..………………… 4-8
TABLE 4-1b REGION 5 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION SUMMARY-METEOROLOGICAL ………..………… 4-9
TABLE 4-1c REGION 5 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION SUMMARY-TECHNOLOGICAL ………..…………. 4-10
FIGURE 4-1 PRESIDENTIAL DISASTER DECLARATIONS – FEMA REGIONS ………….……………….. 4-11
FIGURE 4-2 PRESIDENTIAL DISASTER DECLARATIONS – WASHINGTON STATE ….................. 4-12
TABLE 4-2 REGION 5 DISASTER ASSISTANCE SUMMARY …………………………………………………… 4-13
TABLE 4-3 VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS: GENERAL EXPOSURE ……….…………………………………….. 4-15
FIGURE 4-3 VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS: SQUARE MILES EXPOSURE ……….…………………………. 4-18
FIGURE 4-4 VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS: LAND PARCELS EXPOSURE ………..…………………………. 4-19
TABLE 4-4 VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS: POPULATION EXPOSURE ………..………………………………. 4-20
FIGURE 4-5 VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS: POPULATION EXPOSURE ………..……………………………. 4-23

TABLE 4-5 VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS: GENERAL INFRASTRUCTURE EXPOSURE …………………. 4-24
TABLE 4-4-6a VULNERABILITY SUMMARY ANALYSIS: GENERAL EXPOSURE 2017..................... 4-27
TABLE 4-6b VULNERABILITY SUMMARY ANALYSIS: GENERAL EXPOSURE 2013..................... 4-27
TABLE 4-7a VULNERABILITY SUMMARY ANALYSIS: POPULATION EXPOSURE 2017………..……… 4-28
TABLE 4-7b VULNERABILITY SUMMARY ANALYSIS: POPULATION EXPOSURE 2013………..……… 4-28
TABLE 4-8a VULNERABILITY SUMMARY ANALYSIS: INFRASTRUCTURE EXPOSURE 2017………… 4-29
TABLE 4-8b VULNERABILITY SUMMARY ANALYSIS: INFRASTRUCTURE EXPOSURE 2013………… 4-29
TABLE 4-9a CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS CHART - GEOLOGICAL ………..…………………………………. 4-30
TABLE 4-9b CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS CHART - METEROLOGICAL ………..…………………………… 4-31
TABLE 4-9c CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS CHART - TECHNOLOGICAL …………………………………….. 4-32

Geological Hazards
Avalanche
FIGURE 4.1-1 SLAB AVALANCHE ……………………..………………………………………………………………. 4.1-3
MAP 4.1-1 AREA VULNERABLE TO AVALANCHE …………………………………………………………………. 4.1-5
TABLE 4.1-1 PIERCE COUNTY AVALANCHES OF RECORD ………………..………………………………….4.1-7

Earthquake
FIGURE 4.2-1 TYPES OF EARTHQUAKES ……………………………………….…………………………………. 4.2-2
MAP 4.2-1 MAJOR FAULTS IN THE PUGETSOUND BASIN …………………………..………………………. 4.2-4
MAP 4.2-2 SEATTLE AND TACOMA FAULT SEGMENTS ……………….………………………………………. 4.2-5
MAP 4.2-3 PIERCE COUNTY SEISMIC HAZARD ………………………………………………………………….. 4.2-6
MAP 4.2-4 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS SEISMIC HAZARD ………………………………………………. 4.2-7
MAP 4.2-5 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS DOWNTOWN LIQUEFACTION …............................. 4.2-8
MAP 4.2-6 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS FIFE/PUYALLUP LIQUEFACTION …......................... 4.2-9
MAP 4.2-7 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS PORT OF TACOMA LIQUEFACTION ...................... 4.2-10
MAP 4.2-8 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS ORTING/WILKESON LIQUEFACTION ................... 4.2-11
MAP 4.2-9 MAJOR PACIFIC NORTHWEST EARTHQUAKES …………..…………………………………… 4.2-12
TABLE 4.2-1 NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES FELT IN PIERCE COUNTY ……………….…………………… 4.2-13
FIGURE 4.2-2 SALMON BEACH, TACOMA WA-FOLLOWING FEB 2001 EARTHQUAKE …………… 4.2-17
FIGURE 4.2-3 LIQUEFACTION, NIIGATA JAPAN 1964 ………………………………………………………. 4.2-20
FIGURE 4.2-4 LATERAL SPREADING – MARCH 2001 ……………….……………………………………….. 4.2-20

Landslide
FIGURE 4.3-1 NORTHEAST TACOMA-LANDSLIDE 01/2007 …………………………………………………. 4.3-2
TABLE 4.3-1 NOTABLE LANDSLIDES IN PIERCE COUNTY …………….…………………………………….. 4.3-4
MAP 4.3-1 PIERCE COUNTY LANDSLIDE AND SOIL EROSION HAZARD …………….…………………. 4.3-5
MAP 4.3-2 PIERCE COUNTY SHORELINE SLOPE STABILITY AREAS …………………………………….. 4.3-6
MAP 4.3-3 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS LANDSLIDE AND SOIL EROSION HAZARD…………….. 4.3-7
FIGURE 4.3-2 SKI PARK ROAD-LANDSLIDE 01/31/03 ………………........................................... 4.3-9
FIGURE 4.3-3 SR-165 BRIDGE ALONG CARBON RIVER-LANDSLIDE 2/1996 ……………………….. 4.3-11
FIGURE 4.3-4 ALDERCREST DRIVE-LANDSLIDE ……………….…………………………………………….. 4.3-11

Tsunami
FIGURE 4.4-1 HAWAII 1957-RESIDENTS EXPLORE OCEAN FLOOR BEFORE TSUNAMI ……….… 4.4-2
FIGURE 4.4-2 HAWAII 1949-WAVE OVERTAKES A SEAWALL ………………..……………………………. 4.4-3
FIGURE 4.4-3 PUGET SOUND FAULT ZONE LOCATIONS…………………………………………………….. 4.4-6
MAP 4.4-1 SEATTLE AND TACOMA FAULTS ……………………………………………………………………... 4.4-7
FIGURE 4.4-4 TSUNAMI INUNDATION AND CURRENT ….…………………………………………………… 4.4-8
FIGURE 4.4-5 PUGET SOUND LANDSLIDE AREA AND CORRESPONDING TSUNAMIS …………… 4.4-10
FIGURE 4.4-6 PUGET SOUND RIVER DELTAS, TSUNAMI EVIDENCE ………….………………………. 4.4-11
FIGURE 4.4-7 SALMON BEACH, 1949 TSUNAMIGENIC SUBAERIAL LANDSLIDE …..……………… 4.4-13
FIGURE 4.4-8 PUYALLUP RIVER DELTA-SUB-MARINE LANDSLIDES …………………………………… 4.4-15
FIGURE 4.4-9 PUYALLUP RIVER DELTA-SUB-MARINE LANDSLIDES AND SCARP ……..……….. 4.4-16
FIGURE 4.4-10 DAMAGE IN TACOMA FROM THE 1894 TSUNAMI ……………………………………. 4.4-17
MAP 4.4-2 WASHINGTON STATE TSUNAMI VULNERABILITY ………….………………………………… 4.4-19

MAP 4.4-3 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS SEATTLE FAULT EARTHQUAKE SCENARIO ….……… 4.4-20
MAP 4.4-4 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS TACOMA FAULT EARTHQUAKE SCENARIO ………… 4.4-21
MAP 4.4-5 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS ROSEDALE-DOMINANT TACOMA FAULT EARTHQUAKE
SCENARIO …………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4.4-22
MAP 4.4-6 PUYALLUP RIVER DELTA …………………………………………………………….………………… 4.4-25

Volcanic
FIGURE 4.5-1 VOLCANIC HAZARDS …………………….………………………………………………………..… 4.5-2
FIGURE 4.5-2 DEBRIS FLOW AT TAHOMA CREEK, JULY 26, 1988 ………………………..……………. 4.5-3
FIGURE 4.5-3 DOUGLAS FIR STUMP-ELECTRON LAHAR DEPOSIT IN ORTING ……….……………. 4.5-3
FIGURE 4.5-4 LANDSLIDE FROM LITTLE TAHOMA PEAK-EMMONS GLACIER …………..………….. 4.5-4
TABLE 4.5-1 TEPHRA TYPES AND SIZES …………………..………………………………………………........ 4.5-5
MAP 4.5-1 LAHARS, LAVA FLOWS, AND PYROCLASTIC HAZARDS OF MT RAINIER ………………. 4.5-6
TABLE 4.5-2 ESTIMATED LAHAR TRAVEL TIME-LAHAR 107 to 108 Cubic Meters Volume ……... 4.5-8
MAP 4.5-2 ASHFALL PROBABILITY FROM MT RAINIER ....................................................... 4.5-9
MAP 4.5-3 ANNUAL PROBABILITY OF 10 CENT. OR MORE TEPHRA ACCUMULATION …………. 4.5-9
MAP 4.5-4 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS LAHAR HAZARD AREA ……………………………………… 4.5-10
MAP 4.5-4 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS Port of Tacoma LAHAR HAZARD AREA ……………… 4.5-11
MAP 4.5-4 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS Downtown LAHAR HAZARD AREA ……………………… 4.5-12
MAP 4.5-4 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS Fife/Puyallup LAHAR HAZARD AREA …………………… 4.5-13
MAP 4.5-4 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS Kapowsin LAHAR HAZARD AREA …………………………4.5-14
MAP 4.5-4 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS Orting/Wilkeson LAHAR HAZARD AREA ……………… 4.5-15
FIGURE 4.5-5 CASCADE ERUPTIONS …………………………………………………………………..………… 4.5-16
TABLE 4.5-3 MT RAINIER IDENTIFIED TEPHRA, LAST 10,000 YEARS ................................. 4.4-17
TABLE 4.5-4 PIERCE COUNTY RIVER VALLEY DEBRIS FLOW HISTORY ............................... 4.5-17
FIGURE 4.5-6 MT. RAINIER ……………............................................................................... 4.4-32

Meteorological Hazards
Climate Change
FIGURE 4.6-1 GLOBAL TEMPERATURE CHANGE 1850 TO 2006 ……………….…………………………. 4.6-2
TABLE 4.6-1 RECENT AND PROJECTED TEMPERATURES FOR THE PACIFIC NW ………..………….4.6-5
FIGURE 4.6-2 COMPARISON OF THE SOUTH CASCADE GLACIER FROM 1928 TO 2003 ………….4.6-9
FIGURE 4.6-3 LOWER NISQUALLY GLACIER RETREAT: 1912 TO 2001 ………..…………………….. 4.6-10

Drought
FIGURE 4.7-1 SEQUENCE OF DROUGHT IMPACTS ……………….……………………………………………. 4.7-3
TABLE 4.7-1 PALMER DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX ……………………………………………………………. 4.7-4
FIGURE 4.7-2 % AREA OF BASIN IN DROUGHT CONDITIONS SINCE 1895 …………….…………….4.7-5
MAP 4.7-1 PIERCE COUNTY WATERSHEDS ………………..…………………………………………………….. 4.7-6
MAP 4.7-2 % OF TIME IN SEVERE TO EXTREME DROUGHT: 1895-1995 ……………………………… 4.7-7
MAP 4.2-3 % OF TIME IN SEVERE TO EXTREME DROUGHT: 1985-1995 ……………………………… 4.7-7
TABLE 4.7-2 NOTABLE DROUGHTS AFFECTING PIERCE COUNTY ……………………………………….. 4.7-8
FIGURE 4.7-3 NATIONAL DROUGHT MITIGATION CENTER DROUGHT IMPACT REPORTER ... 4.7-12
MAP 4.7-4 COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN …………………….………………………………………………………….4.7-13
MAP 4.7-5 USDA CLIMATE ZONES-WASHINGTON STATE …………………………………………………. 4.7-17

Flood
MAP 4.8-1 PIERCE COUNTY WATERSHEDS ………………………………………………………………………. 4.8-4
MAP 4.8-2 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS FLOOD HAZARD ………………..………………………………. 4.8-5
MAP 4.8-3 PIERCE COUNTY REPETITIVE LOSS AREAS ………………………………………………………. 4.8-6
MAP 4.8-4 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS REPETITIVE LOSS AREAS ………………………………… 4.8-9
MAP 4.8-5 CLEAR CREEK BASIN …………………..………………………………………………………………… 4.8-10
MAP 4.8-6 REPETITIVE FLOOD LOSS AERIAL PHOTO ………………………………………………………. 4.8-11
TABLE 4.8-1 FLOOD HAZARD DECLARED DISASTERS …………………………….......................... 4.8-14

FIGURE 4.8-1 FEB 8, 1996 FLOOD-DEL RIO MOBILE HOMES-PUYALUP RIVER …………………. 4.8-16
FIGURE 4.8-2 NOV 2006 FLOOD RIVER PARK ESTATES-PUYALLUP RIVER ………………………… 4.8-19
MAP 4.8-7 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS PORT OF TACOMA FLOOD HAZARD AREA…………. 4.8-20
MAP 4.8-8 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS DOWNTOWN FLOOD HAZARD AREA……………….. 4.8-21
MAP 4.8-9 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS FIFE/PUYALLUP FLOOD HAZARD AREA……......... 4.8-22
FIGURE 4.8-3 NOV 2006 FLOOD STATE RT 410-PUYALLUP RIVER ……………………………………. 4.8-24
FIGURE 4.8-4 NOV 2006 FLOOD RAINIER MANOR-PUYALLUP RIVER ………………………..………. 4.8-25

Severe Weather
TABLE 4.9-1 FUJITA TORNADO DAMAGE SCALE ………………..……………………………………………… 4.9-3
FIGURE 4.9-1 WINDSTORM TRACKS ………………………………………………………………………………… 4.9-4
MAP 4.9-1 PIERCE COUNTY SEVERE WEATHER WIND HAZARD-SOUTH WIND EVENT ………….. 4.9-6
MAP 4.9-2 PIERCE COUNTY SEVERE WEATHER WIND HAZARD-EAST WIND EVENT …………….. 4.9-7
MAP 4.9-3 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS SEVERE WEATHER WIND HAZARD-SOUTH WIND EVENT
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4.9-8
MAP 4.9-4 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS SEVERE WEATHER WIND HAZARD-EAST WIND EVENT
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4.9-9
TABLE 4.9-2 NOTABLE SEVERE WEATHER IN PIERCE COUNTY ………………………………………… 4.9-10
FIGURE 4.9-2 SNOWSTORM 01/2004 DOWNTOWN TACOMA ……………………………………………. 4.9-13
FIGURE 4.9-3 SATELLITE IMAGE-HANUKKAH EVE WINDSTORM ……………………………………….. 4.9-15
FIGURE 4.9-4 BEFORE/AFTER TORNADO DAMAGE GREENSBURG KS 05/04/07 ………………….. 4.9-16
FIGURE 4.9-5 PUBLIC WORKS RESPONDS 2005 SNOWSTORM …………….…………………………… 4.9-17
FIGURE 4.9-6 DOWNED POWER POLE 02/2006 WINDSTORM …………………………………………… 4.9-20
FIGURE 4.9-7 COUNTY ROAD DECEMBER 2006 WINDSTORM …………………………………………… 4.9-22
FIGURE 4.9-8 TACOMA NARROWS BRIDGE-NOVEMBER 7, 1940 WINDSTORM ………………….. 4.9-25

Wildland Urban Interface Fire
MAP 4.10-1 WASHINGTON STATE FIRE HAZARD MAP ……………………………………………………… 4.10-3
MAP 4.10-2 PIERCE COUNTY FOREST CANOPY ……………….………………………………………………. 4.10-4
MAP 4.10-3 INDUSTRIAL FIRE PRECAUTION LEVEL SHUTDOWN ZONE ………..…………………… 4.10-5
FIGURE 4.10-1 CARBON COPY FIRE AUGUST 2006 ……………….…………………………………………. 4.10-6
MAP 4.10-4 WASHINGTON STATE DNR WILDLAND FIRE STATISTICS: 1973-2007 ………..…….4.10-7
TABLE 4.85-1 DNR WILDLAND RESPONSE SOUTH PUGET SOUND REGION: 2002-2007 ….….. 4.10-7
TABLE 4.85-2 PIERCE COUNTY DNR FIRES …………………………………………………………………….. 4.10-8
MAP 4.10-5 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS WILDLAND/URBAN INTERFACE VULNERABILITY.4.10-10

Technological Hazards
Abandoned Mines
FIGURE 4.11-1 WARNING SIGN POSTED AT MINE ……………….…………………………………………. 4.11-2
TABLE 4.11-1 SOME PIERCE COUNTY NAMED COAL MINES ………..…………………………………… 4.11-3
FIGURE 4.11-2 LADY WELLINGTON MINE TIPPLE ……………………………………………………..……. 4.11-4
MAP 4.11-1 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS MINE HAZARD AREAS ………..………..……………….. 4.11-5
FIGURE 4.11-3 PACIFIC COAST COAL MINE TIPPLE, CARBONADO…………………..……………….. 4.11-7

Civil Disturbance
MAP 4.12-1 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS CIVIL DISTURBANCE HAZARD AREA ……………… 4.12-4

Dam Failure
FIGURE 4.13-1 REASONS FOR DAM FAILURES NATIONALLY ……………………………………………. 4.13-2
TABLE 4.13-1 PIERCE COUNTY DAMS THAT POSE A HIGH/SIGNIFICANT RISK TO PUBLIC …..4.13-3
MAP 4.13-1 PIERCE COUNTY HIGH AND SIGNIFICANT RISK DAMS …………………………………. 4.13-4
TABLE 4.13-2 SELECT DAM FAILURES IN WASHINGTON STATE …………………………………….. 4.13-5
MAP 4.13-2 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS DAM FAILURE FLOOD INUNDATION FROM LAKE TAPPS
…………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.13-7
MAP 4.13-3 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS DAM FAILURE FLOOD INUNDATION FROM MUD

MOUNTAIN DAM ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4.13-8
FIGURE 4.13-2 MUD MOUNTAIN DAM INTAKE ………………………………………………………………… 4.13-9

Energy Emergency
MAP 4.14-1 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS ENERGY EMERGENCY …………………………………….. 4.14-4
FIGURE 4.14-1 THE CARRIER LEXINGTON PROVIDING ELECTRICITY…………………………….…. 4.14-6
FIGURE 4. 14-2 SOLAR PANELS, NEW PACE OF POWER GENERATION ……………….………….. 4.14-10

Epidemic/Pandemic
MAP 4.15-1 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS EPIDEMIC/PANDEMIC HAZARD AREAS…………….. 4.15-3
FIGURE 4.15-1 INDIVIDUALS HOPING TO AVOID CONTACTING DISEASE……………………….…..4.15-6

Hazardous Material
TABLE 4.16-1 LIST OF CONSTITUENTS OR INGREDIENTS FOUND IN BAKKEN CRUDE OIL … 4.16-2
TABLE 4.16-2 EPA’S TOXIC RELEASE INVENTORY FOR PIERCE COUNTY 2013 ................... 4.16-3
TABLE 4.16-3 EPA’S IDENTIFIED TOP FIVE FACILITIES .................................................... 4.16-3
FIGURE 4.16-1 EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL, 1989 ………………………………………………………….. 4.16-4
MAP 4.16-1 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS HAZARDOUS MATERIAL AREA ………………………. 4.16-5
MAP 4.16-2 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS HAZARDOUS MATERIAL – PORT OF TACOMA AREA
MAJOR ROADS.........................................................................................…………………… 4.16-7
MAP 4.16-3 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS HAZARDOUS MATERIAL – PORT OF TACOMA AREA
RAILROADS………………………............................................................................................. 4.16-8
MAP 4.16-4 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS HAZARDOUS MATERIAL – DOWNTOWN AREA MAJOR
ROADS ………………………................................................................................................ 4.16-9
MAP 4.16-5 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS HAZARDOUS MATERIAL - DOWNTOWN AREA
RAILROADS ……………………….......................................................................................... 4.16-10
MAP 4.16-6 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS HAZARDOUS MATERIAL – FIFE/PUYALLUP AREA
MAJOR ROADS………………………...................................................................................... 4.16-11
MAP 4.16-7 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS HAZARDOUS MATERIAL – FIFE/PUYALLUP AREA
RAILROADS……………………….......................................................................................... 4.16-12
FIGURE 4.16-2 DALCO PASSAGE OIL SPILL CLEAN UP…………………………………………………… 4.16-13

Pipeline Hazard
TABLE 4.17-1 CITIES AND TOWNS WITH INTERSTATE PIPELINE …………………………………….. 4.17-3
FIGURE 4.17-1 OLYMPIC PIPELINE RUPTURE June 1999…………………………….………………… 4.17-3
MAP 4.17-2 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS PIPELINE HAZARDOUS AREA………………………….. 4.17-5
FIGURE 4.17-2 WHATCOM FALLS PARK, 2003 ………………………………………………………………… 4.17-8

Terrorism
FIGURE 4.18-1 WORLD TRADE CENTER, 9/11/2001 ………………………………………………………… 4.18-2
TABLE 4.18-1 SELECT U.S. TERRORIST INCIDENTS…………………...……………………………………. 4.18-4
FIGURE 4.18-3 RESPONDERS SEARCH THE PILE AT THE WTC………………………………………..… 4.18-7
MAP 4.18-1 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS TERRORISM HAZARD AREA……………………….…….. 4.18-8

Transportation Emergency
TABLE 4.19-1 AIRPORTS IN PIERCE COUNTY ……………………………………………………………..….. 4.19-2
TABLE 4.19-2 FERRY SERVICE IN PIERCE COUNTY ………………....…………………………………….. 4.19-4
FIGURE 4.19-1 TRAIN WRECK ON MOUNTS/OLD NISQUALLY ROAD ……….………………………… 4.19-5
MAP 4.13-3 PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS TRANSPORTATION HAZARDS…….…………………….. 4.13-9

Mitigation Strategy Section
TABLE 5-1 PUYALLUP TRIBE MITIGATION STRATEGY MATRIX …………………………………………

5-10

Appendix F Hazus-MH Earthquake / Flood Scenario Hazards
MAP F-1 PIERCE COUNTY TACOMA FAULT SCENARIO TOTAL LOSSES MAP …………………………
MAP F-2 PIERCE COUNTY TACOMA FAULT SCENARIO FIRE DEPARTMENT DAY 1 MAP …………

F-3
F-4

MAP F-3 PIERCE COUNTY TACOMA FAULT SCENARIO FIRE DEPARTMENT DAY 7 MAP ………… F-5
MAP F-4 PIERCE COUNTY TACOMA FAULT SCENARIO POLICE DEPARTMENT DAY 1 MAP ……… F-6
MAP F-5 PIERCE COUNTY TACOMA FAULT SCENARIO POLICE DEPARTMENT DAY 7 MAP ……… F-7
MAP F-6 PIERCE COUNTY TACOMA FAULT SCENARIO HOSPITALS DAY 1 MAP...............………… F-8
MAP F-7 PIERCE COUNTY TACOMA FAULT SCENARIO HOSPITALS DAY 7 MAP …………............. F-9
MAP F-8 PIERCE COUNTY TACOMA FAULT SCENARIO SCHOOLS DAY 1 MAP................………… F-10
MAP F-9 PIERCE COUNTY TACOMA FAULT SCENARIO SCHOOLS DAY 7 MAP …….……............. F-11
MAP F-10 PIERCE COUNTY NISQUALLY FAULT SCENARIO TOTAL LOSSES MAP …………………… F-12
MAP F-11 PIERCE COUNTY NISQUALLY FAULT SCENARIO FIRE DEPARTMENT DAY 1 MAP …… F-13
MAP F-12 PIERCE COUNTY NISQUALLY FAULT SCENARIO FIRE DEPARTMENT DAY 7 MAP …… F-14
MAP F-13 PIERCE COUNTY NISQUALLY FAULT SCENARIO POLICE DEPARTMENT DAY 1 MAP F-15
MAP F-14 PIERCE COUNTY NISQUALLY FAULT SCENARIO POLICE DEPARTMENT DAY 7 MAP …F-16
MAP F-15 PIERCE COUNTY NISQUALLY FAULT SCENARIO HOSPITALS DAY 1 MAP................ F-17
MAP F-16 PIERCE COUNTY NISQUALLY FAULT SCENARIO HOSPITALS DAY 7 MAP …………...... F-18
MAP F-17 PIERCE COUNTY NISQUALLY FAULT SCENARIO SCHOOLS DAY 1 MAP................… F-19
MAP F-18 PIERCE COUNTY NISQUALLY FAULT SCENARIO SCHOOLS DAY 7 MAP …….……........ F-20
MAP F-19 PIERCE COUNTY SEATAC FAULT SCENARIO TOTAL LOSSES MAP …………………….... F-21
MAP F-20 PIERCE COUNTY SEATAC FAULT SCENARIO FIRE DEPARTMENT DAY 1 MAP ……..... F-22
MAP F-21 PIERCE COUNTY SEATAC FAULT SCENARIO FIRE DEPARTMENT DAY 7 MAP …….... F-23
MAP F-22 PIERCE COUNTY SEATAC FAULT SCENARIO POLICE DEPARTMENT DAY 1 MAP....... F-24
MAP F-23 PIERCE COUNTY SEATAC FAULT SCENARIO POLICE DEPARTMENT DAY 7 MAP …... F-25
MAP F-24 PIERCE COUNTY SEATAC FAULT SCENARIO HOSPITALS DAY 1 MAP...................... F-26
MAP F-25 PIERCE COUNTY SEATAC FAULT SCENARIO HOSPITALS DAY 7 MAP …………........... F-27
MAP F-26 PIERCE COUNTY SEATAC FAULT SCENARIO SCHOOLS DAY 1 MAP................…...... F-28
MAP F-27 PIERCE COUNTY SEATAC FAULT SCENARIO SCHOOLS DAY 7 MAP …….……............. F-29

PUYALLUP TRIBE ALL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
2017-2022 EDITION
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
“My heart’s been warmed by watching the best in people come out when disaster strikes. But my
heart’s been broken by seeing the pain I knew could have been prevented.”
--James Lee Witt

Introduction
Public Law 106-390 The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 was passed by Congress on October
30th, 2000 and amended the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act.
This act required local jurisdictions to have a disaster mitigation plan in order to obtain either
Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) or Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) funds.
The Puyallup Tribe of Indians Mitigation Plan was originally completed in 2012 and was a
compilation of over five years of work completed by representatives of the Puyallup Tribe
members included in the plan. It encompassed their work under the direction of staff from the
Pierce County Department of Emergency Management.
At this time, a comprehensive review and update of the original plan is complete and began in
November of 2015. The original plan is due to expire in April of 2017 and this updated plan will
replace that plan. This update encompasses the work of the Public Safety Department and the
Emergency Management Committee (EMC) under the direction and guidance of staff from the
Pierce County Department of Emergency Management.
Homeland Security Region 5 is congruent with Pierce County. While technically the two are
interchangeable on a geographic level they are not interchangeable on the planning level. This
plan, and the commitment of those whose energy created it, is a testament to the resolve of the
Puyallup Tribe of Indians to make Region 5, Pierce County, a safer more enjoyable place to
work, live, and play.
This Plan originally began as a natural hazard mitigation plan. As such it addressed those hazards
that are considered part of the natural environment of Pierce County. Additionally it continues to
address risks which are secondary to natural hazards and classified within the Plan as humancaused or technological hazards. These secondary risks include the interruption of power, gas
and water supplies; transportation; civil unrest; dam failure; epidemic; hazardous materials and
terrorism.

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Traditionally many of the hazards were considered independently. For the purposes of this Plan
some consolidation was done. For example, snowstorms, ice storms, tornadoes, and windstorms
were all combined into a single category, severe weather. The other traditional hazards that are
included are avalanche, drought, earthquake, flood, landslide, tsunami and seiche, volcano, and
wildland/urban interface fires. Due to the extensive research that has been conducted the past
few years into the effects of climate change the decision was made to provisionally include it in
the Plan, but without attempting to address mitigation measures related to it. The Puyallup Tribe
has taken a pro-active approach to climate change and partnering with a consulting company
worked to conduct an assessment report. This report along with another report from the Treaty
Tribes in Western Washington are included with this updated plan. As more is understood about
the consequences for the local jurisdictions mitigation measures may be included in future
editions of the Plan.
Some but not all of these hazards have had a major impact on the Puyallup Tribe of Indian’s
reservation within Pierce County. Of the 9 natural hazards that affect Pierce County, avalanche is
the only one that affects very few jurisdictions. Avalanches are a factor in the higher
mountainous areas of Pierce County; areas that are outside the boundaries of the reservation.

Natural Hazards
Drought has intermittently created problems for citizens across Pierce County. Generally not
reaching disaster proportions, it strains the ability of water purveyors to supply the public with
enough water to carry on their normal activities. Drought can have variable effects depending on
the location within the Region and type of businesses that are affected. Fisheries, agricultural
based businesses and a few types of industry will feel the effects the earliest and usually the
most. It is not until a drought has occurred for some time that citizens in the Region begin to feel
its effects in their everyday activities.
The earthquake threat is becoming better known through the research done by both
governmental and educational organizations. We no longer have to rely on recorded earthquakes
of the past 150 years. Research has shown that we have three distinct earthquake threats in
Region 5, Pierce County that would affect the Puyallup Tribe. Deep earthquakes like the 2001
Nisqually earthquake that was magnitude 6.8; earthquakes on the Seattle or Tacoma Faults that
could have a magnitude up to 8.0; and subduction earthquakes located off the Washington Coast
that could have a magnitude as high as 9.0. An earthquake of any of these types could cause
millions if not billions of dollars of damage within the Region.
Floods are the cause of most federal disaster declarations that include Pierce County. The last
three major floods to impact Pierce County were in January 2009, November 2006 flood and
1996-7 floods. All of these caused millions of dollars worth of damage to both the private and
public sectors.
The landslide hazard in Pierce County includes slopes identified as having over a 15% rise.
Landslides happen with regular frequency during and after both rainstorms and earthquakes in
Pierce County. To date none have been catastrophic. However, with continuing population

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expansion into areas with landslide potential the possibility of a large slide damaging multiple
properties and possibly injuring or killing citizens continues to increase.
The severe weather hazard includes the wide variety of weather problems jurisdictions in Pierce
County will encounter. Windstorms, hail, snow, ice storms, and tornadoes have all impacted the
County in the past. The most recent example was the federal disaster declaration for the
Christmas snow and freezing temperatures of December 2008.
The tsunami section includes seiche as a problem that may impact the County in the future.
Tsunami is a Japanese word meaning large harbor wave. Pierce County has been impacted by
three tsunamis generated in Puget Sound in the past 120 years. The largest of these, the 1894
tsunami, originated in Commencement Bay, destroyed 300 feet of dock and sent a ten foot wave
into Old Town Tacoma.
A close relative of the tsunami is the seiche. Formed in an enclosed body of water it is likened to
a large basin of water where one side is lifted a little and the resulting waves are reflected back
and forth from shore to shore over time. Seiches in Pierce County could happen in lakes or to
some extent in the southern portion of Puget Sound.
Pierce County’s volcano problem largely stems from Mt. Rainier. There is a small potential for
ash from other volcanoes in the Cascades, especially Mt. St. Helens. Mt. Rainier is the only
volcano with the potential for inundating the major river valleys in the County with mud up to 30
or more feet deep.
The wildland/urban interface fire (WUI) problem faced by the jurisdictions is directly related
to the quantity of unimproved/forested land they have in their boundaries. The Department of
Natural Resources reports that there are one or two WUI fires in the Pierce/King County area
every couple of years. Most are of small size and do not affect large areas, but the possibility of a
large scale fire is always there.

Technological Hazards
Known abandoned mines in Pierce County are all located in the eastern part of the County and
thus only affect those jurisdictions in that vicinity. Potential damage from abandoned mines
includes collapse of buildings or roads built over old mine shafts, but most of these are in less
populated areas of the County and the threat is limited.
Civil unrest or disturbance is of higher probability in the larger cities and areas with a higher
population density. This can, spill into rural areas as situations escalate. Generally it requires a
seed incident and an adequate population to get started.
A dam failure in Pierce County would be catastrophic. Three of the largest dam failures could
occur from Mud Mountain Dam, Alder/ La Grande Dam or Lake Tapps. Although these dams
pose a significant high risk there are approximately 57 dams in Pierce County with the potential
for dam failure which could impact citizens.

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2017-2022 EDITION

The loss of power, gas and/or water supplies is critical to the Puyallup Tribe of Indians
jurisdiction. Singularly or in combination, disruptions may impact the level of service or the
critical infrastructure and operation of businesses. The most frequent energy emergencies exist
during winter storms. The breaking of power lines due to trees toppling or branches breaking is
the usual cause.
Transportation accidents occurring in Pierce County have a significant potential for incidents
that can occur on the road, rail, air and maritime. Depending on the type and severity of the
accident the response can be critical in recovery efforts. Main highway transportation routes run
directly through the Reservation and County along with passenger, freight and tourist rails.
Pierce County is home to over 14 working airports, operates a ferry system and is home to a
major Port.
Current Pierce County pipelines include Northwest Pipeline Corp, Olympic Pipeline Co, and
U.S. Oil and Refining Co. Between these they contain 80.93 miles of natural gas pipeline and
44.68 miles of liquid petroleum product pipeline in the County and this defines the pipeline
hazard in Pierce County.
Hazardous materials incidents may be either generated from a fixed site or the result of a
transportation related accident or release.
Terrorist incidents can occur at any time or place where a group can justify or rationalize their
action. They have occurred in major metropolitan areas such as bombings in New York and other
major cities and they have occurred in forests of Washington and Oregon. Terrorism exists in
every state in the nation.
Because these hazards continually threaten the membership and citizens that live, play or work
on the Reservation, the Puyallup Tribe of Indians developed a mitigation plan and will continue
to keep it updated every five years. With the competition of this updated plan another segment of
the community is closer to being disaster resilient.

DMA 2000 and the Plan Purpose
FEMA defines hazard mitigation as those actions taken to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk
to people, property, the social infrastructure, or the environment from hazards and their effects.
Hazard mitigation planning is the process of determining the best means of reducing or
eliminating these risks.
The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000) is the federal impetus for the Puyallup Tribe
of Indians All Hazard Mitigation Plan. This act, amending the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief
and Emergency Assistance Act, added a new section 322 on Mitigation Planning. Section 322
requires each jurisdiction wishing to receive mitigation funds through the Hazard Mitigation
Grant Program and the Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program, to abate or reduce the threat from local
hazards by means of an approved mitigation plan. This legislation is codified as 44 CFR Part
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PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS ALL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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201. The specifics that local jurisdictions are to follow in developing their plans are outlined in
44 CFR Part 201.6.
The regulatory directive included in the Federal Statement of Purpose under 44 CFR
201.1 subpart (b) states:
“The purpose of mitigation planning is for State, local, and Indian tribal
governments to identify the natural hazards that impact them, to identify actions
and activities to reduce losses from those hazards, and to establish a coordinated
process to implement the plan, taking advantage of a wide range of resources.”
Taking the Federal Statement of Purpose as a guide, the Puyallup Tribe of Indians Emergency
Management Planning team has developed the following Plan Purpose:
In an effort to develop disaster resilient communities by breaking the natural and
man-made hazard cycle, the Puyallup Tribe of Indians joined together with Pierce
County to develop this mitigation plan. Over time working independently and in
coordination with Pierce County, the Puyallup Tribe of Indians through hazard
risk assessments, the administration of hazard mitigation grant programs, and
developing a coordinated approach to mitigation strategy at the local, state, and
regional levels, will contribute to the safety and well-being of its membership and
citizens throughout their Planning Area and Pierce County.
In seeking accordance with Federal requirements and the Tribe’s mission statement, the Plan
Purpose is the foundation for the Plan’s Goals. The plan further provides assurances that the
Indian Tribal government will continue to comply with all applicable Federal statutes and
regulations during the periods for which it receives grant funding, in compliance with 44 CFR
13.11(c), and will amend its plan whenever necessary to reflect changes in tribal or Federal laws
and statutes as required in 44 CFR 13.11(d).

The Plan’s Goals
The planning team worked together to come up with a series of goals that would represent their
views and will create a foundation for the mitigation measures they develop. The goals are:







Protect Life and Property,
Ensure Emergency Services,
Establish and Strengthen Partnerships for Implementation,
Preserve or Restore Natural Resources,
Increase Public Preparedness for Disasters, and
Promote a Sustainable Economy.

Each mitigation measure in the individual jurisdictions portion of the plan addresses one or more
of these goals. In many cases the measures address multiple goals or even all of the goals.
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The Puyallup Tribe of Indians and the Process
Towards the end of 2003, the Puyallup Tribe of Indians Planning Staff in conjunction with
Emergency Management Planning Staff began the development of a Natural Hazard Mitigation
Plan. Essentially most of the plan was completed except for a couple of sections and the plan was
never formally adopted.
In December of 2010 the Puyallup Tribe of Indians Planning Staff along with Pierce County
Emergency Management Planning Staff began reviewing the plan in sections for relevancy and
completed the sections not yet finished over the course of the next eight months.
The biggest change to the plan involved transforming it from a Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan
into an All Hazard Mitigation Plan to include all technological hazards. This required the
addition of nine sub-sections to the Risk Assessment Section of the Plan, providing the
opportunity to improve the Tribe’s mitigation of all hazards, and become eligible for both preand post-disaster mitigation funds.
In November of 2015 the Emergency Management Committee and Pierce County Emergency
Management began discussing the Mitigation Plan and the course it would take for updating it
over the next year. In December 2015 a “Kick-Off” meeting began the concentrated effort of
this committee to review and update the plan where necessary. The Emergency Management
Committee and Pierce County Emergency Management meet every month over the course of the
2016 and into 2017 to review and discuss sections of the plan. There were several meetings with
individual departments for follow information that was needed in addition to the monthly
meetings.

Reader’s Guide to the Plan
This plan is broken into two main components, the Mitigation Plan, and the Appendices. The
Mitigation Plan is the core of this Plan and covers the material giving both general and specific
information relevant to the Mitigation Plan. The Appendices information follows giving relevant
information to understanding the plan and will include a copy of the Council Determination
Report (CDR)/resolution passed by the Tribal Council after adopting the plan.
The Mitigation Plan consists of seven sections: a Process Section; a Profile Section; a
Capability Identification Section; a Risk Assessment Section; a Mitigation Strategy Section; an
Infrastructure Section; and a Maintenance Section.
The Process Section describes the process the Puyallup Tribe of Indians went through with the
Pierce County staff to develop these plans. It gives the participants, lists the meetings, and what
was covered in those meetings.
It then addresses how the Plan was developed around all major components identified in 44 CFR
201.6, including:
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PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS ALL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
2017-2022 EDITION









Public Involvement Process;
Jurisdiction Profile;
Capability Identification;
Risk Assessment;
Mitigation Strategy;
Infrastructure Section; and,
Plan Maintenance Procedure.

It discusses the reasoning for the process that was followed. It covers the types of information
that was garnered from the individual jurisdictions and the information from research that was
done by County staff.
The Profile Section gives an overview of the Puyallup Tribe of Indians Planning Area. It
discusses the Planning Area in six different categories. They are demographics, geography,
geology, climate, transportation, and economy. Maps are included to show the overall lay of the
Planning Area, and a Tribes and Treaty Ceded map of Washington State. In addition summary
tables provide an overview of the Tribe. Each section includes the services provided, what type
of organization they are, their population, a summary of their infrastructures, individual land use
descriptions, and an economic summary.
The Capability Identification Section provides an overview of the types of capabilities that
would be available to local jurisdictions within the Puyallup Tribe of Indians Planning Area. It
summarizes the types of capabilities that local jurisdictions are already using in some cases, and
can continue to use as they develop targeted mitigation plans. It summarizes the types of
capabilities and their use by local jurisdictions and covers extra-local federal funding sources,
and state agencies that have mitigation capabilities. It summarizes the legal and regulatory
capabilities of each jurisdiction. It then summarizes on tables the administrative, technical, and
fiscal as well as any special capabilities each jurisdiction may have.
The Risk Assessment Section analyzes the risk throughout the Puyallup Tribe of Indians
Planning Area for the identified hazards. The natural hazards are avalanche, drought, earthquake,
flood, landslide, severe weather, tsunami, volcano, and wildland/urban interface fire. The
technological hazards addressed are, abandoned mines, civil disturbance, dam failure, energy
emergency, epidemic, hazardous materials, pipelines, terrorism and transportation emergency.
In addition an overview section on climate change has been added although it is not referenced in
the development of mitigation strategies.
The Risk Assessment Section gives an overview of the natural and technological hazard threat
and which hazards could affect the Puyallup Tribe of Indians Planning Area. It does this through
a series of tables, figures and maps included in the Risk Assessment Section. The maps spatially
show the location of the hazards that affect the Puyallup Tribe of Indians Planning Area. At this
time they do not show the wildland/urban interface fire, nor the area affected by climate change.
Since avalanche does not affect the Puyallup Tribe of Indians Planning Area there is no map with
the plan.
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2017-2022 EDITION

There is an assumption that the entire Planning Area will be affected by earthquakes, storms,
drought and possibly ashfall from the Cascade volcanoes; especially Mt. Rainier. Drought and
storms are not shown since their affects are universal, although with minor variations across the
County. The maps showing earthquake hazard areas are only the areas with soils that are prone
to liquefaction. Similarly the volcano hazard map only shows those areas that can expect lahar
inundation.
The technological risks are similar in that civil disturbance, energy emergency, epidemic, and
terrorism could affect a portion or the entire Planning Area with minor variations across the
County. For this reason there is no hazard map associated with these hazards due to the fact the
entire Planning Area is as risk. Hazardous materials spills are a potential threat to the Puyallup
Tribe and a variety of hazard maps show this on major roads and railroad lines. The maps are
scaled down to view on a parcel level for situational awareness and potential mitigation efforts.
The Risk Assessment Section goes a step further and evaluates the effects of each hazard on the
public; on the responders; on the ability of a jurisdiction to maintain operations and deliver
services; on property, facilities, and infrastructure; on the environment; on the economic and
financial condition; and on the reputation of jurisdictions or organizations that are impacted by it.
The Mitigation Strategy Section describes how mitigation measures are developed based on the
Risk Assessment and Capability Identification. The Mitigation Strategy Section builds on the
risk assessment and capability identification sections. Each is divided into two parts. The first
part is a compilation table showing all the various mitigation measure priorities the jurisdiction
has proposed. It shows who is the lead organization and the estimated timeframe when it might
be implemented. It also shows which goals the measure addresses.
The second part is comprised of short write ups of all the proposals. Information here was taken
from a 12 question form that the Puyallup Tribe of Indians Planning Team filled out and
submitted on each proposal. Each of the mitigation proposals includes an update summary of
what actions have occurred, and the current status of the progress of these proposals.
The Infrastructure Section is an optional component of the Plan. The Puyallup Tribe of Indians
All Hazard Plan only lists the components that the Tribe has included. It was decided that by
including a separate section on the Tribe’s infrastructure it would help the Tribe focus on their
vulnerability and where their mitigation measures could do the most good.
The infrastructure section is exempt from public disclosure pursuant to RCW 42.56.420., and is
not a requirement of 44 CFR Part 201. However it was decided to include it to help with an
overall understanding of the Tribe’s needs. This section includes summary tables of each piece
of infrastructures’ dependencies and vulnerabilities. The individual infrastructure and mitigation
measure however, will be exempt from public disclosure.
The Plan Maintenance Section has three components. The first component involves Plan
Adoption. It discusses how the plan will be sent to Washington Emergency Management
Division and then on to FEMA as part of the Pre-Adoption Review. Once reviewed and any
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PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS ALL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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modifications requested by the State or FEMA have been made, the plan will be adopted by the
Tribe.
The second component discusses how the Tribe must come up with a strategy to implement,
maintain and update the plan. These updates must be done at a minimum of every 5 years.
Jurisdictions may do it more frequently if they desire.
The final component covers the need for the public to have input into the plan review and update
processes.

The Appendices
The Appendices A-F, consist of supplementary material to assist with the understanding of the
Plan. This includes a list of acronyms, a glossary and variety of maps. In addition, Appendix A
will include the CDR by the Tribal Council to adopt the plan, the final approval letter from
FEMA and will contain the histories of previous plan adoption letters by the Tribal Council and
FEMA.

Conclusion
This will be forth coming upon the final adoption of the plan.

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/tribal%3Apuyallup%3A81a6b31a28519fa0. Public record. Not legal advice.