# Secretarial Election > Briefs, arguments, decisions, and more. URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/tribal%3Apueblo_laguna%3Aa2cf9d4eed972d5c ## Record - **Collection:** Tribal code - **Document type:** Tribal code ## Text Pueblo of Laguna Secretarial Election OverView § Secretarial Election: 1. 2. § 3. 4. What is a Secretarial Election (Constitutional Amendment) This is a federal election, not a tribal election Amendments Removal of secretarial approval Removal of 2-year enrollment requirement § Education of our constitutional evolution § The BIA voting process § Native America watches Laguna– Leadership § Our Future • What will we leave for our children? What will we leave for our grandchildren? What will we leave for our grandchildren’s children. HealthyDiscussion § Respect the comments/views of others, even if you don’t agree with them § Be mindful of others opportunity to comment § Listen and think § Nurturing our future with positive thought § Think inclusive § Think Core Values CoreValues • • • • • Life Abilities Clans Subsistence Confidence/ Competence • Environment • • • • Love Respect Discipline Obedience TraditionalGovernance (Pre-Imposition) TraditionalGovernance (Pre-Imposition) Laguna Governance ! Caciques Civic Leadership | Religious Medicine Societies System! Helpers 1826FirstGovernor Caciques, Governor Religious & Lieutenant Gov’s. Medicine Societies Leadership § Governor Romero 1831TrustDoctrine What is the Federal Indian Trust Responsibility? • "The Federal Indian Trust Responsibility is a legal obligation under which the United States Congress has charged itself with moral obligations of the highest responsibility and trust toward American Indian tribes (Seminole Nation v. United States, 1942; Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 1831). • Wards of the government • "The federal Indian trust responsibility holds the United States legally responsible for the protection of tribal lands, assets, resources, and treaty rights. The Supreme Court suggests that the Federal Indian Trust Responsibility entails legal duties, moral obligations, and the fulfillment of understandings and expectations that have arisen over the entire course of dealings between the U.S. and the tribes.” • 1848 US takes its place over Mexico and NM becomes a territory § 1824 BIA Created in Dept. of War – Genocide period 1863LincolnCanes § We’re not U.S. Citizens § Secretarial approval non-existent § Kill the Indian save the man still alive § Beginning of a new wave of people entering Laguna § Critical of Mexican/Spanish influence § Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo 1877FirstElection § Caciques, Governor Religious & Lieutenant Gov’s. Medicine Societies § § Leadership Impact and influence of education & boarding schools Presbyterian, Protestant, Catholic, Baptist factions increase influence on society and political structure Exiting from Laguna in 1879 1877FirstElection 1877FirstElection 1885RailRoad § Flower of Friendship § U.S. vs. Joseph (“Pueblos are not Indians”) § Sanatorium 1885RailRoad § Influx of many new people to our community. They were staying and integrating themselves into the Pueblo (Marmons, Gunns, Pradts, etc) 1900RailRoadEra Pablo Abeita (1871-1940) Pablo Abeita was a Governor of Isleta and a well recognized leader of Isleta Pueblo. He was educated in a Jesuit School at Old Albuquerque and then St. Michaels College in Santa Fe. In 1889, he was appointed to the All Indian Pueblo Council at the age of nineteen. In 1913, he was appointed as a judge and elected Secretary of the AIPC. Quote from Elsie Clews Parson, written in a footnote: Lucinda observed in this connection that Pablo Abeita (the chief of the White Corn group and the most influential personality of Isleta) “hates the Laguna people and wants to cut their ways.” 1900RailRoadEra 1908FirstConstitution 13. Caciques, Governor Religious & Lieutenant Gov’s. Medicine Societies Fiscales Leadership War Captains That the foregoing Laws, ByLaws and constitution shall be in full force and effect on and after January 1, 1908; and that after this date all other written laws and regulations of the Pueblo of Laguna, not embodied in the foregoing, shall be declared null and void. 1924IndianCitizenshipAct • • • • We were not considered citizens prior to this date Allotment Era was still in place. This was a means to further the assimilation process New “identity” is now imposed on us: U.S. Citizens 1934IRA • Addressed five (5) areas: Land, members, governing body, elections, and referendums and recalls • The creation of tribal constitutions was born in this period. • Constitutions were not mandated, but was the discretion of the tribe to accept a constitution. • Current day Pueblos: 13 Theocratic governments and 6 constitutional governments • Provided an option to organize 1940CENSUS SHEET NO. ENUMERATION DISTRICT NO. COUNTY 683(59,625¶6',675,&712 1940 Federal C ensus ENUMERATED BY ME ON TOWNSHIP OR OTHER DIVISION OF COUNTY , 1940 , ENUMERATOR INCORPORATED PLACE 8 A 9 10 11 12 13 14 B 7 I n what place did this pe rson live on April 1, 1935? For a person who lived in a different place, enter city or town, county, and State. City, town, or village having State (or 2,600 or Territory County more or foreign inhabitants country) If less, enter ³5´ If foreign born, give country in which birthplace was situated on Jan. 1, 1937. Distinguish: Canada-French from Canada-English and Irish Free State from Northern Ireland. 15 C 16 17 18 19 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 26 27 28 29 30 F. 31 32 Number of Farm Schedule E INDUSTRY Industry or business, as² Cotton m ill Retail g rocery F arm Shipyard Public school Did this person receive income of $50 or more from sources other than money wages or salary (Y or N) 25 OCCUPATION Trade, profession, or particular kind of work, as ± F ra m e spinner S alesm an Laborer Rivet heater Music tea cher Amount of money, wages or salary received (including commissions) Duration of unemployment up to March 30, 1940 ± in weeks. 24 INCOME IN 1939 (12 months ending Dec. 31, 1939.) Number of weeks worked in 1939 (Equivalent full-time weeks) Number of hours worked during week of March 2430, 1940. 23 OCCUPATION, INDUSTRY, AND CLASS OF WORKER )RUDSHUVRQDWZRUNDVVLJQHGWRSXEOLFHPHUJHQF\ZRUNRUZLWKDMRE ³