# BUSIN E SS COMMITTEE   3

> Briefs, arguments, decisions, and more.

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/tribal%3Aminn_chippewa_white_earth%3A7bcff8ee63c5cfc7

## Record

- **Collection:** Tribal code
- **Document type:** Tribal code

## Text

2025
ADDRESS

TABLE OF
CONTENTS
BUSIN E SS COMMITTEE   3
F I N AN CE D IVISION   4
KEY EN ROLLMENT
& F I N ANCIA L STAT ISTICS   17

MICHAEL
FAIRBANKS
Chairman
WHITE EARTH
N AT I O N

MICHAEL
LAROQUE
Secretary/Treasurer

IN FORMATION TECHNOLOGY   18
H E ALTH D IVISION   21

HENRY
GEORGE FOX

H UMAN RESOU RCES D IVISION   27
WH I TE EA RTH
LAN D SETTLEMENT   29

BUSINESS
COMMITTEE

District I
Representative

PUBLIC SA FETY D IVISION   31
BE H AVI ORAL HEA LT H   34
ECON OMIC D EVELOPMENT   39
COMPLIA NCE D IVISION   40
EDUCAT ION D IVISION   43
LEGAL D IVISION   53
N ATURAL RESOU RCES   54
IN DIAN CHILD WELFA R E D IVISION   62

EUGENE
SOMMERS
District II
Representative

JUDICIA L D EPA RTMENT   65
CULTURAL D IVISION ACTIVITY   69
TRIBAL U TILIT Y COMMISSION    70
WH I TE EA RTH ENTERPR ISES   76
URBAN OFFICE   77

LAURA
LEE
ERICKSON
District III
Representative
BUSINESS COMMITTEE

3

Grant Management

FINANCE
DIVISION

 Provides financial oversight of grants and other restricted funding to
ensure funds are spent on allowable purposes, properly documented,
and reported in compliance with funding requirements.
 The Finance Coordinators completed and submitted:
• 351 monthly financial reports
• 230 quarterly reports
• 30 annual reports

PROGRAM
OVERVIEW

• 20 final reports
 Daily monitoring of grant expenditures to assist programs with allowability in
relation to the applicable governing regulations and funding sources.
 21 grant reviews were conducted by the awarding agencies during the year.

The Finance Division manages and protects the Tribe’s financial resources to ensure funds are
used responsibly, transparently, and in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. With
a team of 27 professionals, the Division supports tribal programs, services, and operations
through strong financial management, reliable internal controls, and ethical financial practices.

Cash Management

WHAT THE FINANCE DIVISION DOES

Budget Management

Accounts Payable
 Processes payments to vendors and service providers while ensuring purchases
comply with tribal policies, contracts, and approval requirements.
 In FY25, the Accounts Payable team processed a total of 53,108 invoices and issued
20,876 checks. This activity also included 81 COVID/Nelson minor checks.

Accounts Receivable
 Manages the Tribe’s incoming revenues by issuing invoices, tracking
multiple revenue sources, applying payments, and monitoring
outstanding balances to ensure accurate revenue reporting.

Purchasing
 Oversees the procurement of goods and services for the Tribe, ensuring that purchases
are cost-effective, properly authorized, and compliant with applicable regulations.
 A total of 23,485 purchase orders were reviewed by the Purchasing Division in FY25.

Payroll
 Ensures tribal employees are paid accurately and on time, including the
administration of payroll taxes, benefit deductions, and required reporting.
 Payroll processed around 29,682 timesheets during fiscal year 2025,
not including payroll advances or supplemental checks.

 Oversees cash flow and banking activity to ensure funds are available for
operations while safeguarding tribal financial assets through strong controls.

 Coordinates the development and monitoring of the Tribe’s annual operating and capital
budgets, supporting leadership and departments with financial analysis and forecasting.

Contract and Construction Management
 Supports the financial oversight of contracts and construction projects by ensuring
agreements are properly executed, expenditures align with contract terms, and payments
are processed in accordance with approved budgets, timelines, and funding requirements.
 Please see report of contracting projects.

Internal Audit and Compliance
 Reviews financial processes and internal controls to identify risks, support
accountability, and recommend improvements to strengthen financial operations.
 Three internal audits were conducted during FY2025.
 Monthly grant monitoring was completed to assist programs with
staying on track with grant objectives and spending.
 Provided various programs with recommendations to comply with
federal and state regulations as well as Tribal policies.
 Grant drawdowns were moved up from quarterly to monthly to
comply with the DOGE heightened security surrounding the request
for funds and the allowability in relation to each grant.

 Payroll now manages the employee non-benefit deductions.

4

FINANCE DIVISION

FINANCE DIVISION

5

External Audits
 Coordinates and supports audits conducted by
independent auditors to verify financial statements,
compliance with regulations, and proper use of tribal and
grant funds. Provides follow-up on recommendations to
ensure continuous improvement and transparency.

SHOOTING STAR CASINOS MAHNOMEN & BAGLEY
FY2025 FINANCIAL REVIEW

FY2025

FY2024

FY2023

SSC REVENUE

$103,981,464

$104,132,125

$98,866,608

 Tracks and safeguards tribal inventory and capital
assets, ensuring accurate records, proper use, and
compliance with applicable requirements.

OPERATING
EXPENSES

$90,464,481

$81,269,149

$77,405,651

 During FY25, approximately 882 assets were purchased. In
accordance with 2 CFR 200 requirements, physical inventory
counts of equipment must be conducted at least once every two
years and reconciled to inventory records. Currently, 96.36%
of our programs are in compliance with this requirement.

OPERATING
INCOME

$13,516,983

$22,862,976

$21,460,957

NON-OPERATING
REVENUE

$1,504,563

$1,708,449

$893,743

NET INCOME

$15,021,546

$24,571,425

$22,354,700

$22,027,758

$30,966,068

$28,615,796

$38,181,181

$32,097,797

$30,582,693

 Regularly submits audits on time with minimal
significant deficiencies noted.

Inventory and Fixed Assets

Insurance and Risk Management
 Manages insurance coverage and claims to protect tribal
assets and reduce financial and operational risk.
 Insurance coverage is maintained at 100%, with our carrier
adjusting coverage throughout the fiscal year to reflect asset
changes at no additional premium once the annual rate is
bound. Monthly asset reviews ensure all newly purchased assets
are promptly added to insurance, while claims are processed
efficiently with adjusters assigned within 48 hours and an average
resolution time of 30 days, barring external delays such as body
shop backlogs. Risk mitigation efforts include proactive property
inspections and corrections, regular fleet maintenance, use of
safer vehicle technology, and access to defensive driving training.

EXPENSES

EBITDA

PROXY
FOR CASH
GENERATED

PAYROLL &
FRINGE BENEFITS

Our Commitment
The Finance Division is dedicated to careful management of
tribal resources, transparent financial practices, and teamwork
with varying departments. By maintaining prudent financial
management and responsible practices, the Division helps
sustain tribal programs, infrastructure, and long-term growth.

During FY2024 and 2025, Shooting Star invested $19.5 million in capital
spending to maintain, improve and update our facilities.
In that same two-year period, Shooting Star has distributed over $35 million to the
White Earth tribal government, fulfilling a key mission of the gaming operations.
The renovation of the gaming floor, which started in 2023,
will be complete in the Summer of 2026.
Our guest service program (The Star Experience) was rolled out in FY2025.

6

FINANCE DIVISION

FINANCE DIVISION

7

WHITE EARTH NATION

GENERAL FUND

EXPENDITURES

GENERAL

CAPITAL OUTLAY

The FY25 Governmental Funds Report highlights how Tribal resources support essential services
across the community. The General Fund, which finances core government operations such
as general government, health services, human services, public safety, transportation, and
cultural programs, remained stable in FY25 with expenditures consistent with previous years.

GENERAL
GOVERNMENT

$10,048,751

$6,839,384

$19,742,606

A key distinction in the report is the difference between General Fund spending
and Other Government Funds, which are driven largely by grant funded programs.
These Other Funds reflect project specific activity and fluctuate based on available
external funding. In FY25, grant resources supported major components of
community services, culture and recreation, and economic development.

HEALTH SERVICES

$2,487,252

$11,851

$2,499,103

Overall, FY25 shows a strong balance between ongoing operational stability in the
General Fund and targeted, grant supported investments in Other Government
Funds — together strengthening services and opportunities for the Band.

CURRENT

EDUCATION

$21,033

HUMAN SERVICES

$1,964,097

$1,964,097

PUBLIC SAFETY

$3,474,767

$26,697

$3,501,464

CONSERVATION
OF NATURAL
RESOURCES

$2,312,114

$115,975

$2,428,089

TRANSPORTATION

$1,157,320

$126,834

$1,284,154

ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT

$20,838

$20,838

CULTURE &
RECREATION

$867,150

$867,150

COMMUNITY
SERVICES

$554,370

$554,370

PUBLIC WORKS

$754,678

TOTAL CURRENT

FINANCE DIVISION

DEBT SERVICE

$21,033

$581,072

DEBT SERVICE

8

TOTAL
GENERAL FUND

FY2025 FINANCIAL REVIEW

$23,662,370

$7,701,813

$1,335,750
$179,353

$179,353

$179,353

$34,398,007

FINANCE DIVISION

9

OTHER GOVERNMENT FUNDS

TOTAL
GOVERNMENTAL
FUND

TOTAL
OTHER FUND

EXPENDITURES

OTHER

CAPITAL OUTLAY

$214,509

$3,154,273

GENERAL
GOVERNMENT

$12,988,515

$7,053,893

$22,896,879

$42,766,950

$2,051,592

$44,818,542

HEALTH SERVICES

$45,254,202

$2,063,443

$47,317,645

EDUCATION

$8,120,698

$306,812

$8,427,510

EDUCATION

$8,141,731

$306,812

$8,448,543

HUMAN SERVICES

$41,656,332

$3,373,761

$45,030,093

HUMAN SERVICES

$43,620,429

$3,373,761

$46,994,190

PUBLIC SAFETY

$3,474,767

$26,697

$2,127,100

PUBLIC SAFETY

$5,413,318

$215,246

$5,628,564

CONSERVATION
OF NATURAL
RESOURCES

$4,813,462

$1,058,941

$5,872,403

CONSERVATION
OF NATURAL
RESOURCES

$7,125,576

$1,174,916

$8,300,492

TRANSPORTATION

$5,594,991

$2,641,935

$8,236,926

TRANSPORTATION

$6,752,311

$2,768,769

$9,521,080

ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT

$489,686

$489,686

ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT

$510,524

$510,524

CULTURE &
RECREATION

$1,887,258

$1,887,258

CULTURE &
RECREATION

$2,754,408

$2,754,408

COMMUNITY
SERVICES

$174,070

$174,070

COMMUNITY
SERVICES

$728,440

$728,440

$97,351

PUBLIC WORKS

$754,678

$1,391,021

$1,391,021

DEBT SERVICE

$1,391,021

$121,706,233

TOTAL CURRENT

EXPENDITURES

OTHER

CAPITAL OUTLAY

GENERAL
GOVERNMENT

$2,939,764

HEALTH SERVICES

CURRENT

PUBLIC WORKS

TOTAL CURRENT

DEBT SERVICE

$97,351

DEBT SERVICE

10

TOTAL GOVERNMENT FUNDS

$110,381,762

FINANCE DIVISION

$9,933,450

CURRENT

$134,044,132

DEBT SERVICE

$678,423

$17,635,263

$1,433,101
$1,570,374

$1,570,374

$1,570,374

$156,104,240

FINANCE DIVISION

11

ADDITION, REMODEL, & IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS
OSHKI MANIDOO — DOSING CLINIC REMODEL & ADDITION
The Oshki Manidoo Dosing Center Remodel & Addition consisted of the remodel of an
existing one-story, 4,500 SF clinical dosing center, located at the Oshki Manidoo Campus
in Bemidji, MN. The work included new interior finishes, ceiling work, and new wall
construction. The new addition was approximately 1,580 SF of new construction, consisting
of additional office spaces required to better serve clients. EAPC Architects Engineers was
the project architect. Work was performed by Christensen Construction of Bemidji, MN.
WHITE EARTH TRIBAL HEALTH DEPARTMENT —
BEHAVIORAL HEALTH ADMIN WING REMODEL
The White Earth Tribal Health Department — Behavioral Health Admin Wing Remodel was a
minor interior remodeling to improve the flow of clientele and increase confidentiality within the
south wing of the Tribal Health Building. The project consisted of carpentry, flooring, mechanical,
and electrical work. Bevins Enterprises of Ogema, MN, and Design 2 Sell of Detroit Lakes, MN
performed the work on this project. White Earth Builders served as Construction Manager.
WHITE EARTH TRIBAL HEALTH DEPARTMENT —
FLOOD REPAIRS & RENOVATION
In Spring of 2024, the lower-level of the White Earth Tribal Health Department experienced
flooding due to a broken pipe. While the facility underwent construction to repair the
portions of the building that were damaged by water, the program decided to also
upgrade the finishes in the upper-level and fitness area. This project consisted of the
demolition of water damaged walls and flooring, carpentry, drywall, acoustical ceiling tile
replacement, paint and electrical work. Work was performed by White Earth Facilities,
Bevin’s Enterprises, F-M Flooring, K & D Electric, Comstock Construction, CoBuilt
Construction, Hoban’s Plumbing & Heating, and Design 2 Sell. White Earth Builders and the
White Earth Contracting Department served as construction manager for the project.
CIRCLE OF LIFE ACADEMY — DEFICIENCIES
The White Earth Contracting Department assisted the Circle of Life Academy in
the correction of several building deficiencies throughout the Facility. The work
included the replacement of existing concrete slabs and walk-ways, installation of
new commercial grease hoods in two classrooms, the installation of new doors and
frames, and new flooring in the entry vestibule and corridor. Work was performed by
Gordon Construction, Ellingsons Plumbing Heating, A/C & Electrical, and F-M Flooring.
The White Earth Contracting Department served as Construction Manager.
WHITE EARTH HEALTH CENTER — EXPANSION & RENOVATION
The White Earth Health Center — Expansion & Renovation project consisted of approximately
35,800 SF of renovated spaces, and 34,700 SF of new construction to the south of the

12

FINANCE DIVISION

existing facility. This project included the renovation or addition of the following departments;
Primary Care, Lobby, Pharmacy, Dental, Physical Therapy, Lab, Business Offices, Behavioral
Health, and Imaging. Work was performed by Ace Electric & Lighting, The Caulkers Co,
Cons Masonry, Gordon Construction, Henry Schein, Herzog Roofing, I’ll Tile & Stone,
Multiple Concepts Interiors, Nova Fire Protection, Peterson Sheet Metal, RC Smith, Red River
Glazing, and Skold Companies. The facility was designed by EAPC Architects Engineers.
ELDER HOME REPAIR — PHASE II
The Elder Home Repair — Phase II project consists of the remedying of miscellaneous
issues in the homes of Tribal Elders in need. Work has included but is not limited to; new
asphalt shingles, siding; windows, doors, furnaces, water heaters, etc. Individuals receiving
assistance through this program were selected by Tribal Leadership, and vetted through
an application process. Work has been performed by numerous local contractors.
NAYTAHWAUSH CHILD CARE — SITE IMPROVEMENTS
The Naytahwaush Child Care — Site Improvement project included new asphalt
parking lot paving to better serve the childcare staff and clients. Also included in
this project was a new concrete pad, dumpster enclosure and bearproof dumpster
to deter the resident black bear! Work was performed by Gordon Construction
of Mahnomen MN. White Earth Builders served as construction manager.
PINE POINT ICW REMODEL
The Pine Point ICW Office located at the Pine Point Community Center underwent
minor interior remodel to improve the flow of clientele and increase confidentiality
within the spaces. Work was performed by John Annette Construction. White
Earth Finance — Contracting Department served at construction manager.
WHITE EARTH FISHERIES DEPARTMENT —
REMODEL & FILTRATION SYSTEM UPGRADES
The White Earth Fisheries Department at Ice Cracking Lake received interior remodel work
to the existing hatchery building, office spaces, and garage to better serve the program.
The water filtration system was also upgraded to reduce iron saturation in the holding
tanks for fry. Work consisted of carpentry, new flooring and interior doors, concrete,
mechanical & electrical upgrades. The garage received spray foam insulation and a new
heating system. Work was performed by Ellingson Plumbing Heating A/C & Electrical,
Bergstrom Electric, Gordon Construction, Advanced Foam Solutions, Bessler Electric, and
Lindsay’s Crystal Pure Water. White Earth Builders served as construction manager.
WHITE EARTH CHILD CARE — MODULAR RELOCATION & REMODEL
The existing White Earth Child Care building was relocated to the east of the new White
Earth Child Care Facility to serve as the library. The interior was remodeled to accommodate
this new use. New flooring was installed, drywall patching, new paint throughout, and minor
mechanical and electrical upgrades. Work was performed by Gerke Structural Movers,

FINANCE DIVISION

13

Bevins Enterprises, Ellingson Plumbing Heating A/C & Electrical, Gordon Construction,
Hoban’s Plumbing & Heating, and I’ll Tile and Stone. Construction Management
services were provided by the White Earth Finance ­— Contracting Department.
NAYTAHWAUSH MOMS/MATS WATER DAMAGE REPAIRS
In February 2025, the MOM/MATS Facility in Naytahwaush suffered water damage from
a sprinkler head leak. Drywall, paint, and acoustical ceiling tile repairs were performed
by Saw & Fixed It Remodeling. White Earth Builders served as construction manager.
WHITE EARTH FAMILY TREATMENT —
OUTPATIENT KITCHEN REMODEL
The White Earth Family Treatment — Outpatient Kitchen Remodel was a complete
renovation and equipment upgrade to an existing commercial kitchen, located within
the main facility at the White Earth Family Treatment campus near Strawberry Lake.
Work was performed by Bessler Electric, Bevin’s Enterprises, Dick’s Plumbing & Heating,
Gordon Construction, and Multiple Concepts Interiors. Horizon Equipment provided
the new kitchen equipment. YHR Partners provided the project design, and White
Earth Finance — Contracting Department served at the construction manager.

DEMOLITION PROJECTS
ELBOW LAKE BOYS & GIRLS CLUB — DEMOLITION
In Spring of 2023, the existing Elbow Lake Boys & Girls Club experienced water damage due to
a broken pipe, which resulted in a significant mold issue. The existing building was demolished
in preparation for the new facility, arriving in Spring of 2026. Work was performed by Gordon
Construction of Mahnomen, MN. White Earth Builders served as construction manager.
206 & 210 MAIN STREET MAHNOMEN — DEMOLITION
The existing dilapidated buildings located at 206, and 210 Main Street in Mahnomen,
MN were demolished in preparation for potential future development.

NEW CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
JACK HAW MEN’S ACUTE CARE — GENERATOR
The Jack Haw Men’s Acute Care — Generator project included the supply and installation of
a complete generator system to serve as back-up power for the Jack Haw Men’s Acute Care
Campus. This campus serves up to 32 clients, housed in two resident cabins. There are two
additional buildings including an administration cabin with kitchen and gathering spaces, as well
as offices for support staff. This work was performed by Bergstrom Electric, of Grand Forks, ND.
The facility was designed by YHR Partners. White Earth Builders served as construction manager.

14

FINANCE DIVISION

WHITE EARTH TRANSIT FACILITY
The White Earth Transit Facility is a new 16,300 SF pre-engineered metal building being
constructed to house the White Earth Transit Authority operations. The project includes a
large garage to house transit buses, space to perform servicing, and a wash bay. The staff
area will contain offices, breakroom, meeting room, dispatch center, and transit waiting area.
A groundbreaking ceremony was held in May of 2025, and the project is scheduled to be
completed in Summer of 2026. Work is being performed by Ace Electric & Lighting, Bevins
Enterprises, Con’s Masonry, Clarity Glass, Dow Acoustics, Escape Fire Protection, First City
Caulking, Gordon Construction, Haataja Contracting, I’ll Tile & Stone, North Country OH
Door, N/S Corporation, Richard Dingman Inc, and Shannon’s Inc. The facility was designed
by EAPC Architects Engineers. White Earth Builders is serving as construction manager.
WHITE EARTH CHILD CARE FACILITY
The White Earth Child Care Facility is a newly constructed childcare facility in the village
of White Earth, to serve the community’s youth. The facility is approximately 10,000 SF,
and consists of classrooms, offices, meeting rooms, and common spaces. Work was
performed by Bergstrom Electric, Bevins Enterprises, Clarity Glass, Con’s Masonry,
Design 2 Sell, Dick’s Plumbing & Heating, Dow Acoustics, First City Caulking, Gordon
Construction, ML Beasley Roofing, Multiple Concepts, Nova Fire Protection, and Skold
Companies. The facility was designed by DSGW Architects, and construction management
services were provided by the White Earth Finance — Contracting Department.
ELDER TINY HOMES — DISTRICTS I, II, & III
The Elder Tiny Homes project included constructing tiny home villages throughout the
White Earth Reservation to house Tribal Elders. There were 10 tiny homes set in the
village of Rice Lake, four in White Earth, six in Naytahwaush, and two in the village of Pine
Point. The manufactured homes were constructed by Dynamic Homes of Detroit Lakes.
Sitework, concrete, and button-up procedures were performed by Gordon Construction,
Rigid Excavating, A2 Excavating. Lee Plumbing & Heating, Pemberton Homes, Clark’s
Electrical, Bergstrom Electric, and Hoban’s Plumbing & Heating. White Earth Builders
served as construction manager on the project. These homes have been occupied through
an application process that is administered by property manager Optima Development.
WHITE EARTH FAMILY TREATMENT — FOUR PLEX(S)
The White Earth Family Treatment — Four Plex(s) project consisted of the new
construction of two single-story, slab-on-grade Four Plex units to serve as temporary
housing for up to eight families receiving services at the White Earth Family
Treatment campus near Strawberry Lake. Work was performed by Bessler Electric,
Bevins Enterprises, Clarity Glass, Co-Built Construction, First City Caulking, Gordon
Construction, Lee’s Plumbing & Heating, and Ramsey Flooring. The facility was designed
by YHR Partners, and White Earth Builders served as the construction manager.

FINANCE DIVISION

15

FUTURE PROJECTS IN DESIGN/
PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE
RIDGEWAY APARTMENTS

Bemidji, MN

JOINT FORESTRY & WILDLAND FACILITY

Naytahwaush, MN

CALLAWAY BOYS & GIRLS CLUB

Callaway, MN

ELBOW LAKE BOYS & GIRLS CLUB

Modular Building

WHITE EARTH FAMILY TREATMENT

Ogema, MN

OSHKI MANIDOO

Bemidji, MN

WHITE EARTH WITHDRAWAL MANAGEMENT FACILITY

Mahnomen, MN

NAYTAHWAUSH FOOD SHELF REMODEL

Naytahwaush, MN

NATURAL RESOURCES OFFICE

Naytahwaush, MN

CLIFTON PLACE

Minneapolis, MN

OUTPATIENT FACILITY ROOF RENOVATION

WOMEN’S & CHILDREN’S LODGE

THIRD FLOOR & ROOF REMODEL

KEY ENROLLMENT
& FINANCIAL
STATISTICS
The White Earth Nation is the largest of the six bands under the Minnesota
Chippewa Tribe in geographical size and population. The Enrollment and
Vital Statistics team is available to assist individuals who are already enrolled
or are seeking enrollment into the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe.

Enrollment Coordinator
 Shannon Heisler (Tribal Affiliation, enrolled White Earth member): As the
Enrollment Coordinator for the White Earth Nation, Shannon assists members and
applicants in the largest of the six Minnesota Chippewa Tribe bands by population.

Membership
 Total Members (March 18, 2026): 16,884, with 1,166 minors.
 Recent Growth: 175 new members added from October 2024 through January 2026.
 Descendant Fees: White Earth RBC waived fees for Descendancy from January
2026 through July 12, 2026, resulting in over 200 completed descendant requests.

Payments
 Safety & Health Payments: $300 payments were issued
to 8,176 members in December 2025.
• Nelson Timber Payments: For minor members enrolled by
October 2012, upon turning 18, with completion by 2030.
• ARPA Minor Payments: For those minor members enrolled by
July 2024, upon turning 18, with completion by 2042.

16

FINANCE DIVISION

ENROLLMENTS

17

INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY

D E PA R T M E N T

MAIN PHONE

218-983-4658

EMAIL

whiteearth.helpdesk@whiteearth-nsn.gov

SUPPORT SITE

helpdesk.whiteearth.com

MONTE BELLANGER

White Earth Nation, Tribal Affiliation
Enrolled Member of White Earth Nation

SCOTT SCHERMERHORN

White Earth Nation, Tribal Affiliation
Descendant of White Earth Nation

IT DIRECTOR

IT MANAGER

18

The White Earth Nation Information Technology (IT) Department provides technology services
and support for Tribal Government divisions, Tribal Health, and Urban offices. Our mission is
to ensure that all technology systems are secure, reliable, and aligned with the needs of White
Earth Nation so programs can effectively deliver services to Tribal members and the community.
The IT Department installs, manages, and maintains all information technology systems
across the Nation. This includes network infrastructure, servers, computers, mobile devices,
applications, and cloud services. IT also provides cybersecurity, information security
oversight, helpdesk services, and end-user support for all Tribal divisions. All technology
purchasing, including computers, printers, servers, and core systems, is coordinated
through the IT Department to ensure security, compatibility, and cost efficiency.
The IT Department is structured into functional areas including Helpdesk & End-User
Support, Applications, Systems & Infrastructure, Networking, and Cybersecurity. In addition
to supporting Tribal Government and Health, IT works collaboratively with other Tribal entities
to provide guidance, modernization support, and training when possible. The department
also assists with technology education and training for Tribal members upon request.
BY THE NUMBERS
 Number of users supported: 1,256 + users supported
 Number of devices managed (computers, phones, tablets): 2,000 + managed devices
 Number of sites or buildings supported: 41 sites / buildings
IT DIVISION UPDATE
 Continued network infrastructure upgrades across Tribal buildings, including
upgraded switches, wireless access points, and improved network segmentation

DIVISION

White Earth Nation IT Department

ADDRESS

35500 Eagle View Rd, Ogema, MN 56569

LOCATION

White Earth RTC Building (IT Garage)

 Reviewed and improved internet service plans across multiple Tribal facilities
to reduce costs while increasing available bandwidth and reliability

HOURS OF OPERATION

Monday – Friday
7:30am – 4:30pm + (On-call for 24/7 programs)

 Deployed the White Earth Nation Mobile App on both iOS and Android
platforms to improve access to Tribal information, updates, and services

DIRECTOR

Monte Bellanger

 Expanded development of electronic forms (e-forms) to make it
easier for Tribal members and programs to submit applications and
requests, reducing paperwork and improving efficiency

CONTACT

Monte.Bellanger@whiteearth-nsn.gov

PHONE

218-983-4658

I N F O R M AT I O N T E C H N O L O G Y

 Modernized systems and server infrastructure, increasing system
reliability, performance, and disaster recovery readiness
 Strengthened cybersecurity posture through expanded multi-factor authentication, device
compliance enforcement, conditional access policies, and ongoing security monitoring

 Continued development of IT governance, cybersecurity, and data protection policies to
support Tribal data sovereignty, compliance requirements, and long-term sustainability
 Provided ongoing IT support and modernization assistance to Tribal programs,
health services, education, housing, and other affiliated Tribal entities

I N F O R M AT I O N T E C H N O L O G Y

19

HELPDESK ACTIVITY FOR 2025

KPI

VALUE

TOTAL NUMBER OF RESOLVED TICKETS

2,861

AVERAGE RESOLUTION TIME

16.70 h

AVERAGE RESPONSE TIME

19.52 h

AVERAGE WORK EFFORT TO RESOLVE TICKETS

38.00 min

HEALTH
DIVISION

BACKLOG OF TICKETS

48

FAMILY, COMMUNITY, AND CLINICAL SERVICES

% OF TICKETS RESOLVED WITHIN TARGET TIME

84.36 %

% OF TICKETS RESOLVED BY 1ST LINE SUPPORT

2.07 %

FIRST TIME RIGHT RESOLUTION

94.81 %

LOOKING AHEAD
The IT Department will continue focusing on modernization, cybersecurity, and Tribal
data sovereignty while building systems to support program growth, grant funded
initiatives, and Tribal self determination. Priorities moving forward include expanding
digital services, strengthening redundancy and disaster recovery, finalizing IT policies, and
ensuring technology remains a strong foundation for White Earth Nation operations.

 Monte Bellanger: IT Director

 Dylan McArthur: Helpdesk Specialist

 Scott Schermerhorn: IT Manager

 Ian Stech: Applications Analyst

 Don Heisler: Tribal Health IT Manager

 Dennis Hisgun Jr: IT Project Coordinator

 William Stone: Interim
Senior IT Technician

 Jesse Fain: Systems Administrator

 Emily Olsen: IT Technician

 Jacob McGrath: Security Administrator

 Sheldon Burnette: IT Technician
 Brad Riggle: IT Technician

 Susie Snetsinger: Computer
Management Analyst in NTW

 Zander McGrath: Helpdesk Specialist

 Digide Johnson: Urban Office IT

I N F O R M AT I O N T E C H N O L O G Y

The White Earth Tribal Health Division is committed to improving the health and wellbeing of the White Earth Nation through comprehensive, culturally grounded, and
community-driven services. Our division delivers a wide range of programs that support
individuals and families across the lifespan — from prenatal care and early childhood
services to elder support, emergency response, public health, and long-term care.
Guided by Anishinaabe values and a holistic understanding of wellness, Tribal Health
works to promote prevention, strengthen access to care, and respond to the diverse
and evolving needs of our community. Through collaboration, innovation, and dedicated
staff, the division strives to reduce health disparities, enhance quality of life, and
ensure that services are delivered with respect, dignity, and cultural integrity.
This report highlights the scope, impact, and achievements of Tribal Health Division
programs. It reflects the collective efforts of our teams to support healthy families,
resilient communities, and a stronger future for the White Earth Nation.
TRIBAL HOME VISITING PROGRAM (NFP & PAT)

IT STAFF

20

2025
PROGRAM
REPORT

 Keith Frohman: Network Administrator

The Tribal Home Visiting Program provides family-centered support to families
residing on the reservation from the prenatal period through kindergarten
entry. Services are delivered through Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)
nursing visits and Parents as Teachers (PAT) home visiting services.
During the reporting period, the program served 161 families and 167
children, completing 2,285 home visits, including 2,110 NFP visits and 175
PAT visits. The program celebrated 16 family graduates, reflecting sustained
engagement and progress toward family stability and child well-being.
SMART MOVES PROGRAM
Smart Moves is a family-based wellness program promoting healthy lifestyle habits, nutrition

H E A LT H

21

education, physical activity, and parent support. A six-week pilot served five children from
three families, followed by a 12-week session completed by eight children from four families.
ANGER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
The Anger Management Program delivered 178 sessions and engaged 173 unduplicated
individuals. 24 participants successfully completed the full 10-week curriculum.
TRIBAL PUBLIC HEALTH
White Earth Nation Tribal Public Health is dedicated to protecting and promoting
the health of the community through prevention-focused, culturally grounded, and
community-driven approaches. The mission of Tribal Public Health is to promote
wiikwazom (wellness), prevent gibichichige (disease), and protect gagawendan
(health) in a way that honors Anishinaabe culture, values, and ways of knowing.
Over the past year, Tribal Public Health recorded more than 20,000 visits to fitness
centers and physical activity programming, supporting community members
in maintaining active, healthy lifestyles. Services extended beyond physical
activity to include 29 podiatry clinics, addressing foot health and mobility needs
that are critical for chronic disease management and overall wellness.
Tribal Public Health hosted and supported numerous large-scale community events, including
MMIWR and Heart Health events, Women’s and Men’s Night Out, and a Diabetes Conference,
creating opportunities for education, awareness, and community connection. Health
education efforts also reached youth through the delivery of Our Health Is Sacred teachings
in three schools, reinforcing prevention messages and healthy behaviors early in life.
On average, Tribal Public Health coordinated approximately 15 community events per month
across multiple sites. These activities included lifestyle and disease prevention classes,
farmers markets, the Great American Smokeout, cooking classes, family-focused events
such as movie nights, diabetes education activities, and sewing clinics. These offerings
support both physical and social well-being while strengthening community engagement.
Additional programming included weekly
Baaga’adowewin activities, a Premier
Lacrosse League community trip, archery
programming, multiple health fairs,
Elder painting workshops, community
entertainment events, and a Community
Picnic Bike Program. Tribal Public Health
also collaborated with multiple programs
to provide canoe and kayak safety training,
National Night Out, and other communitybased safety and wellness initiatives.

22

H E A LT H

To enhance hands-on and interactive health education, Tribal Public Health utilized inflatable
brain, heart, lung, and colon exhibits, bringing these tools directly into communities across
the reservation. These exhibits provided accessible, engaging education on chronic disease
prevention and overall health in a way that resonates with community members of all ages.
Tribal Public Health has successfully completed and submitted all required documentation
for Public Health Accreditation and is currently awaiting final approval. This milestone
represents a significant achievement and reflects the department’s commitment to excellence,
accountability, and continuous quality improvement. Once finalized, accreditation will further
strengthen public health services on the White Earth Reservation by enhancing program
quality, increasing access to resources and funding opportunities, strengthening partnerships,
and supporting sustainable, high-quality health initiatives for generations to come.
WHITE EARTH AMBULANCE SERVICES
White Earth Ambulance provides 24-hour emergency medical services, staffing
two ambulances around the clock. The department employs 25 staff members
and responds to an average of 90 emergency 911 calls per month.
TRIBAL HOME HEALTH SERVICES
White Earth Tribal Home Health provides essential, community-based clinical services
that support individuals and families in remaining safe, healthy, and independent in their
homes. Services focus on assessing health needs, coordinating care, and delivering
skilled nursing and supportive services across the White Earth Reservation.
Home Health nurses provide in-home assessments, skilled interventions, care
coordination, and health education, working closely with caregivers, primary care
providers, and community partners to promote continuity of care and overall wellbeing. These services are especially critical for Elders, individuals with chronic
conditions, and those with limited access to transportation or clinical settings.
Tribal Home Health maintains a caseload of approximately 281 clients, supported
by a multidisciplinary clinical team of 23 Registered Nurses (RNs) and four
Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs). Over the past year, the program received
122 referrals, reflecting ongoing demand for in-home nursing services.
Over the past year, RNs completed 11,480 skilled nursing visits, while LPNs completed 1,326
visits, totaling 12,806 skilled nursing visits. These visits included chronic disease management,
medication administration and monitoring, wound care, post-hospital follow-up, and health
education. Missed visits (688 total) were primarily due to weather or client availability; in all cases,
primary care providers were notified and visits were rescheduled to ensure continuity of care.
Home Health Aide services provide vital daily living support to clients who require assistance
to remain safely in their homes. The program maintained a caseload of approximately 46 clients
and completed 1,395 home health aide visits. These services help reduce caregiver burden,
support independence, and prevent unnecessary hospitalizations or long-term care placement.

H E A LT H

23

Tribal Home Health also provides school nursing services through four dedicated staff,
serving students in Waubun-Ogema-White Earth, Mahnomen, and Circle of Life Academy
(COLA). School nurses and aides support student health through assessment, care
coordination, chronic condition management, and response to acute health needs.
Through skilled nursing, home health aide services, and schoolbased care, Tribal Home Health plays a critical role in:
 Supporting safe aging in place
 Reducing avoidable emergency department visits and hospitalizations
 Strengthening coordination between clinical, home-based, and community services
 Increasing access to care for individuals with mobility, transportation, or health barriers
Tribal Home Health is a cornerstone of the White Earth Tribal Health
Division, providing compassionate, high-quality care that brings essential
health services directly to community members in their homes.
COMMUNITY HEALTH REPRESENTATIVE
(CHR) / TRANSPORTATION
The CHR/Transportation Program improves access to medical care through transportation
and health support services. From October 2024 through December 2025, staff traveled
438,195 miles, completed 5,703 contacts, and conducted 5,567 home visits.
ELDER NUTRITION PROGRAM (ENP)
ENP supports Elder wellness and social connection through culturally
meaningful events. In 2025, approximately 320 Elders attended the Annual
Picnic and over 430 Elders attended the Christmas Celebration.
HARM REDUCTION SERVICES
Harm Reduction services play a vital role within the White Earth Tribal Health Division
by reaching community members who may not otherwise engage in traditional health
systems. By prioritizing dignity, choice, and nonjudgmental support, the program reduces
barriers to care and fosters long-term engagement with health and wellness services.
The welcoming and culturally responsive environment cultivated within Harm
Reduction spaces allows clients to build trust with staff, which often serves as an entry
point to additional Tribal Health and community-based services. This relationshipbased approach supports early intervention, improves follow-through with referrals,
and strengthens overall care coordination across the Tribal Health system.
Harm Reduction also contributes to workforce resilience and system responsiveness.
Through close collaboration with Wellness Mental Health Practitioner, Harm

24

H E A LT H

Reduction supports both clients and Tribal Health staff in navigating complex
situations, ensuring individuals receive appropriate support while staff have
access to consultation and assistance when addressing challenging cases.
By combining safety-focused services, cultural connection, wellness integration,
and continued engagement during periods of transition — including incarceration —
the Harm Reduction Program enhances continuity of care, strengthens community
trust, and supports healthier outcomes for individuals and families.
LONG-TERM SERVICES & SUPPORTS (LTSS)
The Long-Term Services & Supports (LTSS) Team at White Earth Tribal Health plays a
critical role in supporting Elders and adults with disabilities by ensuring access to in-home
and community-based services that promote safety, independence, and quality of life.
Following statewide changes implemented by the State of Minnesota, the former Personal
Care Assistance (PCA) program transitioned to Community First Services and Supports
(CFSS). Throughout this transition, the LTSS Team has actively worked to educate
members about the new CFSS program, explain how changes impact services, and assist
individuals in connecting with consultation service providers. Staff continue to provide
ongoing education, answer questions, and support members in communicating with
consultation providers to ensure continuity of care and minimize service disruption.
LTSS staff completed a total of 347 assessments, which included both new service referrals
and annual reassessments for current clients. Assessments were conducted for individuals
receiving services through Medical Assistance programs such as PCA/CFSS and waiver
services, as well as for community members receiving services through White Earth Nation
regardless of pay source. This includes individuals receiving services such as Life Alert and
Meals on Wheels through White Earth Nation programs, including contract health clients.

H E A LT H

25

In addition to assessment activities, LTSS staff completed 210 face-to-face visits with clients.
These visits occur outside of formal assessments and reflect the hands-on, relationshipbased nature of LTSS services. Face-to-face visits include, but are not limited to:
 Delivering supplies or equipment
 Installing or troubleshooting Life Alert units
 Assisting with financial or service-related paperwork
 Responding to requests for additional services
 Supporting clients with phone calls related to CFSS
compliance or health coverage questions
 Conducting wellness check-ins and follow-up support
Together, LTSS staff completed a total of 557 client encounters during this period,
demonstrating a high level of direct engagement and individualized support.
Through advocacy, education, and consistent outreach, the LTSS Team helps ensure members
receive the services they need to remain safely supported in their homes and communities.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SERVICES
White Earth Tribal Health maintains an internal IT Department supporting electronic
health records, network infrastructure, system security, and staff technical support.
LEADERSHIP RECOGNITION
Lindsi Darco, White Earth Tribal Health Director was recognized by the Bemidji Area
Indian Health Service with the Director’s Award for exemplary service and leadership.

HUMAN
RESOURCES
DIVISION

2025
HIGHLIGHTS

The Human Resources Division remained focused on promoting a culture
of care, wellness, and a healthy work environment to improve the employee
experience. It is Human Resources’ goal to take care of our employees so
they in turn take care of our Tribe, our communities, and our people.
HUMAN RESOURCES STATS
 1225 Employees
• 72% of our workforce is Native American
• 28% of our workforce is Non-Native
 Out of 1225 employees, 125 of our employees are at a Director/Manager Level
• 82.5% of our leaders are Native American
• 17.5% of our leaders are Non-Native
This is important that we lead the way in ensuring we are promoting
our Native Preference Policy and employing our people.
These numbers are a true reflection that in comparison to other
Tribal Nations we again are the frontrunners.

26

H E A LT H

HUMAN RESOURCES

27

 Professionalism

 Financial Counseling

 Employee Performance Statements

 Safety Training-Incident Reporting

 Active Listening Skills

 Healthy Workplace Boundaries

 Leading Effective Meetings

 Accountability

 Time Management

 Chain of Command

 Project Management

 Stay Interview Training

 Departmental Investigations

 Rebuilding Native Nations

 Onboarding New Employees

 Generational Differences in the Workplace

WHITE EARTH
LAND
SETTLEMENT

 Conflict Resolution and Mediation

 Wage Analysis Training

AS AMENDED (WELSA)

 Rewards and Recognition

 Golden Rules of Leadership Training

 Workplace Harassment

 Customer and Client Service

In 1995, the White Earth Tribal Council would acquire the allowable duties for
the implementation of the WELSA Act. Although, the program has remained
physically in proximity of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), it was due to those
duties that criss-cross with the BIA and the access to Federal Files.

LEADERSHIP TRAINING
Directors and Managers have had training with a Leadership 11:11 Series to include:

 Cultural Sensitivity Training
EMPLOYMENT
 Wage Surveys to ensure competitive wages
 Focus on Growth and Development by tiering job descriptions
for upward mobility within Divisions
 Regular HR Auditing
 Focus on accuracy of records
 Department specific onboarding
PILOT PROJECTS AND POLICY UPDATES
 Policy Handbook Completion and in final stage of review and approval
HR EMPLOYEE’S COMMITTEE AND COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
 Cultural Committee
 Benefits Committee
 Fisheries Committee
 White Earth Housing Authority
 White Earth Rediscovery Board
 MMCDC
 White Earth Investment Initiative
 Tribal Utility Commission

ACT OF 1985

The WELSA Department monthly responsibilities include the completion of PostTaking-of-Land and Pre-Taking-of-Land (Trust) Heirship Determination (probates),
Monetary Compensation Disbursements, and assessment of Valid Claims.
The Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA) is the authorized representative for the
Secretary of the Interior. OHA has the purpose of hearing, considering, and deciding
matters within the jurisdiction of the Department involving hearings, appeals, and
other review functions of the Secretary. The decedent’s heirs are determined under the
Minnesota inheritance laws of intestate succession in effect on March 26, 1986.
A notable accomplishment in the year 2025 was the proficiency of the WELSA
Staff to issue Compensation Award Letters to 2,729 Claimants. This is significant
because the Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA) did not issue any Final Orders
(Final Orders initiate the payment process). OHA did not issue Final Orders due
to the Government Shutdown and New Probate Regulation Appeal Periods.
The WELSA Staff were diligent in their efforts to research and make assessments
to proceed toward payments. The use of existing and available Final Orders
resulted in numerous payment entries for several levels of inheritance.
The WELSA Data Graph demonstrates productivity for the WELSA department for the
last three years. As the employees strive to improve productivity through new or updated
procedures, it is always in the best interest for descendants of original White Earth Allotees.
This will conclude the 2025 WELSA Report.
Miigwech!

28

HUMAN RESOURCES

WELSA

29

WELSA DATA

Probate/OHA

OHA/Final

Claimants

3863

4000
3800
3600
3400
3200
3000

2729

2800
2600

2025
OVERVIEW

The White Earth Public Safety Department remains one of the most essential components
of safety and stability for the White Earth Nation. In 2025, the department responded to:

2400
2200

 18,813 calls for service

2000

 10,660 calls handled directly by White Earth Police Officers

1800

 56.6% of all calls for service managed by WEPD

1576

1400

These calls ranged from routine assistance to the most serious emergencies,
demonstrating the department’s critical role in protecting the community.

1200

Across all agencies, 4,041 police cases were recorded in 2025.

1600

1000

White Earth Police handled 2,996 cases, representing 74% of
all law enforcement activity on the reservation.

800
600
400
200

177

0

199
2023

PUBLIC SAFETY PERSONNEL

166

133
2024

152

Public Safety is staffed by:

0
2025

PROBATE/OHA

 22 Police Officers

 2 DMV Staff

 6 Dispatchers

 1 Animal Control Officer

 2 Officer Support Personnel

 34 Security Division Personnel

The WELSA Probate Technicians have completed & issued
to the Office of Hearings & Appeals (OHA).

These individuals provide essential services across every
community within the White Earth Nation.

OHA/FINAL

DRUG ENFORCEMENT & LIVES SAVED

The number of Final Orders issued by the Administrative Judge. Final
Orders are legal decisions that determine an heir in an estate.

CLAIMANTS

An individual/heir entitled to inherit from one or more heirship levels. For example;
you may inherit from both parents and your sibling (who is single without issue).
So you would be considered a claimant to three separate heirship levels.

30

PUBLIC SAFETY
DIVISION

WELSA

Significant narcotics seizures in 2025 included:
 281.8 g cocaine

 1413.23 g methamphetamine

 2440.775 g fentanyl powder

 39.96 g other narcotics

 878 fentanyl pills

 105.5 narcotic dosage units

The fentanyl seized equates to over 244,078 potentially lethal doses.

PUBLIC SAFETY

31

Even if only one percent reached the community, more than
2,000 fatal overdoses could have occurred.

 Donuts with a Cop: Officers visited elementary schools, handed out donuts,
read with students, and built positive relationships with youth.

Estimated street value of all drugs seized: $689,308.

 Bike Safety Events: Youth received safety education, and
drawings were held for bicycles and helmets.

In 2025, Public Safety removed:

 National Night Out — Full Day Event: Officers and dispatchers visited every
community, handed out root beer floats, and held youth prize drawings.

 27 firearms from circulation
 $123,443.00 in U.S. currency seized or entered as evidence
These actions disrupted criminal activity and reduced threats to community safety.
ANIMAL CONTROL DIVISION
The Animal Control Division, staffed by one officer, continued
to support community health and safety:
 500+ animals served through clinics
 42 pallets of pet food distributed
 350 animals placed with rescue partners
 Hosted the Indigenous Animal Health & Wellbeing Gathering with national participation
DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLE (DMV)
DMV staff processed:
 5,903 transactions
 $215,052.55 in revenue
DMV staff also traveled across the state to provide licensing and registration services to enrolled
members unable to travel to White Earth, ensuring access to essential services for all members.
GRANT FUNDING
Two major grants strengthened Public Safety operations in 2025:
 $250,000 De-escalation Grant
• Provides training for officers, security staff, and other personnel
 $898,501 Equipment Grant
 Supports the purchase of squad cars and essential police equipment
These grants enhance readiness, training, and long term safety.
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
Public Safety staff participated in a wide range of community events throughout 2025,
reinforcing trust and strengthening relationships across the reservation. Along with
other divisions, WEPD attended community picnics, powwows, and National Night
Out gatherings, showing our continued commitment to being present, accessible, and
engaged. Community policing remains a core belief of WEPD, and these events reflect
our dedication to building strong, lasting partnerships with the people we serve.

32

PUBLIC SAFETY

 Powwow Engagement: Officers attended powwows across the
reservation, providing security and engaging with community
members through friendly games of cornhole or bags.
 Community Picnics: We attended along with all divisions’ community picnics, spending
time with families and community members in every district. These gatherings gave
Public Safety staff the chance to answer questions, listen to concerns, and build
positive relationships. We believe in community policing, and these picnics help
keep our officers visible, approachable, and connected to the people we serve.
 Community Safety Presentations:
Topics included drug awareness,
internet safety, elder protection,
and emergency preparedness.
 School & Youth Program Support: Officers
attended school sports, youth programs,
and after school activities, serving as
mentors and positive role models.
 Community Walks & Visibility Patrols:
Increased foot patrols at events and
gatherings helped deter crime and create
opportunities for positive engagement.
These activities demonstrate Public Safety’s
commitment to building relationships,
supporting youth, and strengthening the
social fabric of the White Earth Nation.
CLOSING STATEMENT
The White Earth Public Safety Department
remains a cornerstone of safety, stability, and
community well-being. Through thousands
of calls for service, major drug and firearm
seizures, lifesaving interventions, and meaningful
community engagement, Public Safety continues
to protect families, support communities, and
uphold the sovereignty of the White Earth Nation.

PUBLIC SAFETY

33

BEHAVIORAL
HEALTH
White Earth Behavioral Health (WEBH) is continuing to grow into a strong, tribally guided
system of care that supports healing, resilience, and long-term well-being for our relatives. Our
work is grounded in Anishinaabe teachings and values, guided by harm reduction and dignitycentered care, and carried forward through local leadership and accountability. Many of these
services are delivered and strengthened through our Tribe’s ongoing service responsibilities
and systems work connected to our Title I (638) relationship with Indian Health Service (IHS)
supporting local control and a coordinated approach to care that reflects our community’s needs.
A YEAR OF SERVICE, STABILITY, AND GROWTH
In 2025, WEBH’s team of over 400 employees supported more than 2,859 clients through
mental health services, substance use disorder treatment, recovery support, cultural
services, crisis response, and community-based outreach. This number represents more
than service volume reflects relatives choosing to seek support, staying connected, and
building steps toward wellness. It also reflects staff showing up every day across programs
and communities to keep care consistent, accessible, and culturally grounded.
Our services are intentionally built as a continuum. That means WEBH is not just
one program or one building. It is a coordinated system that supports people at
different points in life whether someone needs help right away during a crisis, ongoing
outpatient counseling, structured substance use treatment, recovery supports, familybased services, or cultural connection that strengthens identity and belonging.
YOUTH AND FAMILY SUPPORTS THAT BUILD STRONG FUTURES
Youth services remained a major part of our work. The White Earth Boys &
Girls Club continued to serve youth across seven communities. In one reporting
snapshot, the program reached 940 registered youth, maintained an average daily
participation of 140, and served 1,962 youth during the month. This type of reach
matters because stable, healthy activities for youth support prevention, connection,
and resilience, especially when families are facing stress, grief, or transitions.

34

B E H A V I O R A L H E A LT H

Building on youth engagement work, WEBH also launched the Warriors of Wellness (WOW)
program, a culturally grounded family wellness initiative designed to strengthen youth
resilience, identity, and healthy life skills. Warriors of Wellness brings youth and their parents
or guardians together through structured sessions that incorporate cultural teachings,
community connection, and behavioral health education focused on prevention, wellness,
and positive decision-making. The program complements the work of the White Earth Boys &
Girls Club by creating additional opportunities for youth and families to learn, grow, and stay
connected to culture and community supports. Together, these efforts help create safe spaces
where young people can build confidence, strengthen relationships with family and culture,
and develop tools that support long-term wellness and leadership in our communities.
WEBH also continued youth behavioral health programming connected to Circle
Back Center and Juvenile Healing to Wellness/DIY services. These services
support youth and families through culturally grounded education, coordinated
supports, and connections with schools and courts when needed.
MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES AND CRISIS RESPONSE
Mental health and crisis services continued to provide steady access to care. Mental
health services include crisis intervention, counseling, assessments, case management,
and clinical supports such as psychiatry and telehealth, along with services for children
and adults. These services help relatives manage depression, anxiety, trauma, grief,
family stress, and other concerns while staying connected to community life.
In one month (January snapshot), Mental Health provided 2,681 appointments/visits, and
the crisis team completed 18 crisis assessments. In another month (November snapshot),
Mental Health provided 2,427 appointments/visits, with 16 crisis assessments, plus
additional crisis supports. These numbers show that relatives are using services and
that WEBH is maintaining capacity to respond when people need support quickly.
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT, RECOVERY SUPPORT, AND MOUD
White Earth Recovery & Treatment Services (formerly WESA) continued offering outpatient
and intensive outpatient programming across five locations, along with assessments,
treatment coordination, peer support, advocacy, and culturally integrated recovery practices.
WEBH also continued strengthening MOUD/MAT engagement through structured group
programming and recovery supports that help people stay connected over time.
The overall focus is to make it easier for relatives to enter care, to reduce gaps between
services, and to support long-term recovery not just short-term stabilization.
HARM REDUCTION-BASED SERVICES AND OVERDOSE RESPONSE
Harm reduction efforts remained a core part of how WEBH keeps people safe and connected
to care. In one reporting snapshot (October), WEBH trained community members and
distributed naloxone to 262 relatives. This work saves lives and helps families and communities
respond quickly while also linking people into treatment and recovery supports.

B E H A V I O R A L H E A LT H

35

CULTURAL SERVICES AND TRADITIONAL
HEALING AS A FOUNDATION
One of WEBH’s greatest strengths is that culture is not “extra.” Culture is part of the system of
care. The Culture Program supports Anishinaabe teachings and practices through ongoing
ceremonies and gatherings that strengthen balance, identity, and Mino-bimaadiziwin (living the
good life). In one reporting snapshot (October), cultural programming reached approximately
1,008 relatives, showing the real community reach of culture-based connection and healing.
Healing Bridge is another example of this integrated approach. It provides somatic healing and
herbal supports and is offered free to enrollees, descendants, staff, and community members
helping bridge wellness supports and traditional healing in a way that stays accessible.
STRENGTHENING SYSTEMS WHILE MEDICAID
AND DHS REQUIREMENTS CHANGE
Alongside direct services, WEBH continued important “behind-the-scenes” work to
protect access and strengthen how we operate as requirements change. Medicaid
and DHS rules continue to evolve, and WEBH is staying proactive so our services
remain stable and our Tribe remains positioned to sustain and grow care.
This included ongoing support for relatives who need help navigating coverage.
In reporting snapshots, staff provided MA/MNsure enrollment assistance and
related support to reduce barriers to care. WEBH also continued improving
documentation and readiness through internal documentation reviews and
audits, strengthening consistency and reducing risk as requirements shift.
Workforce and licensure readiness remained a steady focus as well, including
tracking licensure renewals and CEUs. And operational improvements continued
so access is smoother and services are easier to use — such as strengthening
intake and service flow processes and improving scheduling practices. WEBH
also continued advocating for EHR and reporting improvements so data better
supports service delivery, outcomes tracking, and compliance needs.
This work may not always be visible, but it is critical. It helps protect
services, reduce administrative burdens over time, and ensure the Tribe
can adapt to external changes without losing what matters most tribal
authority, cultural grounding, and continuity of care for our relatives.
LOOKING AHEAD: STRATEGIC PLAN DIRECTION
FOR FY 2026 – 2028
As WEBH moves forward, our Strategic Plan for Fiscal Years 2026 – 2028 provides a clear
direction for strengthening services, governance, workforce supports, facilities, accountability,
and long-term sustainability. This plan is tribally grounded and designed to be a living guide for
policy development, licensing standards, capital planning, and day-to-day decision-making.
The plan is guided by values that reflect who we are and how we serve: tribal sovereignty

36

B E H A V I O R A L H E A LT H

and self-determination, cultural humility and traditional knowledge, harm
reduction and dignity-centered care, community accountability, workforce
wellness, and continuous learning and improvement. It is organized
around nine connected areas of work: governance and authority; a full
continuum of behavioral health services; cultural frameworks and Indigenous
knowledge; workforce development and organizational design; quality
assurance and continuous improvement; data governance and tribal data
sovereignty; infrastructure and capital planning; community engagement
and accountability; and long-term sustainability and adaptability.
FY 2026 PRIORITIES
For FY 2026, WEBH is focusing on three major priorities that match
community needs and build on progress already underway.
The first priority is advancing traditional healing and mental health services.
This includes strengthening access to mental health services, expanding peer
support, and creating stronger, more consistent ways to integrate cultural
practitioners and elders into service models. The goal is to improve engagement
and trust, increase cultural safety, and help relatives stay connected to care.
The second priority is enhancing and expanding SUD and MOUD services.
WEBH will continue building a comprehensive, integrated treatment continuum
focused on safety, access, and long-term recovery. This includes expanding harm
reduction-based withdrawal management approaches, continuing development
of tribally operated OBOT and OTP services (including methadone planning),
integrating peer recovery supports across all levels of care, and implementing
ASAM-aligned services across outpatient, residential, and community-based
settings. The goal is to reduce reliance on crisis-driven systems, improve continuity
of care, and expand access to life-saving medications and recovery supports.
The third priority is advancing infrastructure and capital development.
This includes moving forward with Oshki as a healing-centered hub,
developing Bemidji-based infrastructure to improve access for offreservation and urban members, improving the safety and dignity of
existing facilities, and aligning capital planning with workforce needs
and future service growth. The goal is to expand capacity, improve the
service environment, and strengthen long-term sustainability.
GOVERNANCE, ACCOUNTABILITY,
AND QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
A key part of the Strategic Plan is strengthening tribally grounded
governance. WEBH will continue clarifying authority and accountability
across tribal leadership and oversight structures so that decisionmaking remains strong, roles are clear, and accountability is centered on

B E H A V I O R A L H E A LT H

37

community responsibility. This includes continued emphasis on tribal licensing authority
for SUD and behavioral health programs being recognized and codified within Tribal
systems in a way that can work alongside credentialing and accreditation needs.
Quality assurance is also central to the plan. WEBH will maintain an independent, nonpunitive quality system — focused on learning, early risk identification, and continuous
improvement. The goal is to improve care, strengthen accountability, and prevent
problems before they grow, while still supporting staff wellness and stability.
TRIBAL DATA SOVEREIGNTY AND
COMMUNITY-GUIDED EVALUATION
The Strategic Plan also reinforces an important principle: our data should serve
our community. WEBH will continue working toward stronger tribal control over
the full data lifecycle so data collection and reporting reflect community priorities
and protect against misuse. The plan also supports community-guided evaluation
approaches, including narrative outcomes and community reflection, not just numbers
so the story of healing and progress stays grounded in lived experience.
A PRACTICAL, PHASED APPROACH
The plan is designed to be realistic and step-by-step. Over 24 months, WEBH will move
through phases that begin with governance alignment and executive direction, then
build policy and workforce foundations, stabilize and expand services, integrate systems
and licensing operations, and finally focus on optimization, evaluation, and sustainability.
This phased approach helps ensure growth is steady, organized, and accountable.
CLOSING MESSAGE TO TRIBAL MEMBERS
WEBH is doing two important things at once: we are serving relatives today, and we
are building a stronger tribally governed system for tomorrow. In 2025, WEBH served
thousands of relatives, responded during crisis moments, expanded community-based
engagement, and strengthened the cultural foundations that keep people connected and
supported. At the same time, we continued improving systems so we can adapt to changing
Medicaid and DHS requirements while protecting access, stability, and tribal authority.
This is what it means to build a behavioral health system that is truly ours: culturally grounded,
harm reduction-oriented, accountable to community, and strong enough to grow and adapt so
that our relatives and future generations have care that supports healing, dignity, and hope.

ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
THE STATE SMALL BUSINESS
CREDIT INITIATIVE (SSBCI)
This loan program is a federal initiative
that provides capital to states, territories,
and tribal governments to help them
support small businesses through various
lending programs. The goal is to provide
small businesses, especially those in
underserved communities, with access to
capital they might not otherwise have, using
tools like loan guarantees, participation
in loans, and collateral support.
White Earth Tribe continues to partner
with the Midwest Minnesota Community
Development Corporation (MMCDC)
and the loan funds are processed by
their Community Development Financial
Institution (CDFI), White Earth Investment
Initiative. Available loan capital through
this program is over $2,000,000.
Gizhiigin Arts Incubator becomes an
independent 501c3. Gizhiigin was a
project of the White Earth Reservation
Tribal Council’s Economic Development
Division. Gizhiigin, which means
“grow fast” in Anishinaabemowin,
opened officially January 30, 2015.
The Gizhiigin Arts Incubator serves
artists living on the White Earth Ojibwe
Reservation. They help artists reach their

38

B E H A V I O R A L H E A LT H

DIVISION

marketplace goals by providing space,
resources, and technical assistance for
their entrepreneurial development.
Gizhiigin is focused on achieving
three major outcomes:
 Artistic and economic
growth for our artists
 Creation of an arts destination to promote
the economic growth of White Earth
 Cultural revitalization, vitality,
and community pride
Gizhiigin is a model for a successful transition
from a tribal government program to an
independent non-profit 501c3 business.
AWAKAAN BIMAAJI (PET LIFE)
The creation of the Tribal nonprofit 501c3
animal rescue shelter. This organization will
assist in the challenges our communities
face with stray pets. More funding will be
necessary to activate the shelter in 2026.
GRANTS DEPARTMENT
Grants applied to by the grants department
were 22 total submissions with 14 being
successfully awarded to White Earth for a
over a 63% success rate. The total number of
grant funding received for various programs
was approximately $7,000,000 in 2025.

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

39

ADDRESS

PO Box 395
779 E Jefferson Ave
Mahnomen MN 56557

MAIN PHONE

COMPLIANCE
DIVISION
CHRISTIE HAVERKAMP
COMPLIANCE
DIRECTOR

GERI BURNETTE

ADJUDICATION
MANAGER

KRYSTA HEISLER

TRIBAL GAMING
MANAGER

TINA STARKEY

DRUG TESTING
MANAGER

ANDY FRIGEN

SURVEILLANCE
MANAGER

218-935-2148

HOURS OF OPERATION
Monday – Friday
8:00am – 4:30pm

White Earth Nation
Tribal Affiliation, Enrolled Member of White Earth Nation
White Earth Nation
Tribal Affiliation, Enrolled Member of White Earth Nation
White Earth Nation
Tribal Affiliation, Enrolled Member of White Earth Nation
White Earth Nation
Tribal Affiliation, Family — Descendent of White Earth Nation
White Earth Nation
Tribal Affiliation, Descendant of White Earth Nation

The Surveillance, Tribal Gaming, Adjudication, and Drug Testing Departments collectively
support the safety and integrity of all White Earth Reservation operations. Surveillance
operates 24/7 with 39 employees, monitoring over 2,700 cameras across two casinos, several
dispensaries, and more than 30 tribal buildings to protect assets, oversee financial activity,
and support law enforcement. Tribal Gaming, also a 24/7 function, ensures the integrity of
gaming operations through audits, licensing, and strict regulatory compliance, completing
dozens of audits annually while supporting ongoing casino operations. Together, these
divisions maintain secure environments, enforce standards, and safeguard tribal resources.

40

COMPLIANCE

Adjudication and Drug Testing further strengthen workforce integrity and compliance
across all entities. Adjudication conducts thorough background investigations — including
fingerprinting, state and credit checks — to ensure employees meet tribal, federal, and
regulatory requirements. The Drug Testing Division provides comprehensive testing
services, including pre-employment, random, post-accident, and DOT testing, using
multiple certified methods. It also supplies training and testing resources to tribal
programs and external partners. Combined, these departments ensure a qualified
workforce, uphold regulatory standards, and support the White Earth Divisions.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
 Working with WE IT and SSC MIS on installation upgraded
systems, sonic walls and switches
 24/7 Asset Protection & Compliance across all major tribal operations
 2,733+ Active Cameras Securing Assets across casinos, dispensaries, and 30+ facilities
 47+ Audits Completed (FY25) driving accountability and operational excellence
 156 Compliance Violations Identified & Addressed to strengthen regulatory adherence
 $20K+ Jackpot Oversight ensuring gaming integrity and financial transparency
 500+ Technical Gaming Interventions (installs, conversions, RAM clears, inspections)
 Full-Scope Workforce Screening protecting organizational integrity across all entities
 Comprehensive Drug Testing Program supporting safety, compliance, and DOT standards
 Providing real-time video evidence and investigative support to various agencies
 Ongoing surveillance expansion through system design,
camera installs, and facility consultation
The Compliance Division will focus on expanding and strengthening security, compliance,
and operational support across all White Earth entities. This includes scaling surveillance
infrastructure to support new facilities and increasing camera coverage, while investing in
modern technology and analytics to improve monitoring and response capabilities. Continued
collaboration with law enforcement and tribal departments will enhance communication and
coordinated response efforts. At the same time, efforts will be made to further strengthen audit
readiness and regulatory compliance through improved processes and internal controls.
Additionally, the organization will continue to prioritize workforce integrity and safety
by expanding adjudication and background screening services, as well as growing
drug testing programs and consortium participation. Early involvement in facility
planning and construction will ensure security systems are integrated from the outset,
supporting long-term efficiency and protection of tribal assets. Overall, these efforts
position the Compliance Division to effectively support ongoing growth, maintain
high standards of compliance, and enhance safety across all operations.

COMPLIANCE

41

MISSION
To promulgate comprehensive and effective services to the people of the White Earth
Nation for their economic needs with respect for their cultural individuality and encourage
their talents knowledge and skills to move the White Earth Nation forward.
OUR VISION
Together the Compliance Division strives to achieve a vision of success for future
generations and to preserve and protect the integrity of gaming, employment
procedures and policies, while safeguarding all assets for the White Earth
Nation, our people and our communities, now and in the future.

WHITE EARTH GAMING COMMISSION

EDUCATION
DIVISION

2025
HIGHLIGHTS

 White Earth Nation

ADULT BASIC EDUCATION PROGRAM (ABE)

 Tribal Affiliations

SERVES AGE 17+

 5 Enrolled Members of the White Earth Nation

GED Highlights: The GED test is a series of four subject tests a person
can take to demonstrate their high school academic knowledge. Earning
a GED diploma is the equivalent to a high school diploma.

The White Earth Gaming Commission is a five-member Regulatory body selected by
the Tribal Council to promulgate and regulate all Tribal Gaming on the White Earth
Indian Reservation along with its designee departments that include the Compliance
Director, Adjudication and Background Investigations Surveillance and Tribal Gaming.
The Commission was established in the White Earth Gaming Ordinance in 2019.

Number of GED Proctors Certified in 2025

6

Number of Subject Area Exams Taken in 2025

119

 Chris Londo: Chairman

Number of Subject Area Exams Passed in 2025

82 (68.9%)

 Thomas Spry: Vice Chair

Number of students that Earned GEDs in 2025

15

The Commissioners are selected to serve four-year terms.

 John Buckanaga: Sec/Clerk
 Matt Foltrom: Commissioner
 Open: Commissioner
In February 2026, the White Earth Gaming
Commission lost one of its founding
members, Commissioner Mike Swan, who
served with loyalty and pride for seven
years. His dedication and contributions
helped shape the foundation of the
Commission and its ongoing success.
Miigwech, Commissioner Swan, for
your service and commitment.
Miigwech, Commissioner Swan, for
your service and commitment.

42

COMPLIANCE

Minnesota Adult High School Diploma Highlights: White Earth ABE was approved
to offer the Minnesota Adult High School Diploma option. Students need to pass five
domains by compiling and submitting a portfolio of work to the Minnesota Department
of Education, showing evidence of competency of all high school content.

Number of Domains Submitted by Students in 2025

51

Number of Domains Passed in 2025

47 (92.2%)

Number of Domains Waiting for Rreview

2 (3.9%)

Number of Domains Needing Revision

2 (3.9%)

Number of Students That Have Completed All 5 Domains and
Have Earned the Minnesota Adult High School Diploma

5

E D U C AT I O N

43

4% 4%

DOMAINS SUBMITTED BY
STUDENTS IN 2025
Number of Domains Passed in 2025

92%

Number of Domains Waiting for Review
Number of Domains Needing Revision

OTHER ABE HIGHLIGHTS
 Hired a program Paraprofessional
 Two volunteer tutors are participating in the
state C.A.L.M. Cohort. They were selected from a
competitive pool of applicants from around the state
to pilot a math curriculum designed for adult learners.
 Activated a new mobile GED testing center to
allow for testing in students’ home communities
 New College, Career, and Transitions-related
offerings (online and in-person) have helped
countless students meet other goals:
• Obtain a driving permit, driver’s license, or ID
• Enroll in college and apply for financial aid
• Become a certified Paraprofessional

EARLY INTERVENTION / EARLY CHILDHOOD
SPECIAL EDUCATION
SERVES AGES BIRTH–5
The mission of the White Earth Early Intervention & Early Childhood Special Education (ECSE)
Program is to be the leading advocate for children with disabilities in our communities. We
identify and support children with special needs during their early years, empower parents
with education, resources, and address each family’s unique needs with compassion and
respect. Together, we work to create a more inclusive and supportive community for all.
We provide services for children aged birth-kindergarten entrance in Rice Lake, Naytahwaush,
Mahnomen, Waubun, Ogema, White Earth, Elbow Lake, and Pine Point communities.

Services include:
 Early intervention

 Autism spectrum disorder

 Speech and language

 Physical impairment

 Occupational therapy

 Vision — blind

 Physical therapy

 Deaf — hard of hearing

During the 2025 – 2026
school year: We are
currently providing
services for 36 children
and families. We have
received 48 referrals for
children 5 and under.
If you have developmental
concerns with your child
or a child you know,
referrals can be made at
helpmegrowmn.org.

• Certify as a Minnesota Food Protection Manager
• Certify as a Minnesota Food Protection
Manager Trainer and Proctor
• Earn a Nursing Assistant or Personal
Care Attendant Certification
• Enroll in welding, carpentry, CDL, and
other vocational training opportunities
• Improve basic digital literacy skills

44

E D U C AT I O N

E D U C AT I O N

45

INDIGENOUS EDUCATION
FOR ALL (IEFA)
G R A D E S K– 1 2
As a new program, Indigenous Education for All (IEFA) is committed to fostering a
deeper understanding and respect for the Anishinaabe people by integrating our
history, culture, language, and contemporary contributions into the educational
experience of all Minnesota students. Through inclusive and accurate curricular
resources, IEFA empowers educators, students, and school communities to honor
Tribal sovereignty, recognize the enduring presence of Indigenous peoples, and
build meaningful relationships rooted in equity, truth, and shared responsibility.

IEFA aimed to strengthen relationships with colleges, universities, and other Tribes
to share ideas and resources. Our team attended national and state conferences,
including the NIEA Convention, to learn new strategies for Indigenous education.
These partnerships help us bring the best practices back to our community.

Forming an Advisory Group
The IEFA Advisory Group was created to ensure community voices are part of every
decision. Most seats are filled, and meetings will begin in early 2026. This group
will guide curriculum development, cultural projects, and outreach efforts.

Gathering Resources
 To support the work, IEFA:

2025 IEFA HIGHLIGHTS

• Secured recording equipment for cultural documentation.

Bringing White Earth Centered Curriculum into Classrooms

• Received bison hides and other materials to create classroom resource boxes.

 IEFA is developing lesson plans that share important parts of Ojibwe life and
history with students across Minnesota. 2025 lesson plans include:
• Ojibwe Math: Showing how math connects to traditional practices.
• Manoomin (Wild Rice): Teaching about harvesting and its cultural importance.
• White Earth History: Helping students understand local
history and boarding school experiences.
We also created hands-on activities, educator guides, and cultural assessment
tools to make learning interactive and respectful. These resources will help
teachers confidently bring Indigenous perspectives into their classrooms.

Building a Digital Archive
To preserve history for future generations, IEFA is designing a digital archive platform.
This will store photos, videos, and documents related to White Earth history. IEFA is
testing ways to connect classroom tools like Google Classroom and PowerBI with
the archive, making it easier for educators to access materials. The goal is to create a
secure, user-friendly system that keeps cultural knowledge safe and accessible.

Connecting with the Community

• Shifted methods of engagement with the community, to
capture more community stories and teachings.

WHITE EARTH CHILD CARE &
EARLY CHILDHOOD PROGRAM
AGES 0–12
Child Care Providers, By Type
 Child Care Learning Centers: 7
 Licensed In-Home Providers: 18
 Unlicensed Providers: 4

Number of Children serviced throughout the year: 375
Community Events hosted by WECC:
 21st Annual Communities Collaborative Brain Development Conference
Children are the Shining Stars of Hope: 500 + attended

 Community voices guide everything we do. In 2025, we:

 Week of the Young Child

 Hosted community meetings and attended local events.

 Back to School Event

 Set up IEFA booths to share updates and gather feedback.

 Christmas Literacy Book Giveaway

 Recorded cultural teachings with community members. These recordings
will help preserve traditions and share them with future generations.

46

Building Partnerships

E D U C AT I O N

Attended and hosted a WECC booth:
 Community Families Picnics

E D U C AT I O N

47

 Detroit Lakes Area Schools Pow-Wow

WHITE EARTH HEAD START &
EARLY HEAD START PROGRAM

 White Earth Wic And Life Community Baby Shower
 Public Health Halloween Health Fair

Other Program Highlights

S E R V E S E X P E C TA N T M O M S &
CHILDREN BIRTH–5 YEARS

 Some of the services we offer are:
• Support to all our licensed childcare programs to be Parent Aware Rated
• White Earth Child Care Assistance and Early Learning Scholarships to qualified families
• Curriculum/Assessment Support and Coaching
• Early Childhood/School Age Trainings

 Established “Amikwiish” an Ojibwe Language-Focused
Head Start Classroom at the White Earth site
 Early Childhood Family Education (ECFE) Program collaborated with Parents
as Teachers (PAT) Program for monthly events and socializations

• Community Outreach, and

 Implemented new Frogstreet Curriculum

• We promote our Ojibwe Language and Culture in the
classroom and with in-home providers

 Established no findings during Office of Head Start monitoring

 White Earth Child Care moved into their new building

HEAD START CLASSROOM ENROLLMENT, DECEMBER 2025

 New Library — Maamagin Achigaazo (the Gathering Place)
will be opening in the Summer of 2026

Mahnomen Head Start

13

 Collaborated with the White Earth RBC to offer funds to add 8 playgrounds
and basketball courts to encourage healthy physical play and family fun

Naytahwaush Head Start

35

 Fully staffed 32 employees

Pine Point Head Start

7

 Lead teachers attended National Association for the Education
for Young Children (NAEYC) conference

Rice Lake Head Start

15

Waubun Head Start

12

White Earth Head Start

13

 Minnesota Tribal Resources for Early Childhood Care (MNTRECC) member of the 11 tribes
of Minnesota; focuses on culturally appropriate training and early childhood support

14%

WHITE EARTH CHILD CARE
& EARLY CHILDHOOD PROGRAM

7%
HEAD START CLASSROOM
12%
ENROLLMENT DECEMBER 2025
62%

24%

48

WHITE EARTH HEAD START PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS

Rice Lake Head Start
Mahnomen Head Start

14%

Pine Point Head Start

Licensed In-Home Providers

Naytahwaush Head Start

Child Care Learning Centers

Waubun Head Start

Unlicensed Providers

White Earth Head Start

E D U C AT I O N

37%

14%

16%

E D U C AT I O N

49

STUDENT FINANCIAL SERVICES

EARLY HEAD START ENROLLMENT: PRENATAL–3 YEARS
Early Head Start Enrollment, December 2025

Mahnomen Home-Based

7

POSTSECONDARY

Naytahwaush Home-Based

2

White Earth Scholarship Program Highlights:

Pine Point Home-Based

3

Rice Lake Home-Based

9

White Earth Home-Based

0

 Awarded 203 Scholarships
 Awarded 56 Graduation Incentives

Johnson O’Malley Program Highlights:
 Currently serves 1,210 eligible, active students
 Serves five area school districts: Waubun / Ogema / White Earth,
Mahnomen / Naytahwaush, Bagley, Detroit Lakes, and Moorhead

EARLY HEAD START HOME-BASED 10%
SERVICES ENROLLMENT
14%
DECEMBER 2025

8%
43%

11%

53%

Rice Lake Home-Based
Mahnomen Home-Based
Pine Point Home-Based

33%

Naytahwaush Home-Based

AWARDED GRADUATION
INCENTIVES 2025

28%

High School/GED
4-Year Program (BA, BS, Other)
2-Year Program (AA, AS, AAS, Other)
Masters Program
Doctorate Program

Staff Highlights
 One bachelor’s degree in early childhood graduate in Spring 2026
 Two associate’s degree graduates in Spring 2026
 Three staff earned their Child Development Associate (CDA) Credential
 Hired a Mental Health Consultant to work directly with staff, children, and
families to support social-emotional development, behavior, and families,
ensuring stronger relationships and a supportive learning environment.

CIRCLE OF LIFE ACADEMY
K – 1 2 B I E T R I B A L LY
CONTROLLED SCHOOL
Programmatic Highlights
 Now enrolling 1st and 2nd Generation Descendants in
addition to enrolled members of federally recognized
tribes and those with ¼ blood quantum.

50

E D U C AT I O N

E D U C AT I O N

51

GOVERNMENT
R E L AT I O N S

 COLA offers 1-to-1 devices for all students. K-2 utilizes iPads and 3-12 utilizes
Chromebooks. Google Classrooms are set up for onsite and offsite instruction.

WEN had 17 separate consultations
with Minnesota agencies last year.

 We’ll be rolling into your community with our new mobile classrooms!
COLA secured three trailers to utilize for mobile classrooms,
conferences, student screenings, and community events!
 COLA students will be back on the airwaves with Niijii Radio! Tune
in to 89.9FM to hear COLA Connections coming soon!
 Currently completing Bureau of Indian Education Programmatic and Fiscal Review and
Rebuild —­Year 1 of 5 with the support of BIE professionals and White Earth support staff.
 New Paraprofessional Apprenticeship Cohort for paraprofessionals interested
in earning their Elementary Education Teaching degree and licensure.
 Through a Safe Routes to School Grant, COLA received 35 new bicycles for
our physical education program. We were also able to purchase a trailer to
haul them which enables us to travel to other trails for riding adventures.
 Developing culturally sensitive, developmentally appropriate
schoolwide behavior management practices.
 Reforming behavioral response processes by developing a culture-based
trauma response protocol, working closely with White Earth Mental Health
for out-of-school referrals, and enhancing and utilizing our Student Support
Team. This has led to a significant reduction in behavior referrals.

Ojibwe Language & Culture Highlights
 Developing 131 acres of COLA Forest for outdoor, cultural activities including, but not limited
to Sugar Bush, Winter Camp, fasting, coming of age ceremonies, and walking/biking trails.
 Focus on building the COLA Language Program to be family-based.
 Working to merge language and culture with the core curriculum.
 Seasonal activities including ricing, spearing, fishing, and other activities
in collaboration with the White Earth Natural Resources.
 Development of a 6th Grade Survival Class and a virtual Language Table for area schools.
 Exciting class offerings of Food Sovereignty, Seed Saving,
Plant Identification, and Medicine Gardens.

General Highlights
 New website is coming soon! Access job announcements, student applications,
and important school information. Watch for the announcement!
 Safe and secure campus — daily bag checks and Student Resource Officer on campus daily.

52

E D U C AT I O N

LEGAL
DIVISION

WEN hosted Senate Majority Leader Erin
Murphy and Senator Assistant Majority Leader
Foung Hawj at White Earth to showcase the
Elder Tiny Homes, the new Early Childcare
Center, and Waabigwan Mashkiki. Senator Hawj
also had an opportunity to harvest wild rice.

L E G A L U P D AT E S
November 8, 2024 — White Earth Deputy General Counsel Veronica Newcomer and
Environmental and Land Attorney Andrea Szabo were sworn into the United States District
Court for the District of Minnesota. General Counsel Andrea Kingbird, as an admitted member
of the District Court, made the motion for their admission. Federal Magistrate Judge Brisbois,
a White Earth descendant, granted the motion for admission. Since this time, White Earth
Legal Department attorneys have been admitted to the Eighth Circuit Federal Court of
Appeals and Ms. Newcomer was recently admitted to the United State Supreme Court.
Deputy General Counsel Veronica Newcomer was a panelist at the American Bar Association
State and Local Government Law Section’s CLE, “Understanding the Role of Tribal In-House
Counsel” in Phoenix, AZ. Ms. Newcomer also co-chaired the MNABA Continuing Legal
Education Conference in Minneapolis, and moderated the panel, “Preserving Tribal Sovereignty
and Protecting the Rights of Indian Children and Families — the 2025 ICWA Update.”
General Counsel Andrea Kingbird has participated on panel discussions regarding cannabis
including the MJ Unpacked event, an exclusive network of cannabis industry leaders, and for the
Minnesota Association of City Attorneys conference, provided by the League of Minnesota Cities.
In May 2025, Legal Department Legal Assistant Kathy Jo Heisler coordinated a Tribal Wills Clinic
for the White Earth community. Services were provided by the University of Denver College
of Law and Anishinabe Legal Services. 68 individuals were able to complete their wills.
Much effort goes into protecting the Nation’s interests in the many areas that the Nation has
identified as priorities — such as natural resource protection and economic development.
Legal has a great team of in-house and outside counsel that makes wins such as this
possible, see: Federal Courts Reject Challenges to White Earth Water Protection Ordinance,
the White Earth State Forest Memorandum of Understanding, the Co-stewardship
Agreement for Tamarac National Wildlife Refuge, and the Cannabis Compact.

LEGAL

53

ADVANCING TRIBAL AUTONOMY OVER OUR HOMELANDS

NATURAL
RESOURCES

2025 HIGHLIGHTS
Natural Resources remains steadfast in the management of our lands and waters, and
unwavering in our responsibility to protect the Treaty Rights of our Tribal membership. We
are committed to creating lasting, meaningful change for the environment — work that
centers on restoring and protecting habitat, the foundation of a healthy ecosystem for
both our people and our animal relatives. Our efforts extend to reclaiming our place within
the Tamarac National Wildlife Refuge and the White Earth State Forest, ensuring these
homelands continue to reflect our values and stewardship. We recognize that our youth need
opportunities to reconnect with culture, language, and traditional outdoor teachings. By
engaging and empowering the young people of our Nation, we are helping them grow with an
understanding of, and a commitment to, the environment that sustains our life. Across all of
our efforts, we remain dedicated to safeguarding our resources for the generations to come.
LAND STEWARDSHIP & CO-MANAGEMENT EFFORTS
Natural Resources made significant strides in 2025 toward regaining greater
stewardship and authority over lands currently managed by federal and state
agencies. These efforts reflect our long term commitment to restoring Tribal
autonomy and protecting our homelands for future generations.
TAMARAC NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE
In 2025, Natural Resources began working closely with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service to assume certain duties within the Tamarac National Wildlife Refuge. This
work represents an important step toward expanding Tribal involvement in managing
refuge lands, integrating cultural knowledge into land stewardship practices,
and strengthening our presence on lands historically tied to our people.

54

Together, these partnerships — one federal and one state — mark the beginning of
a new chapter in land stewardship. In 2025, we initiated the process of gaining back
autonomy over lands currently held in their possession, ensuring that Tribal values,
cultural priorities, and long term ecological health guide how these places are cared
for. These efforts strengthen sovereignty, improve natural resource management,
and reaffirm our Nation’s leadership in stewarding the lands that sustain us.
During FY2025, the Land Office completed the acquisition of 838 acres, representing a
significant investment in conservation, habitat protection, and community benefit.
PARKS & RECREATION
Parks & Recreation continued to be one of the most active and visible teams throughout 2025,
hosting or participating in 81 community events that strengthened cultural knowledge, outdoor
skills, and community connection. Their outreach touched youth, families, and schools across
the Nation through an impressive range of activities including the COLA Fishing Day, Ogema
Elementary Ice Safety training, career exploration classes, the Waubun School Forest winter
camp, the White Earth Nation 5th Annual Ice Fish’n Derby, fur bearer identification sessions,
Sugarbush at Waubun School Forest, Boys & Girls Club spearing events, kids’ fishing programs,
canoe and kayak water safety, ATV and firearms safety courses, mobile rice displays, rice camps,
ricing instruction, netting demonstrations, and knocker making workshops, to name just a few.
Their tireless commitment to youth, community engagement, and cultural education
has created a year rich with hands on learning and tradition. By consistently showing
up in schools, at community events, and on the land itself, the team has helped young
people build confidence, outdoor skills, and cultural knowledge that will serve them
throughout their lives. It is this sustained dedication — evident in the 81 events they led
or supported — that contributed to Parks & Recreation being honored with Conservation
Minnesota’s 2025 Blazing Star Award, a recognition celebrating exceptional work in
conservation, climate resilience, environmental protection, and outdoor recreation.
These accomplishments build on an already abundant year where Parks & Recreation also:
 Hosted the 5th Annual White Earth Nation Fishing Derby with 1,082 anglers,
including 470 youth, and introduced the exciting Ice Castle fish house raffle.
 Delivered a successful Youth Summer Internship Program
centered on hands on outdoor stewardship.
 Brought Sugarbush teachings alive at the Waubun School Forest, producing about 12
gallons of syrup with students and teachers, followed by a community pancake feed.

WHITE EARTH STATE FOREST

 Held the Canoe & Kayak Safety event to promote safe recreation on the water.

Natural Resources also initiated partnership work with the Minnesota Department of Natural
Resources on the White Earth State Forest. This collaboration is helping to formalize roles,
improve coordination, and expand Tribal authority in day-to-day forest management.

 Maintained public use areas and beaches, ensuring clean, safe, and
accessible spaces for community members throughout the year.

N AT U R A L R E S O U R C E S

 Upgraded both Roy Lake and Lynwood public areas with new vault
toilets to enhance comfort, safety, and convenience for all users.

N AT U R A L R E S O U R C E S

55

Parks & Recreation continues to demonstrate how culturally grounded
programming, consistent community engagement, and hands on education
uplift youth and strengthen the Nation’s connection to the land.
CLIMATE & ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP

2025 Tribal Climate Camp
From September 21 – 26, the White Earth Nation Environmental Team proudly
hosted the 2025 Tribal Climate Camp, a culturally appropriate, week long training
designed for delegates from Tribal Nations to strengthen climate planning and
support long term Tribal resilience. The camp provided hands on learning,
peer exchange, and space for delegates to advance their own climate goals
while connecting with others facing similar environmental challenges.

White Earth Climate Action Plan Adoption
In 2025, the White Earth Reservation Business Committee formally adopted the White
Earth Climate Action Plan. The plan identifies opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and outlines strategies tailored to individual sectors across the reservation.
These sector specific goals support a coordinated approach to lowering emissions
and achieving the overall reduction targets established by the White Earth Nation.
Together, the Tribal Climate Camp and the adoption of the Climate Action Plan
mark major steps forward in strengthening climate resilience, protecting our land
and water, and ensuring a healthier future for the next seven generations.
FORESTRY & EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
Forestry and Emergency Management played a critical role in protecting
the community during one of the most destructive weather events of
the year. Their quick action, coordination, and long hours demonstrated
deep commitment to the safety and wellbeing of the Nation.
SEVERE WINDSTORM RESPONSE
Rice Lake Community: A devastating and powerful windstorm struck White Earth, with the
Rice Lake community hit particularly hard. Emergency Management and Forestry worked
alongside the Roads Department to respond immediately and provide urgent support.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACTIONS
Delivered generators to elders and individuals with medical needs, ensuring
they had access to electricity for essential health equipment. Distributed food
and water at the community center to support residents affected by the outages.
Worked tirelessly to remove downed trees and debris, reopening critical roadways
to allow emergency access and safe travel. They provided assistance beyond the
immediate area, including traveling to Oshkimanidoo in Bemidji to help where

56

N AT U R A L R E S O U R C E S

needed. The dedication before, during, and after the storm ensured community members
were cared for and essential transportation routes were restored as quickly as possible.
AGRICULTURE

Bison Program
Welcomed 10 Yellowstone Bulls
The Ag team brought in 10 three- to four-year-old Yellowstone bulls, a highly valued
genetic line, secured through partnership with the Intertribal Buffalo Council.
The herd expanded from four heifers in 2023 to 55 bison by Fall 2025.

Hands On Harvest & Necropsy Training
Staff facilitated a traditional harvest and necropsy training, offering a culturally grounded,
hands on learning experience that blended traditional teachings with herd health education.

Surprise Calf Arrival
The breeding herd at Spence Farm welcomed an unexpected calf in August — months
ahead of the anticipated 2026 calving season. All four heifers delivered a calf in 2025.

Intertribal Traditional Foods Trade
Strengthening food sovereignty relationships, Ag coordinated a trade with the
Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation: 500 pounds of bison meat for 400 pounds of
wild rice, reinforcing intertribal connection and shared food systems.
FOOD SOVEREIGNTY & LOCAL FOOD ACCESS

Fresh Produce Delivery to Every Community
Throughout the summer, Ag staff themselves purchased, transported, and
delivered fresh produce to every tribal community. This was a major time
commitment for the team, and the effort was deeply appreciated by families,
elders, and youth who relied on consistent access to fresh, healthy foods.

Strategic Planning Sessions in November
The program conducted strategic planning sessions in November to begin aligning future
programming, priorities, and capacity with long term goals. This early planning step
demonstrates the program’s commitment to structured growth and intentional direction.
Leadership refined the meaning of food sovereignty and food security for White Earth,
embedding these principles into program design, community outreach, and project planning.

Soil Health Education
Hosted a two day public soil health seminar with the Minnesota Soil Health Coalition,
drawing strong attendance and providing hands on learning about building soil

N AT U R A L R E S O U R C E S

57

health, reducing chemical inputs, and protecting water quality. The Coalition also
assessed soil health on Tribal ag leases and found excellent conditions.

push bears away from homes and community borders — proved far more effective
than trapping and relocating, strengthening both public safety and animal welfare.

Garden Support & Seedling Production

WILD RICE

With additional TERO staffing, seedling and plant production remained on track. Spring
tilling, with mulch, poultry fertilizer, and starter plants provided to gardeners.

Infrastructure Improvements & Lake Access

Naytahwaush Community Sugarbush
The sugarbush east of the Spence Farm pasture opened for the season, with sap flowing
and growing community involvement. Volunteers will receive maple syrup shares,
and additional evaporators are available for independent sugarbush operations.

Cultural & Traditional Food Education
Public workshops continued in gardening, food preservation, and manoomin harvesting.
Indigenous food plantings began in NTW, with fruit and nut production expected in 2027.

Community Gardens
The NTW community garden, started last year, will be expanded. Outreach
identified Pine Point as the next site for a new community garden in 2026.

Wild Foods Collaboration

 Installation of wood corduroy walkways with gravel overlays at the Ponsford
and Bush landings, improving safe access to the water’s edge.
 Placement of large boulders at the start of each walkway
to prevent damage from ATV and UTV traffic.
 Expansion of parking areas to improve traffic flow and accommodate
more vehicles during the busy harvest season.
 Reopening of the old channel at Big Bear landing after years of overgrowth,
allowing ricers to travel directly from the parking area to the lake.
 Installation of solar powered lights and navigation flags at
all four landings to increase visibility and safety.

Record Wild Rice Purchases

Partnered with the Forestry Department to begin blueberry habitat restoration, including
bringing in a Grand Portage advisor to guide restoration and maintenance practices.

The program purchased 320,699 pounds of freshly harvested manoomin from
ricers — a record amount. Buying began on August 22 and concluded on September
22, marking a highly successful harvest season for both ricers and the program.

Support for Conservation Programs

PERMITTING

Agriculture staff continued maintaining and managing 800 acres of Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) lands, providing mowing, pollinator planting, and
habitat upkeep necessary for long term contract compliance. This work was also
referenced in internal communications regarding CRP fund management.
WILDLIFE & CONSERVATION

Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) Surveillance
The Wildlife team collected 112 deer heads for CWD testing during the fall season,
with zero confirmed cases. Each submission earned a $45 L&M Fleet gift card,
encouraging community participation in ongoing disease monitoring efforts that
protect both treaty harvesters and the long term health of the deer population.

Bear Management — NTW Community
A highly successful bear hounding management approach was implemented to keep
bears out of the Naytahwaush community. This method — using trained dogs to safely

58

Several significant upgrades were completed at Lower Rice Lake. These improvements made
ricing more accessible and supported a smoother, safer experience for the community.

N AT U R A L R E S O U R C E S

The Permitting Department officially launched in 2025. The team has made
significant progress establishing clear processes, building forms and procedures,
and responding to the growing need for regulatory oversight across the Nation.

Permits Currently Issued
The department is now actively issuing
a wide range of permits, including:
 High capacity water appropriation permits
 Public works water permits
 Fishing tournament permits
 Individual septic system permits
 Building permits
 Topographical change permits
 Special harvest permits

N AT U R A L R E S O U R C E S

59

 Special netting permits

Stabilization and Restoration of Shimmelhorn Creek

 Elder netting permits

Advanced long term restoration planning for streambank stabilization, tree
planting to lower water temperatures, and removal of abandoned asphalt.
Over time, increased shading will allow for the reintroduction of trout —
anticipated approximately 10 years after mature canopy growth.

These permits help protect natural resources, ensure safe development
practices, and support cultural harvesting activities.

Permits in Development
The team is currently creating or finalizing new permit types to
address emerging community needs, including:
 Prescribed burn permits
 Controlled structure burn permits

Continued assessment and planning work for reconnecting natural hydrology
in this designated trout stream. This long term project aims to restore
ecological function and eventually support reintroduction of trout.

 Commercial taxidermy permits

Surface Water Monitoring of Lakes

 Salvage yard permits

Completed monitoring of 16 reservation lakes for water
quality, sampled in both June and September.

 A stormwater management plan permit
These additions will expand the Nation’s ability to regulate land
use, protect water quality, and enhance public safety.

Eagle Feather Inventory Process
The department also began developing a process to inventory eagle feathers.
These feathers are presented to community members in recognition of important
achievements, such as graduations or other significant milestones. Establishing this
system ensures respectful tracking, proper documentation, and cultural integrity.

Groundwater Monitoring Wells: Continued installation and use
of groundwater monitoring wells to strengthen baseline data for
aquifer health and long term groundwater protection.

Macroinvertebrate Quality Assurance Program Plan
Completed the QAPP for macroinvertebrate sampling. Field sampling will
begin in summer 2026. Macroinvertebrates act as biological indicators,
helping assess the overall health of streams and aquatic ecosystems.

WATER RESOURCES

Septic System Inventory

The White Earth Water Resources Department is responsible for protecting and monitoring
more than 530 lakes larger than 10 acres, nearly 300 miles of rivers and streams, and the
Reservation’s groundwater resources. The department operates with three dedicated
staff members: a Manager, a Hydrologist, and a Surface Water Quality Coordinator.

Continued inventory of septic systems to identify potential
risks to groundwater and surface water.

Throughout 2025, the Water Resources team prepared for field season through extensive
training and coordination with the EPA and state agencies. The department also continued
to strengthen partnerships with federal, state, and local organizations to improve
water quality across the Reservation and meet long term water resource goals.

Nonpoint Source Assessment & Management Plan
Identified and evaluated sources of nonpoint pollution across the Reservation, including
agricultural runoff, stormwater, and atmospheric deposition. This assessment informs
long term strategies to protect water quality. Developing a management plan that outlines
strategies to reduce pollution from sediment, pesticides, and nutrients. This plan provides a
roadmap for improving water quality through better land management and runoff control.

60

Hydraulic and Hydrologic Reconnectivity of Bad Boy Creek

N AT U R A L R E S O U R C E S

Culvert Inventory
Conducted culvert assessments to support hydrologic modeling, identify
barriers to aquatic life, and plan for infrastructure improvements.

Coordination with Watershed Districts
Participated in regular meetings with the seven watershed districts
located within Reservation boundaries to align goals, share data,
and coordinate restoration and monitoring projects.

LCCMR Pineland Sands Study
Contributed to the Pineland Sands study focused on groundwater
resources, including chemical composition and the movement of
chemicals and nutrients on and off the Reservation. This work supports
a clearer understanding of regional groundwater vulnerabilities.

N AT U R A L R E S O U R C E S

61

LOCATION

INDIAN CHILD
WELFARE
DIVISION

White Earth, Mahnomen,
Bagley, Duluth, and
Minneapolis

HOURS OF OPERATION

24/7 • 8:00am – 4:30pm

D E PA R T M E N T
PROFILE

CERA SWIFTWATER-HAYES

Enrolled member of the Oglala Lakota Nation
Email: Cera.Swiftwater@whiteearth-nsn.gov
Phone:
218-983-4647 / 218-850-9985

—

Email:
Phone:

DIRECTOR

ASSISTANT DIRECTOR

HOW MANY STAFF ARE IN
YOUR DEPARTMENT?

32

SUMMARY OF SERVICES PROVIDED
White Earth Indian Child Welfare provides case management
services to families that are eligible for ICWA services.
FUNDING SOURCE(S)
Child Welfare Targeted Case Management, CHAFEE-Independent Living Skills Grant,
STAY (Successful Transition to Adulthood for Youth) Grant, Customary Adoptions Grant,
Kinship Supportive Services BIA Grant, Children’s Mental Health Screenings Grant,
Title IV-E Reimbursements, State Initiative and ICWA Primary Grants, Permanency
and Supportive Services - Kinship Grant, CASEY Family Programs Partnership
Grant, Opioid Allocation, and Family First Preservation Services Allocation.

62

DEPARTMENTS

Gizhawaaso Voluntary Program
The Gizhawaaso Voluntary Program works
with families to access services that
will help protect them from out of home
placement of their children. Gizhawaaso
is voluntary intensive case management
for families that focuses on rigorous case
management to stabilize and set parents
and families up for success long term.

Intake and Assessments
Intake and Assessments handles all child
maltreatment calls on the Reservation
to screen and determine whether
an assessment is warranted, type of
assessment, and immediate response.

IV-E Program

Child Protection

IV-E Program works with child welfare to
obtain medical assistance for children in foster
care and to obtain reimbursements from foster
care, childcare, and other eligible services.

The Child Protection Program handles all
child protection matters on the Reservation
under exclusive jurisdiction authority. Provides
secondary case management and ICWA
Compliance off the Reservation in the counties
and metro areas. The program also provides
ICWA compliance and support to families
and jurisdictional territories out of state.

Customary Adoption Program/Kinship
Permanency Supportive Services
Customary Adoption works with relatives
of children and makes additional relatives
for children who cannot return home to the
custody of their parents in the foreseeable
future. Adoption department offers postadoption assistance to families who are
needing additional assistance and support
with navigating resources for children that
have gone through customary adoptions.

Foster Care Program

The Independent Living Skills Program
works with youth aged 16-23 to assist
with life skills and services.

The Foster Care Program provides care on a
Tribal level to our children when their parent
or caretaker is unable to do so. Foster parents
are to be committed to the sacredness of our
children: respecting, honoring, and nurturing
them when they are faced with the trauma of
being separated from their parents. The Tribe
and foster parents are responsible for ensuring
that children receive the highest care possible.
In FY2024 this program had 72 licensed foster
homes and 31 short term respite homes.

Extended Foster Care Program

Parenting Visitation Center

Extended Foster Care Program works with
youth 18-21 who choose to stay in foster care.

The Parenting Visitation Center provides
supervised visitation to parents and their
children in foster care. The main site is in
Mahnomen, and three satellite centers in
White Earth, Pine Point, and Bagley.

Independent Living Skills Program

GENERAL FUND

Educational Neglect Program

White Earth ICW does not receive assistance from General Fund.

Educational Neglect Intervention Program
works with school aged children and

I N D I A N C H I L D W E L FA R E

families to address excessive absenteeism
with support and interventions.

I N D I A N C H I L D W E L FA R E

63

ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND RECOGNITION
ICW was awarded 223,000 for the Families First Preservation Services Allocation.
This allocation’s intent was to provide direct services to families in our communities to
prevent out of home placement for those at risk. ICW was able to assist 138 families that
did not have open child protection cases with direct assistance. Direct assistance was
defined as past due rent, utilities, grocery vouchers, clothing vouchers, and car repairs.
ICW’s Gizhawaaso Program provides services to families as a prevention method,
helping families who are at risk of entering or reentering the child protection
system and/or out of home placement. This method prevents placements and
the trauma it creates. This holistic cultural approach implements the missing
link that many Native people are needing for successful healing to historical
and generational trauma. ICW assists all families we serve who are seeking
a cultural way of life and teachings. From January 1, 2024 – December 31,
2025 ICW serviced 74 families and prevented placement of 210 children.
We continue to collaborate with White Earth tribal court for our reunification ceremonies.
We celebrated the hard work and efforts done by parents, who successfully completed
their requirements of their child protection case plan and court-ordered services. After
the court hearing, a ceremony is held with traditional medicines and songs. Afterward,
a meal is shared with all involved, and the family is then presented with gifts such as
matching ribbon skirts/shirts to go forward in a good way. Between 1/1/24 – 12/31/25
we conducted eight ceremonies with 16 children being reunified with their parents.
The youth involved in the Independent Living Skills Program and Extended Foster
Care Program are invited to participate in field trips and fun events throughout the
year. On average there are about 15 youth participants per activity. The activities
this year included visiting the BSU campus and NW Tech campus in Bemidji. They
learned about FAFSA, scholarships, financial aid programs, Native Programs and
then went bowling and to the park. Another event they went fishing with Natural
Resources Dept and learned gardening basics. Each youth made flower pots and
vegetable pots to take home. They got to participate in ricing with Natural Resources
Dept and went to the Tamarack Wild Life Center. They learned about ricing, cultural
presentation, youth participated in ricing. Last event of the year they were able to
go to a haunted corn maze. Agency also took youth grocery shopping and they
partnered up and made the cheapest meal they could by following all the food
pyramid sections. Youth also made phone calls to schedule dental appts, price car
insurance, purchase tires, schedule Dr appts. They practiced calling real people who
volunteered to help with the activity so that they could go through these motions.
Between 1/1/2024 and 12/31/2025 we had five high school graduates,
one GED completion, one graduate of a two-year technical college
program, one Job Corp Graduate, and a youth who was in their
third year of college by the time they finished the program.

64

I N D I A N C H I L D W E L FA R E

JUDICIAL
DEPARTMENT
COURT

WELLNESS COURT

The Tribal Court provides services in
the following areas but not limited to:
adoption, appeal, child support, general
civil, civil commitments, conservation,
custody, dissolution, employment appeals,
garnishment, guardianships, housing, child
protection, Juvenile matters, paternity,
probate, traffic, truancy, name change,
order for protection, small claims and
marriages. In 2025, the Court had 618 new
cases filed and held 1368 hearings.

Court occurs every other week and
individuals are under surveillance and tested
for alcohol and other chemicals at their
home, employment, and during office visits
approximately two times per week. During
this reporting period, the probation agents
and surveillance officer continue to have
direct contact on a random but continuous
basis covering a wide geographical area
within Becker, Clearwater, Mahnomen
Counties, and the White Earth Reservation.

The Guardian ad Litem Program Gezhaanaajib
Nejanisug (Guardian of the Children) currently
has one guardian. Her current case load
is 12 custody cases and 25 ICW cases.

JUDICIAL SERVICES

65

WE/MAHN DWI

WE/MAHN DRUG

CURRENT

7

12

2

COMPLETED

35

26

12

NON-COMPLETED

24

12

2

TRANSFERRED

3

1

0

Here are a few statistics that highlight the progress and impact of the program so far:

TOTAL

69

51

16

Total Clients Participating in the ATPO Program By Year

COMPLETION RATE

56%

66%

75%

STATUS

BEMIDJI

DETROIT
LAKES

CLOSED

7

2022

WE/Becker DWI Court: 69 participants since the beginning of
the program; 35 have graduated, 24 have been terminated, three
have transferred, and seven are currently in the program.
WE/Mahnomen DWI Court: 51 participants since the beginning
of the program; 26 have graduated, 12 have terminated,
one transferred, and 12 are currently in the program.
WE/Mahnomen Wellness/Drug Court: Since August of 2021
there have been 16 participants; 12 have graduated, two have
been terminated, and two are currently in the program.
We have acquired a defense attorney for Mahnomen County
and will work towards attaining one for Becker County.
Funding for defense attorneys is through an award of the State
grant. We have gained engagement from the White Earth
Police Department and Becker County Sheriff’s Office.
The Team has determined culture is an important aspect related
to our venue. A cultural component has been added to graduation
ceremonies. Future cultural training and incorporation is anticipated.
We continue to implement and gain education to implement the new
Standards for treatment courts. We are updating policy manuals
and handbooks to align with Federal Best Practice Standards.

66

TRIBAL PROBATION

WE/BECKER DWI

JUDICIAL SERVICES

The Tribal Probation program has been operational for four years. The mission of this
program is to establish collaborative partnerships between state and tribal agencies, with
the goal of engaging high-risk clients in the process of re-entry and rehabilitation.
Our initiative aims to develop a holistic, cultural, evidence-based, and collaborative
approach to addressing recidivism. We believe that by creating opportunities for
change, we can build safer and healthier communities. Additionally, we strive to
support individuals in becoming healthy, productive, and independent.

GRAND
RAPIDS

ISR

MOORHEAD

TOTAL

37

10

2

56

2

14

4

1

21

2023

2

16

3

1

22

2024

3

6

2

11

1

1

2

2025
OPEN

4

79

2022

1

28

2023

3

15

1

1

13

2

99

5

1

35

2

2024

22

2

2025

14

4

TOTAL

11

116

1

23

21
1

25
18

4

155

JUDICIAL SERVICES

67

CLOSED CONDITION
OUTCOMES

15.39% (0.13%)

1

0.81%

20 (16.26%)

Successful

Court Removed Condition

Sentence Executed

Death

Closed Jurisdiction

Expired W/o Completing

Condition Not Directed by...

94 (76.42%)

PEACEMAKING COURT
Endazhi-nanandawi’igaadegin Gideminaanin (Where our Hearts are Healed)
Peacemaking plays an important role in indigenous justice practices. It is a traditional conflict
resolution process that focuses on problem-solving and healing relationships. Participation
in Peacemaking is voluntary, and it encourages people to solve their own problems in a safe
environment. Sessions are facilitated by our Peacemaker to ensure that the process achieves
balance and equality to all participants. For 2025, the program had 37 circles involving
matters such as: custody, visitation, wrap-around service, conflict resolution in the workplace,
restorative justice, sibling visitation and family group decision making for child protection
cases. The Peacemaking continues to grow with its collaboration between Indian Child Welfa

[Text truncated at 120,000 characters. The full text is on the page linked above.]

---

Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/tribal%3Aminn_chippewa_white_earth%3A7bcff8ee63c5cfc7. Public record. Not legal advice.