# Tribal Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program > Briefs, arguments, decisions, and more. URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/tribal%3Aconfederated_clusi%3A6a3d82aa6a6c1aad ## Record - **Collection:** Tribal code - **Document type:** Tribal code ## Text Tribal Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program Surface Water & Fixed Station Quality Assurance Project Plan Version 4.0 Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua & Siuslaw Indians Natural Resources Department February 26, 2016 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 1 Distribution List Copies of the completed/signed QAPP are distributed to: Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians 1245 Fulton Avenue, Coos Bay, Oregon 97420 Alexis Barry Margaret Corvi (541) 888-9577 (541) 888-9577 Tribal Administrator Director, DNR Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10 Tribal Trust & Assistance Unit Oregon Operations Office 805 SW Broadway, Suite 500 Portland, OR 97205 Kristine Carre (503) 326-7024 Tribal Operations Coordinator Department of Environmental Quality 2020 SW 4th Avenue, Suite 400 Portland, OR 97201 Christine Svetkovich (503) 725-2180 Tribal Liaison Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 3 Table of Contents A.1 Project/Task Organization ..................................................................................... 7 A.2 Problem Definition/Background ............................................................................. 7 A2.a Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program (IWQMP)................................... 8 A2.b Water Program Development ........................................................................... 9 A.3 Project Task/Description ...................................................................................... 10 A3.a Tribal Waters and Watershed Description ...................................................... 11 A3.b Monitoring Locations, Monitored Parameters, and Monitoring Frequency ...... 15 A.4 Quality Objectives & Performance Measurement Criteria .................................... 21 A4.a Precision ........................................................................................................ 21 A4.b Accuracy/Bias ................................................................................................ 22 A4.c Sensitivity ....................................................................................................... 22 A4.d Representativeness ....................................................................................... 22 A4.e Comparability ................................................................................................. 23 A4.f Completeness ................................................................................................. 24 A.5 Special Training and Certification ........................................................................ 24 A.6 Documentation and Records ............................................................................... 24 B.1 Experimental Design (Sampling Process Design)................................................ 25 B1.a Sampling Sites and Sampling Types .............................................................. 25 B1.b Sampling Network .......................................................................................... 26 B1.c Locations and Sampling (includes Tables) ..................................................... 26 Estuarine Water Quality Monitoring Sites............................................................ 44 Stream Water Quality Monitoring: ....................................................................... 46 Lake Water Quality Monitoring: ........................................................................... 47 Beach Water Quality Monitoring: ........................................................................ 48 B1.d Measured Parameter and Associated Equipment .......................................... 49 Dissolved Oxygen ............................................................................................... 49 Water pH ............................................................................................................ 50 Nutrients and Chlorophyll.................................................................................... 51 Water Temperature............................................................................................. 53 Turbidity.............................................................................................................. 54 Macroinvertebrate Assemblage .......................................................................... 55 Bacteria .............................................................................................................. 56 Aquatic Habitat Surveys ..................................................................................... 57 Salinity/Specific Conductivity .............................................................................. 57 Water Depth ....................................................................................................... 58 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 4 Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) ............................................................................. 60 Backup Equipment ............................................................................................. 60 B.2 Sampling Methods ............................................................................................... 62 Sondes ................................................................................................................... 62 Discrete Sample Collection .................................................................................... 63 Nutrient Sampling Protocol ..................................................................................... 63 Diel Sampling Protocol ........................................................................................... 64 Macroinvertebrate Sampling Protocol..................................................................... 66 Bacteria Sampling Protocol .................................................................................... 70 Aquatic Habitat Assessment Protocol..................................................................... 71 HAB’s Sampling Protocol ....................................................................................... 81 B.3 Sample Handling and Custody Procedures ......................................................... 83 B.3a Sample Receipt and Log-in Procedures ......................................................... 84 B.3b Field Notebook ............................................................................................... 85 B.4 Analytical Methods .............................................................................................. 85 B.5 Quality Control..................................................................................................... 85 Quality Control for Fixed Station Monitoring ........................................................... 85 Quality Control for Laboratory Analysis .................................................................. 86 Nutrients and Chlorophyll a................................................................................. 86 Macroinvertebrates ............................................................................................. 87 Microbiological .................................................................................................... 90 HAB’s ................................................................................................................. 90 B.6 Instrument/Equipment Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance .............................. 92 B.7 Instrument/Equipment Calibration and Frequency ............................................... 92 B.8 Inspection/Acceptance of Supplies and Consumables......................................... 93 C.1 Data Acquisition Requirements ........................................................................... 93 C.2 Data Management ............................................................................................... 93 C.3 Assessments and Response Actions .................................................................. 94 C.4 Reports to Management ...................................................................................... 94 D.1 Data Review, Verification and Validation ............................................................. 95 D.2 Verification and Validation Methods .................................................................... 95 D.3 Reconciliation with User Requirements ............................................................... 95 References ................................................................................................................ 96 Attachments............................................................................................................... 97 Attachment A: U.S. EPA Letter ............................................................................... 98 Attachment B: Map of Tribal Watershed ................................................................. 99 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 5 Attachment C: Lab and Field Sheets .................................................................... 100 Attachment D: Legal Sample Chain-Of Custody Procedure (From DEQ LAB: Field Sampling Reference Guide Revision 6.0) ............................................................. 106 Attachment E: Chain of Custody Forms................................................................ 108 CTCLUSI Chain of Custody .............................................................................. 108 Aquatic Biology Associates Sample Log ........................................................... 109 Lake Superior State University Chain of Custody ............................................. 110 Attachment F: University of Washington School of Oceanography Nutrient and Chlorophyll Sampling Standard Operating Procedures (http://www.ocean.washington.edu/file/Sampling+Procedures) ............................ 111 Attachment G: Contract Lab Certifications............................................................ 115 Last Page of QAPP 4.0 ............................................................................................ 122 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 6 A.1 Project/Task Organization The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires all grantees to complete a detailed Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) prior to the collection of environmental data. A QAPP is drafted and submitted to EPA for final review and approval. The purpose of the following QAPP 4.0 is to update previous EPA-approved QAPPs to reflect changes to the Tribes’ Water Quality Monitoring Program. The project team organization provides the framework for conducting the sample collection tasks to meet project objectives outlined in this QAPP. The organizational structure and function also facilitate project performance and adherence to QA procedures and QA requirements. Key roles are filled by those persons responsible for ensuring program planning, sample collection, data generation, data verification, as well as the persons responsible for validating data for usability with final products and deliverables. Below is an outline of the Tribes’ Environmental Protection Division staff and respective description of responsibilities to fulfill for the water quality monitoring program. Natural Resources Environmental Protection: Organization & Responsibilities Director: Responsible for project completion, reporting, and ensures that the EPA approved QAPP is implemented correctly. Provides oversight in program design and may participate in sample collection and analyses. May, at any time, perform quality assurance duties as needed. Water Protection Staff: The water protection specialist, water protection specialist/biologist, and the air and water protection specialist are responsible for project design, water sampling, laboratory analysis of water samples and the calibration, deployment, auditing of extended deployment equipment, data management, data analyses, and reporting. They ensure that all water sampling is performed according to the most current EPA approved QAPP and are responsible for keeping an updated field record documenting data gathered for the project and ensuring that all equipment is in working order and calibrated prior to field deployment. A.2 Problem Definition/Background The Tribes currently own approximately 547 acres of land, 160 acres of which are held in trust by the Bureau of Indian Affairs and 387 acres are held in fee status. The Tribes’ current land holdings are scattered among the Siuslaw River, Umpqua River, Tenmile Lakes, Coos River, and Sixes River watersheds and consist of riparian areas, wetlands, forestlands, coastal beach front, lakefront, rural residential and commercial development land uses. Impairments to water quality occur within all of these Tribal watersheds. Tribal lands that contain or border water resources are generally impaired by non-point sources that do not originate from Tribal lands. Impaired water quality on and near these lands continues to be a problem that impacts the health and availability of Tribal resources. To address these water quality impairments, the Tribes’ have established an Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 7 EPA approved 106 water quality monitoring program that includes the implementation of both seasonal and continuous (fixed station) monitoring. The first Water Quality Monitoring Program (WMQP) QAPP was written and approved for surface water quality monitoring in December 2003. In January 2004, the WQMP collected pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and salinity/conductivity data. In 2006, the WQP began to incorporate the use of continuous data loggers and bacteria monitoring (E. Coli and Enterococcus) at estuarine monitoring sites. Continuous monitoring of water quality enhanced the amount of water quality data and understanding of how water quality conditions change throughout tidal cycles. A key requirement within this new program guidance document was that Tribes collecting water quality data using funding from § 106 of the Clean Water Act were now required to collect and report on nine water quality parameters. The parameters identified in the guidance document are dissolved oxygen, pH, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, water temperature, turbidity, macroinvertebrates, bacteria (E. coli and/or Enterococcus), and basic habitat information. The WQMP worked to incorporate all nine EPA required water quality monitoring parameters. In April 2007, EPA approved QAPP 3.0 which enabled the WQMP to be considered a mature water quality monitoring program. In 2011, a review of existing data and other fixed station monitoring programs led the Tribes to modify their monitoring program. To modify the CTCLUSI water quality monitoring program, the Tribes’ decided that the fixed station monitoring data should be collected using methodology similar to that of other agencies collecting fixed station data in waters of or pertaining to Tribal lands. Fixed station monitoring is defined in this QAPP as monitoring data that is collected continuously at a regular interval at a fixed location. This QAPP (4.0) is intended to integrate the Tribes’ adapted Fixed Station Monitoring Program (2011) and Water Quality Program (2008) QAPPs. This QAPP (4.0) will be used to guide the focused development and expansion of the Tribes’ Water Quality Monitoring Program and allow the Tribes’ to easily communicate protocols and procedures with outside agencies and partners. The Tribes’ integration of these QAPPs will enhance our ability to engage in comprehensive, interagency, fixed-station monitoring network efforts. These kinds of efforts are rapidly becoming the focus of many ongoing resource management and research projects currently monitored by the Tribes’ base 106 water quality monitoring program. This QAPP (4.0) describes the field and lab work that will be conducted by the Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians’ Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program. Data collected under this QAPP (4.0) will be used to assess whether Tribal, state, and/or federally designated beneficial uses are being supported and to help maintain a baseline of water quality conditions for waterbodies within the waters of or pertaining to Tribal lands. A2.a Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program (IWQMP) Currently, the Tribes implement seasonal, discrete and continuous water quality monitoring. YSI EXO Sondes and/or YSI 6600 Sondes, which will soon be phased out by Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 8 EXO Sondes, are deployed to collect continuous water quality data from four fixedstations. Two of the Tribes’ fixed stations are located in lower Coos Bay and complement eight fixed-stations installed and maintained by the South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve (SSNERR). The additional fixed-stations are located in the Lower Siuslaw Estuary and are the only fixed-stations currently installed in this region of the Siuslaw watershed. Discrete and continuous water quality monitoring, including toxic algal (HAB) sampling will be implemented near the Tribes’ Camp Easter Seals property on Tenmile Lakes in the near future. Additional fixed-station installations and monitoring conducted under this QAPP will be based on assessments of regional water quality data needs, Tribal land acquisitions, and watershed wide partnership opportunities between the Tribes and other agencies collecting water quality data within Tribal watersheds, as determined by the Director. Additional seasonal and discrete monitoring will be performed as staff time allows. Inactive sites or other locations of interest to the Tribes’ may be added to this Water Quality Program as amendments. Sites will be identified based on assessments of regional water quality data needs (303(d) listings), Tribal land acquisitions, and recreational Tribal membership use, and grounded in watershed wide partnership opportunities between the Tribes and other agencies to collect water quality data within Tribal watersheds, as determined by the Director. Importantly, seasonal adjustments to nutrient, chlorophyll and toxic algal sampling will be determined by data review and technical staff consensus. Waterbodies that will be monitored under this QAPP include freshwater and tidally influenced rivers, estuaries, lakes, and near-shore areas located within the Tribes’ 5County Service Area. A2.b Water Program Development As a sovereign federally recognized Tribal Government, the Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians (Tribes) have both the rights and responsibilities with respect to the management and protection of Tribal resources. The Natural Resources Department is responsible for fulfilling these responsibilities and exercising these rights. The mission statement for the Environmental Protection Division of the Natural Resources Department is research, monitor, assess, manage, conserve, protect, enhance, utilize, and restore the natural resources within the Tribes’ Ancestral Territory, consistent with Tribal values. In an effort to accomplish this mission and protect water quality and Tribal resources, the Tribes receive funding from EPA through §106 and §319 of the Federal Clean Water Act. This funding has enabled the Tribes to develop and implement a Water Quality Monitoring Program (WQMP). This funding is a critical component of the WQMP and the ability of the Tribes to collect highgrade water quality data. This data can be used to document short-term variability and long-term changes in water quality, and tie water quality to potential impacts on watershed health, Tribal and community health, and the health of Tribal resources. Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 9 A.3 Project Task/Description The objective of the IWQMP is to collect high-grade water quality data that results in a representative data set that documents short-term variability and long-term changes in estuarine, stream, and lake water quality within Tribal watersheds. The data collected will assist in the research and development of TMDL’s, strategic action plans addressing the effects of point and non-point source pollution and climate change, and potential restoration projects, including, but not limited to, wetlands and Tribal resources restoration projects, and provide valuable effectiveness data for these projects to determine mitigation and restoration achievements. Data collected from the project will also be used to determine the extent of impairments to Tribal waters and assist agencies in 303(d), 305(b), TMDL(s) development efforts. The data can also be used by collaborators that may be interested in how water quality is potentially impacting a resource or an ecosystem within a particular watershed. The IWQMP promotes partnerships with local, state, federal, and Tribal stakeholders that are interested in improving water quality conditions. Currently, the Tribes actively collaborate with the Siuslaw Watershed Council (SWC) whom are currently limited to volunteers to perform water sampling and use our water quality data to supplement their data. The South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve (SSNERR) is also another agency in which the Tribes collaborates. In the past, they have provided us with telemetry equipment that has allowed us to upload our continuous data from our BLM site on the Coos River via real-time in exchange for data sharing and other services. The purpose of the Tribes’ IWQMP is to determine whether water quality criteria/benchmarks are being met, and beneficial uses are being supported, for waterbodies of or pertaining to the reservation and other Tribal lands. Establishing a baseline of water quality conditions for all Tribal waters and periodically reassessing the baseline water quality to evaluate short-term variability and long term trends is an important component of this program objective in order to develop and implement strategic action plans to help mitigate the effects of point and non-point source pollution and climate change. The Tribes’ monitoring builds upon the existing state collected water quality data and supports ongoing watershed wide sampling and assessment activities implemented by Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ), the Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA); Department of State Lands (DSL)/SSNERR; the Coos Watershed Association (CWA); (SWC); the Siuslaw Estuary Partnership (SEP); the South Coast Coordinating Watershed Council and other local agencies/organizations. Water quality sampling conducted under this QAPP will complement all of the above monitoring efforts. Objectives of the Tribes’ Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program are: 1. Collect high-grade water quality data year-round. Review, integrate, and synthesize existing water quality monitoring and watershed assessment data. Document short term and long-term water quality trends for Tribal waters. 2. Generate independent assessments and conduct analysis of potential impacts associated with tidal dynamics and watershed inputs that may be occurring to Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 10 Tribal resources and watersheds as well as from point and nonpoint source pollution and climate change. 3. Address relationship gaps between tidally influenced and watershed driven inputs, as well as impairments to water quality associated with bacteria, sediment, and nutrient transport within Tribal watersheds. 4. Assess local water quality issues such as low dissolved oxygen, eutrophication, toxic algae, chemical & biological (e.g. bacteria) contamination, habitat modification, and cumulative impacts. 5. Assess whether water quality standards are being met and beneficial uses are being supported. Establish baseline water quality conditions for all pertinent uses. Review and provide data for Water Quality Assessments, Listings (CWA 305(b), 303(d)), and TMDL(s). 6. Continue to develop and expand the monitoring program to include a wetland monitoring program, TMDL(s) monitoring program, fish/shellfish/lamprey tissue monitoring program, and oceanic planning. 7. Develop and implement a strategic action plan that addresses the projected effects of climate change on ambient waters and Tribal resources. 8. Continue to build partnerships with water quality stakeholders within the Tribes’ Ancestral Watersheds. A3.a Tribal Waters and Watershed Description The following is a brief overview of each of the Tribal watersheds wherein the Tribes conduct water quality monitoring, and/or watersheds that are located within the Tribes’ ancestral territory and potential impairments to those watersheds. Siuslaw Watershed The Siuslaw watershed is a 4th field HUC watershed that drains an area of approximately 4500 square miles in the Central Oregon Coast Range southwest of the Willamette Valley. The headwaters of the Siuslaw mainstem begin approximately 5 miles west of Cottage Grove and flow generally WNW through the Oregon Coast Mountain Range, past the small town of Swisshome, OR, for approximately 110 miles, and finally terminate in the Pacific Ocean at Florence, OR. Land use in the Siuslaw Watershed is dominated by forestry, with ranching, rural residences, and the City and Port of Florence also contributing to the landscape. The Siuslaw River estuary is classified by the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD) as a Shallow Draft Development estuary. These estuaries are managed for navigation and other public needs consistent with overall estuary management rules. Water quality in several portions of the Siuslaw Watershed is impaired or is of potential concern. Impairments in headwater tributaries include alkalinity, ammonia, antimony, arsenic, aquatic weeds/algae, barium, biological criteria, cadmium, chloride, chlorophyll Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 11 a, chromium, copper, dissolved oxygen, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, nutrients, pH, phosphate phosphorus, phosphorus, sedimentation, selenium, silver, temperature, thallium, and zinc, while impairments in the estuary include elevated temperature, sedimentation, and dissolved oxygen. Other issues in the estuary and river include enterococcus (at the mouth of the river) and fecal coliform. The Siuslaw River is 303(d) listed for alkalinity, ammonia, biological criteria, chloride, chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, fecal coliform, nutrients, pH, phosphate phosphorus, sedimentation, and temperature. The North Fork Siuslaw River is 303(d) listed for sedimentation from river mile 0.4, and for temperature from the mouth year round. The USFS 1994 North Fork Siuslaw River Watershed Analysis indicates streambeds which have been scoured down to bedrock, and riparian forests reduced for pastures and home sites, as being the primary contributors to elevated stream temperatures. North Fork Siuslaw Tributaries – Condon Creek, Drew Creek, McLeod Creek, Morris Creek, Porter Creek, Russell Creek, and Taylor Creek– are included on the ODEQ 303(d) list: Condon Creek is impaired by alkalinity, ammonia, biological criteria, chloride, dissolved oxygen, pH, phosphate phosphorus, temperature; Drew Creek is impaired by sedimentation; McLeod Creek is impaired by both sedimentation and temperature; Morris Creek is impaired by sedimentation; Porter Creek is impaired by biological criteria and sedimentation; Russell Creek is impaired by biological criteria; and Taylor Creek is impaired by sedimentation. Umpqua Watershed The Umpqua watershed is a 3rd field HUC watershed. The 111 mile long Umpqua mainstem is formed by the confluence of the North Umpqua River, which begins at Lake Maidu near Mt. Thielsen and the South Umpqua River, which flows from the confluence of Black Rock Fork and Castle Rock Fork, near Fish Lake, approximately 6 miles northwest of Roseburg and flows northwesterly through the Coast Range and west past Scottsburg, OR. The Smith River is received by the Umpqua River from the north near Winchester Bay and terminates in the Pacific Ocean at Reedsport, OR. Land use in the Umpqua Watershed is dominated by forestry, with ranching, rural residences, and the City and Port of Reedsport contributing to watershed activities. The Umpqua River estuary is classified by the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD) as a Shallow Draft Development estuary. These estuaries are managed for navigation and other public needs consistent with overall estuary management rules. Water quality is impaired at headwater tributaries where tide-gates and levees contribute to elevated temperatures, sedimentation, depressed dissolved oxygen, and barriers to fish passage. Other impairments include alkalinity, ammonia, antimony, arsenic, aquatic weeds/algae, barium, beryllium, biological criteria, cadmium, chloride, chlorophyll a, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, pH, phosphate phosphorus, phosphorus, selenium, silver, thallium, and zinc. E. coli, enterococcus (at the mouth of the river) and fecal coliform are also a concern in the estuary and river. The Umpqua River is 303(d) listed for alkalinity, ammonia, aquatic weeds/algae, chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, e. coli, fecal coliform, nutrients, pH, phosphate phosphorus, sedimentation, and temperature. Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 12 Tenmile Lakes Watershed The Tenmile Lakes watershed is a 5th field HUC watershed that encompasses approximately 98 square miles. Land-use in the Tenmile Lakes watershed is dominated by forestry, followed by recreation, agriculture, and residential uses. The Elliot State Forest comprises roughly a third of the watershed. There are ten lakes within the watershed with a combined surface area of about 4.7 square miles or 5% of the watershed. These lakes and their drainages together can be further subdivided into three subbasins: the Eel Lake subbasin, Saunders Creek subbasin, and Tenmile subbasin. The Eel Lake subbasin consists of North Clear Lake, Edna Lake, Teal Lake, Schuttpelz Lake, and Hall Lake, which are all drained by Clear Creek into Eel Lake. Eel Lake is drained by Eel Creek, which flows into Tenmile Creek. The Saunders Creek subbasin, covers the drainages of Saunders Lake, South Clear Lake, and Saunders Creek. Saunders Creek flows along the eastern edge of the dunes and into Tenmile Creek. The Tenmile Subbasin, the easternmost subbasin in the watershed, includes North and South Tenmile Lakes and their respective drainage areas. Tenmile Creek carries the water from this subbasin for about five miles, past the entrance of Eel and Saunders creeks, to the Pacific Ocean. Tenmile Lake is the largest and farthest south in the chain of lake basins that drain the west side of the Coast Range south of the Umpqua River. Other major tributaries entering the various arms include: Shutter Creek, Adams Creek, Johnson Creek, and Benson Creek. Water quality in several portions of the Tenmile Lakes watershed is impaired or is of potential concern. Impairments include alkalinity, ammonia, antimony, arsenic, aquatic weeds/algae, barium, biological criteria, cadmium, chloride, chlorophyll a, chromium, copper, dissolved oxygen, e. coli, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, pH, phosphate phosphorus, sedimentation, selenium, silver, temperature, thallium, turbidity, and zinc. Tenmile Lake is 303(d) listed for alkalinity, ammonia, aquatic weeds/algae, chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, iron, nutrients, pH, phosphate phosphorus, sedimentation, and temperature. Tenmile Lakes Basin Partnership has indicated that many problems such as eutrophication, sedimentation due to land use patterns, and invasive species have contributed to current lake conditions. Potentially toxic algae blooms thrive in these conditions and need to be monitored. Coos Watershed The Coos watershed is a 4th field HUC watershed located in Oregon’s South Coast Basin. The Coos watershed area is approximately 900 square miles and drains into the Pacific Ocean via the Coos River Estuary. The estuary has an estimated water surface area of 12,380 acres.The two major tributaries to the estuary are the Millicoma and the Coos River. Approximately 30 other tidally influenced sloughs and creeks enter the estuary directly, including, but not limited to: North, Haynes, Kentuck, Willanch, Catching, Isthmus, Coalbank, Pony, Joe Ney and South Sloughs, and Palouse, and Larson Creeks. The upper portions of the basin are comprised of BLM and private timber lands, whereas agriculture and grazing dominate the lower lands. The basin also Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 13 contains the communities of Coos Bay and North Bend. Swimming, boating, shellfish harvesting and fishing are popular recreational activities throughout the area. Water quality in several portions of the Coos Watershed is impaired or is of potential concern. Impairments in headwater tributaries include acrolein, alkalinity, ammonia, antimony, arsenic, aquatic weeds/algae, barium, benzene, biological criteria, cadmium, carbon tetrachloride, chloride, chlorinated benzene, chloroform, chlorophyll a, chromium, copper, dichlorobenzenes, dichloroethane,1,2, dichloroethylenes, dichloropropene, dissolved oxygen, halomethanes, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, monochlorobenzene, nickel, nutrients, pH, phosphate phosphorus, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, sedimentation, selenium, silver, temperature, tetrachloroethylene 1,1,2,2, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, thallium, tributyltin, trichloroethane, 1,1,1, trichloroethane 1,1,2, trichloroethylene, toxics, turbidity, vinyl chloride, and zinc, while impairments in the estuary include elevated temperature, sedimentation, and dissolved oxygen. Other issues in the estuary and river include e coli., enterococcus (at the mouth of the river), and fecal coliform. Coos Bay is 303(d) listed for ammonia, chlorophyll a, chromium, copper, enterococcus, fecal coliform, lead, pH, nickel, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, sedimentation, tributyltin, and zinc. Sixes Watershed The Sixes watershed is a 4th field HUC watershed that drains an area of approximately 134 square miles. Sixes River is almost entirely situated within Curry County except for a small arm of the Upper Sixes Main-Stem sub-watershed that extends into Coos County, flowing in a westerly direction and terminating in the Pacific Ocean just north of Cape Blanco. Forestry is the most dominant land use in the Sixes River Watershed. Grazing, rural residential development and other agricultural uses are dominant in the lower portion of the basin. The Sixes River estuary is approximately 330 acres in area and has a watershed of approximately 129 square miles. Head of tide is about 2.5 miles from the mouth. The estuary is designated as a Nature Estuary under the Oregon Estuary Classification system, and it is listed by The Wetlands Conservancy as one of “Oregon’s Greatest Wetland’s”. Water quality in several portions of the Sixes Watershed is impaired or is of potential concern. Impairments in headwater tributaries include alkalinity, ammonia, antimony, arsenic, aquatic weeds/algae, barium, biological criteria, cadmium, chloride, chlorophyll a, chromium, copper, dissolved oxygen, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, pH, phosphate phosphorus, phosphorus, sedimentation, selenium, silver, temperature, thallium, and zinc, while impairments in the estuary include elevated temperature, sedimentation, and dissolved oxygen. Other issues in the estuary and river include e coli., enterococcus (at the mouth of the river), and fecal coliform. The Sixes River is 303(d) listed for alkalinity, ammonia, biological criteria, chloride, chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, pH, sedimentation, and temperature. Additional parameters of concern are e. coli and fecal coliform. Data collected for local watershed assessments for this area appear to indicate that water quality within the Sixes River is moderately impaired due to high nitrate, phosphorus, and fecal coliform levels. Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 14 Nitrate levels tend to exceed water quality standards during early winter high flow (storm) events. In addition, high phosphate and fecal coliform levels tend to occur from fall through early spring. Instances when phosphate and fecal coliform levels exceed standards may also correlate with high flow events. A3.b Monitoring Locations, Monitored Parameters, and Monitoring Frequency The locations and parameters monitored by the Tribes’ 106 water quality monitoring program along with their monitoring frequency are listed in the table below. Additionally, 303(d) listed parameters for each waterbody monitored by the Tribes, some of which TMDL’s have not been established, are listed in the table. Action limits for monitored parameters follow the 106 monitoring table. Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 15 Waterbody Name Lat./Long Parameters monitored Monitoring frequency 303d List Parameter(s) Parameter: Alkalinity Season: Year Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s): Aquatic Life Status: Insufficient data, potential concern Parameter: Ammonia Season: Year Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s): Aquatic Life Status: Attaining some criteria/uses Parameter: Biological Criteria Season: Year Round Listed :2010 Beneficial Use(s): Aquatic Life Status: Water quality limited, 303(d) list, TMDL needed Parameter: Chloride Season: Year Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s): Aquatic Life Status: Insufficient data Parameter: Chlorophyll a Season: Fall, Winter, Spring; Summer Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s): Water supply; Water contact recreation; Fishing; Aesthetics; Livestock watering Status: Insufficient data; Attaining some criteria/uses Siuslaw River, Cox Island – Siuslaw Watershed 43° 58' 27'' N -124° 04' 16'' W Field Measurements: Water Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Salinity/Specific Conductivity, pH, Turbidity, and Depth Year Round: 15 minute intervals Parameter: Dissolved Oxygen Season: Year Round (Non-spawning); Year Round Listed: 2004; 2002 Beneficial Use(s): Estuarine water, Cold-water aquatic life; Anadromous fish passage; Salmonid fish rearing; Salmonid fish spawning Status: Attaining some criteria/uses; Water quality limited, 303(d) list, TMDL needed Parameter: Fecal Coliform Season: Year Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s) Water contact recreation, Shellfish growing Status: Water quality limited, 303(d) list, TMDL needed. Parameter: Nutrients Season: Undefined Listed: 1998 Beneficial Use(s): Aesthetics Status: Insufficient data Parameter: pH Season: Year Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s): Water contact recreation; Salmonid fish spawning; Resident fish and aquatic life; Anadromous fish passage; Salmonid fish rearing Status: Attaining some criteria/uses Parameter: Phosphate Phosphorus Season: Summer Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s): Aquatic life Status: Insufficient data Parameter: Sedimentation Season: Undefined Listed: 1998 Beneficial Use(s): Salmonid fish rearing; Resident fish and aquatic life; Salmonid fish spawning Status: Insufficient data Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 16 North Fork Siuslaw River – Siuslaw Watershed North Tenmile Lakes—Tenmile Lakes Watershed 43° 58' 40'' N -124° 04' 48'' W Laboratory: Bacteria (e.coli and enterococcus) Monthly/After storm events Laboratory: Nutrients (TN and TP), and Chlorophyll Seasonally to Quarterly (as staff and resources allow) Field Measurements: Water Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Salinity/Specific Conductivity, pH, Turbidity, and Depth Year Round: 15 minute intervals Laboratory: Bacteria (e.col and enterococcus) Monthly/After storm events Laboratory: Nutrients (TN and TP), and Chlorophyll Seasonally to Quarterly (as staff and resources allow) Field Measurements: Water Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Salinity/Specific Conductivity, pH, Turbidity, and Depth Year Round: 15 minute intervals Laboratory: Bacteria (e.coli) Monthly/After storm events Laboratory: Nutrients (TN and TP), and Chlorophyll Seasonally Parameter: Temperature Season: Year Round (Non-spawning) Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s): Salmon and trout rearing and migration Status: Water quality limited, 303(d) list, TMDL needed. Parameter: Sedimentation Season: Undefined Listed:1998 Beneficial Use(s): Resident fish and aquatic life , Salmonid fish rearing, Salmonid fish spawning Status: Water quality limited, 303(d) list, TMDL needed Parameter: Temperature Season: Year Round (Non-spawning) Listed :2004 Beneficial Use(s): Salmon and trout rearing and migration Status: Water quality limited, 303(d) list, TMDL needed. Parameter: Alkalinity Season: Year Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial Uses: Aquatic Life Status: Insufficient data Parameter: Ammonia Season: Year Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial Uses: Aquatic Life Status: Insufficient data Parameter: pH Season: Summer Listed: 2004 Beneficial Uses: Resident fish and aquatic life; Water contact recreation Status: Insufficient data Parameter: Phosphate Phosphorus Season: Summer Listed: 2004 Beneficial Uses: Aquatic life Status: Insufficient data 43° 35' 59.8'' N -124° 7’ 33.8'' W or 43° 35' 56.7'' N -124° 7’ 25.6'' W Parameter: Dissolved Oxygen Season: Year Round (Non-spawning) Listed: 2004 Beneficial Uses: Coldwater aquatic life Status: Insufficient data Laboratory: Toxic Algae Seasonally Parameter: Iron Season: Year Round Listed: 2012 Beneficial Uses: Aquatic life Status: Insufficient data Parameter: Nutrients Season: Undefined Listed: 1998 Beneficial Uses: Aesthetics Status: Insufficient data Parameter: Sedimentation Season: Undefined Listed: 2010 Beneficial Uses: Status: Water quality limited, TMDL approved Coos River, Lower Bay, North Spit, BLM boat ramp – Coos Watershed 43° 24' 54.83'' N -124° 16' 42.60'' W Field Measurements: Water Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Salinity/Specific Conductivity, pH, Turbidity, and Depth Year Round: 15 minute intervals Laboratory: Bacteria (e.coli and enterococcus) Monthly/After storm events Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 Parameter: Ammonia Season: Year Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s): Aquatic life Status: Insufficient data Parameter: Chlorophyll a Season: Summer Listed: 2004 Beneficial Uses: Water contact recreation; 17 Aesthetics; Livestock watering; Water supply; Fishing Status: Insufficient data Parameter: Fecal Coliform Season: Year Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s): Shellfish growing; Water contact recreation Status: Water quality limited, 303(d) list, TMDL needed Laboratory: Nutrients (TN and TP), and Chlorophyll Seasonally to Quarterly (as staff and resources allow) Parameter: pH Season: Year Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s): Resident fish and aquatic life; Water contact recreation Status: Insufficient data Parameter: Sedimentation Season: Undefined Listed: 1998 Beneficial Use(s): Salmonid fish rearing; Salmonid fish spawning; Resident fish and aquatic life Status: Insufficient data Parameter: Ammonia Season: Year Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s): Aquatic life Status: Insufficient data Field Measurements: Water Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Salinity/Specific Conductivity, pH, Turbidity, and Depth Coos River, Lower Bay, Empire Docks – Coos Watershed Pacific Ocean, Gregory Point – Coos Watershed Year Round: 15 minute intervals 43° 23' 39.37'' N -124° 16' 49.80'' W TBD Laboratory: Bacteria (e.coli enterococcus) Monthly/After storm events Laboratory: Nutrients (TN and TP), and Chlorophyll, Seasonally to Quarterly (as staff and resources allow) Field Measurements: Water Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Salinity/Specific Conductivity, pH, Turbidity, and Depth Laboratory: Bacteria (enterococcus) Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 Parameter: Chlorophyll a Season: Summer Listed: 2004 Beneficial Uses: Water contact recreation; Aesthetics; Livestock watering; Water supply; Fishing Status: Insufficient data Parameter: Fecal Coliform Season: Year Around Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s): Shellfish growing; Water contact recreation Status: Water quality limited, 303(d) list, TMDL needed Parameter: pH Season: Year Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s): Resident fish and aquatic life; Water contact recreation Status: Insufficient data Parameter: Sedimentation Season: Undefined Listed: 1998 Beneficial Use(s): Salmonid fish rearing; Salmonid fish spawning; Resident fish and aquatic life Status: Insufficient data Adjacent Location Listings (Sunset Bay and Bastendorf Beach) Monthly/After storm events Parameter: Enterococcus Season: Fall, Winter, Spring; Summer Listed: 2010 Beneficial Use(s): Water contact recreation Status: Water quality limited, 303(d) list, TMDL needed 18 Parameter: Alkalinity Season: Year Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s): Aquatic life Status: Insufficient data, potential concern Parameter: Ammonia Season: Year Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s): Aquatic life Status: Attaining some criteria/uses Parameter: Biological Criteria Season: Year Round Listed :2010 Beneficial Use(s): Aquatic Life Status: Water quality limited, 303(d) list, TMDL needed Parameter: Chloride Season: Year Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s): Aquatic Life Status: Insufficient data Field Measurements: Water Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Salinity/Specific Conductivity, pH, Turbidity, and Depth Parameter: Chlorophyll a Season: Fall, Winter, Spring; Summer Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s): Fishing; Aesthetics; Livestock watering; Water supply; Water contact recreation Status: Insufficient data; Attaining some criteria/uses (Summer) Sixes River – Sixes Watershed Seasonally to Quarterly (as staff and resources allow) 42° 48' 39.5'' N 124° 26' 43.3'' W Parameter: Dissolved Oxygen Season: Year Round (Nonspawning); Oct. 15 to May15 Listed: 2010; 2004 Beneficial Use(s): Cold-water aquatic life; Salmon and steelhead spawning Status: Water quality limited, 303(d) listed, TMDL needed. Parameter: E.Coli Season: Year Around Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s): Water contact recreation Status: Attaining some criteria/uses Laboratory: Bacteria (e.coli) Parameter: Fecal Coliform Season: Year Around Listed: 1998 Beneficial Use(s): Water contact recreation Status: Attaining some criteria/uses Parameter: pH Season: Year Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s): Water contact recreation; Salmonid fish spawning; Resident fish and aquatic life; Anadromous fish passage; Salmonid fish rearing Status: Attaining some criteria/uses Laboratory: Nutrients (TN and TP), Chlorophyll, Basic Habitat Information, and Macroinvertebrates Parameter: Sedimentation Season: Undefined Listed: 1998 Beneficial Use(s): Salmonid fish rearing; Salmonid fish spawning; Resident fish and aquatic life Status: Insufficient data Parameter: Temperature Season: Year Round (Non-spawning) Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s): Salmon and trout rearing and migration Status: Water quality limited, 303(d) list, TMDL needed. Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 19 Parameter Monitored Dissolved Oxygen (Ocean Waters) Dissolved Oxygen (Estuarine Waters) Reporting Limit Source No measurable reduction allowed OAR 340-041-0016 <6.5 mg/L OAR 340-041-0016 Dissolved Oxygen (Cold Waters) <8.0 mg/L 30 day mean min; <6.5 mg/L seven-day min mean; <6.0 mg/L absolute min OAR 340-041-0016 Dissolved Oxygen (Cool Waters) <6.5 mg/L 30 day mean min; <5.0 mg/L seven-day min mean; <4.0 mg/L absolute min OAR 340-041-0016 Dissolved Oxygen (Warm Waters) <5.5 mg/L 30 day mean min; <4.0 mg/L absolute min OAR 340-041-0016 May not fall outside of 7.0-8.5 range OAR 340-041-0021 May not fall outside of 6.5-8.5 range OAR 340-041-0021 Total Phosphorus (Streams) >100 µg/L USEPA Total Phosphorus (Streams that enter lakes/reservoirs) >50 µg/L USEPA Total Phosphorus (Lakes/reservoirs) >25 µg/L USEPA Ammonia* (Salmonid Species Present) OAR 340-041-8033 Total Nitrogen (Marine Waters) May not fall outside 0.27mg/L- 33 mg/L once every 3 years depending on pH, temperature, and salinity >0.20 mg/L Total Nitrogen (Fresh Waters) >0.75 mg/L Chlorophyll a (Lakes with Thermal Stratification) Chlorophyll a (Lakes without Thermal Stratification, Reservoirs, Rivers, and Estuaries) >0.01 mg/L Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Water Quality Standards Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Water Quality Standards OAR 340-041-0019 >0.015 mg/L OAR 340-041-0019 Temperature (Salmon and Trout Rearing and Migration: Year Round) Temperature (Salmon Habitat: Healthy Adult) Temperature (Salmon Habitat: Healthy Juvenile) Turbidity >18° C (64.4 °F) seven-day avg. max temp May not fall outside of 7.2-15.6 °C (>25 °C Lethal) 12.2-13.9°C (>25 °C Lethal) >10 FNU OAR 340-041-0028 Macroinvertebrates Bacteria (Enterococcus) Fresh and Marine Waters Bacteria (E.coli) Marine Waters Basic Habitat Information IBI <20 70 CFU or 70 MPN per 100ml of water pH (Marine Waters) pH (Estuarine and Fresh Waters) Salinity/Specific Conductivity Depth HAB’s (Anatoxin-A) 235 CFU or 235 MPN per 100 ml of water Proper Functioning Condition Rates as Non-functioning <150 μS/cm N/A 20 μg/L Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 OWEB Water Quality Technical Manual OWEB Water Quality Technical Manual DEQ WQS Turbidity Technical Review Karr 1998 EPA-823-B-14-001 EPA-823-B-14-001 Riparian Area Management TR 1737-15 1998 OWEB Water Quality Technical Manual N/A OHA PHD Office of Environmental Public Health 20 HAB’s (Cylindrospermopsin) 6 μg/L HAB’s (Saxitoxin) 100 μg/L HAB’s (Microcystin) 10 μg/L OHA PHD Office of Environmental Public Health OHA PHD Office of Environmental Public Health OHA PHD Office of Environmental Public Health * Ammonia Acute Criteria Values are pH, temperature, and salinity dependent; using the following formula found at: http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/standards/docs/tables303140.pdf A.4 Quality Objectives & Performance Measurement Criteria Collecting high quality data is one of the most important goals of the Tribes’ IWQMP. Specific Quality Assurance (QA) objectives of this program are:    Collect a sufficient number of samples, sample duplicates, and field blanks to evaluate the sampling and measurement error. Analyze a sufficient number of Quality Control (QC) standards, blanks and duplicate samples in the laboratory environment to effectively evaluate results against numerical QA goals established for precision and accuracy. Implement sampling techniques in such a manner that the analytical results are representative of the media and conditions being sampled. The following Data Quality Indicators describe the quality of the data required to satisfy the goals and objectives of this project and is assessed by the following QA/QC parameters: a) b) c) d) e) f) Precision Accuracy/Bias Sensitivity Representativeness Comparability Completeness A4.a Precision Precision shall be estimated by measuring the variability of duplicate measurements. The best estimate of precision for the overall monitoring program is the comparison of duplicate samples collected in the field. The variability in the results obtained from field duplicate samples is the sum of the sampling and analytical variability (measurement uncertainty). In general, the control limit for duplicate samples collected in the field are:  +/- 20% Relative Percent Difference (RPD) for samples >5 times the Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) or +/- the LOQ for the difference between replicates when the concentrations are <5 times the LOQ. Field Duplicates will be collected at a frequency of one per sampling expedition -orone every 10% of samples, whichever is more. Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 21    Duplicate samples should be collected as discrete samples. Field duplicates must be collected within 15 minutes and 15 meters of each other, where the sample matrix is assumed to be homogeneous. If it is determined the field duplicate data is heterogeneous within a fifteen minute period or fifteen foot radius, the data users should use their professional judgment to determine if other project data meets their data quality needs. A4.b Accuracy/Bias Accuracy is a measure of the error between reported test results and the true sample concentration. It shall be estimated by measuring the bias of Measurement Error, even though bias is due to both systematic error in sampling and measurement variability. Systematic error attributable to sampling design shall be minimized and be considered acceptable by the following procedures. All instruments shall be calibrated using NIST traceable standards. Accuracy of the analytical systems will be checked using appropriate calibration standards or certified reference materials.  The accuracy of these materials is to be documented and maintained by CTCLUSI personnel. The instrument’s response to calibration standard or the certified reference material shall also be documented and fall within the method control limits. Prior to deployment or sample processing, no sooner than one hour, the equipment will be verified with standard or calibration solutions. A4.c Sensitivity Laboratory blank samples will be processed at a minimum of one per daily batch of field samples. Lab blanks and field duplicates will be used to assess sample handling contamination and method variation.   Laboratory blanks will use the same distilled water that is used to dilute the samples. Laboratory blanks will be produced prior to field work Method detection limits will be determined for all applicable analyses according to procedures described in 40 CFR part 136.  Reporting limits will be established at a concentration above the detection limit by the laboratory based on their experience with similar samples. A4.d Representativeness Representativeness is a qualitative term that expresses the degree to which data accurately and precisely denote a characteristic of a population, parameter variations at a sampling point, a process condition, or an environmental condition within a defined spatial and/or temporal boundary. Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 22 Representativeness of the field data will be assessed by verifying that the sampling program was implemented as proposed, and that proper sampling techniques were used. The assessment of representativeness in the laboratory will consist of verifying that the proper analytical procedures and appropriate methods were used.    Sampling procedures are designed so that results are representative of the matrix being sampled. Sample handling protocols for storage preservation and transportation have been developed to preserve the representativeness of the collected samples. Proper documentation will establish that protocols have been followed and sample identification and sample integrity assured. The location of the sample collection will be referenced by latitude and longitude using a GPS. Continuous measurements and discrete samples will be collected where the water is well mixed and representative of ambient conditions. Quality analytical measurements with poor field duplicate precision may point to sampling problems or heterogeneous samples and thus the samples may not be representative of ambient conditions. Data with poor field duplication will be evaluated with respect to representativeness as well as precision. A4.e Comparability To ensure data will be comparable to similar environmental data, CTCLUSI personnel will use documented procedures for sampling, sample handling, and sample analysis, which are written to comply with nationally acceptable methods. This monitoring program will ensure comparability by following standardized sampling protocols and procedures developed by CTCLUSI for continuous and discrete water quality monitoring. These protocols and procedures will be modeled from other agencies that perform water quality monitoring. Certain conditions may prohibit the use of a standard protocol as it is intended. Experience and knowledge will aid in the choosing the field methods employed.  The observations of fouling, environmental conditions (garbage or spills), and weather conditions are recorded in the field notes to enhance data or explain variability. Continuous monitoring comparability will include placing the retrieved, pre-deployed (calibrated) and calibrated handheld (EXO 1) sondes in a bucket with water from near to the sonde site and allowing all sondes to take a reading. Following the sonde reading, the retrieved, pre-deployed and handheld sonde data is compared. Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 23 A4.f Completeness The monitoring strategy for this IWQMP is to collect continuous data at 15 minute intervals throughout the year, seasonal temperature sampling intervals are at 15 minutes, and discrete samples monthly (at most sites), unless unanticipated weatherrelated events, staffing, or equipment failure prevent sampling. A.5 Special Training and Certification Training is required for new staff or individuals who are not familiar with the equipment or procedures. For those unfamiliar with the equipment being used, training will include an introduction for all monitoring equipment employed for the IWQMP. Training will be provided or arranged by trained Water Protection staff or the Director. The training may be provided by ODEQ, SWMP, YSI personnel or other trained water quality monitoring professionals. The Director may determine that additional staff or volunteers are needed to assist with the monitoring program. The Director will be responsible to ensure that proper training and direction is provided to meet the projects data quality objectives. Director: The Director has experience and education relevant to implementing Tribal Environmental Programs and providing oversight for these programs. Water Protection Staff: Staff has received a college degree in Biology, Environmental Science or similar field. Staff has experience in biological or environmental monitoring, Tribal environmental programs, ecological assessments, or other environmental research. A.6 Documentation and Records A signed copy of the Tribes’ EPA-Approved IWQMP QAPP will be distributed to all Water Protection staff and the Director. The Natural Resources Program will maintain the original records used to report the data. Records shall be organized such that a data value can be traced back to the original observation. All hand written data/observations collected in the field and laboratory will be documented on either weatherproof field books or field data sheets if water damage is a threat. Examples of the datasheets to be used for the project are attached (Attachment C). Additional data sheets or modifications to existing data sheets may take place to meet project goals. The datasheets will be archived following data collection and data will be incorporated into the existing water quality data into a spreadsheet file. The Natural Resources Program will retain raw, completely unchanged data files for each sonde deployment; the secondary QAQC’d data files; all associated handwritten or digital calibration and field logs; and the metadata document accompanying the sonde datasets permanently stored on the Tribes’ server. Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 24 All data stored in an Excel spreadsheet format will be quality control checked according to CTCLUSI protocols before being reported in the annual Water Quality Report and/or EPA’s Water Quality Exchange (WQX). One important part of data collection is creating the associated data documentation or metadata. CTCLUSI will produce an annual metadata document to accompany the monitoring data collected by this program. Analytical reports and data generated by third party laboratories will be delivered to Water Protection Staff following completion. These data, including all QA/QC data results, will be delivered electronically and/or in paper form. The contract laboratories must maintain an unequivocal link between the custody form, their archive database, and analytical reports. Raw analytical data records must be maintained, which will include the following information: Date of analysis, analyst, identification of blanks, standards, and controls, archive/sample numbers, lot numbers, calculations, and associated information, detailed experimental observations, along with all instrument readings and final results. B.1 Experimental Design (Sampling Process Design) B1.a Sampling Sites and Sampling Types The selected sampling sites and sampling frequency were chosen for their depiction of ambient water quality conditions in waters of or pertaining to Tribal lands. For sampling sites that are unable to be located on or next to a Tribal tract due to safety or access restrictions, a sampling site will be established that best represents the waters pertaining to the tract. Written permission will be obtained from the landowners prior to collecting water quality samples at locations that aren’t on Tribal lands but pertain to them. For sites that have access and sampling limitations, the Tribes’ flat bottom boat will be used to access sampling sites to deploy and retrieve monitoring equipment. HAB sampling sites will be chosen to characterize worst case conditions in an effort to pre-empt risks to Tribal and public health. Due to the mobile nature of algal blooms, sites will migrate. Staff will document locations of sampling sites with a GPS, and record landmarks in the field data sheet/logbook. Continuous water monitoring will measure actual environmental conditions throughout the year at 15 minute intervals. Measurements will be collected where the water is well mixed and most representative of ambient conditions. All continuous monitoring sondes will remain submerged at low tides and at a fixed distance off the bottom (approximately 1 meter) to allow for tidal and flow amplitude measurements. Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 25 Discrete sampling will measure water quality parameters such as nutrients, chlorophyll a, macroinvertebrates, bacteria, and toxic algae in addition to DO, pH, water temperature, turbidity, salinity, specific conductivity and depth. Seasonal temperature monitoring will commence May/June before higher temperatures and low water and will conclude in September after water temperatures have begun to drop. Seasonal sampling intervals will mirror continuous monitoring intervals. Seasonal toxic algal monitoring will commence June/July during higher temperature influxes and will conclude in September after water temperatures have begun to drop. Seasonal sampling will be conducted monthly. Seasonal adjustments to toxic algal sampling will be determined by data review and technical staff consensus. Seasonal macroinvertebrate and basic habitat information sampling will be conducted annually. As part of the QAPP development, CTCLUSI has integrated sampling methods and standard operating procedures developed by other government agencies’ monitoring water quality. B1.b Sampling Network The selected sites and sampling frequency were chosen for their depiction of ambient water quality conditions in waters of or pertaining to Tribal lands. The water conditions adjacent to Tribal lands most directly affect the Tribes; however, impacts to Tribal resources related to water quality are widespread. The Tribes have integrated their sampling network to provide the most benefit to Tribal members. B1.c Locations and Sampling (includes Tables) The IWQMP has identified nineteen water quality monitoring sites: nine estuarine sites, six beach sites, a stream site, a wetland site and two lake sites (see Table 1 & 2). Continuous and /or discrete samples of the previously listed ambient water quality (dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature, turbidity, salinity, specific conductivity, and physical (depth) parameters will be obtained by the implementation of YSI automated data loggers and/or the continued use of hand held meters. Hand grabs of water samples will be used to measure water bacteria, nutrients, chlorophyll, and toxic algae where applicable. Hand grab samples may also be used to measure turbidity when an YSI EXO 1 or 2 sonde equipped with a turbidity sensor is not available. Annual nutrient, macroinvertebrate, and habitat assessment data will be collected at stream, estuarine, and lake monitoring sites where applicable. Grab samples may also be taken for the purposes of measuring other parameters if a CTCLUSI SOP is developed and implemented that meets measurement performance criteria and/or is modeled from another monitoring program’s current use protocol. All sampling sites are located on or near tribal trust lands located on Central and Southern Oregon Coasts within Lane, Coos, and Curry Counties (See Maps 1-4). Sampling sites have been established in accordance to EPA’s position on funding water Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 26 quality programs for Tribes. In a letter received by the Tribes from EPA dated August 25, 2003, the letter states “For property that the United States holds in trust for the Tribe, otherwise known as tribal trust land, EPA’s position is that the property has the status of an Indian reservation. The funds granted by EPA under section 106 of the CWA can be used to only fund water quality programs for reservation waters or to support activities that pertain to waters of the reservation.” (Attachment A) Any new tribal lands acquired after EPA approval of this QAPP will be covered under the most current EPA approved QAPP for water quality monitoring activities. Project Parameters As stated in EPA’s Final Guidance on Awards of Grants to Indian Tribes under Section 106 of the Clean Water Act, EPA requires Tribes to report on the following nine water quality parameters: 1. Dissolved Oxygen 2. pH 3. Total Phosphorus 4. Total Nitrogen 5. Water Temperature 6. Turbidity 7. Macroinvertebrates 8. Bacteria (E. Coli and Fecal Coliform) 9. Basic Habitat Information This QAPP includes monitoring protocols, quality assurances, and data management for all nine EPA required monitoring parameters. In addition, deployed YSI data loggers collect continuous data on salinity, specific conductivity, and water depth. Toxic algal blooms will also be monitored at sites that are expected to produce HAB’s. It is important to note that this water quality monitoring program is not designed or intended to answer every question regarding water quality conditions. The intent of this monitoring project is to provide data that will assist in directing future efforts and strategies to improve overall water quality conditions within the Tribes’ Ancestral watersheds. The methods proposed within this QAPP are structured to provide an overall understanding of selected water quality conditions. For any parameters that stand out as a parameter of concern, a more comprehensive method, sampling frequency, and sampling duration may be developed to acquire a better understanding for the identified parameter of concern.  Each site has been given a unique site identification name (see Tables 1-3). Under Site, ID the WQ denotes that the site is a water quality monitoring site. The letter B, E, L, S, or W identifies whether the site is a Beach, Estuarine, Lake, Stream, or Wetland monitoring site.  Table 1 provides site information and the location for each active monitoring site under this QAPP. Estuarine monitoring sites are continuous data logging sites.  Table 2 shows all inactive monitoring sites. These sites may have been active under previous EPA-approved QAPPs, but have been dropped due to access issues or poor sampling sites. Some of these identified sites are pending the fee to trust conversion with the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 27  Table 3 provides information on the sampling site, method, and general comments for each active and inactive site. Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 28 Table 1. Active Tribal Water Quality Monitoring Sites, Locations, and EPA 303(d) Information (as of 12/31/2015) Site ID Tract Site Type BIA Tract Status County LAT & LONG (NAD 83/WGS 84 DATUM) EPA 303 (d) Listing (source: www.deq.state.or.us) Waterbody Name: Siuslaw River, Cox Island, Siuslaw Watershed WQE09 Hatch Estuary Trust Lane 43° 58' 27'' N 124° 04' 16'' W Parameter: Alkalinity; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 106; Listed 2004 Parameter: Ammonia; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 106; Listed 2004 Parameter: Biological Criteria; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 58.4; Listed 2010 Parameter: Chloride; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 106; Listed 2004 Parameter: Chlorophyll a; Fall, Winter, Spring; River Mile 5.7 to 105.9; Listed 2004 Parameter: Chlorophyll a; Summer; River Mile 5.7 to 105.9; Listed 2004 Parameter: Dissolved Oxygen; Year Round (Non-spawning); River mile 0 to 19.7; Listed 2004 Parameter: Fecal Coliform; Year Around; River Mile 5.7 to 105.9; Listed 2004 Parameter: Nutrients; Undefined; River Mile 5.7 to 105.9; Listed 1998 Parameter: pH; Year Round; River Mile 5.7 to 105.9; Listed 2004 Parameter: Phosphate Phosphorus; Summer; River Mile 0 to 106; Listed 2004 Parameter: Sedimentation; Undefined; River Mile 5.7 to 105.9; Listed 1998 Parameter: Temperature; Year Round (Non-spawning; River Mile 0 to 106; Listed 2004 Waterbody Name: North Fork Siuslaw River, Old Bridge Piling, Siuslaw Watershed WQE12 Hatch Estuary Trust Lane 43° 58' 40'' N 124° 04' 48'' W Parameter: Sedimentation; Undefined; River Mile 0.4 to 27.3; Listed 1998 Parameter: Temperature; Year Round (Non-spawning); River Mile 0 to 27.3; Listed 2004 Waterbody Name: North Tenmile Lake, Camp Easter Seals, Tenmile Lakes Watershed WQL18 Tenmile Lake Fee to Trust Process Coos Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 43° 35' 59'' N 124° 7’ 34'' W Parameter: Alkalinity; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 5; Listed 2004 Parameter: Ammonia; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004 Parameter: pH; Summer; River Mile 0 to 5; Listed 2004 Parameter: Phosphate Phosphorus; Summer; River Mile 0 to 5; Listed 2004 Parameter: Dissolved Oxygen; Year Round (Non-spawning); River Mile 0 to 5; Listed 2004 Parameter: Iron; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 5; Listed 2012 Parameter: Nutrients; Undefined; River Mile 0 to 5; Listed 1998 Parameter: Sedimentation: Undefined; River Mile 0 to 5; Listed 2010 29 Site ID Tract Site Type BIA Tract Status County LAT & LONG (NAD 83/WGS 84 DATUM) EPA 303 (d) Listing (source: www.deq.state.or.us) Waterbody Name: Lower Coos Bay, BLM Boat Ramp, Coos Watershed WQE10 Wualach Estuary Trust Coos 43° 24' 50'' N 124° 16' 44'' W Parameter: Ammonia; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004 Parameter: Chlorophyll a; Summer; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004 Parameter: Fecal Coliform, Year Around, River Mile 0 to 12.3: Listed, 2004 Parameter: pH; Summer; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004 Parameter: Sedimentation; Undefined; River Mile 0 to 7.8; Listed 1998 Waterbody Name: Lower Coos Bay, Empire Docks, Coos Watershed WQE02 Wualach Estuary Trust Coos 43° 23' 39.19'' N 124° 16' 49.42'' W Parameter: Ammonia; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004 Parameter: Chlorophyll a; Summer; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004 Parameter: Fecal Coliform, Year Around, River Mile 0 to 12.3, Listed, 2004 Parameter: pH; Summer; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004 Parameter: Sedimentation; Undefined; River Mile 0 to 7.8; Listed 1998 Waterbody Name: Baldich Beach, Baldich, Coos Watershed WQB19 Baldich Beach Trust Coos Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 TBD Adjacent Beach Parameter (Bastendorf): Enterococcus; Year Around, River Mile 233.6 to 234.8; Listed, 2010 Adjacent Beach Parameter (Sunset Bay): Enterococcus; Year Around, River Mile 236.4 to 236.7; Listed, 2010 30 Site ID Tract Site Type BIA Tract Status County LAT & LONG (NAD 83/WGS 84 DATUM) EPA 303 (d) Listing (source: www.deq.state.or.us) Waterbody Name: Sixes River, Sixes Watershed Parameter: Alkalinity; Year Around; River Mile 0 to 17.7; Listed 2004 Parameter: Ammonia; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 30.1; Listed 2004 Parameter: Biological Criteria; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 15.1; Listed 2010 Parameter: Chloride; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 30.1; Listed 2004 Parameter: Chlorophyll a; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 30.1; Listed 2004 WQS07 Sixes River Stream Trust Curry Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 42° 48' 39.5'' N 124° 26' 43.3'' W Parameter: Dissolved Oxygen; Year Round (Non-spawning)/Oct. 15 to May 15; River Mile 0 to 30.1/4.4 to 29.4; Listed 2010/2004 Parameter: E. Coli; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 30.1; Listed 2004 Parameter: Fecal Coliform; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 30.1; Listed 1998 Parameter: pH; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 30.1; Listed 2004 Parameter: Sedimentation; Undefined; River Mile 0 to 30.1; Listed 1998 Parameter: Temperature; Year Round (Non-spawning); River Mile 0 to 30.1; Listed 2004 31 Table 2. Inactive Tribal Water Quality Monitoring Sites, Locations, and EPA 303(d) Information (as of 12/31/2015) Site ID Tract Name Site Type BIA Tract Status County LAT. & LONG. (NAD 83/WGS 84 DATUM) EPA 303 (d) Listing (source: www.deq.state.or.us) Waterbody Name: Lower Coos Bay, Coos Watershed WQE01 Miluk Village Estuary Trust Coos 43° 21' 34'' N 124° 18' 42'' W Coos 43° 25' 51'' N 124° 10' 24.3'' W Coos 43° 21' 11'' N 121° 12' 37'' W Parameter: Ammonia; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004 Parameter: Chlorophyll a; Summer; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004 Parameter: Fecal Coliform, Year Around, River Mile 0 to 12.3, Listed, 2004 Parameter: pH; Summer; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004 Parameter: Sedimentation; Undefined; River Mile 0 to 7.8; Listed 1998 Waterbody Name: Kentuck Slough, Coos Watershed WQE03 WQEO4 Kentuck KCBY Estuary Reservation Estuary Fee to Trust Process Parameter: Dissolved Oxygen; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 2.2; Listed 2010 Parameter: E. Coli; Fall, Winter, Spring; River Mile 0 to 2.2; Listed 2010 Parameter: Fecal Coliform; Year Around; River Mile 0 to 2.2, Listed 1998 Parameter: Sedimentation; Undefined; River Mile 0 to 2.2; Listed 1998 Waterbody Name: Coalbank Slough, Coos Watershed Parameter: Fecal Coliform; Year Around; River Mile 0 to 0.5; Listed, 1998 Parameter: Manganese; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 0.5; Listed 2012 Waterbody Name: North Fork Siuslaw River, Under Bridge, Siuslaw Watershed WQE05 Hatch Lane 43° 58' 38'' N 124° 04' 47'' W Estuary Trust Lane 44° 00' 25'' N 124° 04' 49'' W Lane 43° 58’ 45” N 124° 04’ 58” W Parameter: Sedimentation; Undefined; River Mile 0.4 to 27.3; Listed 1998 Parameter: Temperature; Year Round (Non-spawning); River Mile 0 to 27.3; Listed 2004 Waterbody Name: Munsel Lake, Siuslaw Watershed WQL06 Munsel Lake Lake Fee to Trust Process WQW08 Hatch Wetland Trust Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 Parameter: No listing at time of sampling Waterbody Name: Hatch Wetland, Siuslaw Watershed Parameter: No listing at time of sampling 32 Site ID Tract Name Site Type BIA Tract Status County LAT. & LONG. (NAD 83/WGS 84 DATUM) EPA 303 (d) Listing (source: www.deq.state.or.us) Waterbody Name: Lower Coos Bay, Coos Watershed WQE11 Miluk Village Estuary Trust Coos 43° 22' 29'' N 124° 17' 50'' W Parameter: Ammonia; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004 Parameter: Chlorophyll a; Summer; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004 Parameter: Fecal Coliform, Year Around, River Mile 0 to 12.3, Listed, 2004 Parameter: pH; Summer; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004 Parameter: Sedimentation; Undefined; River Mile 0 to 7.8; Listed 1998 Waterbody Name: Lower Coos Bay, Coos Watershed WQB13 Coos Head Estuary Fee to Trust Process Coos 43° 21’ 02” N 124° 20’ 08” W WQB14 Coos Head Beach Fee to Trust Process Coos 43° 20’ 25” N 124° 21’ 14” W WQB15 WQB16 WQB17 Baldich Beach Pending Transfer Baldich Beach Pending Transfer Coos Pending Transfer Coos Baldich Beach Coos Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 43° 20’ 22” N 124° 22’ 17” W 43° 20’ 26” N 124° 22’ 28” W 43° 20’ 06” N 124° 22’ 21” W Parameter: Ammonia; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004 Parameter: Chlorophyll a; Summer; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004 Parameter: Fecal Coliform, Year Around, River Mile 0 to 12.3, Listed, 2004 Parameter: pH; Summer; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004 Parameter: Sedimentation; Undefined; River Mile 0 to 7.8; Listed 1998 Waterbody Name: Pacific Ocean Parameter: Enterococcus; Year Round; River Mile 233.6 to 234.8; Listed 2010 Waterbody Name: Pacific Ocean Parameter: No Listing at time of sampling Waterbody Name: Pacific Ocean Parameter: No Listing at time of sampling Waterbody Name: Pacific Ocean Parameter: No Listing at time of sampling 33 Table 3. Site Identification, Tract Name, Waterbody Name and Watershed, Parameters, Measurement/Method, Status, and Comments SITE ID WQE01 WQE02 WQE03 TRACT NAME WATERBODY NAME AND WATERSHED MEASUREMENT/METHOD Status* COMMENTS Miluk Village Lower Coos Bay/Coos Watershed Dissolved Oxygen: % Saturation & mg/L/ YSI Probe pH: pH value/ YSI Probe Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Probe Turbidity: NFU/ Turbidimeter Salinity: psu/ YSI Probe Inactive Discrete sampling site. Lower Coos Bay/Coos Watershed Dissolved Oxygen: % Saturation & mg/L/ YSI Sonde pH: pH value/ YSI Sonde Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), & SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab Chlorophyll: CHLA/ Hand Grabs Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Sonde Turbidity: FNU/ YSI Sonde Bacteria (E. Coli and Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX Salinity: psu/ YSI Sonde Specific Conductivity: mS/cm/ YSI Sonde Depth: m/ YSI Sonde Active Continuous data logger site. Kentuck Slough/ Coos Watershed Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation & mg/L/ YSI Probe pH: pH value/ YSI Probe Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), & SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Probe Turbidity: NFU/ Turbidimeter Bacteria (E. Coli & Enterococcus): MPN/IDEXX Salinity: psu/ YSI Probe Inactive Inactive site. Wualach Kentuck Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 34 SITE ID WQE04 WQE05 WQL06 TRACT NAME KCBY Hatch Munsel Lake WATERBODY NAME AND WATERSHED MEASUREMENT/METHOD Coalbank Slough/Coos Watershed Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation &mg/L/ YSI Probe pH: pH value/ YSI Probe Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), & SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab Chlorophyll: CHLA/ Hand Grabs Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Probe Turbidity: NFU/ Turbidimeter Bacteria (E. Coli & Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX Salinity: psu/ YSI Probe Depth: m/ YSI probe North Fork Siuslaw River/Siuslaw Watershed Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation & mg/L/ YSI Probe pH: pH value/ YSI Probe Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Probe Turbidity: NFU/ Turbidimeter Salinity: psu/ YSI Probe Munsel Lake/Siuslaw Watershed Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation &mg/L/ YSI Probe pH: pH value/ YSI Probe Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), & SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab Chlorophyll: CHLA/ Hand Grabs Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Probe Turbidity: NFU/ Turbidimeter Bacteria (E. Coli & Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX Salinity: psu/ YSI Probe Depth: m/ YSI probe Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 35 Status* COMMENTS Inactive Inactive site. Inactive Inactive Inactive. WQE12 has replaced this site. Inactive site. SITE ID WQS07 WQW08 WQE09 TRACT NAME Sixes River Hatch Hatch WATERBODY NAME AND WATERSHED MEASUREMENT/METHOD Status* Sixes River/Sixes Watershed Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation & mg/L/ YSI Sonde pH: pH value/ YSI Sonde Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), & SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab Chlorophyll: CHLA/ Hand Grabs Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Sonde Turbidity: NFU/ YSI Sonde Macroinvertebrates: D-Frame Net/ 500 Micron Mesh Bacteria (E. Coli): MPN/ IDEXX Basic Habitat Information: O/E Taxa Score Salinity: psu/ YSI Sonde Specific Conductivity: mS/cm/ YSI Sonde Active Wetland/Siuslaw Watershed Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation/ YSI Probe pH: pH value/ YSI Probe Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), & SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Probe Turbidity: NFU/ YSI Probe Bacteria (E. Coli & Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX Salinity: psu/ YSI Probe Depth: m /YSI Sensor Inactive Discrete wetland monitoring site. Poor sampling location. Siuslaw River/Siuslaw Watershed Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation & mg/L/ YSI Sonde pH: pH value/ YSI Sonde Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), & SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab Chlorophyll: CHLA/ Hand Grabs Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Sonde Turbidity: NFU/ YSI Sonde Bacteria (E. Coli and Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX Salinity: psu/ YSI Sonde Specific Conductivity: mS/cm/ YSI Sonde Depth: m/ YSI probe Active Continuous data logger site. Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 36 COMMENTS Discrete stream monitoring site. SITE ID WQE10 WQE11 WQE12 WQB13 WATERBODY NAME AND WATERSHED MEASUREMENT/METHOD Status* COMMENTS Lower Coos Bay/Coos Watershed Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation & mg/L/ YSI Sonde pH: pH value/ YSI Sonde Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), & SIOH4/ University of Washington Lab Chlorophyll: CHLA/ Hand Grabs Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Sonde Bacteria (E. Coli and Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX Turbidity: NFU/ YSI Sonde Salinity: psu/ YSI Sonde Specific Conductivity: mS/cm/ YSI Sonde Depth: m/ YSI probe Active Continuous data logger site. Lower Coos Bay/Coos Watershed Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation & mg/L/ YSI Probe pH: pH value/ YSI Probe Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), & SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab Chlorophyll: CHLA/ Hand Grabs Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Probe Turbidity: NFU/ Turbidimeter Bacteria (E. Coli & Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX Salinity: NFU/ YSI Probe Depth: m/ YSI Sonde Inactive Inactive site. Hatch North Fork Siuslaw River/Siuslaw Watershed Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation & mg/L/ YSI Sonde pH: pH value/ YSI Sonde Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), & SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab Chlorophyll: CHLA/ Hand Grabs Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Sonde Turbidity: NFU/ YSI Sonde Bacteria (E. Coli and Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX Salinity: psu/ YSI Sonde Specific Conductivity: mS/cm/ YSI Sonde Depth: m/ YSI Sonde Active Continuous data logger site. Coos Head Coos Bay/Coos Watershed Bacteria (E. Coli & Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX Inactive Pending Fee to Trust Conversion. TRACT NAME Wualach Miluk Village Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 37 SITE ID TRACT NAME WATERBODY NAME AND WATERSHED WQB14 Coos Head Pacific Ocean/Coos Watershed WQB15 Baldich WQB16 WQB17 WQL18 WQB19 Status* COMMENTS Bacteria (E. Coli & Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX Inactive Pending Fee to Trust Conversion. Pacific Ocean/Coos Watershed Bacteria (E. Coli & Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX Inactive Inactive site. Baldich Pacific Ocean/Coos Watershed Bacteria (E. Coli & Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX Inactive Inactive site. Baldich Pacific Ocean/Coos Watershed Bacteria (E. Coli & Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX Inactive Inactive site. North Tenmile Lake/ Coos Watershed Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Sonde pH: pH value/ YSI Sonde Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation & mg/L/ YSI Sonde Turbidity: NFU/ YSI Sonde Salinity: psu/ YSI Sonde Specific Conductivity: mS/cm/ YSI Sonde Bacteria (E. Coli): MPN/ IDEXX Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), & SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab Chlorophyll: CHLA/ Hand Grabs Depth: m/ YSI Sonde Toxic Algae: Microcystins/ Hand Grabs Active Continuous data logger site pending Fee to Trust Conversion. Active Discrete beach monitoring site. Tenmile Baldich Baldich Beach/ Coos Watershed MEASUREMENT/METHOD Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Sonde pH: pH value/ YSI Sonde Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation & mg/L/ YSI Sonde Turbidity: NFU/ YSI Sonde Salinity: psu/ YSI Sonde Specific Conductivity: mS/cm/ YSI Sonde Bacteria (Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), & SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab Chlorophyll: CHLA/ Hand Grabs Depth: m/ YSI Sonde Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 38 WATER QUALITY MONITORING SITE MAPS Map 1. Map of Siuslaw Watershed Monitoring Sites (near Florence, Oregon) Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 39 Map 2. Map of North Tenmile Lake Monitoring Sites (near Lakeside, Oregon) Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 40 Map 3. Map of Coos Watershed Monitoring Sites (Coos Bay, Oregon) Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 41 Map 4. Map of Beach Monitoring Sites (near Charleston, Oregon) Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 42 Map 5. Map of Sixes Watershed Monitoring Site (Sixes Watershed, Oregon) Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 43 Estuarine Water Quality Monitoring Sites Sites: WQE02 WQE09 WQE10 WQE12 All YSI EXO2 Sonde Multi-Parameter Dataloggers for the monitoring project are programmed to record water quality parameters that include dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature, turbidity, salinity, specific conductivity, and depth. These parameters are indicative of general estuarine water column conditions and are often used by regulatory agencies to determine criteria for human uses. The YSI data loggers are programmed to collect water quality data at 15 minute intervals. Each data logger will be secured using a bracket structure to existing pilings that have been abandoned and are located outside of the main shipping channels. The brackets have been constructed based on the brackets constructed and deployed by South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve (SSNERR, http://www.oregon.gov/DSL/SSNERR) water quality monitoring staff. Written approval will be obtained and placed in the project file prior to any data logger deployment on any private or public pilings. As seen below, a 4” diameter ABS tube will be fastened to an existing piling. The data logger will then be attached to a chain and lowered to approximately 1 meter above the bottom of the sampling site. Holes will be drilled towards the bottom of the ABS pipe to ensure that the data logger is obtaining a representative sample of estuarine conditions. The ABS tube will then be capped and a stainless steel bolt will be driven through the chain and ABS. The bolt will be drilled out on the thread end and a brass lock will be fastened to the bolt to deter potential theft. Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 44 CTCLUSI YSI EXO2 Sonde Schematic: Water quality protection staff will exchange the field YSI data logger with an office YSI calibrated data logger each month or earlier based on the rate of bio-fouling observed during the data logger retrieval process and/or weather conditions. Replacement YSI EXO2 Sonde dataloggers will be prepped and calibrated for rotations prior to each data logger’s retrieval. YSI EXO2 Sondes deployed during the previous maintenance retrieval and deployment cycle will be replaced with the prepped and calibrated YSI EXO2 Sondes. The replacement process has been established to ensure data collection continuity and minimize staff field time. The retrieved YSI EXO2 Sonde will then be transported back to the office for data upload, equipment maintenance, and calibrations to prepare for the next day’s field retrieval and deployment process. Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 45 Concurrent to YSI EXO2 Sonde retrievals and deployments, a calibrated YSI EXO Handheld (HH) will be used to conduct a data logger field audit. Audits will be completed as close to an YSI EXO2 Sonde 15-minute log cycle as possible. All audit data will be incorporated with existing water quality data for quality comparison. Nutrient sampling will also be implemented at these sites. Grab samples will be taken at each monitoring site seasonally to quarterly, depending on staff availability and resources. Discrete data including dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature, turbidity, salinity, specific conductivity, and depth will also be collected using an YSI Exo Handheld during nutrient sampling. After samples are collected, they will be filtered into 50ml sample bottles, frozen, and sent to an outside lab for analysis. In addition to seasonal/quarterly grab sampling, a diel sampling program may be implemented concurrent to nutrient grab sampling. If feasible, an ISCO 6712 autosampler may be deployed seasonally to quarterly at one or more of the estuarine sampling sites. The ISCO 6712 autosampler will be programmed to collect 1-L samples every 2.5 hours over a 25 hour tidal cycle. After samples are collected, they will be filtered into 50ml sample bottles, frozen, and sent to an outside lab for analysis. A water sample will be collected at each monitoring site once every month for an inhouse bacterial analysis using IDEXX brand Colilert -18 reagent and the IDEXX QuantiTray 2000 analytical system. Water samples of approximately 100ml (with adequate head-space for mixing), will be collected using disposable, pre-sterilized IDEXX sample bottles. All bacteria samples will be placed in a cooler on ice while in transport to the lab. All water quality parameters may be monitored after extreme storm events and around possible anthropogenic inputs dependent on staff availability and resources. Stream Water Quality Monitoring: Site: WQS07 Dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature, turbidity, salinity, specific conductivity, and depth data will be collected seasonally to quarterly once per month at the stream site using an YSI Exo Hand-held. A water sample will also be collected at each site for an in house bacterial analysis (E. Coli). Water samples of approximately 100ml (with adequate head-space for mixing), will be collected using disposable pre-sterilized IDEXX sample bottles. In addition, water bacteria samples may be taken from the stream monitoring site within 24 hours following an extreme storm event or around possible anthropogenic inputs, depending on staff availability and resources. Calibrated and audited Hobo water temperature data loggers will be deployed from May through September and record data at 15 minute intervals. Data summaries will include season peak temperature, the seven day average maximum temperature, and the maximum daily change in temperature. Quarterly/seasonal macroinvertebrate sampling, nutrient sampling, and aquatic habitat assessments will also be implemented at this site. At each stream reach, macroinvertebrate samples will be collected by compositing D-Frame Net kick samples Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 46 from a selected habitat unit (e.g. pools, riffles). Samples will be preserved in the field with ethanol. Subsampling the composite sample will be necessary since the composite usually contains far more material and macroinvertebrates than is desirable to process and identify. Sub sampling and identification will be performed by qualified contractors. Grab samples for nutrients will be taken seasonally to quarterly, depending on staff availability and resources. Discrete data including dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature, turbidity, salinity, specific conductivity, and depth will also be collected using an YSI Exo Hand-held during nutrient sampling. After samples are collected, they will be filtered into 50ml sample bottles, frozen, and sent to an outside lab for analysis. If feasible, an ISCO 6712 autosampler may be deployed seasonally to quarterly at this site. The ISCO 6712 autosampler will be programmed to collect 1-L samples every 2.5 hours over a 25 hour cycle. After samples are collected, they will be filtered into 50ml sample bottles, frozen, and sent to an outside lab for analysis. Aquatic habitat surveys will be conducted using the ODFW protocol Aquatic Inventories Project: Methods for Stream Habitat Surveys (Moore, et al., 2004). Aquatic habitat survey areas will be split into reaches within each site and assigned a name. A map of aquatic habitat study reaches will be produced. Reach beginnings and endings will be determined by a number of factors including changes in habitat type, land-use changes, and access to private property. All water quality parameters may be monitored after extreme storm events and around possible anthropogenic inputs depending on staff availability and resources. Lake Water Quality Monitoring: Site: WQL18 Dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature, salinity, specific conductivity, depth, and data will be collected at 15 minute intervals using an YSI 6600 data logger. The data logger will be secured using a bracket structure to an existing submerged structure in close proximity to the tract that remains submerged year-round at a fixed, accessible depth that is representative of lake conditions. The brackets have been constructed based on the brackets constructed and deployed by South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve (SSNERR, http://www.oregon.gov/DSL/SSNERR) water quality monitoring staff. Turbidity samples will be collected using an YSI EXO Handheld equipped with a turbidity sensor. In the event that a probe must be deployed without an equipped turbidity sensor, turbidity data will be collected via grab samples for analysis using the Hach 2100-P Turbidimeter. Concurrent to YSI 6600 datalogger retrievals and deployments, a calibrated YSI EXO Handheld (HH) will be used to conduct a data logger field audit. Audits will be completed as close to an YSI 6600 datalogger’s 15-minute log cycle as possible. All audit data will be incorporated with existing water quality data for quality comparison Grab samples for nutrients will be taken seasonally to quarterly, depending on staff availability and resources. Discrete data including dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature, turbidity, salinity, specific conductivity, and depth will also be collected Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 47 using an YSI Exo Hand-held during nutrient sampling. After samples are collected, they will be filtered into 50ml sample bottles, frozen, and sent to an outside lab for analysis. If feasible, an ISCO 6712 autosampler may be deployed seasonally to quarterly at this site. The ISCO 6712 autosampler will be programmed to collect 1-L samples every 2.5 hours over a 25 hour cycle. After samples are collected, they will be filtered into 50ml sample bottles, frozen, and sent to an outside lab for analysis. Year round monthly water samples will be collected at the same site for in house analysis of E-Coli. Water samples of approximately 100ml (with adequate head-space for mixing), will be collected using disposable pre-sterilized IDEXX sample bottles. In addition, water bacteria samples may be taken from the lake monitoring site within 24 hours following an extreme storm event or around possible anthropogenic inputs, depending on staff availability and resources. Toxic algal samples will be collected at sites where visual assessment or recreational risk deems thus. Samples will be collected spring through fall when risks to public health are the highest. 1L samples will be collected using wide mouth, sterilized Nalgene bottles. Samples will be sent to an outside lab for analysis. Abraxis Microcystins Strip Kits will be used to assess immediate risk prior to Tribal recreational events. All water quality parameters may be monitored after extreme storm events and around possible anthropogenic inputs depending on staff availability and resources. In addition, HAB samples may be taken from the lake within 24 hours of a major weather event or around possible anthropogenic inputs, depending on staff availability and resources. Beach Water Quality Monitoring: Sites: WQB19 Grab samples for nutrients will be taken seasonally to quarterly, depending on staff availability and resources at beach sites. Discrete data including dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature, turbidity, salinity, specific conductivity, and depth will also be collected using an YSI Exo Hand-held during nutrient sampling. After samples are collected, they will be filtered into 50ml sample bottles, frozen, and sent to an outside lab for analysis. If feasible, an ISCO 6712 autosampler may be deployed seasonally to quarterly at this site. The ISCO 6712 autosampler will be programmed to collect 1-L samples every 2.5 hours over a 25 hour tidal cycle. After samples are collected, they will be filtered into 50ml sample bottles, frozen, and sent to an outside lab for analysis. Monthly water samples will be collected for in house analysis of enterococcus. Microbiological analysis of water samples collected at these sites will assist with the assessment of potential bacterial contamination or impacts to Tribal waters. Microbiological analysis will be conducted using IDEXX brand Enterolert reagent and the IDEXX Quanti-Tray 2000 analytical system. Dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature, turbidity, salinity, specific conductivity, depth, data will be collected monthly at beach sites using a YSI Exo Hand-held to help interpret results or modify the sampling design. Water samples of approximately 100ml (with adequate head-space for mixing), will be collected using disposable, pre-sterilized Idexx sample bottles. Once samples are Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 48 collected, they will be placed on ice in a cooler for transport back to CTCLUSI’s in house lab facilities. Field duplicates (minimum 50% frequency) and sterile water transfer blanks will be processed on every beach monitoring sampling event. All water quality parameters may be monitored after extreme storm events and around possible anthropogenic inputs depending on staff availability and resources. B1.d Measured Parameter and Associated Equipment The following are the water quality parameters and manufacturer’s specifications for the equipment to be used for the project. For sampling sites that are found to have water quality impairments that are approaching or exceeding current water quality standards, a more comprehensive and precise monitoring strategy will be developed to better capture the magnitude of the impairment/s. For sampling sites that are found to have HABs, sites will be monitored for toxins. If levels are exceeded, Tribal water recreation activities will be cancelled and the Oregon Public Health Department will be notified. Dissolved Oxygen Dissolved oxygen serves as an indicator of the biological health of a water body. Dissolved oxygen concentrations vary naturally with water temperature and altitude. If more oxygen is consumed than is produced, and oxygen levels drop below their natural levels, some sensitive animals may weaken, move away, or die. Dissolved oxygen levels are affected by changes in water temperature and levels of organic materials. Changes in water temperature can occur as a result of thermal discharges from manufacturing or power plants, reduction of riparian shade, or sedimentation. Industrial, municipal wastes and algal blooms can raise levels of organic materials. YSI EXO2 Sonde Multi-Parameter Datalogger (continuous sampling) At selected sites, dissolved oxygen data will be collected using an YSI EXO2 Sonde equipped with a dissolved oxygen sensor. The manufacturer has determined the accuracy, precision, and range of this sensor. The specifications of this sensor are acceptable for the project. YSI EXO2 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Specifications (source: www.ysi.com) Optical Dissolved Oxygen % Saturation: NA Range: 0 to 500% Accuracy: 0 to 200% : ± 1% of the reading or 1% air saturation; whichever is greater; 200 to 500% air saturation, ± 5% of the reading Resolution: 0.1% Optical Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L): NA Range: 0 to 50 mg/L Accuracy: 0 to 20 mg/L: ± 0.1 mg/L or 1% of the reading, whichever is greater; 20 to 50 mg/L:± 5% of the reading Resolution: 0.01 mg/L Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 49 YSI EXO Handheld (HH) (discrete sampling) At selected sites, dissolved oxygen data will be collected using an YSI EXO1 probe. Dissolved oxygen data collected from the YSI EXO2 Sonde will also be audited using the YSI EXO1 probe. The manufacturer has determined the accuracy, precision, and range of this probe. The specifications of this probe are acceptable for the project. YSI EXO1 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Specifications (source: www.ysi.com) Optical Dissolved Oxygen % Saturation: NA Range: 0 to 500% Accuracy: 0 to 200% : ± 1% of the reading or 1% air saturation; whichever is greater; 200 to 500% air saturation, ± 5% of the reading Resolution: 0.1% Optical Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L): NA Range: 0 to 50 mg/L Accuracy: 0 to 20 mg/L: ± 0.1 mg/L or 1% of the reading, whichever is greater; 20 to 50 mg/L:± 5% of the reading Resolution: 0.01 mg/L Water pH pH is a measurement of water acidity. pH affects many chemical and biological processes in the water. Most aquatic animals prefer a pH range of 6.5 - 8.0. pH outside of this range reduces the diversity in the stream because it stresses the physiological systems of most organisms and can reduce reproduction. Low pH can also cause conditions that are toxic to aquatic life by allowing toxic elements and compounds to become mobile. Changes in pH can be caused by acid rain, mining activities, and wastewater discharge. YSI EXO2 Sonde Multi-Parameter Datalogger (continuous sampling) At selected sites, water pH will be collected using an YSI EXO2 Sonde equipped with a pH sensor. The manufacturer has determined the accuracy, precision, and range of this sensor. The specifications for this sensor are acceptable for the project. YSI EXO2 pH Sensor Specifications (source: www.ysi.com) Range: 0 to 14 units Accuracy: ±0.1 units w/in ±10°Cof calibration temp; ±0.2 pH units for entire temp range Resolution: 0.01 units YSI EXO Handheld (HH) (discrete sampling) At selected sites, pH data will be collected using an YSI EXO1 probe. Water pH data collected from the YSI EXO2 Sonde will also be audited using an YSI EXO1 probe. The Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 50 manufacturer has determined the accuracy, precision, and range of this probe. The specifications of this probe are acceptable for the project. YSI EXO1 pH Sensor Specifications (source: www.ysi.com) Range: 0 to 14 units Accuracy: ±0.1 units w/in ±10°Cof calibration temp; ±0.2 pH units for entire temp range Resolution: 0.01 units Nutrients and Chlorophyll Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plants and animals, which is why it is often an ingredient in fertilizers. Because it is naturally in short supply (i.e., the “limiting nutrient”) in most fresh water bodies, even small increases in phosphorus can cause undesirable consequences, such as algae blooms, accelerated plant growth, and low dissolved oxygen (decomposition of additional vegetation will consume more oxygen). Phosphorus is considered limiting in most fresh water systems because it is not as abundant as carbon and nitrogen, which are available in the atmosphere. Sources of phosphorus include soil and rocks, wastewater treatment plants, runoff from fertilized lawns and croplands, runoff from animal manure storage areas, disturbed land areas, drained wetlands, water treatment, decomposition of organic matter, and commercial cleaning preparations. Plants and animals need nitrogen, but excess nitrogen can cause low levels of dissolved oxygen and alter the types of plants and animals in the water body. The forms of nitrogen most commonly found in water are ammonia, nitrates, and nitrites. Sources include wastewater treatment plants, runoff from fertilized lawns and croplands, failing septic systems, runoff from animal manure and storage areas, and industrial discharges that contain corrosion inhibitors. Total nitrogen may be measured using kits, probes, or meters, or by using a contract laboratory. Total nitrogen is the sum of total kjeldahl nitrogen TKN, which is the sum of organic nitrogen and ammonia, nitrate and nitrite. Total N can be derived by monitoring for TKN, nitrate, and nitrite individually and adding the components together, but you can also measure total nitrogen directly using kits readily available on the market. The main objective of nutrient monitoring will be to determine whether nutrient concentrations are driven by tidal fluctuations, oceanic forcing, or watershed inputs. Understanding the seasonal and tidal dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations is particularly important because high levels of these nutrients can lead to over-enrichment and problems associated with eutrophication. Water quality data chronicles essential baseline information and improves our understanding of tidal dynamics and watershed inputs. Adding nutrients to our framework of water quality parameters provides a second tier of factors that will ultimately afford better capability to characterize how Tribal stream, estuarine, and coastal systems function. Chlorophyll a: Estuarine phytoplankton are a major source of autotrophic primary production in the open water habitat estuarine sites monitored by our program. Assemblages of estuarine phytoplankton are influenced seasonally and spatially by variations in ocean forcing, nutrient availability, solar energy, and riverine inputs. The Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 51 typical succession pattern in Pacific Northwest estuaries begins with low densities of phytoplankton in late fall and winter (due to reduced light and high turbidity), followed by a bloom of small diatoms in late winter/early spring. The diatom blooms usually terminate in late spring when nitrogen sources are depleted. Phytoplankton densities remain low in the summer months when nutrient availability is low and grazing pressure is high (Karentz and McIntire, 1977); Pequegnat and Butler, 1982; Nybakken, 1993). Relatively high concentrations of chlorophyll measured throughout the summer suggest that nutrient availability in the marine-dominated region of the estuary may be pulsed and tightly linked to seasonal upwelling in summer (Cowlishaw, 2001). CTCLUSI Nutrient Sampling Procedure Semi-annual/quarterly discrete and/or continuous (diel) sampling will enhance our understanding of nutrient and phytopigment concentrations within estuaries and rivers monitored by our program, and help determine whether nutrient inputs are delivered by the ocean or freshwater systems. Samples collected at or near sites equipped with YSI dataloggers will be reflective of the water mass sampled by the datasonde. Any fluctuations in nutrient levels in response to meteorological events and/or seasonal ocean conditions will also be evident. Collecting samples through a diel cycle will highlight any fluctuations in nutrient and phytopigment loads as a function of tidal forcing at our estuarine sampling sites. The levels of nutrients and phytopigments at different tidal stages should determine the impact of ocean versus freshwater input. Offshore upwelling is a significant contributor to nutrient mixing in the Lower Columbian Bioregion and is responsible for high levels of biotic productivity. This phenomenon is also believed to be correlated with hypoxic conditions that periodically occur off the Oregon Coast. CTCLUSI does not have a way to accurately measure nutrients or chlorophyll in house; therefore, samples will be collected and sent to the University of Washington Marine Chemistry Laboratory for analysis. University of Washington Marine Chemistry Laboratory Accreditation Codes and Detection Limits Analysis Method References PO4 UNESCO(1994) SiOH4 UNESCO(1994) NO3 UNESCO(1994) NO2 UNESCO(1994) EPA/SM# NELAC Code Detection_Limits EPA 0.03uM*, WM920270 365.5_1.4_1997 0.0009mg/L 0.59uM, EPA 366 WM920240 0.0166mg/L EPA 0.15uM, 10068209 353.4_2_199 0.0021mg/L EPA 0.02uM, 10068209 353.4_2_1997 0.0003mg/L Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 52 Analysis Method References EPA/SM# NELAC Code Detection_Limits NH4 UNESCO(1994) Total N Valderrama(1981) SM 4500-P J Total P Valderrama(1981) SM 4500-P J Salinity UNESCO(1994) SM 2520 B-93 0.12uM, 0.0017mg/L 0.44uM, WM920270 0.0062mg/L 0.04uM, WM920270 0.0011mg/L 20040055 0.002PSU Chlorophyll_a UNESCO(1994) DOC UNESCO(1994) POC UNESCO(1994) PN UNESCO(1994) Dissolved O2 UNESCO(1994) EPA 445 SM 5310 B-00 EPA 440.0 EPA 440.0 EPA 360.2 WM100080 0.02ug/L 20137819 100ug/L 10081206 10ug 10081206 1ug 50001600 0.5uM kg-1 EPA 349 WM920220 * µM (micromolar or 10-6 moles per liter)- amount of solute per unit volume of solution Water Temperature Temperature affects dissolved oxygen levels. Rates of photosynthesis of aquatic plants, metabolic rates of aquatic organisms, and sensitivity of aquatic organisms to toxic wastes, parasites, HABs, and diseases are also affected by temperature. Optimal temperature ranges depend on the species present in the water body. If temperatures are outside the optimal range for the species in a water body for extended periods of time, organisms will be stressed and may die. For fish, there are two kinds of limiting temperatures — the maximum temperature for short exposures and a weekly average temperature that may vary by time of year and life cycle stage. Reproductive stages are the most sensitive to temperature changes. Causes of temperature change include weather, removal of riparian shade, dams and other barriers that confine water bodies, industrial discharges, and storm-water runoff. YSI EXO2 Sonde Multi-Parameter Datalogger (continuous sampling) Water temperature data will be collected at selected sites using an YSI EXO2 Sonde equipped with a conductivity/temperature sensor. The manufacturer has determined the accuracy, precision, and range of this sensor. The specifications of this sensor are acceptable for the project. YSI EXO2 Conductivity/Temperature Sensor Specifications (source: www.ysi.com) Range: -5 to 35°C; 35 to 50°C Accuracy: ± 0.0.1°C; ± 0.0.5°C: Resolution: 0.001°C YSI EXO Handheld (HH) (discrete sampling) Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 53 At selected sites, water temperature data will be collected using an YSI EXO1 probe. Water temperature data will also be collected from a calibrated YSI EXO1 probe to audit YSI EXO2 Sonde data. The manufacturer has determined the accuracy, precision, and range of this probe. The specifications of this probe are acceptable for the project. YSI EXO1 Conductivity/Temperature Sensor Specifications (source: www.ysi.com) Range: -5 to 35°C; 35 to 50°C Accuracy: ± 0.0.1°C; ± 0.0.5°C: Resolution: 0.001°C HOBO Water Temperature Pro V2 Datalogger (May-September Only) Water temperature will be measured using temperature data loggers at selected active sites during the months of May-September. The manufacturer has determined accuracy and precision of these data loggers. The specifications of these data loggers are acceptable for the project. HOBO Water Temperature Pro V2 Datalogger Specifications (source: www.onsetcomp.com) Range: -40° to 70°C (-40° to 158°F) in air; maximum sustained temperature of 50°C (122°F) in water Accuracy: ±0.21°C from 0° to 50°C (±0.38°F from 32° to 122°F) Resolution: 0.02°C at 25°C (0.04°F at 77°F) Eutechnics Model 4400 NIST Traceable Digital Thermometer Water temperature audits will be conducted using a NIST traceable digital thermometer when an YSI EXO or 6-series sonde is unavailable. The manufacture has determined the accuracy and precision of the digital thermometer. The specifications of this digital thermometer are acceptable for the project. Eutechnics Model 4400 Digital Thermometer specifications can be found at: http://www.alphatechnics.com/products/precisionthermometers/Model_4400_Thermomet er.pdf Turbidity Turbidity measures the clarity of a water body. It is closely related to erosion and sediment that carry nutrients and bacteria into streams and lakes. Suspended particles absorb more heat, raising water temperature, which in turn affects the oxygen level of a water. When sediments eventually settle to the bottom of water bodies, suspended materials can clog fish gills, and smother fish eggs and macroinvertebrates. Sediment can also change the physical structure and hydrology of habitats. Causes of high turbidity include soil erosion, wastewater discharge, urban runoff, farming and forestry practices, and excessive algae growth. YSI EXO2 Sonde Multi-Parameter Datalogger (continuous sampling) Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 54 Water turbidity data will be collected at selected sites using an YSI EXO2 Sonde equipped with a turbidity sensor. The manufacturer has determined the accuracy, precision, and range of this sensor. The specifications of this sensor are acceptable for the project. YSI EXO2 Turbidity Sensor Specifications (source: www.ysi.com) Range: 0 to 4000 FNU Accuracy: 0 to 999 FNU: 0.3 FNU or ±2 % of reading, whichever is greater; 1000 to 4000 FNU: ±5 % of reading Resolution: 0 to 999 FNU = 0.01 FNU; 1000 to 4000 FNU = 0.1 FNU YSI EXO Handheld (HH) (discrete sampling) Turbidity data will be collected at selected sites using an YSI EXO1 probe. Turbidity data will also be collected from a calibrated YSI EXO1 probe to audit YSI EXO2 Sonde data. The manufacturer has determined the accuracy, precision, and range of this probe. The specifications of this probe are acceptable for the project. YSI EXO1 Turbidity Sensor Specifications (source: www.ysi.com) Range: 0 to 4000 FNU Accuracy: 0 to 999 FNU: 0.3 FNU or ±2 % of reading, whichever is greater; 1000 to 4000 FNU: ±5 % of reading Resolution: 0 to 999 FNU = 0.01 FNU; 1000 to 4000 FNU = 0.1 FNU Macroinvertebrate Assemblage Macroinvertebrates are indicators of the biological integrity of a water body. The numbers of certain macroinvertebrate species in a water body can be compared to established indices to determine the health of a stream. Macroinvertebrates respond to different stressors in different ways, so it is often possible to use the macroinvertebrate population to determine what kinds of stressors are affecting the water body. The macroinvertebrate assemblage includes all aquatic invertebrates larger than 0.5 mm. The dominant invertebrates in minimally altered streams tend to be species of mayflies (Ephemeroptera), stoneflies (Plecoptera), and caddisflies (Trichoptera). These three groups are referred to as the “EPT” taxa. Many other groups of invertebrate taxa are also present in healthy streams, and the number (diversity) and type (structure) of species present depends on the habitat and water quality of the stream sampled. CTCLUSI Macroinvertebrate Sampling Procedure Our program’s macroinvertebrate sampling design and data collection will be guided by James R Karr’s Seven Foundations of Biological Monitoring and Assessment. Evaluating the biological community of a stream through an assessment of the macroinvertebrates Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0 02/26/16 55 not only provides a sensitive and cost effective means of determining stream conditions, but it also provides an integrative view of the anthropogenic influences on streams and indicators that can be used to diagnose causes of degradation. The Benthic Index of Biological Integrity (BIBI) for Pacific montane streams will be used to identify the biological integrity of the water and help further classify water pollution problems. Streams with a BIBI score of 0-24 are considered to have low biological integrity, a BIBI score of 25-39 is considered to have moderate biological integrity, and a BIBI score of more than 40 is considered to have high biological integrity. The goal of the protocol described in this QAPP is to collect an unbiased, representative sample of benthic macroinvertebrates in wadeable streams and rivers. At each stream reach, samples will be collected by compositing D-Frame Net kick samples from a selected habitat unit (e.g. pools, riffles). Samples will be preserved in the field with ethanol. Subsampling the composite sample is necessary since the composite usually contains far more material and macroinvertebrates than is desirable to process and identify. Sub sampling and identification will be performed by qualified contractors. Bacteria E. coli and enterococcus are used as indicators of the presence of pathogens in drinking and recreational waters. They indicate the possible presence of disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and protozoans. If pathogens are present, fishing and swimming in the water may cause health risks. These pathogens can also cause cloudy water, unpleasant odors, and increased oxygen demand (reducing levels of dissolved oxygen). Sources of bacteria include wastewater treatment plants, septic systems, storm-water runoff, animal carcasses, and runoff from animal manure and manure storage areas. (Source: http://www.epa.gov/owm/cwfinance/106tgg07.htm) IDEXX Colilert-18 and IDEXX Enterolert Procedure Esc [Text truncated at 120,000 characters. The full text is on the page linked above.] --- Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/tribal%3Aconfederated_clusi%3A6a3d82aa6a6c1aad. Public record. Not legal advice.