# Interactive Data To Improve Financial Reporting > Briefs, arguments, decisions, and more. URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/fr%3AE9-2334 ## Record - **Collection:** Federal Register - **Document type:** Rule - **Published:** February 10, 2009 - **Citation:** 74 FR 6776 ## Text SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 17 CFR Parts 229, 230, 232, 239, 240, and 249 [Release Nos. 33-9002; 34-59324; 39-2461; IC-28609; File No. S7-11-08] RIN 3235-AJ71 Interactive Data To Improve Financial Reporting AGENCY: Securities and Exchange Commission. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting rules requiring companies to provide financial statement information in a form that is intended to improve its usefulness to investors. In this format, financial statement information could be downloaded directly into spreadsheets, analyzed in a variety of ways using commercial off-the-shelf software, and used within investment models in other software formats. The rules will apply to public companies and foreign private issuers that prepare their financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP), and foreign private issuers that prepare their financial statements using International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Companies will provide their financial statements to the Commission and on their corporate Web sites in interactive data format using the eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL). The interactive data will be provided as an exhibit to periodic and current reports and registration statements, as well as to transition reports for a change in fiscal year. The new rules are intended not only to make financial information easier for investors to analyze, but also to assist in automating regulatory filings and business information processing. Interactive data has the potential to increase the speed, accuracy and usability of financial disclosure, and eventually reduce costs. DATES: Effective Date: April 13, 2009 except § 232.406T, which is effective from April 13, 2009 until October 31, 2014. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mark W. Green, Senior Special Counsel (Regulatory Policy), Division of Corporation Finance at (202) 551-3430; Craig E. Slivka, Special Counsel, Division of Corporation Finance at (202) 551-3430; Jeffrey W. Naumann, Assistant Director, Office of Interactive Disclosure at (202) 551-5352; or Jeffrey Ellis, Professional Accounting Fellow, Office of the Chief Accountant at (202) 551-5300, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street, NE., Washington, DC 20549-3628. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: We are adding Rules 405 and 406T to Regulation S-T, 1 and revising Item 601 2 of Regulation S-K, 3 Rules 11, 4 201, 5 202, 6 305, 7 401, 8 and 402 9 of Regulation S-T, Rule 144 10 under the Securities Act of 1933 (Securities Act), 11 and Rules 12b-25, 12 13a-14 13 and 15d-14 14 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act). 15 We also are revising Forms S-3, 16 S-8, 17 F-3, 18 F-9 19 and F-10 20 under the Securities Act and Forms 10-Q, 21 10-K, 22 12b-25, 23 20-F, 24 40-F 25 and 6-K 26 under the Exchange Act. 1 17 CFR 232.10 et seq. 2 17 CFR 229.601. 3 17 CFR 229.10 et seq. 4 17 CFR 232.11. 5 17 CFR 232.201. 6 17 CFR 232.202. 7 17 CFR 232.305. 8 17 CFR 232.401. 9 17 CFR 232.402. 10 17 CFR 230.144. 11 15 U.S.C. 77a et seq. 12 17 CFR 240.12b-25. 13 17 CFR 240.13a-14. 14 17 CFR 240. 15d-14. 15 15 U.S.C. 78a et seq. 16 17 CFR 239.13. 17 17 CFR 239.16b. 18 17 CFR 239.33. 19 17 CFR 239.39. 20 17 CFR 239.40. 21 17 CFR 249.308a. 22 17 CFR 249.310. 23 17 CFR 249.322. 24 17 CFR 249.220f. 25 17 CFR 249.240f. 26 17 CFR 249.306. Table of Contents I. Introduction and Background A. Introduction B. Current Filing Technology and Interactive Data C. The Commission's Multiyear Evaluation of Interactive Data and Overview of New Rules D. Summary of Adopted Amendments II. Discussion of Amendments A. Submission of Financial Information Using Interactive Data B. Phase-in Under the New Rules 1. Overview 2. Companies Covered by New Rules and Phase-in 3. Information and Documents Covered by the New Rules a. Financial Statements, Footnotes, and Financial Statement Schedules b. Reports Covered by the New Rules c. Registration Statements Under the Securities Act Covered by the Rules d. Registration Statements Under the Exchange Act Covered by the Rules 4. Initial Filing Grace Period 5. Web Site Posting of Interactive Data C. Accuracy and Reliability of Interactive Data 1. Voluntary Program 2. Use of Technology To Detect Errors 3. Application of Federal Securities Laws 4. Officer Certifications and Integration of Interactive Data and Business Information Processing 5. Continued Traditional Format D. Required Items 1. Data Tags 2. Regulation S-T and the EDGAR Filer Manual E. Consequences of Non-Compliance and Hardship Exemption III. Paperwork Reduction Act IV. Cost-Benefit Analysis V. Consideration of Burden on Competition and Promotion of Efficiency, Competition and Capital Formation VI. Final Regulatory Flexibility Act Analysis VII. Statutory Authority and Text of Amendments I. Introduction and Background A. Introduction On May 30, 2008, we issued a release in which we proposed for public comment amendments requiring companies to provide their financial statements to the Commission and on their corporate Web sites in interactive data format using XBRL. 27 In this release, we are adopting the amendments substantially as proposed, but with the modifications discussed below. 27 We proposed the amendments in Release No. 33-8924 (May 30, 2008) [73 FR 32794]. The comment letters we received in response to the proposing release were filed in File Number S7-11-08 and are available at http://www.sec.gov/comments/s7-11-08/s71108.shtml or from our Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE., Washington, DC 20549. Over the last several decades, developments in technology and electronic data communication have facilitated greater transparency in the form of easier access to, and analysis of, financial reporting and disclosures. Technological developments also have significantly decreased the time and cost of filing disclosure documents with us. Most notably, in 1993 we began to require electronic filing on our Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System (EDGAR). 28 Since then, widespread use of the Internet has vastly decreased the time and expense of accessing disclosure filed with us. 28 In 1993, we began to require domestic issuers to file most documents electronically. Release No. 33-6977 (Feb. 23, 1993) [58 FR 14628]. Electronic filing began with a pilot program in 1984. Release No. 33-6539 (June 27, 1984) [49 FR 28044]. We continue to update our filing standards and systems as technologies improve. These developments assist us in our goal to promote efficient and transparent capital markets. For example, since 2003 we have required electronic filing of certain ownership reports 29 filed on Forms 3, 30 4, 31 and 5 32 in a format that provides interactive data, and recently we adopted similar rules governing the filing of Form D. 33 In addition, recently we have encouraged, and in some cases required, public reporting companies and mutual funds to provide disclosures and communicate with investors using the Internet. 34 Now, as part of our continuing efforts to assist investors who use Commission disclosures, as well as filers of that disclosure, we are adopting rules to require that financial statements be provided in a format that makes the information they contain interactive. 29 Release No. 33-8230 (May 7, 2003) [68 FR 25788 and 37044 (correction)] (required electronic filing of ownership reports) and Release No. 33-8891 (Feb. 6, 2008) [73 FR 10592] (required electronic filing of Form D [17 CFR 239.500]). 30 17 CFR 249.103 and 274.202. 31 17 CFR 249.104 and 274.203. 32 17 CFR 249.105. 33 17 CFR 239.500. 34 See, e.g. , Release No. 34-56135 (July 26, 2007) [72 FR 42222]; Release No. 34-55146 (Jan. 22, 2007) [72 FR 4148]; Release No. 34-52056 (July 19, 2005) [70 FR 44722]; Release No. 33-8861 (November 21, 2007) [72 FR 67790]; and Release No. 34-57172 (Jan. 18, 2008) [73 FR 4450]. Our adoption of the new rules is consistent with the recently announced plan to replace the EDGAR system with the Interactive Data Electronic Applications (IDEA) system. Based on a completely new architecture being built from the ground up, it will at first supplement and then eventually replace the EDGAR system. IDEA will facilitate the use and analysis of information submitted to the Commission in interactive data format. 35 35 Press Release No. 2008-179 (Aug. 19, 2008). The new rules build on our voluntary filer program, started in 2005, 36 that allowed us to evaluate certain uses of interactive data. The Commission has evaluated interactive data from an investor's perspective in several ways, including holding a roundtable focused on investor/analyst needs from interactive data, meeting with various investor focused data service providers to understand the ways in which interactive data could improve their ability to serve investors, and, at the staff level, experimenting with analysis capabilities using the Commission's viewer and other existing XBRL software. The voluntary program allows companies to submit financial statements on a supplemental basis in interactive format as exhibits to specified filings under the Exchange Act and the Investment Company Act of 1940 (Investment Company Act). 37 Companies that participate in the program still are required to file their financial statements in American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) or HyperText Markup Language (HTML). 38 In 2007, we extended the program to enable mutual funds voluntarily to submit in interactive data format supplemental information contained in the risk/return summary section of their prospectuses. 39 Over 100 companies have participated in the voluntary program. These companies span a wide range of industries and company characteristics, and have a total public float of over $2 trillion. 36 Release No. 33-8529 (Feb. 3, 2005) [70 FR 6556]. 37 15 U.S.C. 80a-1 et seq. 38 HTML is a standardized language commonly used to present text and other information on Web sites. 39 Release No. 33-8823 (July 11, 2007) [72 FR 39290]. Interactive data can create new ways for investors, analysts, and others to retrieve and use financial information in documents filed with us. For example, users of financial information will be able to download it directly into spreadsheets, analyze it using commercial off-the-shelf software, or use it within investment models in other software formats. Through interactive data, what is currently static, text-based information can be dynamically searched and analyzed, facilitating the comparison of financial and business performance across companies, reporting periods, and industries. Interactive data also provide a significant opportunity to automate regulatory filings and business information processing, with the potential to increase the speed, accuracy, and usability of financial disclosure. Such automation could eventually reduce costs. A company that uses a standardized interactive data format at earlier stages of its reporting cycle could reduce the need for repetitive data entry and, therefore, the likelihood of human error. In this way, interactive data may improve the quality of information while reducing its cost. Also, to the extent investors currently are required to pay for access to annual or quarterly report disclosure that has been extracted and reformatted into an interactive data format by third-party sources, the availability of interactive data in Commission filings will allow investors to avoid additional costs associated with third party sources. We believe that requiring issuers to file their financial statements using interactive data format will enable investors, analysts, and the Commission staff to capture and analyze that information more quickly and at less cost than is possible using the same financial information provided in a static format. Any investor with a computer and an Internet connection will have the ability to acquire and download interactive financial data that have generally been available only to large institutional users. The new interactive data requirements will not change disclosure requirements under the federal securities laws and regulations, but will add a requirement to include financial statements in a new interactive data format as an exhibit. Thus, the requirement that filers provide financial statements using interactive data will not otherwise alter at all the disclosure or formatting standards of periodic or other reports, 40 registration statements, 41 or transition reports. 42 These filings will continue to be available as they are today for those who prefer to view the traditional text-based document. 40 These reports include reports on Forms 8-K and 6-K that either are required to be filed as a result of information regarding specified events or are filed voluntarily to disclose other information. 41 Unless otherwise stated, when we refer to registration statements, we mean registration statements filed under the Securities Act. 42 Transition reports generally must be filed when an issuer changes its fiscal closing date. The transition report covers the resulting transition period between the closing date of its most recent fiscal year and the opening date of its new fiscal year. See Rules 13a-10 [17 CFR 240.13a-10] and 15d-10 [17 CFR 240.15d-10]. Unless otherwise stated, when we refer to Exchange Act reports, periodic reports, or “reports,” we mean quarterly and annual periodic reports as well as transition reports. We received 79 comment letters relating to the proposing release from domestic and foreign commenters including investor groups, pension funds, corporations, accounting and law firms, vendors and service providers, individuals, and corporate, professional and trade associations. Many commenters generally supported the proposed requirement to submit financial information in interactive data format, but many also expressed concern about specific aspects of the proposed rules including, in particular, the proposed phase-in requirement, detailed tagging of footnotes and liability related to the interactive data file. The final amendments adopt the rules substantially as proposed, with some changes to address issues expressed in the comment letters. We discuss specific comments where applicable throughout this release. B. Current Filing Technology and Interactive Data Companies filing electronically are required to file their registration statements, quarterly, annual and current reports, and transition reports in ASCII or HTML format. 43 Also, to a limited degree, our electronic filing system uses other formats for internal processing and document-type identification. For example, our system uses eXtensible Markup Language (XML) to process reports of beneficial ownership of equity securities on Forms 3, 4, and 5 under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act. 44 43 Rule 301 under Regulation S-T [17 CFR 232.301] requires electronic filings to comply with the EDGAR Filer Manual, and Section 5.1 of the Filer Manual requires that electronic filings be in ASCII or HTML format. Rule 104 under Regulation S-T [17 CFR 232.104] permits filers to submit voluntarily as an adjunct to their official filings in ASCII or HTML unofficial PDF copies of filed documents. Unless otherwise stated, we refer to filings in ASCII or HTML as traditional format filings. 44 15 U.S.C. 78p(a). Electronic formats such as HTML, XML, and XBRL are open standards 45 that define or “tag” data using standard definitions. The tags establish a consistent structure of identity and context. This consistent structure can be recognized and processed by a variety of different software applications. In the case of HTML, the standardized tags enable Web browsers to present Web sites' embedded text and information in predictable format. In the case of XBRL, software applications, such as databases, financial reporting systems, and spreadsheets, recognize and process tagged financial information. XBRL was derived from the XML standard. It was developed and continues to be supported by XBRL International, a consortium of approximately 550 organizations representing many elements of the financial reporting community worldwide. XBRL U.S., the international organization's U.S. jurisdiction representative, is a non-profit organization 46 that includes companies, public accounting firms, software developers, filing agents, data aggregators, stock exchanges, regulators, financial services companies, and industry associations. 47 In 2006, the Commission contracted with XBRL U.S. to develop the taxonomy or standard list of tags necessary for financial reporting in interactive format consistent with U.S. GAAP and Commission regulations. 48 In developing the taxonomy, XBRL U.S., which is responsible for the content of the taxonomy, included items required by U.S. GAAP and the Commission's regulations, however they also included other items that are commonly used by companies in their financial statements. In addition to undergoing a public review and comment period, the taxonomy was reviewed by the staff of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the Commission. The FASB staff is involved in the process for creating and reviewing tags for new accounting pronouncements as they are published and in the future the draft tags may even be published with the accounting standard. Currently, the Commission has a contract with XBRL U.S. to develop the standard list of tags for the risk/return summary section of mutual fund prospectuses and the schedule of investments for investment companies. 45 The term “open standard” is generally applied to technological specifications that are widely available to the public, royalty-free, at minimal or no cost. 46 XBRL U.S. is a 501(c)(6) organization. Internal Revenue Code section 501(c)(6) applies to “Business leagues, chambers of commerce, real-estate boards, boards of trade, or professional football leagues (whether or not administering a pension fund for football players), not organized for profit and no part of the net earnings of which inures to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual.” See 26 U.S.C. 501(c)(6). 47 XBRL U.S. supports efforts to promote interactive financial and business data specific to the U.S., including U.S. GAAP. 48 That contract has been completed. Financial reporting in interactive format requires a standard list of tags. These tags are similar to definitions in an ordinary dictionary, and they cover a variety of financial concepts that can be read and understood by software applications. For financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, a filer will use the list of tags for U.S. financial statement reporting. 49 This list of tags contains descriptive labels, definitions, authoritative references to U.S. GAAP and Commission regulations where applicable, and other elements, all of which provide the contextual information necessary for interactive data 50 to be recognized and processed by software. 51 49 Unless stated otherwise, when we refer to the “list of tags for U.S. financial statement reporting” we mean the interactive data taxonomy as approved by XBRL U.S. that is based on U.S. GAAP, Commission regulations, and common financial reporting practices used in the preparation of financial statements in the U.S. 50 The new rules define the interactive data in machine-readable format required to be submitted as the “interactive data file,” which will be required with every interactive data submission. See § 232.11 of Regulation S-T. 51 For example, contextual information will identify the entity to which it relates, usually by using the filer's CIK number. A hypothetical filer converting its traditional electronic disclosure of $1,000,000 of net sales would have to create interactive data that identify what the 1,000,000 represents, net sales, and the currency in which it is disclosed, dollars. The contextual information will include other information as necessary; for example, whether it relates to an annual report or quarterly report, the financial reporting period, continuing or discontinued operations, or actual, restated, forecast, pro forma or other type of disclosure. Data tags are applied to financial statements by using commercially available software that guides a preparer to tag information in the financial statements with the appropriate tags in the standard list. Each element in the standard list of tags has a standard label. A company can therefore match the standard labels to each caption in its financial statements. Occasionally, because filers have considerable flexibility in how financial information is reported under U.S. reporting standards, it is possible that a company may wish to use a non-standard financial statement line item that is not included in the standard list of tags. In this situation, a company will create a company-specific element, called an extension. 52 For example, what a company identifies in its traditional format financial statements as “operating revenues” may be associated with an element that has “net revenues” as the standard label. In this situation, a company will need to change, or extend, the standard label to become “operating revenues” when it tags that disclosure with the element. 53 A company may choose to tag its own financial statements using commercially available software, or it may choose instead to outsource the tagging process. 52 In other cases, without a relevant and appropriate tag in the list of tags, a company will be required to create an extension in order to provide interactive data that are equivalent to the corresponding portion of the traditional format filing. 53 Unless otherwise stated, extensions, whether relating to an element or a label, are not part of the standard list of tags. By the same process, a filer that prepares its financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB 54 will use the IFRS list of tags to create its interactive data-formatted financial statements. 55 The IFRS list of tags contains descriptive labels, authoritative references to IFRS where applicable, and other elements and concepts that provide the contextual information necessary for interactive data to be recognized and processed by software. The IASCF has developed the IFRS list of tags. To create interactive data using the IFRS list of tags, an issuer generally will need to follow the same mapping, extension and tagging process as will a company that uses the list of tags for U.S. financial statement reporting. As further discussed below, the IASCF is collaborating with XBRL U.S. and other parties to align the U.S. GAAP and IFRS lists of tags to make them more interoperable and comparable. This collaboration involves the development of the appropriate scope for the IFRS list of tags' content and technology architecture and currently totals 2,700 IFRS tags. 54 As used in this release, the phrase “IFRS as issued by the IASB” refers to the authoritative text of IFRS, which, according to the Constitution of the International Accounting Standards Committee Foundation (IASCF), is published in English. See “International Financial Reporting Standards, including International Accounting Standards and Interpretations as at 1 January 2007,” Preface to International Financial Reporting Standards, at paragraph 23. See http://www.iasb.org/xbrl/index.html. The IASCF released the 2008 taxonomy (list of tags) on March 31, 2008. See IASB Press Release, The IASC Foundation publishes IFRS Taxonomy 2008, (March 31, 2008). Following a 60-day public consultation period, the IASCF published the final list of tags in June 2008. See IASB Press Release IASC Foundation publishes IFRS Taxonomy 2008 (June 24, 2008). Recently, the IASC published the IFRS Taxonomy Guide. See IASB Press Release, The IASC Foundation publishes the IFRS Taxonomy Guide (August 28, 2008). 55 Unless stated otherwise, when we refer to the “IFRS list of tags” we mean the list of tags for financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. Because financial statements in interactive data format are intended to be processed by software applications, the unprocessed data are not readable by humans. Thus, viewers are necessary to convert or “render” the interactive data file to human readable format. Some viewers are similar to Web browsers used to read HTML files. The Commission's Web site currently provides links to viewers that allow the public to easily read company disclosures submitted using interactive data. These viewers are intended to demonstrate the capability of software to present interactive data in human-readable form and to provide open source software to give developers a free resource they can use as is or build upon. As noted above, software also is able to process interactive data so as to automate and, as a result, facilitate access to and analysis of tagged data. In addition, we are aware of other applications under development that may provide additional and advanced functionality. C. The Commission's Multiyear Evaluation of Interactive Data and Overview of New Rules In 2004, we began to assess the benefits of interactive data and its potential to improve the timeliness and accuracy of financial disclosure and analysis of Commission filings. 56 As part of this evaluation, we adopted rules in 2005 that permitted filers, on a voluntary basis, to provide financial disclosure in interactive data format as an exhibit to certain filings on our electronic filing system. The voluntary program has been based on an earlier version of the list of tags for U.S. financial statement reporting, which does not include a full array of standard elements for financial statement footnotes and schedules. After more than two years of increasing participation, 100 companies have chosen to provide interactive data financial reporting. 57 56 Press Release No. 2004-97 (July 22, 2004). 57 A viewer for the voluntary program is available at http://www.sec.gov/spotlight/xbrl/xbrlwebapp.shtml . This viewer maintains a running total of companies and filers submitting data as part of the voluntary program. As of January 2, 2009, 125 companies had submitted over 540 interactive data reports. During this time, we have kept informed of technology advances and other interactive data developments. We note that several U.S. and foreign regulators have begun to incorporate interactive data into their financial reporting systems. 58 In the U.S., the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), the Federal Reserve, and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) require the use of XBRL. 59 Since 2006, approximately 8,200 U.S. financial institutions have been using XBRL to submit quarterly reports to banking regulators. 60 Internationally, countries that require or have instituted voluntary or pilot programs for XBRL financial reporting include Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Thailand and the United Kingdom. 61 58 However, well-developed and widespread application of XBRL to financial reports used by investors is not yet the international norm. According to the commenter EuropeanIssuers, “XBRL is permitted or required by regulators * * * only * * * for certain reports filed with banking regulators or unconsolidated financial statements filed with the commercial registries [and] XBRL is not currently being used in Europe for financial reporting to investors.” EuropeanIssuers is a non-profit pan-European organization formed when the European Association of Listed Companies and the Union of Issuers Quoted in Europe combined their organizations in 2008. The organization states that it represents the vast majority of publicly quoted companies in Europe. 59 Since 2005, the FDIC, Federal Reserve, and the OCC have required the insured institutions that they oversee to file their quarterly Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income (called Call Reports) in interactive data format using XBRL. Call Reports, which include data about an institution's balance sheet and income statement, are used by these federal agencies to assess the financial health and risk profile of the financial institution. 60 See Improved Business Process Through XBRL: A Use Case for Business Reporting, available at http://www.xbrl.org/us/us/FFIEC%20White%20Paper%2002Feb2006.pdf . 61 See XBRL International Progress Report (November 2007), available at http://www.xbrl.org/ProgressReports/2007_11_XBRL_Progress_Report.pdf. We also have kept informed of relevant advances and developments by hosting roundtables on the topic of interactive data financial reporting, 62 creating the Commission's Office of Interactive Disclosure, 63 and meeting with international securities regulators to discuss, among other items, timetables for implementation of interactive data initiatives for financial reporting. 64 Also, staff of the Commission attended meetings of the Advisory Committee on Improvements to Financial Reporting (CIFiR) in which the committee discussed proposals for financial reporting using interactive data. 65 We also have reviewed written statements and public comments received by CIFiR on its XBRL developed proposal 66 that preceded its XBRL final recommendation. 62 See materials available at http://www.sec.gov/spotlight/xbrl/xbrl-meetings.shtml . 63 Press Release No. 2007-213 (October 9, 2007). 64 Press Release No. 2007-227 (November 9, 2007). 65 For example, CIFiR conducted an open meeting on March 14, 2008 in which it heard reactions from an invited panel of participants to CIFiR's developed proposal regarding required filing of financial information using interactive data. An archived Web cast of the meeting is available at http://sec.gov/about/offices/oca/cifir.shtml . The March 14, 2008 panelists presented their views and engaged with CIFiR members regarding issues relating to requiring interactive data tagged financial statements, including tag list and technological developments, implications for large and small public companies, needs of investors, necessity of assurance and verification of such tagged financial statements, and legal implications arising from such tagging. Also, CIFiR has provided to the Commission a Final Report that recommends that the Commission, over the long term, require the filing of financial information using interactive data once specified conditions are satisfied. See Final Report of the Advisory Committee on Improvements to Financial Reporting to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (Aug. 1, 2008) (Final Report), available at http://www.sec.gov/about/offices/oca/acifr/acifr-finalreport.pdf . CIFiR's recommendation is discussed more fully in Part II.B.2 below. 66 See Progress Report of the Advisory Committee on Improvements to Financial Reporting to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (Feb. 14, 2008) (Progress Report), available at http://www.sec.gov/rules/other/2008/33-8896.pdf . The XBRL developed proposal appears in chapter 4 of the Progress Report. Written statements of panelists at the March 14, 2008 meeting and public comments received on the Progress Report are available at http://sec.gov/comments/265-24/265-24.shtml . Building on our experience from the voluntary program, and our participation in the other initiatives described above, we proposed rules to require financial reporting using interactive data, and are now adopting those rules with the modifications discussed below. The rules will apply to domestic and foreign public companies that prepare their financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and foreign private issuers that prepare their financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. Filers will be required to include an exhibit containing interactive data with their Securities Act registration statements, quarterly, if applicable, and annual reports, and transition reports, as well as reports on Forms 8-K 67 or 6-K that contain specified financial statements. 68 Filers also will be required to provide it on their company Web sites. 69 We believe requiring the submission and posting of interactive data has the potential to provide advantages for the investing public by making financial data more accessible, timely, inexpensive and easier to analyze. 67 17 CFR 249.308. 68 The specified financial statements are discussed in detail in n. 74. 69 The new rules will not include any investment company that is registered under the Investment Company Act or any “business development company,” as defined in Section 2(a)(48) of that Act [15 U.S.C. 80a-2(a)(48)]. Business development companies are a category of closed-end investment companies that are not required to register under that Act. The new rules also will not include any entity that reports under the Exchange Act and prepares its financial statements in accordance with Article 6 of Regulation S-X [17 CFR 210.6-01 et seq. ]. The new rules will not apply to these entities because the standard list of tags for investment management is under development. By enabling filers to further automate their financial processes, interactive data may eventually help filers improve the timeliness of, and speed at which they generate, financial information, while reducing the cost of filing and potentially increasing the accuracy of the information. For example, with standardized interactive data tags, registration statements and periodic and current reports may require less time for information gathering and review. Also, standardized interactive data tagging may enhance the ability of an issuer's in-house financial professionals to identify and correct errors in the issuer's registration statements and periodic and current reports filed in traditional electronic format. Filers also may gain benefits not directly related to public financial disclosures. For example, filers that use interactive data may be able to consolidate enterprise financial information more quickly and potentially more reliably across operating units with different accounting systems. However, we recognize that at the outset, filers will most likely prepare their interactive data as an additional step after their financial statements have been prepared. D. Summary of Adopted Amendments The principal elements of the new rules are as follows: • Domestic and foreign large accelerated filers 70 that use U.S. GAAP and have a worldwide public common equity float above $5 billion 71 as of the end of the second fiscal quarter of their most recently completed fiscal year 72 will provide to the Commission a new exhibit. 73 The exhibit will be required with such filers' Securities Act registration statements, quarterly, if applicable, and annual reports, and transition reports, as well as reports on Form 8-K or Form 6-K that contain revised or updated financial statements. 74 The exhibit will contain the financial statements 75 and any applicable financial statement schedules in interactive data format. The requirement will apply beginning with a periodic report on Form 10-Q, Form 20-F or Form 40-F containing financial statements for a fiscal period ending on or after June 15, 2009. 70 Exchange Act Rule 12b-2 [17 CFR 240.12b-2] generally defines “large accelerated filer” as an issuer that has common equity held by unaffiliated persons with a value of at least $700 million, has been subject to the Exchange Act's periodic reporting requirements for at least 12 months, has filed at least one annual report, and is not eligible to use the disclosure requirements available to smaller reporting companies for its periodic reports. 71 The $5 billion cutoff will establish a category of approximately 500 filers that will be subject to the interactive data requirements in the first year. 72 The proposing release at n. 89 stated our intention that the float measurement date be consistent with the measurement date for determining large accelerated filer status. Throughout the proposing release, however, we inadvertently characterized the measurement date as the end of the most recently completed second fiscal quarter rather than the end of the second fiscal quarter of the most recently completed fiscal year. We now characterize the measurement date in the latter manner to conform it to our stated intention. 73 Interactive data will be required as an exhibit to a Securities Act registration statement that contains financial statements, such as a Form S-1 [17 CFR 239.11], but not required in connection with an initial public offering. Interactive data will not be required as an exhibit to a Securities Act registration statement that does not contain financial statements, such as a Form S-3 or other form filed by an issuer that is eligible to and does incorporate by reference all required financial statements from its periodic reports. Also, interactive data will not be required as an exhibit to an Exchange Act registration statement. 74 In connection with registration statements where historical financial statements are incorporated by reference, issuers often file under cover of Form 8-K or 6-K their revised audited annual financial statements when their previously filed annual financial statements are required to be revised, pursuant to applicable accounting standards, to reflect the effects of certain subsequent events, including a discontinued operation, a change in reportable segments, or a change in accounting principle. Also, foreign private issuers occasionally may file current interim financial statements pursuant to the nine-month updating requirement of Item 8.A.5 of Form 20-F under cover of Form 6-K which are incorporated by reference into a registration statement. In these circumstances, the interactive data exhibit will be required to be included in the Form 8-K or 6-K to accompany the traditional format financial statements to which they relate. Interactive data exhibits related to financial statements that have been restated to correct an accounting error will be required to be included in any amended registration statement or periodic report or transition report that contains the restated traditional format financial statements. The requirement to submit restated financial statements in interactive data format in such an instance would depend on whether the original filing contained financial statements for fiscal periods regarding which the filer was subject to the interactive data requirements. For instance, for those filers in the first phase-in period, the financial statements being restated would only have to be submitted in interactive data format if they were originally for fiscal periods ending on or after June 15, 2009. 75 When we refer to financial statements, we mean the face of the financial statements and accompanying footnotes. The face of the financial statements refers to the statement of financial position (balance sheet), income statement, statement of comprehensive income, statement of cash flows, and statement of owners' equity, as required by Commission regulations. References to the financial statements as required for interactive data reporting include any required schedules to the financial statements, unless we expressly state otherwise. • All other domestic and foreign large accelerated filers using U.S. GAAP will be subject to the same interactive data reporting requirements the following year, beginning with a periodic report on Form 10-Q, Form 20-F or Form 40-F containing financial statements for a fiscal period ending on or after June 15, 2010. • All remaining filers using U.S. GAAP, including smaller reporting companies, 76 and all foreign private issuers that prepare their financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB, 77 will be subject to the same interactive data reporting requirements beginning with a periodic report on Form 10-Q, Form 20-F or Form 40-F containing financial statements for a fiscal period ending on or after June 15, 2011. 76 Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K [17 CFR 229.10(f)(1)], Rule 405 under the Securities Act [17 CFR 230.405] and Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act [17 CFR 240.12b-2] define the term “smaller reporting company,” in general, as a company that has common equity securities held by non-affiliates with a market value of less than $75 million or, if that value cannot be calculated, had less than $50 million in revenue in the prior fiscal year. 77 The amendments will not require or permit foreign private issuers that prepare their financial statements in accordance with a variation of IFRS as issued by the IASB to provide interactive data. • Filers that first become subject to the requirement to submit interactive data after year three ( i.e. , companies that become subject to our reporting requirements after the phase-in is complete), will first be required to submit an interactive data file for their first periodic report on Form 10-Q or first annual report on Form 20-F or Form 40-F, as applicable. • The amendments will not alter the requirements to provide financial statements and any required financial statement schedules with the traditional format filings. • Financial statements in interactive data format will be provided as exhibits identified in Item 601(b) of Regulation S-K and Forms F-9, F-10, 20-F, 6-K and 40-F. 78 78 The adopted interactive data requirements would not apply to asset-backed filings because issuer financial statements are generally not required or provided in filings made pursuant to Regulation AB (17 CFR 229.1100 et seq. ). • Financial statement footnotes and financial statement schedules initially will be tagged individually as a block of text. After a year of such tagging, a filer also will be required to tag the detailed quantitative disclosures within the footnotes and schedules and will be permitted, but not required, to the extent they choose, to tag each narrative disclosure. • The amendments will require the financial information and document and entity identifier elements, such as the form type, company name, and public float, to be tagged according to Regulation S-T and the EDGAR Filer Manual. 79 79 New Rule 405 of Regulation S-T will directly set forth the basic tagging requirements and indirectly set forth the rest of the tagging requirements through the requirement to comply with the EDGAR Filer Manual. Consistent with new Rule 405, the Filer Manual will contain the technical tagging requirements. • Interactive data exhibits will be required at the same time as the rest of the related report or Securities Act registration statement, except for the following two circumstances. The initial interactive data exhibit of a filer will be required within 30 days after the earlier of the due date or filing date of the related report or registration statement, as applicable. In year two, a filer will have a similar 30 day grace period for its first interactive data exhibit that includes detailed tagging of its footnotes and schedules. • A filer required to provide financial statements in interactive data format to the Commission also will be required to post those financial statements in interactive data format on its corporate Web site not later than the end of the calendar day it filed or was required to file the related registration statement or report with the Commission, whichever is earlier. 80 80 The day the registration statement or report is submitted electronically to the Commission may not be the business day on which it was deemed officially filed. For example, a filing submitted after 5:30 p.m. generally is not deemed officially filed until the following business day. Under the new rules, the Web posting will be required at any time on the same calendar day that the related registration statement or report is deemed officially filed or required to be filed, whichever is earlier. • Filers that do not provide or post required interactive data on the date required will be deemed not current with their Exchange Act reports and, as a result, will not be eligible to use the short Form S-3, F-3, or S-8, or elect under Form S-4 or F-4 to provide information at a level prescribed by Form S-3 or F-3. Similarly, such filers will not be deemed to have available adequate current public information for purposes of the resale exemption safe harbor provided by Rule 144. 81 A filer that is deemed not current solely as a result of not providing or posting an interactive data exhibit when required will be deemed current upon providing or posting the interactive data. Therefore it will regain current status for purposes of short form registration statement eligibility, and determining adequate current public information under Rule 144. As such, it will not lose its status as having “timely” filed its Exchange Act reports solely as a result of the delay in providing interactive data. 82 81 17 CFR 230.144. 82 Filers that do not provide or post required interactive data on the date required with respect to a Securities Act filing will be deemed not current with their Exchange Act reports. • Companies that are not required to provide interactive data until a later time will have the option to do so earlier and may provide interactive data at their discretion until required by the amendments. Such a company may also tag footnotes individually as a block of text until required to tag the detailed quantitative disclosures within the footnotes and schedules, but otherwise must follow the same requirements as those mandated and can only use a grace period for its initial submission and the initial detail-tagged-footnote submission, whether submitted voluntarily or as required by the amendments. • Companies may cease voluntary submissions at any time and need not tag their financial data at a pace other than at which the rules otherwise would require. • The voluntary program rules will be modified to permit investment companies to participate, but to exclude non-investment company participation. As a result, the voluntary program will continue for the financial statements of investment companies that are registered under the Investment Company Act, and business development companies and other entities that report under the Exchange Act and prepare their financial statements in accordance with Article 6 of Regulation S-X. 83 83 On December 17, 2008, the Commission voted to adopt rules requiring interactive data for the risk/return summary section of mutual fund prospectuses. See Press Release No. 2008-300 (December 18, 2008). See also Release No. 33-8929 (June 10, 2008) [73 FR 35442] (mutual fund proposing release). • An interactive data file generally will be subject to the federal securities laws in a modified manner similar to that of the voluntary program if the filer submits the interactive data file within 24 months of the time the filer first is required to submit interactive data files but no later than October 31, 2014. During the time a filer's interactive data files are treated in this modified manner, they will be ○ Deemed not filed for purposes of specified liability provisions; and ○ Protected from liability for failure to comply with the tagging requirements if the interactive data file failed to meet those requirements but the failure occurred despite the filer's good faith effort and the filer corrected the failure promptly after becoming aware of it. 84 84 Although the interactive data formatted version of the financial statements will be provided in a separate exhibit and subject to modified liability during the specified period, the financial statements themselves will, of course, continue to be part of the registration statement or report and therefore subject to the full panoply of the federal securities laws, including, without limitation, Sections 11, 12(a)(2) and 17 of the Securities Act and Sections 10(b), 13 and 18 of the Exchange Act. • Also similar to the voluntary program, interactive data files will be excluded from the officer certification requirements under Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 of the Exchange Act. The principal changes from the proposing release include: • Modified treatment of liability for the interactive data files under the federal securities laws only will be available for interactive data files that a filer submits within 24 months of the time the filer first is required to submit interactive data files and no later than October 31, 2014. • The phase-in schedule has been changed from the proposal. The filers that will be phased in during year one will first be required to submit an interactive data file for a periodic report on Form 10-Q, Form 20-F or Form 40-F containing financial statements for a fiscal period ended on or after June 15, 2009. Filers that are phased in during years two and three will be treated in a similar manner. Filers that first become subject to the requirement to submit interactive data after year three will first be required to submit an interactive data file for a quarterly report on Form 10-Q or annual report on Form 20-F or Form 40-F, as applicable. • The amendments will require that interactive data be submitted with a Securities Act registration statement filing only after a price or price range has been determined and any later time when the financial statements are changed, rather than requiring interactive data submissions with each filing. • The amendments will require companies to submit interactive data for financial statements contained in additional forms—Securities Act registration statements on Forms F-9 and F-10 and periodic reports on Forms 40-F 85 as well as reports on Forms 8-K and Form 6-K that contain revised or updated financial statements. 86 85 Similar to Form 20-F, Form 40-F may be used either as a periodic report or a registration statement under the Exchange Act. As adopted, the amendments will require interactive data for Form 40-F only when used as a periodic report. 86 See note 74 above. • The timing of the required Web site posting has been eased. A filer must post the interactive data exhibit on its corporate Web site not later than the end of the calendar day it submitted or was required to submit the interactive data exhibit, whichever is earlier. As proposed, Web site posting would have been required by the end of the business rather than calendar day. • Interactive data will be required to be posted for at least 12 months on an issuer's Web site. The proposing release did not specify this, but commenters requested clarification. • While the amendments will require filers to tag separately each amount within a footnote or schedule ( i.e. , monetary value, percentage, and number), the rules will permit, but not require, filers to tag, to the extent they choose, each narrative disclosure. We intend to monitor implementation and, if necessary, make appropriate adjustments to the adopted amendments. II. Discussion of Amendments A. Submission of Financial Information Using Interactive Data For several years XBRL U.S. and its related entities, in consultation with the Commission staff and FASB staff, have developed and refined the list of tags to classify and define financial information in accordance with U.S. financial reporting practices and Commission regulations. 87 Many investors, accountants, and others, including companies that have been providing interactive data disclosure in the voluntary program, have helped in this process. 87 Press Release No. 2006-158 (Sept. 25, 2006). Interactive data financial statements using the list of tags for U.S. financial statement reporting have been submitted voluntarily to us by over 100 companies, some of which have done so since the start of the voluntary program. The list of tags for U.S. financial statement reporting has expanded significantly since the original version available for the voluntary program. 88 During this period, there has been a continuous increase in both the number and capabilities of software products and applications for users of interactive data, as well as of the services to assist companies to tag their financial statements using interactive data. 89 The growing number of software applications available to preparers and consumers is helping make interactive data increasingly useful to both institutional and retail investors, as well as to other participants in the U.S. and global capital markets. On this basis, we believe interactive data, and in particular the XBRL standard, is growing and that the updated list of tags for U.S. financial statement reporting is now sufficiently comprehensive to require that U.S. GAAP-reporting companies provide their financial statements in interactive data format using XBRL. 90 We anticipate that there will be a further update of this list of tags in February 2009 but that the newer tags will not differ significantly from the old list and that any update would not pose an additional burden to the tagging process. 88 When we adopted the voluntary program, the list of tags for U.S. GAAP financial statement reporting contained approximately 4,000 data elements. The list of tags released on April 28, 2008 contains approximately 13,000 data elements, with the most significant additions relating to the development of elements for standard U.S. GAAP footnote disclosure. 89 Press Release No. 2007-253 (Dec. 5, 2007). 90 As previously noted, however, the new rules will not apply to investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act and other entities. With respect to the list of tags for IFRS financial reporting, the IASCF has, over several years, developed a list of tags designed to classify and define financial information in accordance with international accounting standards as issued by the IASB. Over the course of the past year, the IASCF has worked to strengthen the development of its list of tags by forming an XBRL Advisory Committee and an XBRL Quality Reporting Team, both consisting of international representatives from investors, auditors, accountants, regulators and others. On March 31, 2008, the IASCF published a near final version of the list of tags for IFRS financial reporting, 91 which was subject to public comment through May 30, 2008. 92 On June 24, 2008, the IASCF published the final version. 93 In addition, the IASCF is collaborating with XBRL U.S., other foreign regulators, accounting industry members, analyst/investor groups, XBRL technology/software service providers, and others to align practices designed to improve and broaden the IFRS list of tags. This collaboration involves the development of the appropriate scope for the IFRS list of tags' content and technology architecture. On this basis, we believe that the updated IFRS list of tags will be sufficiently advanced to require that foreign private issuers that prepare their financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB provide their financial statements in interactive data format under the phase-in schedule we are adopting. 91 Unless stated otherwise, when we refer to the “list of tags for IFRS financial reporting” we mean the interactive data taxonomy that is based on IFRS as issued by the IASB. 92 See Press Release, The IASC Foundation publishes IFRS Taxonomy 2008 (March 31, 2008), available at http://www.iasb.org/News/Press+Releases/The+IASC+Foundation+publishes+IFRS+Taxonomy+2008.htm . 93 See Press Release, The IASC Foundation publishes IFRS Taxonomy 2008 (June 24, 2008), available at http://www.iasb.org/News/Press+Releases/IASC+Foundation+publishes+IFRS+Taxonomy+2008.htm . As discussed in more detail below, the new rules set forth a phase-in period that begins with domestic and foreign large accelerated U.S. GAAP filers with a worldwide public common equity float above $5 billion as of the end of the second fiscal quarter of their most recently completed fiscal year. These large accelerated filers will be subject to the new rules beginning with their first quarterly report on Form 10-Q, or annual report on Form 20-F or Form 40-F, that contains financial statements for fiscal periods ending on or after June 15, 2009. Although it will not be required, we encourage other U.S. GAAP filers to provide financial information in interactive data format during the phase-in period. In such an instance, these filers' voluntary interactive data submissions will be under the rules as adopted instead of the existing rules of the voluntary program. We also encourage foreign private issuers that prepare their financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB to provide financial information in interactive data format once EDGAR will accept such filings. 94 Prior to this time, such foreign private issuers will be unable to submit financial information in interactive data format. 94 Pursuant to the EDGAR Filer Manual, we will notify filers of the ability to file in IFRS on our Web site. The new rules will require filers to provide the same type of information in interactive data format that companies have been providing in the voluntary program, 95 together with the following items: The footnotes to the financial statements; any applicable schedules to the financial statements; and document and entity identifier tags, such as company name and public float. As is the case in the voluntary program, the new requirement for interactive data reporting is intended to be disclosure neutral in that we do not intend the rules to result in companies providing more, less, or different disclosure for a given disclosure item depending upon the format whether ASCII, HTML, or XBRL. 95 Unlike the voluntary program, unless otherwise stated, an interactive data file will be required to be provided with the traditional format filing to which it relates. Companies will not be permitted to provide an interactive data file with a Form 8-K or 6-K unless it presents in interactive data format the revised or updated financial statements included in that Form 8-K or 6-K as described in footnote 74. See Part II.B.4 for a further discussion. Because we believe that the various electronic formats have uses for which each is best suited, we will continue to require the existing ASCII and HTML electronic formats now used in filings. 96 We also believe it is necessary to monitor the usefulness of interactive data reporting to investors and the cost and ease of providing interactive data before we consider discontinuing the use of ASCII and HTML formats and the integration of formats. However, the new rules will treat interactive data as part of the official filing, instead of as only a supplement as is the case in the voluntary program. 97 Further evaluation also will be useful with respect to the availability of inexpensive and sophisticated interactive data viewers. In fact, there are many software providers and financial printers that are developing interactive data viewers. We anticipate that these will become widely available and increasingly useful to investors. 96 For example, HTML currently is best suited for providing human-readable text. 97 As further discussed below in Part II.C.3, however, interactive data generally will be deemed not filed for purposes of specified liability provisions. We expect that the open standard feature of the XBRL format will facilitate the development of applications and software, and that some of these applications may be made available to the public for free or at a relatively low cost. The expected continued improvement in this software should give the public increasingly useful ways to view and analyze company financial information. As we continue to evaluate the use of the new interactive data technologies, software, and lists of tags, we may consider proposing rules to require a filing format that integrates HTML with XBRL or eliminate financial statement reporting in ASCII or HTML format. We believe XBRL is the appropriate interactive data format with which to supplement ASCII and HTML. Our experience with the voluntary program and feedback from company, accounting, and software communities point to XBRL as the appropriate open standard for the purposes of this rule. XBRL data will be compatible with a wide range of open source and proprietary XBRL software applications. As discussed above, many XBRL-related products exist for analysts, investors, public and private companies, and others to create and compare financial data more easily; still others are in development, and that process will likely be hastened by increased public company reporting using interactive data. Most commenters generally supported the required submission of interactive data, 98 but a significant number did not. 99 Some commenters that supported the required submission of interactive data believed it would improve the usefulness of financial information to companies and investors, and that mandated interactive data use would provide the incentives to drive sufficient investment in software to enable widespread adoption of interactive data. 100 Commenters that provide interactive data services stated that issuers would need to expend only modest cost and effort to comply with the proposed requirements. 101 One commenter stated that it expected that costs would fall quickly, especially for small companies, as interactive data became part of standard corporate accounting software packages. 102 Another commenter stated that, based on its experience in the voluntary program, costs would fall significantly for subsequent submissions. 103 One commenter stated that it expected that preparing financial information in interactive data format would result in less manual effort and provide the foundation to improve business processes. 104 Similarly, comments on our 2004 concept release and proposed rules in 2004 and 2007 generally supported interactive data and XBRL in particular. 105 98 See, e.g. , letters from American Bar Association (ABA), American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), Astoria Financial Corp. (Astoria), California Public Employees' Retirement System (CalPERS), EDGAR Online, Inc. (EDGAR Online), and Financial Executives International (FEI). 99 See, e.g. , letters from Council of Institutional Investors (CII), Financial Services Information Division of the Software and Information Industry Association (FISD), EuropeanIssuers, Committee of Annuity Insurers (COAI), Valero Energy Corp. (VEC), and Wellpoint, Inc. (WellPoint). 100 See, e.g. , letters from American Business Conference (ABC), AICPA, National City Corporation (National City), New York State Society of Certified Public Accountants (NYSSCPA), and United Technologies Corporation (UTC). 101 See, e.g. , letters from Enterprise Compliance International (ECI), EdgarFilings, and UBMatrix, Inc. 102 See letter from James Angel, PhD (Angel). 103 See letter from PepsiCo., Inc. 104 See letter from UTC. 105 Release No. 33-8497 (Sept. 27, 2004) [69 FR 59111] (concept release); Release No. 33-8496 (Oct. 1, 2004) [69 FR 59098]; Release No. 33-8781 (Feb. 12, 2007) [72 FR 6676]. See, e.g. , letter from Deloitte regarding the voluntary program proposing release and letter from PR Newswire Association LLC regarding the concept release. We also note that participants in the voluntary program provided positive feedback with respect to possible required use of XBRL. For example, the vast majority of voluntary program participants that submitted responses and views to a questionnaire answered in the affirmative to the question “Based on your experience to date, do you think it would be advisable for the Commission to continue to explore the feasibility and desirability of the use of interactive data on a more widespread and, possibly, mandated basis?” See question V.f in the Interactive Data Voluntary Program Questionnaire available at http://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/XBRL_Questionnaire . Many commenters objected to some or all of the requirements as proposed and suggested alternatives. 106 For instance, one commenter argued that implementing interactive data would add significant costs to purchase software, and pay for assistance and annual maintenance fees for that software. 107 This commenter believed that the costs of using interactive data outweighed the benefits. Several commenters also claimed that complying with the proposed requirements would not reduce the likelihood of human error or would not reduce costs for issuers. 108 In this regard, one commenter stated that the additional costs would make the U.S. market less attractive to foreign issuers. 109 106 See, e.g. , letters from ABA, ACLI/AIA, AllState, Astoria, CSG, FEI, FirstEnergy, IBM, Intel, National City, Pfizer and SCS. 107 See, e.g. , letter from Florida Power and Light Company (FPL). 108 See, e.g. , letters from CSG, EEC, National City, Southern and VEC. 109 See letter from EuropeanIssuers. Some commenters that objected to the required submission of interactive data believed that interactive data would not at this point improve the usefulness of financial information to analysts or investors. 110 Some of these commenters suggested that there was not a widespread demand for interactive data in the market, and that the Commission should allow market forces to provide incentives for more widespread voluntary implementation of interactive data. 111 Other commenters believed that before adopting this requirement a way needs to be developed to independently verify that financial data have been tagged accurately and ensure that information that is consistent with that in the traditional format filing is provided to investors. 112 110 See, e.g. , letters from BDO Seidman, LLP (BDO), CII, EuropeanIssuers, and VEC. 111 See, e.g. , letters from EuropeanIssuers and Jay Starkman (Starkman). 112 See, e.g. , CII and VEC. Although commenters generally favored XBRL as the most appropriate interactive data format, some commenters expressed concerns about XBRL itself or the manner in which it is proposed to be implemented in connection with the proposals. These concerns ranged from the availability of adequate software products 113 to the potential that customized taxonomy extensions could grow so common that they would directly interfere with the comparability of inter-company data. 114 A significant number of commenters suggested ways to facilitate interactive data tagging, including exposing for comment the Commission's maintenance and support agreement for XBRL, 115 as well as monitoring, 116 cataloging, 117 providing guidance on 118 and discouraging 119 extension use. We acknowledge these concerns and suggestions and believe that the rules as adopted will address many of them. Widespread, mandatory adoption is expected to foster a network effect and encourage development of cost reducing and improved analytical products. Additionally, we believe that the taxonomy will become even more comprehensive over time as common extensions are incorporated into the base in annual releases thus minimizing any interference that common extensions might have with data comparability. 113 See, e.g. , letter from Robert Gilmore (Gilmore). 114 See, e.g. , letter from EuropeanIssuers. 115 See, e.g. , letters from Center for Audit Quality (CAQ), Deloitte Touche LLP (Deloitte), E&Y, and PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PWC). 116 See, e.g. , letter from CFA. 117 See, e.g. , letter from ABA. 118 See, e.g., letters from CFA Institute Centre for Financial Market Integrity (CFA), ConstellationEnergy (Constellation), Deloitte, FEI, Grant Thornton, Morgan Stanley, and Rivet Software Inc (Rivet). 119 See, e.g., letters from Grant Thornton, CFA, Morgan Stanley, and Rivet. B. Phase-in Under the New Rules 1. Overview The new rules initially will require interactive data reporting only by domestic and foreign large accelerated filers that prepare their financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP and have a worldwide public common equity float above $5 billion as of the end of the second fiscal quarter of their most recently completed fiscal year. 120 The first required submissions for issuers that file on domestic forms will be for quarterly reports containing financial statements for a fiscal period ending on or after June 15, 2009. For calendar year companies, this requirement will first apply to their June 30, 2009 quarterly reports filed on Form 10-Q. 121 120 Approximately 500 companies initially will be required to submit interactive data. Other companies, however, initially will be permitted to submit interactive data if they use U.S. GAAP or IFRS as issued by the IASB. 121 For most U.S. companies and foreign private issuers filing on domestic forms, the periodic report to which this will first apply will be the June 30, 2009 quarterly report. For a company that files on domestic forms with a June 30 fiscal year, the first report will be the September 30, 2009 quarterly report. Foreign private issuers not using domestic forms that are in the first phase-in group will first provide interactive data in connection with their first Form 20-F or Form 40-F annual reports for the year ended on or after June 15, 2009. Filers under the new rules will be required to submit their financial statements in an interactive data file using the list of tags for U.S. GAAP or IFRS as issued by the IASB, in either case as approved for use by the Commission. The submission also will be required to include any supporting files as prescribed by the EDGAR Filer Manual. Interactive data will be required for the entirety of their financial statements, although tagging of the footnotes and schedules at a deeper level of detail will be phased in the following year. We did not propose, and are not adopting, a requirement that filers provide interactive data for their Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A), executive compensation, or other financial, statistical or narrative disclosure. 122 Many commenters supported this position. 123 Some commenters supported the idea of eventually tagging non-financial statement information because of its usefulness to investors, 124 while others expressed concern that variations among companies in executive compensation practices may not lend themselves to the development of standard tags 125 and should at the most be voluntary rather than required. 126 Another commenter supported the application of interactive data format to MD&A because of a belief that interactive data format for MD&A disclosures would be more useful to investors than detailed tagging of the footnotes to the financial statements. 127 This commenter recommended block tagging each section of the MD&A, with some level of detailed tagging for the numbers and tables. In deciding not to require the tagging of this information at this time, we agree with the commenters who believed that more experience with interactive data and a greater understanding of the costs and time associated with compliance with the requirements as proposed is needed before expanding the requirement to other information. We will continue to consider, however, the advisability of permissible optional or required interactive data for disclosures made outside a set of financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP or IFRS as issued by the IASB or related financial statement schedules required under Commission rules. 122 Tagging this information is neither required nor permitted under the amendments. 123 See, e.g. , letters from ABA, General Mills (Gen. Mills), KPMG, Pfizer, Inc. (Pfizer) and The Society of Corporate Secretaries, and Governance Professionals (SCS). 124 See, e.g. , letter from CalPERS. 125 See, e.g. , letters from ABA, Johnson & Johnson (J&J), Pfizer, Gen. Mills, and SCS. 126 See, e.g. , letter from UTC. 127 See, e.g. , letter from National City. The following tables identify the reports for which a filer would first be required to include interactive data for the company's financial statements according to the company's filing status. 128 128 Transition reports that contain financial statements of the type and for the periods specified also will be required to be submitted in interactive data format under the new rules. These dates apply to the initial required interactive data disclosure; detailed tagging of the financial statement footnotes and schedules will not be required for an additional year. Domestic and Foreign Large Accelerated Filers Using U.S. GAAP with Worldwide Public Common Equity Float above $5 Billion as of the End of the Second Fiscal Quarter of Their Most Recently Completed Fiscal Year Quarterly report on Form 10-Q or annual report on Form 20-F or Form 40-F containing financial statements for a fiscal period ending on or after June 15, 2009. All Other Large Accelerated Filers Using U.S. GAAP Quarterly report on Form 10-Q or annual report on Form 20-F or Form 40-F containing financial statements for a fiscal period ending on or after June 15, 2010. All Remaining Filers Using U.S. GAAP Quarterly report on Form 10-Q or annual report on Form 20-F or Form 40-F containing financial statements for a fiscal period ending on or after June 15, 2011. Foreign Private Issuers with Financial Statements Prepared in Accordance with IFRS as Issued By the IASB Annual reports on Form 20-F or Form 40-F for fiscal periods ending on or after June 15, 2011. 2. Companies Covered by New Rules and Phase-in The new rules will cover all companies that report either in U.S. GAAP, including smaller reporting companies and foreign private issuers that report in U.S. GAAP or, in the case of foreign private issuers, in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. 129 On November 14, 2008, we issued a release proposing to allow certain domestic issuers to prepare financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by IASB. 130 The phase-in will require domestic and foreign large accelerated filers that report in U.S. GAAP and meet the minimum worldwide common equity float of greater than $5 billion to provide their initial interactive data submissions in year one of the phase-in period discussed above. All other U.S. GAAP filers that meet the definition of large accelerated filer will be required to provide their initial interactive data submissions in year two of the phase-in period. All remaining U.S. GAAP filers, including smaller reporting companies and companies not previously subject to periodic reporting requirements, will be required to provide their initial interactive data submissions in year three of the phase-in period. 129 As noted above, however, the new rules would not apply to investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act, business development companies, or other entities that report under the Exchange Act and prepare their financial statements in accordance with Article 6 of Regulation S-X. 130 See Release No. 33-8982 (Nov.14, 2008) [73 FR 70816]. Foreign private issuers that prepare their financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB will be required to provide their initial interactive data submissions in year three of the phase-in period. The additional phase-in time for all but the largest accelerated filers is intended to permit companies to plan and implement their data tagging with the benefit of the experience of year one filers. It also is intended to enable us to monitor implementation and, if necessary, make appropriate adjustments during the phase-in period. With respect to foreign private issuers that report using IFRS as issued by the IASB, the additional phase-in time for these issuers is to allow greater development of the IFRS list of tags and our ability to accept filings using them. Our multiyear experience with the voluntary program has helped us to better understand the extent to which a filer will incur additional costs to create and submit its existing financial disclosures in interactive data format. Based on that experience, we believe that the process of preparing an interactive data file will not impose a significant burden or cost. The voluntary program clearly demonstrated, although that program was limited to face financial statements only and not footnotes, that companies can, if they choose, tag their financial statements using currently available software without need of outside services or consultants; alternatively, they can rely on financial printers, consultants, and software companies for assistance, although they will retain ultimate responsibility for both their financial statements and their tagged data. As discussed in more detail in the cost-benefit analysis below, 131 we believe that first-year costs for a company will decrease in subsequent periods, particularly after detailed footnote tagging has been implemented. We also believe that these costs will be justified by interactive data's benefits. As with domestic registrants, we believe foreign private issuers that report in U.S. GAAP or prepare their financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB will be able to comply with the rules without incurring significant costs. 131 See Part V. We expect that smaller companies, which generally are disproportionately affected by regulatory costs, also will be able to provide their reports in interactive data format without undue effort or expense. While interactive data reporting involves changes in reporting procedures, mostly in the initial reporting periods, we expect that these changes may provide efficiencies in future periods. As a result, there may be potential net savings to the filer, particularly if interactive data become integrated into the filer's financial reporting process. While we recognize that requiring interactive data financial reporting will likely result in start-up expenses for smaller companies, these expenses may be lower than those of larger filers, given that smaller filers tend to have simpler financial statements than larger companies, with fewer elements and disclosures to tag. In addition, we expect that both software and third-party services will be available to help meet the needs of smaller filers. We expect that the phase-in will foster the improvement and availability of inexpensive software and that a firmly established phase-in deadline could stimulate the development of such software. We also intend that the third-year phase-in for smaller reporting companies will permit them to learn from the experience of the earlier filers. It will also give them a longer period of time over which to spread first-year data tagging costs. As noted above, 132 CIFiR issued its final report recommending that the Commission, over the long term, phase in the requirement that companies file financial statements using interactive data after the satisfaction of specified preconditions: 132 See Part I.C above. • Successful testing of the list of tags for U.S. financial statement reporting; • The ability of reporting companies to file interactive data on the Commission's electronic filing system using the new list of tags for U.S. financial statement reporting; and • The ability of the Commission's electronic filing system to provide an accurate human-readable version of the interactive data. CIFiR recommended that we phase in financial statements using interactive data by requiring the largest 500 domestic registrants, 133 as determined by the value of shares held by unaffiliated persons, to furnish (rather than file) interactive data for the face of their financial statements and, in block-tagged form, 134 the footnotes to the financial statements. The Final Report also recommends that, one year after we impose this requirement on the first group of registrants, we impose the same requirement on the remaining domestic registrants that fall within the definition of “large accelerated filer.” Finally, the Final Report recommends that, once the specified conditions have been satisfied and the second phase-in period has been implemented, we evaluate whether and when to require that the domestic large accelerated filers file rather than furnish financial statements in interactive data format, as well as the inclusion of all other reporting companies. 133 The recommendation does not address foreign companies. We do not believe that whether a U.S. GAAP reporting company is domestic or foreign should determine the applicability of the rules, and therefore foreign companies using U.S. GAAP will be included in the phase-in schedule along with their domestic counterparts. As noted, foreign private issuers that prepare their financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB also will be subject to the interactive data submission requirements, although they would not be phased in until year three. We also note that the CIFiR Final Report does not expressly address filings other than Exchange Act periodic reports. 134 “Block” text means that the entire footnote or other discrete item, such as a schedule or table, would be tagged as an individual element. Several commenters suggested a later phase-in for all companies with start dates of the second half of 2009 and when these pre-conditions are met. These commenters generally reasoned that the additional time would help companies and service providers to prepare. 135 We believe that sufficient progress has been made regarding each of CIFiR's preconditions, particularly with respect to the list of tags for U.S. financial statement reporting. 136 While admittedly there has been only limited experience with footnote tagging, the current list of tags for U.S. financial statement reporting has been in wide use by participants in the voluntary program in submissions to us. 137 We understand that the list also is being used by companies that are tagging their financial statements outside of the voluntary program, including experimenting with footnote tagging. The tags also will be updated in an expected January 2009 version. The updated list is expected to contain improvements such as the reflection of new accounting pronouncements. The Commission's IDEA system into which companies actually will submit interactive data has been effectively implemented and the ability of companies to do so is now established. Finally, the Commission has developed a viewer to provide an accurate human-readable version of interactive data. Both the filing and viewing capabilities are fundamentally enhanced versions of applications and processes that were already in place for the voluntary program. 135 See, e.g. , letters from National City, Safeway, Inc. (Safeway), and Emerson Electric Company (EEC). 136 We are still working on the ability to use the IFRS list of tags with our system, but expect it to be operational by the time filers that report in accordance with IFRS are required to submit interactive data files. As will be provided in the EDGAR Filer Manual, we will publish on our Web site when EDGAR can support filings that use the IFRS list of tags. 137 Since June, when it became available on EDGAR, approximately 60 companies have completed approximately 100 submissions using the new taxonomy. We have also carefully considered the Committee's thoughtful recommendation, including the recommended phase-in of 500 initial companies and delayed consideration of non-accelerated and other filers until after two years. We are adopting a phase-in schedule similar to that suggested by the Committee. 138 However, instead of waiting until after the second year to determine whether to propose extending the applicability of the rules to all filers, the new rules will establish a phase-in for the remaining companies' required interactive data submissions that will begin in the third year. Based on comments received on the proposing release, participants' experience with the voluntary program and our consultations with filers, software providers and filing intermediaries, we believe the new rules will accelerate the improvement and availability of inexpensive software. This, in turn, should generate more options and assistance for non-accelerated filers in general and, in particular, smaller reporting companies and foreign private issuers that prepare their financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB in particular so that they could become proficient in the use of interactive data without undue burden. 138 As previously noted, the worldwide public float cutoff of $5 billion will result in approximately 500 companies subject to the new rules in year one. One commenter expressed concern about whether the initial phase-in of 500 issuers would involve enough companies to create a “network effect” so users of financial reporting obtain the benefits of interactive data in peer comparisons that are most useful and likely to occur if many or all filers provide financial reporting using interactive data. 139 Although including a larger number of filers in the initial phase-in might increase the overall commercial and analytical value of the interactive data, which in turn would likely increase the supply of software for analyzing and presenting interactive data to analysts and investors, we believe a firm schedule for all U.S. GAAP and IFRS reporting companies to file their financial statements using interactive data can provide an incentive to stimulate the further development of interactive data-related software and services, while also affording most companies additional time to learn from the experience of others. 139 See letter from CalPERS. We also believe that concurrently adopting a phase-in for non-accelerated filers in general and, in particular, smaller reporting companies, and foreign private issuers using IFRS as issued by the IASB will establish an appropriate and measured timeline, which we will be able to monitor and, if necessary, reconsider during the first two years of the phase-in. Commenters generally supported the proposed phase-in schedule. A substantial majority of the commenters, however, suggested that the initial submission required be a Form 10-Q for domestic companies. 140 Other commenters recommended that the phase-in commence with filings made for fiscal periods 141 or years 142 beginning on or after December 15, 2008 or fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2008, 143 as opposed to fiscal periods ending on or after December 15, 2008, as proposed. The reasons cited by commenters included assuring that issuers would submit an interactive data file for three Forms 10-Q before submitting it for a Form 10-K, 144 providing more time for issuers and service providers to prepare 145 and allowing bugs to be detected in quarterly filings before the more widely distributed annual filings. 146 140 See, e.g. , letters from ABA, American Council of Life Insurers/American Insurance Association (ACLI/AIA), AICPA, AllState Corp. (AllState), Credit Suisse Group (CSG), and Comcast Corp. (Comcast). 141 See, e.g. , letter from Constellation. 142 See, e.g. , letters from Comcast, Grant Thornton, and Pfizer. 143 See, e.g. , letter from Astoria. 144 See, e.g. , letters from Astoria and Comcast. 145 See, e.g. , letter from Constellation. 146 See, e.g. , letter from Grant Thornton. The commenters suggesting that the initial submission required be a Form 10-Q for domestic issuers generally reasoned that it would be helpful to companies and service providers alike if they could begin with a relatively simple form. Many of these commenters suggested that the content requirements of quarterly reports would be less burdensome than those of annual reports and allow companies to allocate more staff to initial tagging and provide a tagged template on which to build for subsequent filings. 147 At least one commenter acknowledged, however, that despite the greater initial effort posed by tagging an annual report, the comprehensiveness of this report would cause companies to address most of the issues in quarterly reports. 148 Some service providers commented that although a complete annual report is more effort for preparers, creating a related XBRL document is about the same level of effort for both a Form 10-K and Form 10-Q (assuming the footnotes are block tagged) and that the biggest difference between the forms is the larger number of footnotes in a Form 10-K, resulting in a nominal number of additional hours of effort. 149 These commenters further stated that allowing the tagging of a Form 10-Q instead of a Form 10-K would delay the use and development of XBRL by issuers while providing no significant savings of time or money. Overall, the commenters that generally supported the proposed phase-in schedule took the view that companies and service providers would be ready and the date certain together with the significant number of issuers involved would encourage potential vendors of interactive data products and services to invest in the development and marketing of new and improved products and services. 150 147 See, e.g. , letters from EEI, IBM, Pfizer, Southern Company (Southern), United States Steel Corporation (USS) and UTC. 148 See letter from Association of the Bar of the City of New York (NYCBA). 149 See, e.g. , letters from EDGAROnline and Rivet. 150 See, e.g. , letters from PepsiCo., EDGAROnline and Rivet. Many of the commenters that suggested that the phase-in be slower had concerns related to the potential costs and burden of detailed footnote tagging. 151 Some commenters suggesting a different initial phase-in period than what was proposed cited the ability to assess costs and technology advancements. 152 Commenters also were concerned that such detailed tagging could result in more company specific extensions than anticipated, which might not be comparable between companies and present information out of context. 153 151 See, e.g. , letters from ABA, Constellation, SCS and Intel. See Part .II.B.3.a below for a more detailed discussion of footnote tagging. 152 See, e.g. , letters from EEI, Cisco Systems (Cisco), Comcast, and PPG Industries Inc. (PPG). 153 See, e.g. , the letters from ABA, ACLI/AIA, CSG. FEI, IBM and Intel. One commenter suggested that the phase-in should be faster for some filers, and specifically recommended that all large accelerated filers reporting in accordance with U.S. GAAP be made subject to the filing requirements in the first year, perhaps starting with a quarterly report. 154 Other commenters stated that not only is tagging relatively simple and inexpensive, but that we should endeavor to get more companies tagging sooner in order to enhance the value of information available and to provide further impetus for software development. 155 154 See letter from Grant Thornton. 155 See, e.g. , letters from UBMatrix, EDGAROnline. Some commenters also suggested that the rules should exclude or defer foreign private issuers because of the possibility that there might be a disproportionate burden on these issuers. 156 As to foreign private issuers reporting in accordance with U.S. GAAP and who meet the criteria for the first phase-in period in particular, several commenters stated that these issuers could face extra burdens potentially due to less access to service provider help, language barriers, a need to address both the U.S. GAAP list of tags and, possibly, relatively soon after, the IFRS IASB list of tags (such as those issuers that have signaled an intention to report in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB and discontinue reporting in U.S. GAAP), and have a potential competitive disadvantage in comparison to foreign private issuers already reporting in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB who would not have to tag until the third year. 157 One commenter suggested treating all foreign private issuers the same and placing them on the later phase-in schedule (or at least the ones that have announced an intention to switch to IFRS as their sole reporting standard). 158 156 See, e.g. , letters from CSG, Nippon Keidanren (NK), Philips International B.V. (Philips) and Sullivan & Cromwell (S&C). 157 See, e.g. , letters from Credit Suisse Group (CSG), NK, Philips, S&C, and J.P. Morgan (JPM). 158 See letter from Philips. One commenter expressed the desire that the phase-in not be delayed due to a possible conversion away from U.S. GAAP to IFRS. The commenter noted in this regard that it believed interactive data could facilitate such a conversion if similar items were to receive similar tags. 159 In light of the differing opinions among commenters, the experience of those in the voluntary program, the size and resources of those issuers in the first group, and our ability to monitor the experiences of those larger first phase companies, we believe that the phase-in period as modified from the proposal generally addresses the burden and expense concerns expressed by some commenters. In this regard, as noted above, a filer first will be required to submit an interactive data file for a Form 10-Q, Form 20-F or Form 40-F, as applicable and the phase-in period will begin later than proposed. We believe that this approach will provide issuers more time to prepare their financial statements and service providers more time to deliver adequate software to support them. The staff also will consider requests to defer the phase-in on a case-by-case basis for issuers with special circumstances, particularly where the filer is committed to switching its basis of reporting to IFRS as issued by the IASB. Issuers could make such requests by applying for a continuing hardship exemption under amended Rule 202 of Regulation S-T. 160 159 See letter from CFA. 160 As further discussed in Part II.E, Rule 202 will permit an issuer to apply in writing for a continuing hardship exemption from the requirement to provide interactive data if the issuer cannot do so without undue burden or expense. With respect to Canadian issuers, one commenter stated that such issuers filing forms under the Multijurisdictional Disclosure System (MJDS) 161 should be able to submit interactive data regardless of whether reporting in U.S. GAAP in order to avoid placing such issuers at a competitive disadvantage to other issuers permitted or required to submit interactive data. 162 The commenter stated that if it would not be feasible to enable such issuers to submit interactive data using a Canadian GAAP taxonomy, then the Commission should permit such issuers to tag a U.S. GAAP reconciliation. Consistent with the commenter's concern and our solicitation of comment in the proposing release, we are adding MJDS Forms F-9, F-10 and 40-F to the forms we expressly proposed to be subject to the interactive data requirements in adopting the requirements. The rules will not, however, require or permit interactive data related to these MJDS forms to be submitted when the financial statements they contain are prepared in accordance with Canadian GAAP or as a U.S. GAAP reconciliation. There is no taxonomy for Canadian GAAP or a U.S. GAAP reconciliation and, as a result, there is not sufficient tagging guidance to produce tags that would be comparable across companies using Canadian GAAP. 161 Certain Canadian foreign private issuers file registration statements and annual reports under the MJDS, which permits eligible Canadian companies to use their disclosure documents prepared in accordance with Canadian requirements in filings with the Commission. 162 See letter from Canadian Pacific Railway (CP). As proposed and as adopted, investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act, business development companies or other entities that report under the Exchange Act and prepare their financial statements in accordance with Article 6 of Regulation S-X will not be subject to the new rules. The one commenter to address the exclusion of these companies agreed with this approach and stated that the investment management financial reporting taxonomy is not sufficiently developed and that the degree of investor benefit from tagging that occurs in the case of other types of issuers is not present for investment company and similar issuers. 163 163 See letter from the Investment Company Institute. 3. Information and Documents Covered by the New Rules a. Financial Statements, Footnotes, and Financial Statement Schedules The rules will require interactive data tagging of a filer's complete financial statements and any required financial statement schedules. 164 As with the voluntary program, the new rules will require companies to provide the interactive data in an exhibit. Interactive data will be required for all periods included in the filer's financial statements. 165 As proposed and as adopted, the new rules will not, however, require interactive data submissions for other financial statements that may be required of filers, including those provided pursuant to Rules 3-05, 3-09, 3-14, and 3-16 of Regulation S-X. 166 This approach was generally supported by commenters. 167 164 As previously noted, new Rule 405 of Regulation S-T will directly set forth the basic tagging requirements and indirectly set forth the rest of the tagging requirements through the requirement to comply with the EDGAR Filer Manual. Consistent with new Rule 405, the EDGAR Filer Manual will contain the detailed tagging requirements. 165 References in the rules to the financial statements of the filer or issuer also include financial statements of its predecessor to the extent they are included in the related registration statement or report pursuant to Rule 3-02 of Regulation S-X, Instruction 1 to Item 8 of Form 20-F or the requirements applicable to Forms F-9, F-10 or 40-F. 166 17 CFR 210.3-05, 17 CFR 210.3-09, 17 CFR 210.3-14, and 17 CFR 210.3-16. Additionally, pro forma financial statements prepared under Article 11 of Regulation S-X are not subject to the interactive data requirements. 167 See, e.g. , letter from Deloitte. As with the voluntary program, the new rules will require that the line item descriptions and amounts presented on the face of the financial statements in the traditional format filing be the same as in the interactive data format. Also, the rules will prohibit partial presentation of face financial statements in interactive data format. For example, filers will not be permitted to exclude comparative financial information for prior periods. Unlike the voluntary program, our new rules require companies using U.S. GAAP or foreign private issuers using IFRS as issued by the IASB to provide tagged data for the footnotes and schedules to the financial statements. The 2005 adopting release for the voluntary program stated that we recognized that technical issues made it difficult to tag the notes to the financial statements. We did, however, provide volunteers with the option of tagging the notes to the financial statements. 168 Since the time of the adopting release, the necessary list of tags has been completed and the available software has advanced sufficiently to require that the financial statement footnotes and schedules be included in the new rules. 168 See Part II.E. of Release No. 33-8529 (Feb. 3, 2005) [70 FR 6556]. The voluntary program adopting release recommended that if participants voluntarily provided footnotes in interactive data format, then they should provide enough detail so that the tagging would be of practical value to users. The release stated that a single tag for the entire group of footnotes in a filing would cover too much information to be useful to the user. We still believe that one tag for the entire group of footnotes would be confusing and provide little benefit. If filers tag each footnote separately, however, users will be able to compare footnote disclosure between periods and across filers while minimizing the burden on preparers. We are therefore adopting the requirement that footnotes be tagged using four different levels of detail: (i) Each complete footnote tagged as a single block of text; (ii) Each significant accounting policy within the significant accounting policies footnote tagged as a single block of text; (iii) Each table within each footnote tagged as a separate block of text; and (iv) Within each footnote, each amount ( i.e. , monetary value, percentage, and number) separately tagged. To allow filers time to become familiar with tagging footnotes, in each filer's first year of interactive data reporting, only level (i) will be required. All four levels will be required starting one year from the filer's initial required submission in interactive data. In year two, for the first filing required to have detailed tagging of footnotes and schedules, the filer will have an additional 30 days to submit the interactive data exhibit. This is similar to the grace period provided for a filer's first required filing with interactive data. Subsequent interactive data exhibits using all of the levels will be required at the same time as the rest of the related report or registration statement. We believe the 30 day grace period will help a filer comply with the more detailed tagging requirements. The requirement that in the second year a filer tag separately each amount within a footnote ( i.e. , monetary value, percentage, and number) should not affect a filer's decisions regarding what to disclose. We are aware of questions as to whether the contextual information or data elements chosen from the standard list of tags could potentially reveal information that the rest of the related registration statement or periodic report would not otherwise make known. However, we do not believe that the contextual information or data elements chosen should provide any additional substantive disclosure. To clarify the intent of the interactive data requirements, new Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, that sets forth tagging requirements, includes an instruction that states that the rule requires a disclosure format, but does not change substantive disclosure requirements. As proposed and as adopted, the rules also state clearly that the information in interactive data format should not be more or less than the information in the ASCII or HTML part of the related registration statement or report. 169 169 See Preliminary Note 2 of Rule 405 of Regulation S-T. As briefly noted above, commenters provided a mix of views on the footnote tagging requirements we proposed. Many commenters objected to some or all of the requirements as proposed and suggested alternatives. 170 In terms of burden, a significant number of commenters objected, in particular, to level (iv) tagging in whole or part. 171 Several of these commenters argued that detailed footnote tagging would require significant effort from the issuer and could be confusing because of the high number of company-specific extensions and the risk of inconsistency among filers due to varying footnote formats. 172 Other criticisms included assertions that the effort required would be greater than the Commission estimated, 173 overly burdensome 174 and duplicative, 175 would result in so many extensions that the information would not be comparable among issuers, 176 and would produce information that users inappropriately would take out of context. 177 170 See, e.g. , letters from ABA, ACLI/AIA, AllState, Astoria, FEI, FirstEnergy, IBM, Intel, National City, and SCS. 171 See, e.g. , letters from ABA, ACLI/AIA, AllState, Astoria, CSG, FEI, FirstEnergy, IBM, Intel, National City, Pfizer, and SCS. 172 See, e.g. , the letters from ACLI/AIA, FEI, IBM, and Intel. 173 See, e.g. , letter from SCS. 174 See, e.g. , letter from Intel. 175 See, e.g. , letter from FEI. 176 See, e.g. , letter from ABA. 177 See, e.g. , letter from CSG. Other commenters reacted more favorably, with some suggesting alternatives to the proposed rules. For instance, a number of commenters recommended that the detailed tagging of footnotes be gradually phased in to provide more time for issuers to get acclimated to the process and for the development of standard taxonomies. 178 Other commenters suggested that the required detail tagging of footnotes should focus on the most useful and used footnote data rather on a broad array of data that would require issuers to apply thousands of additional tags for detailed financial and narrative information. 179 Similarly, another commenter suggested that detail tagging only be required as to the more standardized types of footnotes. 180 178 See, e.g. , letters from Comcast, Constellation, EEI, Ernst & Young LLP (E&Y), Morgan Stanley, National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT), and Southern. 179 See, e.g. , letters from Intel, Morgan Stanley, and SCS. 180 See letter from USS. While we are adopting the proposed requirement to tag separately each amount within a footnote ( i.e. , monetary value, percentage, and number), we will permit, but not require, filers to tag, to the extent they choose, each narrative disclosure. We believe that adopting the footnote tagging requirements substantially as proposed strikes an appropriate balance between satisfying investors' needs and not imposing undue burden on issuers. We believe the block-text tagging required under levels (i) through (iii) will satisfy the needs of those who desire information within the context of an entire footnote or an entire table. We also believe that requiring the detail tagging of individual amounts but permitting the detail tagging of narrative disclosures within the footnotes as provided under level (iv) will satisfy the needs of those who desire to analyze specific pieces of information or data. Further, we believe that by permitting filers to choose whether and which elements to tag in the narrative disclosures of the footnotes and schedules, they are granted a degree of flexibility and relieved of the uncertainty as to which narrative elements to tag, some of which are placed into footnotes and schedules voluntarily. We also believe that not requiring detailed tagging of narratives would not result in the loss of information due to block text tagging. Finally, we believe that taxonomy and software advances, combined with the rules' grace period, will avoid placing an undue burden on issuers. We will, however, monitor the implementation of these amendments and, if necessary, consider making appropriate adjustments to the requirements. Apart from footnote disclosures, filers may be required under existing financial reporting requirements to include certain supplementary financial statement schedules with their financial statements. The form and content of these schedules are governed by Article 12 of Regulation S-X. 181 The list of tags for U.S. financial statement reporting enables companies to tag individual facts in these financial statement schedules, or to block tag each entire schedule. 181 See Rules 5-04 and 7-05 of Regulation S-X and Items 17 and 18 of Form 20-F. Filers also will be required to include with their interactive data any financial statement schedules prescribed by Article 12 of Regulation S-X. These financial statement schedules will be tagged using two different levels of detail; only the first level will be required in the first year. Both levels will be required starting one year from the filer's initial required submission in interactive data format. Similar in concept to the tagging approach adopted for the financial statement footnotes, the required levels of detail will be: (i) Each complete financial statement schedule tagged as a block of text; and (ii) each amount ( i.e. , monetary value, percentage, and number) separately tagged. However, we will permit but not require each narrative disclosure in such schedule to be separately tagged to the extent desired by the filer. A filer may restate its previously filed financial statements for the correction of an error and file an amendment to its registration statement, periodic report or transition report. Alternatively, a filer may revise its previously filed financial statements to reflect the effects of certain subsequent events, including a discontinued operation, a change in reportable segments, or a change in accounting principle and file a Form 8-K or 6-K or an amendment to a pre-effective registration statement. The new rules require a filer to provide revised interactive data at the same time it files the restated or revised traditional format financial statements as an exhibit to the registration statement or report containing those financial statements. 182 If a filer decides to change a tag it used previously that was not inappropriate at the time used, it would not be required to disclose the change. 182 Revised interactive data will be required so that the financial information will be the same in both the traditional format filing and the interactive data file. If the financial statements are not revised in connection with an amended registration statement, periodic report, or transition report, the exhibit index will indicate that the interactive data file was already provided. b. Reports Covered by the New Rules We are adopting the proposed requirement to submit interactive data for the filer's financial statements contained in periodic reports on Forms 10-Q, 10-K and 20-F and, in addition, extending the requirement to the Form 40-F annual report and to Forms 8-K and 6-K that contain revised or updated financial statements. 183 Under the new rules, filers also will be required to provide interactive data for transition reports on Forms 10-Q, 10-K, or 20-F. 183 Form 40-F may be filed by a Canadian company filing in accordance with the MJDS. Similar to Form 20-F, it may be used as an annual report or an Exchange Act registration statement. We are extending the interactive data requirements to Form 40-F when used as an annual report because we believe that the effort required to satisfy the requirement and the benefits from doing so would be comparable to the effort and benefits associated with the other periodic reports to which the requirement will apply. In response to our solicitation of comment on whether to require interactive data in connection with Forms 40-F, one commenter urged us to at least permit filers to submit interactive data in order to avoid placing filers of that form at a competitive disadvantage. 184 184 See letter from CP. As discussed above, we are extending the interactive data requirements to Forms 8-K and 6-K that contain updated interim financial statements or financial statements that have been revised to reflect the effects of certain subsequent events. These financial statements typically are not filed as amendments to forms for which we proposed to require interactive data, but they provide timely financial information comparable to that contained in such forms and may be incorporated by reference into registration statements for which interactive data requirements generally apply. 185 In this regard, several commenters noted that registrants use Form 8-K to file financial statements that reflect changes for reasons other than to correct accounting errors. 186 185 Issuers would not be required or permitted to submit an interactive data exhibit to a Form 8-K or 6-K under any circumstances other than those specified. See note 74 above. 186 See, e.g. , letters from Deloitte, E&Y, and KPMG LLP (KPMG). c. Registration Statements Under the Securities Act Covered by the Rules We are adopting substantially as proposed a requirement that, subject to the phase-in period described above, registration statements filed under the Securities Act, 187 include interactive data when financial statements are included directly in the registration statement, rather than being incorporated by reference. This requirement will apply to the issuer's financial statements for all periods included in the registration statement as required by Regulation S-X and our other rules. As proposed, the rules would apply from the first filing of a registration statement. The rules as adopted, however, require that interactive data be submitted only after a price or price range has been determined and any time thereafter when the financial statements are changed. We believe analysts, investors, the public, and others will benefit from the enhanced ability of interactive data to locate and compare financial data included in registration statements. Further, under the new rules, interactive data will be required for the acquiring company, the filer, but not for the company being acquired, in the context of a business combination. 187 The requirement will apply to registration statements under the Securities Act on Forms S-1, S-3, S-4, F-9, F-10, S-11, F-1, F-3, and F-4. This includes registration statements for annuity contracts that are filed on Forms S-1 and S-3. As proposed, however, the requirement that we are adopting will not apply to registration statements on Form N-3, N-4, or N-6, which are used to register variable annuity contracts and variable life insurance policies. Some commenters opposed requiring the submission of interactive data with registration statements for initial public offerings under the Securities Act. 188 Some of these objections included the burdens for newly public companies. 189 However, a number of commenters favored requiring interactive data for initial public offering registration statements, other Securities Act registration statements or both. 190 Some commenters recommended that interactive data be required to be submitted only after the registration statement becomes effective, given the effort in preparing an initial public offering and the frequency with which initial public offering efforts never come to fruition. 191 188 See, e.g. , letters from ABC, National City, NYCBA, and Gary Purnhagen (Purnhagen). 189 See, e.g. , letter from ABC. 190 See, e.g. , letters from AICPA, Grant Thornton, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PWC), CAQ, CalPERS, CFA, UTC, Morgan Stanley, and E&Y. 191 See, e.g. , letters from BDO, CAQ, and PWC. We believe that the interactive data requirements for Securities Act registration statements in general and, in particular, as limited to filings only after a price or price range has been determined and any time thereafter when the financial statements are changed, strike an appropriate balance between the alternatives of requiring interactive data submissions with each pre-effective amendment or waiting until a registration statement has been declared effective. In our experience, most issues related to the staff's review of offerings typically are resolved or near resolution by the time a price range is determined, and, as a result, there typically would be relatively few changes to the financial statements contained in additional amendments. As a result, issuers would be required to tag information that likely is in substantially final form. Consequently, the information would be useful to investors and issuers would be unlikely to need to revise the information significantly in a way that would trigger multiple submissions of interactive data. As each submission would be tagged to indicate that the information in the submission has been revised, we believe investors should be able to monitor changes in the interactive data efficiently. Further, the rules as adopted provide that a company's first filing to be subject to the interactive data requirement would be a quarterly report or, for a foreign private issuer not required to file quarterly reports, an annual report. Accordingly, interactive data exhibits will not be required for initial public offerings. d. Registration Statements Under the Exchange Act Covered by the Rules We are not adopting a requirement to submit interactive data for the financial statements contained in registration statements under the Exchange Act on Forms 10, 20-F and 40-F. Although we only expressly proposed to require interactive data in connection with Securities Act registration statements, the proposing release solicited comment on whether to require interactive data for the financial statements in Forms 40-F and in registration statements under the Exchange Act on Forms 10 and 20-F. One commenter suggested waiting in order to evaluate experience with interactive data submission before requiring submission of Exchange Act registration statements. 192 Another commenter stated that the interactive data requirements should apply to Canadian issuers that report in accordance with U.S. GAAP and, ultimately, IFRS as issued by the IASB. 193 The rules as adopted will not require interactive data files to be submitted as an exhibit to Forms 10, 20-F or 40-F when used as Exchange Act registration statements. However, a filer is permitted to voluntarily submit an interactive data exhibit with these registration statements. 192 See letter from UTC. 193 See letter from EDGAROnline. 4. Initial Filing Grace Period As noted above, interactive data will be required at the same time as the rest of the filing to which it relates. However, each company's initial interactive data submission, regardless of filing type, will have a 30 day grace period, and therefore will be permitted as an amendment to a: • Periodic report on Form 10-K, 20-F, 40-F or 10-Q within 30 days after the earlier of the due date or filing date of the related report; • Securities Act registration statement within 30 days after the filing date of the price or price range as part of the related registration statement; 194 or 194 The 30 day grace period would begin for a Securities Act registration statement once the price or price range is filed as part of it because it is at that time the interactive data filing requirement becomes applicable. • Report on Form 8-K or 6-K that contains revised or updated financial statements that have been revised to reflect a subsequent event rather than the correction of an error within 30 days after the filing date of the related report. In addition, as noted above, in year two for the first filing that is required to have footnotes and schedules tagged using all levels of detail, the interactive data exhibit will be required within 30 days after the due date or filing date of the related registration statement or periodic, current or transition report or Form 6-K, as applicable. In the voluntary program, filers were permitted to provide the interactive data at the time of filing or at any later time, without a deadline. 195 We believe that, consistent with our view regarding the potential value of widespread market use of the interactive data, companies should be required to provide the interactive data at the time the registration statement or report is filed or required to be filed, whichever is earlier. We do not believe this timing requirement will place undue pressure on filers as experience with tagging financial statements grows and software and taxonomies develop. We believe, for example, based on our experience with the voluntary program, that the time period for the quarterly or annual report is sufficient for filers to convert their ASCII or HTML financial statements into interactive data format and that the ini [Text truncated at 120,000 characters. The full text is on the page linked above.] --- Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/fr%3AE9-2334. Public record. Not legal advice.