# Assessment and Collection of Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2007 > Briefs, arguments, decisions, and more. URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/fr%3AE7-15607 ## Record - **Collection:** Federal Register - **Document type:** Rule - **Published:** August 16, 2007 - **Citation:** 72 FR 45908 ## Text FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 47 CFR Part 1 [MD Docket No. 07-81; FCC 07-140] Assessment and Collection of Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2007 AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: In this document, we amend our Schedule of Regulatory Fees to collect $290,295,160 in regulatory fees for Fiscal Year (FY) 2007, pursuant to section 9 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended (the Act). These fees are mandated by Congress and are collected to recover the regulatory costs associated with the Commission's enforcement, policy and rulemaking, user information, and international activities. DATES: Effective September 17, 2007, except that changes to the Schedule of Regulatory Fees made pursuant to section 9(b)(3) of the Communications Act, and incorporating regulatory fee payment obligations for interconnected VoIP service providers, shall become effective November 15, 2007, which is 90 days from date of notification to Congress. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Roland Helvajian, Office of Managing Director at (202) 418-0444 or Rob Fream, Office of Managing Director at (202) 418-0408. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Adopted: August 2, 2007. Released: August 6, 2007. By the Commission: Commissioner Copps approving in part, concurring in part and issuing a statement; Commissioner Adelstein concurring and issuing a statement. Table of Contents Heading Paragraph number I. Introduction 1 II. Report and Order 4 A. FY 2007 Regulatory Fee Assessment Methodology 4 1. Development of FY 2007 Regulatory Fees 5 a. Calculation of Revenue and Fee Requirements 5 b. Additional Adjustments to Payment Units 6 2. Commercial Mobile Radio Service Messaging Service 8 3. International Bearer Circuits 10 4. Interconnected Voice over Internet Protocol Service Providers 11 5. Private Land Mobile Radio Service 21 B. Administrative and Operational Issues 24 1. Use of Fee Filer 25 2. Proposals for Notification and Collection of Regulatory Fees 28 a. Interstate Telecommunications Service Providers 31 b. Satellite Space Station Licensees 33 c. Media Services Licensees 35 d. Commercial Mobile Radio Service Cellular and Mobile Services Assessments 37 e. Cable Television Subscribers 43 III. Procedural Matters 46 A. Payment of Regulatory Fees 46 1. De Minimis Fee Payment Liability 46 2. Standard Fee Calculations and Payment Dates 47 B. Enforcement 48 C. Final Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 Analysis 50 D. Congressional Review Act Analysis 51 IV. Ordering Clauses 52 Attachments Attachment A—Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis Attachment B—Sources of Payment Unit Estimates for FY 2007 Attachment C—Calculation of Revenue Requirements and Pro-Rata Fees Attachment D—FY 2007 Schedule of Regulatory Fees Attachment E—Factors, Measurements, and Calculations that Determine Station Contours and Population Coverages Attachment F—FY 2006 Schedule of Regulatory Fees Attachment G—List of Commenters Attachment H—Rule Changes I. Introduction 1. In this Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, we conclude a proceeding to collect $290,295,160 in regulatory fees for Fiscal Year (“FY”) 2007, pursuant to section 9 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”). Section 9 regulatory fees are mandated by Congress and are collected to recover the regulatory costs associated with the Commission's enforcement, policy and rulemaking, user information, and international activities. 1 The Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (“FNPRM”) seeks comment on the appropriate fee structure for Broadband Radio Service (“BRS”). 1 47 U.S.C. 159(a). 2. We retain the established methods, policies, and procedures for collecting section 9 regulatory fees adopted by the Commission in prior years. We have found that the assessment methodology adopted in prior regulatory fee cycles has provided a satisfactory means for collecting the Commission's annual appropriations. In addition to the assessment methodology, we retain and enhance our administrative measures used for notification and assessment of regulatory fees as in previous years, such as generating bills and pre-completed assessment notifications for certain regulatees. Beginning this year, we expand our billing efforts to include licensees of earth stations and cable television relay service (“CARS”) stations. We will also apply regulatory fee obligations to interconnected Voice over Internet Protocol (“VoIP”) providers. Finally, we wish to take this opportunity to strongly encourage regulatees to electronically file their FY 2007 regulatory fee payments via Fee Filer. 3. The Commission is obligated to collect $290,295,160 in regulatory fees during FY 2007 to fund the Commission's operations. Consistent with our established practice, we intend to collect these regulatory fees during a filing window in September 2007 in order to collect the required amount by the end of our fiscal year. II. Report and Order A. FY 2007 Regulatory Fee Assessment Methodology 4. On April 18, 2007, we released a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking seeking comment on regulatory fee issues. 2 As noted in the FY 2007 NPRM , the section 9 regulatory fee proceeding is an annual rulemaking process intended to ensure the Commission collects the fee amount required by Congress each year. In the FY 2007 NPRM , we proposed to largely retain the section 9 regulatory fee methodology used in the prior fiscal year. We received ten comments and six reply comments. 3 We address the issues raised in our FY 2007 NPRM below. 2 See Assessment and Collection of Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2007 , Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 22 FCC Rcd 7975 (2007) (“ FY 2007 NPRM ”). 3 See Attachment G for the list of commenters and abbreviated names. 1. Development of FY 2007 Regulatory Fees a. Calculation of Revenue and Fee Requirements 5. In our FY 2007 regulatory fee assessment, we use essentially the same section 9 regulatory fee assessment methodology adopted for FY 2006. Each fiscal year, the Commission proportionally allocates the total amount that must be collected via section 9 regulatory fees. The results of our FY 2007 regulatory fee assessment methodology (including a comparison to the prior year's results) are contained in Attachment C. For FY 2007, we will use the FY 2006 congressionally mandated amount as the basis for calculating the unit fees for each fee category. To collect the $290,295,160 required by law, we adjust the FY 2006 amount downward by approximately 2.84 percent. 4 Consistent with past practice, we then divide the FY 2007 amount by the number of payment units in each fee category to determine the unit fee. 5 As in prior years, for cases involving small fees ( e.g. , licenses that are renewed over a multiyear term), we divide the resulting unit fee by the term of the license, and then round these unit fees consistent with the requirements of section 9(b)(2). 4 The percentage decrease of approximately 2.84 percent is based on the total amount of regulatory fees that was mandated by Congress to be collected in FY 2006, which included an amount of $288,771,000 in regulatory fees pursuant to section 9 of the Act and an additional $10,000,000 as required by section 3013 of the Deficit Reduction Act (Pub. L. 109-171). Together, the total amount of regulatory fees mandated by Congress to be collected in FY 2006 was $298,771,000. Also, the decrease in regulatory fee payments of approximately 2.84 percent in FY 2007 is reflected in the revenue that is expected to be collected from each service category. Because this expected revenue is adjusted for each individual service category each year by the number of estimated payment units in a service category, and then adjusted for rounding, the actual fee will likely differ by an amount more or less than 2.84 percent. For example, in industries where the number of payment units is declining, the per-unit regulatory fee amount for FY 2007 may actually be more than the amount for FY 2006. 5 In many instances, the regulatory fee amount is a flat fee per licensee or regulatee. However, in some instances the fee amount represents a per-unit fee (such as for International Bearer Circuits), a per-unit subscriber fee (such as for Cable, Commercial Mobile Radio Service (“CMRS”) Cellular/Mobile and CMRS Messaging), or a fee factor per revenue dollar (Interstate Telecommunications Service Provider fee). The payment unit is the measure upon which the fee is based, such as a licensee, regulatee, subscriber fee, etc . b. Additional Adjustments to Payment Units 6. In calculating the FY 2007 regulatory fees listed in Attachment D, we further adjusted the FY 2006 list of payment units (Attachment B) based upon licensee databases and industry and trade group projections. Whenever possible, we verified these estimates from multiple sources to ensure the accuracy of these estimates. In some instances, Commission licensee databases were used, while in other instances, actual prior year payment records and/or industry and trade association projections were used in determining the payment unit counts. 6 Where appropriate, we adjusted and rounded our final estimates to take into consideration events that may impact the number of units for which regulatees submit payment, such as waivers and exemptions that may be filed in FY 2007, and fluctuations in the number of licensees or station operators due to economic, technical, or other reasons. Therefore, when we state that our estimated FY 2007 payment units are based on FY 2006 actual payment units, the number may have been rounded or adjusted slightly to account for these variables. 6 The databases we consulted include, but are not limited to, the Commission's Universal Licensing System (ULS), International Bureau Filing System (“IBFS”), Consolidated Database System (“CDBS”) and Cable Operations and Licensing System (“COALS”). We also consulted industry sources including, but not limited to, Television & Cable Factbook by Warren Publishing, Inc. and the Broadcasting and Cable Yearbook by Reed Elsevier, Inc., as well as reports generated within the Commission such as the Wireline Competition Bureau's Trends in Telephone Service and the Wireless Telecommunications Bureau's Numbering Resource Utilization Forecast and Annual CMRS Competition Report . For additional information on source material, see Attachment B. 7. We consider additional factors in determining regulatory fees for AM and FM radio stations. These factors are facility attributes and the population served by the radio station. The calculation of the population served is determined by coupling current U.S. Census Bureau data with technical and engineering data, as detailed in Attachment E. Consequently, the population served, as well as the class and type of service (AM or FM), determines the regulatory fee amount to be paid. 7 7 In addition, beginning in FY 2005, we established a procedure by which we set regulatory fees for AM and FM radio and VHF and UHF television Construction Permits each year at an amount no higher than the lowest regulatory fee in that respective service category. For example, the regulatory fee for a Construction Permit for an AM radio station will never be more than the regulatory fee for an AM Class C radio station serving a population of less than 25,000. 2. Commercial Mobile Radio Service Messaging Service 8. In the FY 2007 NPRM , we proposed to continue our policy of maintaining the CMRS Messaging Service regulatory fee at the rate that was established in FY 2002 ( i.e. , $0.08 per subscriber), noting that the subscriber base in this industry has declined 79 percent from 40.8 million to 8.3 million from FY 1997 to FY 2006. 8 The only commenters addressing this issue, AAPC and USA Mobility, state that maintaining the fee amount at $0.08 per subscriber is the minimum action to take and that the Commission should consider reducing the fee amount. 9 8 See FY 2007 NPRM , 22 FCC Rcd at 7978, para 7. 9 AAPC Comments at 1; USA Mobility Comments at 3. No commenters opposed our proposal. 9. We continue to believe that maintaining the CMRS Messaging regulatory fee at the rate established in FY 2002, rather than allowing it to increase, is the appropriate level of relief to be afforded to the messaging industry. We are cognizant of the financial hardship that could be caused by increasing the fee (shrinking profit margins, additional loss of subscribers, reduced revenue, etc .) for this service category. Therefore, we adopt our proposal to maintain the CMRS Messaging Service regulatory fee for FY 2007 at $0.08 per subscriber. 3. International Bearer Circuits 10. In our FY 2006 NPRM , 10 we noted that VSNL Telecommunications (US) Inc. (“VSNL”) had filed a Petition for Rulemaking urging the Commission to revise its regulatory fee methodology for bearer circuits; 11 and that we issued a Public Notice designating the proceeding as RM-11312 and requesting comment on the Petition. 12 We stated in our FY 2006 Report and Order that the issues presented in the Petition warrant consideration separately from the Commission's annual regulatory fee proceeding. 13 In our FY 2007 NPRM , we received a set of joint comments filed by seven submarine cable landing licensees urging the Commission to take similar action. 14 We reiterate that the issues presented in the Petition warrant consideration separately from the Commission's annual regulatory fee proceeding. 15 10 See Assessment and Collection of Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2006 , MD Docket No. 06-68, Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 21 FCC Rcd 3708, 3718, n.20 (2006) (“ FY 2006 NPRM ”). 11 See Petition for Rulemaking of VSNL Telecommunications (US) Inc., RM-11312 (filed Feb. 6, 2006) (“VSNL Petition”). 12 See Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau, Reference Information Center, Public Notice , Report No. 2759 (rel. Feb. 15, 2006). 13 See Assessment and Collection of Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2006 , MD Docket No. 06-68, Report and Order, 21 FCC Rcd 8092, 8098-99, para 18 (2006) (“ FY 2006 Report and Order ”). 14 See Joint Comments at 1. 15 We incorporate the instant comments of the seven cable landing licensees into the VSNL Petition proceeding, RM-11312. 4. Interconnected Voice Over Internet Protocol Service Providers 11. In the FY 2007 NPRM , we observed that providers of interconnected VoIP 16 services are now required to contribute to the Universal Service Fund (“USF”) 17 and we tentatively concluded that the interconnected VoIP providers should also pay regulatory fees. 18 Our tentative conclusion was based on the mandate in section 9 of the Act that the Commission “assess and collect regulatory fees to recover the costs” of regulatory activities 19 as well as our analysis in the 2006 Interim Contribution Methodology Order . In this Report and Order we adopt our tentative conclusion in the FY 2007 NPRM and require interconnected VoIP providers to pay FY 2007 regulatory fees based on revenues reported on the FCC Form 499-A at the same rate as interstate telecommunications service providers (“ITSPs”). 20 16 See 47 CFR 9.3 for the definition of interconnected VoIP service. 17 See Universal Service Contribution Methodology, Report and Order and Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, WC Docket No. 06-122, 21 FCC Rcd 7518, 7536-543, paras. 34-49 (2006) (“ 2006 Interim Contribution Methodology Order ”) (finding that interconnected VoIP service providers are “providers of interstate telecommunications” under section 254(d) and asserting the Commission's permissive authority to require interconnected VoIP service providers to contribute to the preservation and advancement of universal service), aff'd in relevant part, Vonage Holdings Corp. , v. FCC , No. 06-1276 (D.C. Cir. 2007) (“ Vonage ”). 18 FY 2007 NPRM , 22 FCC Rcd at 7979, para. 10. 19 47 U.S.C. 159(a)(1). 20 Interconnected VoIP providers will pay FY 2007 regulatory fees during a separate filing window (to be determined later), most likely in 2008. For FY 2008, interconnected VoIP providers will be required to pay regulatory fees in the same filing window as other entities. a. Jurisdiction 12. By way of recent background, in the 2006 Interim Contribution Methodology Order , the Commission, among other things, established universal service contribution obligations for providers of interconnected VoIP service based on its permissive authority under section 254(d) of the Act and its ancillary jurisdiction under Title I of the Act. 21 The Commission noted that significant growth in the number of VoIP subscribers in recent years is expected to continue. 22 In addition, the Commission observed that the USF revenue base had been diminishing and the contribution factor used to determine contributor payments into the fund has risen considerably as a result. 23 Interconnected VoIP service is increasingly used to replace traditional telephone service and, as the interconnected VoIP service industry continues to grow and to attract customers who previously relied on traditional voice service, it was inappropriate to exclude interconnected VoIP service from universal service contribution requirements. 24 In its Vonage decision, the DC Circuit upheld the Commission's decision to impose USF fees on interconnected VoIP providers. 25 Prior to the 2006 Interim Contribution Methodology Order , the Commission asserted its ancillary jurisdiction under Title I of the Act to require providers of interconnected VoIP services to supply 911 emergency calling capabilities to their customers. 26 More recently, the Commission also extended the section 222 customer proprietary network information (“CPNI”) obligations, disability access obligations, and telecommunications relay services (“TRS”) requirements to providers of interconnected VoIP services using its Title I authority. 27 21 2006 Interim Contribution Methodology Order , 21 FCC Rcd at 7538-543, paras. 38-49. 22 Id ., 21 FCC Rcd at 7528-29, para. 19. 23 Id . 24 Id ., 21 FCC Rcd at 7541, para. 44. 25 Vonage at 15. Because it found that the Commission has authority under section 254(d) of the Act to impose USF contribution obligations on interconnected VoIP providers, the court did not decide whether the Commission also could have imposed this obligation pursuant to its Title I ancillary jurisdiction. Id . at 15-16. 26 See E911 Requirements for IP-Enabled Service Providers , First Report and Order and Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 20 FCC Rcd 10245 (2005) (“ VoIP 911 Order ”); 47 CFR Part 9. The Commission also concluded that providers of interconnected VoIP services are subject to the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (“CALEA”). See Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act and Broadband Access and Services , ET Docket No. 04-295, RM-10865, First Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 20 FCC Rcd 14989, 14991-92, para. 8 (2002) (“ CALEA First Report and Order ”), aff'd , American Council on Education v. FCC , 451 F.3d 226 (D.C. Cir. 2006). 27 Implementation of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Telecommunications Carriers' Use of Customer Proprietary Network Information and Other Customer Information, IP-Enabled Services , CC Docket No. 96-115, WC Docket No. 04-36, Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 22 FCC Rcd 6927 (2007) (“ EPIC CPNI Order ”); IP-Enabled Services, Implementation of Sections 255 and 251(a)(2) of the Communications Act of 1934, as Enacted by the Telecommunications Act of 1996: Access to Telecommunications Service, Telecommunications Equipment and Customer Premises Equipment by Persons with Disabilities , WC Docket No. 04-36, WT Docket No. 96-198, Report and Order, FCC 07-110 (rel. June 15, 2007) (“ VoIP TRS Order ”). 13. Consistent with our previous orders, we conclude that Title I of the Act gives us direct authority to impose regulatory fees on providers of interconnected VoIP services. In particular, we have previously found, based on sections 1 and 2(a) of the Act, coupled with the definitions set forth in section 3(33) (“radio communication”) and section 3(52) (“wire communication”), that interconnected VoIP services are covered by the Commission's general jurisdictional grant. 28 Section 1 of the Act states that the Commission is created “[f]or the purpose of regulating interstate and foreign commerce in communication by wire and radio so as to make available, so far as possible, to all the people of the United States * * * a rapid, efficient, Nation-wide, and world-wide wire and radio communication service with adequate facilities at reasonable charges,” and that the agency “shall execute and enforce the provisions of th[e] Act.” 29 Section 2(a), in turn, confers on the Commission regulatory authority over all interstate communication by wire or radio. 30 As we have previously observed, interconnected VoIP services are covered by the statutory definitions of “wire communication” and/or “radio communication” because they involve “transmission of [voice] by aid of wire, cable, or other like connection * * *” and/or “transmission by radio * * *” of voice. 31 Therefore, these services come within the scope of the Commission's subject matter jurisdiction under section 2(a) of the Act. Accordingly, section 9 of the Act gives the Commission direct authority to impose regulatory fees on interconnected VoIP providers. Specifically, section 9 states that the Commission “shall assess and collect regulatory fees to recover the costs of the following regulatory activities of the Commission: Enforcement activities, policy and rulemaking activities, user information services, and international activities.” 32 In light of the many and increasing resources the Commission now dedicates to VoIP, the Commission should recover costs from interconnected VoIP providers. 33 28 See, e.g., VoIP 911 Order , 20 FCC Rcd at 10261-62, para. 28. 29 47 U.S.C. 151. 30 See 47 U.S.C. 152(a) (stating that the provisions of the Act “shall apply to all interstate and foreign communication by wire or radio and all interstate and foreign transmission of energy by radio, which originates and/or is received within the United States, and to all persons engaged within the United States in such communication or such transmission of energy by radio * * *”). 31 VoIP 911 Order , 20 FCC Rcd at 10261-62, para. 28. 32 47 U.S.C. 159(a)(1). 33 See, e.g. , nn.26-27 supra . Although we find that section 9 by its terms allows us to impose regulatory fees on providers of interconnected VoIP services, we also find, consistent with our prior orders, that we have ancillary authority under Title I to impose these fees. See, e.g., VoIP 911 Order , 20 FCC Rcd at 10261-63, paras. 26-29. Interconnected VoIP providers fall within our Title I jurisdictional grant and the assessment of regulatory fees to fund Commission operations is critical to the effective performance of the Commission's responsibilities. 14. We disagree with the VON Coalition's argument that we do not have jurisdiction to extend regulatory fees to interconnected VoIP providers because regulatory fees can only be assessed on entities subject to licensing or certification requirements. 34 On the contrary, section 9 gives the Commission broad authority to impose regulatory fees. Section 9 does not limit the regulatory fee requirement to licensees. Moreover, the Commission has not, in the annual regulatory fee orders or otherwise, specifically limited the implementation of section 9 to “licensees.” To construe section 9 as narrowly as the VON Coalition proposes would prohibit the Commission from recovering costs from providers that impose costs on the Commission, simply because they were not licensees and would unreasonably lighten regulatory costs on certain industry segments at the cost of others. 34 VON Coalition Comments at 6-7; WCA Comments at 3-5 & Reply Comments at 2-3. b. Basis and Rate 15. Having concluded that the Commission has authority to assess regulatory fees on interconnected VoIP providers, we must determine how to assess those fees. Specifically, we must determine whether to base fees on revenues or subscribers, or some other basis, and at what rate. We conclude that interconnected VoIP providers should pay regulatory fees based on their interstate and international revenue at the same rate as ITSPs. 16. In the FY 2007 NPRM , we sought comment on whether interconnected VoIP providers should be assessed regulatory fees based on revenues, which would be consistent with the regulatory fee methodology used for interstate telecommunications service providers, or if we should use a numbers-based approach, which would be consistent with the methodology used for CMRS. 35 Most commenters addressing this issue favor a numbers-based or subscriber-based approach, as opposed to a revenue-based approach. 36 We instead adopt a revenue-based approach as adopted in the 2006 Interim Contribution Methodology Order for USF contributions. The Commission's conclusion that interconnected VoIP service is more closely analogous to wireline toll service than to CMRS guides us here. 37 As a result, we will use revenue as the basis for imposing regulatory fees on interconnected VoIP providers instead of a subscriber-based approach, which is the basis for wireless providers. 38 35 FY 2007 NPRM , 22 FCC Rcd at 7979, para. 10. 36 See, e.g. , Nuvio Comments at 4; IUB Comments at 2-4; Comcast Comments at 1-2; WCA Comments at 3; NCTA Reply Comments at 2; VON Coalition Reply Comments at 6. Nuvio and VON Coalition suggest that if the Commission adopts a numbers-based assessment, the assessment should be on active numbers and not the inventory of numbers. Nuvio Comments at 4; VON Coalition Reply Comments at n. 16. 37 The D.C. Circuit rejected Vonage's challenge to that conclusion because Vonage was unable to show why usage patterns for VoIP are more like those for wireless than for wireline toll. Vonage at 18. 38 See NTCA Comments at 2. 17. Commenters contend that broadband providers often offer a bundle of services to consumers and it may be difficult to separate the telecommunications service revenues from the other revenues. 39 Consistent with our decision in the 2006 Interim Contribution Methodology Order , however, interconnected VoIP providers may avoid separating revenue types by using a safe-harbor level of 64.9 percent interstate or international revenues for purposes of calculating regulatory fee obligations. 40 Interconnected VoIP providers may contribute based on a lesser percentage if they provide supporting traffic studies. 41 39 Nuvio Comments at 4; Iowa Utilities Board Comments at 2-4; Comcast Comments at 1-2; WCA Comments at 3; NCTA Reply Comments at 2. Nuvio suggests that if the Commission adopts a numbers-based assessment, the assessment should be on active numbers and not the inventory of numbers. Nuvio Comments at 4. 40 See 2006 Interim Contribution Methodology Order , 21 FCC Rcd at 7544-45, para. 53; Vonage , slip op. at 7, 17-19. 41 Consistent with the Vonage decision, interconnected VoIP providers need not at this time obtain pre-approval of their traffic studies. Rather, they must submit any studies upon which they rely no later than the deadline for submitting the FCC Form 499-Q for the same time period. Vonage , slip op. at 19-20; 2006 Interim Contribution Methodology Order , 21 FCC Rcd at 7535, para. 32. 18. We also conclude that interconnected VoIP providers will pay regulatory fees on their interstate and international revenues at the same rate as ITSPs. As we stated in the 2006 Interim Contribution Methodology Order , interconnected VoIP providers offer a service that is almost indistinguishable, from the consumers' point of view, from the service offered by interstate telecommunications service providers. 42 Further, the explosive growth of the VoIP industry in recent years has resulted in recent Commission actions addressing the service. 43 The growth of the VoIP industry and the extent to which VoIP service is used as a substitute for analog voice service have necessitated a number of Commission rulemaking proceedings pertaining to interconnected VoIP services. 42 The Commission has determined that interconnected VoIP service is increasingly used to replace analog voice service. See 2006 Interim Contribution Methodology Order , 21 FCC Rcd at 7542, para. 48. 43 See, e.g., 2006 Interim Contribution Methodology Order , 21 FCC Rcd at 7541-43, paras. 46-49; VoIP 911 Order , 20 FCC Rcd at 10261-266, paras. 26-35; EPIC CPNI Order at para. 55. 19. We recognize that the costs and benefits associated with our regulation of interconnected VoIP providers are not identical as those associated with regulating interstate telecommunications service and CMRS. 44 For example, at this time interconnected VoIP providers are not subject to the Commission's enforcement authority in most instances and only recently have the Commission's rulemaking activities involved interconnected VoIP providers. 45 The Commission does not maintain a database system pertaining to interconnected VoIP providers similar to the registration and filing systems for CMRS and wireline carriers. 46 In addition, interconnected VoIP providers do not receive certain benefits, such as universal service support payments and interconnection rights, as Title II carriers do. 47 Section 9 is clear, however, that regulatory fee assessments are based on the burden imposed on the Commission, not benefits realized by regulatees. 48 Interconnected VoIP providers create costs at the Commission by participating in rulemaking proceedings, waiver petitions, and other matters in the wake of our assertion of ancillary jurisdiction under Title I of the Act to require providers of interconnected VoIP services to contribute to the universal service fund, supply 911 emergency calling capabilities to their customers, comply with section 222 CPNI obligations, and comply with our disability access and TRS requirements. 49 The provision of interconnected VoIP service is a growing industry 50 and we can reasonably assume that this regulatory burden on the Commission will continue to increase. 51 Thus, this category of service providers should share in the costs of the Commission's regulatory activities in the same manner as ITSPs. Section 9 does not require the Commission to engage in a company-by-company assessment of relative regulatory costs. In any given year, companies grouped in the ITSP category, or other regulatory fee categories, might be the subject of more regulation than others, e.g. , merger proceedings. As a result, our responsibility here is to identify the category of regulatory fee payees with which interconnected VoIP providers most closely relate. On this note, we also observe that interconnected VoIP providers are able to offer their services because they interconnect with the PSTN, and they thereby benefit from our substantial regulation of telecommunications service providers. 52 44 See WCA Comments at 6; VON Coalition Comments at 15-17 & n.42. 45 VON Coalition Comments at 16. 46 Id . 47 VON Coalition Comments at 17; WCA Comments at 6. We note that interconnected VoIP service is currently an eligible service for purposes of the schools and libraries program. In addition, the Commission recently clarified that wholesale telecommunications carriers have interconnection rights under sections 251(a) and (b) of the Act, including when providing wholesale services to interconnected VoIP providers. See Time Warner Cable Request for Declaratory Ruling that Competitive Local Exchange Carriers May Obtain Interconnection Under Section 251 of the Communications Act of 1934, as Amended, to Provide Wholesale Telecommunications Services to VoIP Providers , WC Docket No. 06-55, Memorandum Opinion and Order, DA 07-709 (WCB rel. Mar. 1, 2007). 48 Commenters have not attempted to quantify the relative burden imposed on the Commission by interconnected VoIP providers. 49 2006 Interim Contribution Methodology Order , 21 FCC Rcd at 7541-43, paras. 46-49; VoIP 911 Order , 20 FCC Rcd at 10261-266, paras. 26-35; EPIC CPNI Order at para. 55; VoIP TRS Order at para. 16. 50 2006 Interim Contribution Methodology Order , 21 FCC Rcd at 7528-29, para. 19. 51 We recognize that including interconnected VoIP providers in our regulatory fee schedule at this time will have a minimal impact on the fees assessed other carriers, but this may change as the industry grows and their share of regulatory fees increases. 52 In addition, those companies that currently offer their customers both Title II services and interconnected VoIP services may choose to shift customers from the traditional landline service to the interconnected VoIP service in order to reduce the regulatory fee burden. 20. Because we are adding interconnected VoIP services to our regulatory fee assessments, we conclude that this is a permitted amendment under section 9(b)(3) of the Act. Section 9(b)(4)(B) of the Act in turn requires us to notify Congress 90 days before the change may take effect. We will provide Congress notification upon publication of this order, and will release a public notice once the amendment takes effect, if there is no Congressional objection. 5. Private Land Mobile Radio Service 21. EWA argues that the fee for Private Land Mobile Radio Service (“PLMRS”) exclusive use licenses has increased from $5 per year in 2001 to $20 per year in 2006, and for PLMRS shared use licenses, the fee has increased from $5 to $10 during the same time period. 53 EWA further contends that this increase in fee rates is not associated with a corresponding increase in the cost of regulating the PLMRS industry, and as a result, the Commission's FY 2007 proposed Part 90 PLMRS regulatory fee of $35 (PLMRS Exclusive Use) and $15 (PLMRS Shared Use) is unjustified. 53 EWA Comments at 2-3. 22. We disagree. In our FY 2004 Report and Order , the Commission stated that regulatory fees need not be precisely calibrated on a service-by-service basis to the actual costs of the Commission's regulatory activities for that service. 54 The Commission stated that, “the initial Schedule of Regulatory Fees that Congress enacted in section 9(g) reflects a `costs adjusted for benefits' approach permitted under section 9.” 55 Procedurally, the Commission calculates regulatory fees by proportionally allocating the total amount that must be collected in section 9 regulatory fees (known as “Expected Revenue”), and dividing this allocated amount by the estimated number of units in its respective fee category. In the case of PLMRS (Shared Use and Exclusive Use), the resulting figure is also divided by 10, the length of the term of a PLMRS license. Because PLMRS licenses have a ten-year term, and regulatory fees are not collected again from these licenses until after 10 years have passed, it is possible that in any given year, there may be fewer units that are either renewing their PLMRS licenses or applying for new ones. For example, between FY 2001 and FY 2006, the unit estimates for PLMRS Exclusive Use decreased from 5,500 units (FY 2001) to 2,200 units (FY 2006), a 60 percent reduction, while PLMRS Shared Use unit estimates decreased from 58,000 units (FY 2001) to 25,000 units (FY 2006), a 57 percent reduction. 56 At the same time that PLMRS (Shared Use and Exclusive Use) unit estimates were decreasing by nearly 60 percent, our congressionally mandated regulatory fees collections amount increased from $200.1 million (FY 2001) to $298.8 million (FY 2006), an increase of 49 percent. The combination of an increasing collections amount mandated by Congress combined with a decrease in the number of units resulted in a higher unit fee between FY 2001 and FY 2006 for PLMRS Shared Use and PLMRS Exclusive Use fee categories. 54 See Assessment and Collection of Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2004 , MD Docket No. 04-73, Report and Order, 19 FCC Rcd 11662, 11665-67, paras. 6-12 (2004) (“ FY 2004 Report and Order ”). 55 See FY 2004 Report and Order , 19 FCC Rcd at 11666, para. 8. 56 Data derived from regulatory fee Report and Orders for fiscal years 2001-2006. 23. We also note that the unit fee increase has been gradual over time. For example, between FY 2001 and FY 2006, the PLMRS Shared Use unit fee remained steady at $5 per year between FY 2001 and FY 2005, and increased only to $10 per year beginning in FY 2006. During the same time period, the PLMRS Exclusive Use unit fee remained at $5 per year in FY 2001 and FY 2002, increased to the level of $10 per year in FY 2003, FY 2004, and FY 2005, and then increased to $20 per year in FY 2006. Because these fee increases are based primarily on a declining unit base and an increasing congressional mandate to collect more annual regulatory fees, common factors that contribute to unit fee changes each year, we decline to modify or reduce the PLMRS (Shared Use and Exclusive Use) unit fee as EWA suggests. B. Administrative and Operational Issues 24. In our FY 2007 NPRM, we sought comment on the administrative and operational processes used to collect the annual section 9 regulatory fees. Although these issues do not affect the amount of regulatory fees parties are obligated to submit, the administrative and operational issues affect the process of submitting payment. 1. Use of Fee Filer 25. We did not seek specific comment on the use of our online Fee Filer application in the FY 2007 NPRM. We take this opportunity, however, to strongly encourage regulatees to electronically file their FY 2007 regulatory fee payments via Fee Filer, 57 rather than submitting payment with a completed hardcopy Form 159, Form 159-B, and/or Form 159-W. The benefits of electronically filing via Fee Filer are expeditious payment submissions that are less expensive (no U.S. postage if paying online) and less prone to error. It also results in improved record keeping and payment reconciliation efforts, and reduces paperwork burdens on payers and Commission staff alike. 57 Fee Filer can be accessed at http://www.fcc.gov/fees/feefiler.html. 26. Traditionally, we have received hardcopy Form 159-Cs (Continuation Sheets) from our regulatees needing to make voluminous payment transactions. Our “voluminous payers” will benefit even more so by using Fee Filer. Having expanded our pre-billing initiatives in FY 2007, some regulatees will receive more than one Form 159-B; and some will be obligated to pay for fees that were pre-billed and other fees that were not pre-billed. Fee Filer relieves regulatees of the need to mail several different pre-bills or to follow different filing instructions for different fees; and enables all fee obligations to be paid simply either online or by following pre-printed instructions on a Fee Filer-produced voucher. 27. We note that Fee Filer accepts electronic credit card transactions of up to $99,999.99 and ACH payment transactions from a bank account of an unlimited dollar amount. Fee Filer also facilitates payment by check or wire transfer by producing a one-page Remittance Voucher Form 159-E which can be mailed to our lockbox bank. 2. Proposals for Notification and Collection of Regulatory Fees 28. In our FY 2007 NPRM, we sought comment on the administrative processes that the Commission uses to notify regulatees and collect regulatory fees. We received no comment on these general processes. Each year, we generate public notices and fact sheets that notify regulatees of the fee payment due date and provide additional information regarding regulatory fee payment procedures. Consistent with our established practice, we will provide public notices, fact sheets and all other relevant material on our Web site at http://www.fcc.gov/fees/regfees.html for the FY 2007 regulatory fee cycle. As a general practice, we will not send regulatory fee material to regulatees via surface mail. However, in the event that regulatees do not have access to the Internet, we will mail public notices and other relevant material upon request. Regulatees and the general public may request such information by contacting the FCC Financial Operations HelpDesk at (877) 480-3201, Option 4. 29. As discussed above, we do not send public notices and fact sheets to regulatees en masse. However, we will continue to send specific regulatory fee pre-bills or assessment notifications via surface mail to the select fee categories discussed below. 58 Pre-bills are hardcopy billing statements that the Commission mails to certain regulatees. In prior years, the Commission only sent pre-bills to ITSPs and satellite space station licensees. The remaining regulatees did not receive pre-bills. 58 An assessment is a proposed statement of the amount of regulatory fees owed by an entity to the Commission (or proposed subscriber count to be ascribed for purposes of setting the entity's regulatory fee) but it is not entered into the Commission's accounting system as a current debt. A pre-bill is considered an account receivable in the Commission's accounting system. Pre-bills reflect the amount owed and have a payment due date of the last day of the regulatory fee payment window. Consequently, if a pre-bill is not paid by the due date, it becomes delinquent and is subject to our debt collection procedures. See also 47 CFR 1.1161(c), 1.1164(f)(5), and 1.1910. 30. In our FY 2007 NPRM, we sought comment on expanding our section 9 regulatory fee pre-billing initiatives to include our service categories for earth stations and CARS stations, beginning in FY 2007. We stated that we could accomplish pre-billing for these categories because they are comprised of relatively few payment units (relative to many other categories in our Schedule of Regulatory Fees), and because we maintain licensing databases for both categories. 59 The ACA supports our proposal to pre-bill earth stations and CARS stations, noting that it can promote timely filings and payments, and further reduce administrative burdens and costs for small cable operators. 60 We received no comments regarding our proposal. Effective this fiscal year, we will pre-bill our earth station and CARS station service categories. 59 See FY 2007 NPRM, 22 FCC Rcd at 7981, para. 19. 60 ACA Comments at 4. a. Interstate Telecommunications Service Providers 31. In FY 2001, we began mailing pre-completed FCC Form 159-W assessments to carriers in an effort to assist them in paying their ITSP regulatory fee. The fee amount on FCC Form 159-W was calculated from the FCC Form 499-A worksheet. Beginning in FY 2004, we converted our usage of the FCC Form 159-W from an “assessment of amount due” to a pre-bill. We have successfully used the Form 159-W as a pre-billing instrument in the fiscal years following, and we proposed to continue our ITSP pre-billing initiative in FY 2007 in our FY 2007 NPRM. We received no comment on this proposal, and will continue to mail pre-bills ITSPs in FY 2007. 32. This fiscal year, we will round lines 14 (total subject revenues) and 16 (total regulatory fee owed) on FCC Form 159-W to the nearest dollar. Line 14 must be rounded to a whole dollar amount because this data field is linked to the FCC Form 159 Remittance Advice Block 25A (quantity), which can only accept whole numbers. It logically follows that if line 14 must be rounded, then the form's final line that calculates the total fee owed (line 16) should be rounded to the nearest dollar as well. Also, rounding lines 14 and 16 will nominally ease the filing and payment burdens of our Form 159-W filers. We received no comment on this administrative change as proposed in our FY 2007 NPRM, and will therefore implement the change for FY 2007. b. Satellite Space Station Licensees 33. Beginning in FY 2004, we mailed regulatory fee pre-bills via surface mail to licensees in our two satellite space station service categories. Specifically, geostationary orbit space station (“GSO”) licensees received bills requesting regulatory fee payment for satellites that (1) were licensed by the Commission and operational on or before October 1 of the respective fiscal year; and (2) were not co-located with and technically identical to another operational satellite on that date ( i.e. , were not functioning as a spare satellite). Non-geostationary orbit space station (“NGSO”) licensees received pre-bills requesting regulatory fee payment for systems that were licensed by the Commission and operational on or before October 1 of the respective fiscal year. 34. For FY 2007, we proposed to continue mailing pre-bills for our GSO and NGSO satellite space station categories. 61 We received no comment on this matter, and will continue to mail pre-bills to our GSO and NGSO satellite space station categories. 61 See FY 2007 NPRM, 22 FCC Rcd at 7980-81, para. 17. c. Media Services Licensees 35. Beginning in FY 2003, we sent fee assessment notifications via surface mail to media services entities on a per-facility basis. The notifications provided the assessed fee amount for the facility in question, as well as the data attributes that determined the fee amount. We have since refined this initiative with improved results. 62 In our FY 2007 NPRM , we proposed to continue our assessment initiative for media services licensees this year. 63 We received no comment on the proposal. 62 Some of those refinements have been to provide licensees with a Commission-authorized Web site to update or correct any information concerning their facilities, and to amend their fee-exempt status, if need be. Also, our notifications now provide licensees with a telephone number to call in the event that they need customer assistance. The notifications themselves have been refined so that licensees of fewer than four facilities receive individual fee assessment postcards for their facilities; whereas licensees of four or more facilities now receive a single assessment letter that lists all of their facilities and the associated regulatory fee obligation for each facility. 63 Fee assessments were proposed again to be issued for AM and FM Radio Stations, AM and FM Construction Permits, FM Translators/Boosters, VHF and UHF Television Stations, VHF and UHF Television Construction Permits, Satellite Television Stations, Low Power Television (“LPTV”) Stations, Class A Television Stations, and LPTV Translators/Boosters, to the extent that applicants, permittees and licensees of such facilities do not qualify as government entities or non-profit entities. Fee assessments have not been issued for broadcast auxiliary stations in prior years, nor will they be issued in FY 2007. 36. Consistent with procedures used last year, we will mail assessment notifications to licensees to their primary record of contact populated in CDBS (Consolidated Database System) and to their secondary record of contact, if available. We will continue to make the Commission-authorized web site available to licensees to update or correct any information concerning their facilities and to amend their fee-exempt status, if need be. 64 Licensees opting not to file their fee payment electronically through Fee Filer must submit a completed hardcopy FCC Form 159 with their fee payment; i.e. , the assessment notifications cannot be used as a substitute for a completed Form 159. 64 The Commission-authorized Web site for media services licensees is http://www.fccfees.com. d. Commercial Mobile Radio Service Cellular and Mobile Services Assessments 37. As we have done in prior years, we will send assessment letters to CMRS providers using Numbering Resource Utilization Forecast (“NRUF”) data that is based on “assigned” number counts that have been adjusted for porting to net Type 0 ports (“in” and “out”). 65 The letters will not include Operating Company Numbers (“OCNs”) with their respective assigned number counts, but rather, OCNs with an aggregate total of assigned numbers for each carrier. As in prior years, carriers will be given an opportunity to amend their subscriber counts listed on the assessment letter. 65 See Assessment and Collection of Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2005 and Assessment and Collection of Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2004, MD Docket Nos. 05-59 and 04-73, Report and Order and Order on Reconsideration, 20 FCC Rcd 12259, 12264, paras. 38-44 (2005). 38. If the number of subscribers on the assessment letter differs from the subscriber count the service provider provided on its NRUF form, the provider may correct its subscriber count by returning the assessment letter or by contacting the Commission and stating a reason for the change, such as the purchase or the sale of a subsidiary, including the date of the transaction, and any other information that will help to justify a reason for the change. 39. If we receive no response or correction to our initial assessment letter, we will expect the provider's section 9 fee payment to be based on the number of subscribers listed on that letter. We will review all amendments to assessment letters and determine whether a change in the number of subscribers is warranted. We will then generate and mail a final assessment letter. The final assessment letter will inform carriers as to whether or not we accept the amended subscriber count. 40. Although an initial and a final assessment letter will be mailed to CMRS providers that have filed an NRUF form, some providers may not be sent assessment letters if they did not file the NRUF form. These providers shall compute their section 9 fee payment using the standard methodology 66 that is currently in place for CMRS Wireless services (e.g., compute their subscriber counts as of December 31, 2006), and submit their payment accordingly, either via Fee Filer, or attached to a completed hardcopy FCC Form 159. However, regardless of whether a provider receives an assessment letter or calculates its subscriber count independently, the Commission may audit the number of subscribers for which section 9 fees are paid. In the event that the Commission determines that the number of subscribers is inaccurate or that an insufficient reason is given for making a correction on the initial assessment letter, the Commission will assess the carrier for the difference between what was paid and what should have been paid. 66 Federal Communications Commission, Regulatory Fees Fact Sheet: What You Owe—Commercial Wireless Services for FY 2005 at 1 (rel. Jul. 2005). 41. Aggregate Subscriber Levels. Also in our FY 2007 NPRM, we noted that last year we eliminated the requirement for CMRS providers to identify their individual call signs when making their section 9 fee payment. This simplified the payment process for all CMRS providers by enabling them to pay their section 9 fees at the aggregate level. 67 In our FY 2007 NPRM, we proposed to continue this practice and we received no comment. We shall therefore continue to allow CMRS providers to pay their section 9 fees at the aggregate subscriber level. 67 See Assessment and Collection of Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2006, MD Docket No. 06-68, Report and Order, 21 FCC Rcd 8092, 8105, para. 48 (2006). 42. Consolidated CMRS Section 9 Fee Categories. Finally, in our FY 2007 NPRM, we proposed to consolidate the CMRS cellular and CMRS mobile fee categories into one CMRS fee category. This action would eliminate the need for CMRS providers to separate their subscriber counts into CMRS cellular and CMRS mobile fee categories during the fee payment process. At one time, the Commission perceived a need to monitor the CMRS cellular and CMRS mobile fee categories separately. 68 However, we deem this no longer necessary and therefore proposed to reduce administrative burdens on CMRS providers by consolidating the two categories into one. We received no specific comment on this proposal. We will therefore consolidate our CMRS mobile category (which would have been payment type code 0712 in FY 2007) into the CMRS cellular category (payment type code 0711 in FY 2007). On a going forward basis, all CMRS cellular and mobile providers shall make their section 9 fee payments using the Commission's payment type code _11. This procedural change does not affect CMRS Messaging (Paging) providers, who will continue to make their section 9 fee payment using fee code 0713 in FY 2007 and _13 in the outyears. 68 In our FY 1998 Report and Order, the Commission classified Wireless Communications Service (“WCS”), which included Personal Communications Services (Part 24), as a CMRS Mobile Service, stating that CMRS is “an ‘umbrella’ descriptive term attributed to various existing broadband services authorized to provide interconnected mobile radio services” 68 However, beginning in FY 1998, a separate fee code was provided for Personal Communications Service (“PCS”) to monitor the number of units in this service category. e. Cable Television Subscribers 43. In our FY 2007 NRPM, we proposed to continue to permit cable television operators to base their regulatory fee payment on their company's aggregate year-end subscriber count, rather than requiring them to sub-report subscriber counts on a per community unit identifier (CUID) basis. 69 This practice has worked well for the Commission the past three fiscal years and has eased administrative burdens for the cable television industry. One commenter supports this proposal. 70 We received no opposing comments, and will thereby continue to employ this payment procedure this fiscal year. 69 See FY 2007 NPRM, 22 FCC Rcd at 7983, para. 28. 70 ACA Comments at 2. 44. We also proposed to send an e-mail reminder to addresses populated in the Media Bureau's Cable Operations and Licensing System (“COALS”), as we did last year, to notify recipients of the FY 2007 regulatory fee payment due date and the fee amount for basic cable television subscribers. Cable television operators are required to file their cable-related forms at the Commission via the COALS Web site. To date, more than 98 percent of all cable operators have their email addresses recorded in the database. One commenter supports this proposal. 71 We received no opposing comments, and will therefore send an e-mail reminder to cable operators again this fiscal year. 71 ACA Comments at 2. 45. Sending reminders via e-mail has proven to be an effective practice and we therefore proposed to discontinue our other practice of sending fee assessment letters via surface mail to cable television operators who are on file as having paid regulatory fees the previous fiscal year. One commenter asks the Commission to continue sending fee assessment letters via surface mail to cable operators that serve fewer than 5,000 subscribers, stating that these operators rely exclusively on the U.S. postal service for their day-to-day operations. 72 We decline the commenter's request. After conducting this assessment initiative for three years, we have concluded that it is inadequate for accurate assessment purposes and we will instead direct the Commission's resources towards more useful fee collection activities. In addition, we note that we make available all relevant regulatory fee material on our Web site. If regulatees cannot access the Internet to obtain the necessary information for paying their regulatory fees, they may request such information to be sent via surface mail by contacting the FCC Financial Operations HelpDesk at (877) 480-3201, Option 4. 72 ACA Comments at 3. III. Procedural Matters A. Payment of Regulatory Fees 1. De Minimis Fee Payment Liability 46. Consistent with past practice, regulatees whose total FY 2007 regulatory fee liability, including all categories of fees for which payment is due, amounts to less than $10 will be exempted from payment of FY 2007 regulatory fees. 2. Standard Fee Calculations and Payment Dates 47. The Commission will, for the convenience of payers, accept fee payments made in advance of the window for the payment of regulatory fees. Licensees are reminded that, under our current rules, the responsibility for payment of fees by service category is as follows: (a) Media Services: Regulatory fees must be paid for initial construction permits that were granted on or before October 1, 2006 for AM/FM radio stations, VHF/UHF television stations and satellite television stations. Regulatory fees must be paid for all broadcast facility licenses granted on or before October 1, 2006. In instances where a permit or license is transferred or assigned after October 1, 2006, responsibility for payment rests with the holder of the permit or license as of the fee due date. (b) Wireline (Common Carrier) Services: Regulatory fees must be paid for authorizations that were granted on or before October 1, 2006. In instances where a permit or license is transferred or assigned after October 1, 2006, responsibility for payment rests with the holder of the permit or license as of the fee due date. (c) Wireless Services: CMRS cellular, mobile, and messaging services (fees based upon a subscriber, unit or circuit count): Regulatory fees must be paid for authorizations that were granted on or before October 1, 2006. The number of subscribers, units or circuits on December 31, 2006 will be used as the basis from which to calculate the fee payment. The first eleven regulatory fee categories in our Schedule of Regulatory Fees (see Attachment D) pay what we refer to as “small multi-year wireless regulatory fees.” Entities pay these regulatory fees in advance for the entire amount of their 5-year or 10-year term of initial license, and only pay regulatory fees again for the license at the time its next renewal. So while we include these eleven categories in our Schedule of Regulatory Fees to publicize the fee amounts, we do not actually collect these fees on an annual basis. (d) Multichannel Video Programming Distributor Services (cable television operators and CARS licensees): Regulatory fees must be paid for the number of basic cable television subscribers as of December 31, 2006. 73 Regulatory fees also must be paid for CARS licenses that were granted on or before October 1, 2006. In instances where a CARS license is transferred or assigned after October 1, 2006, responsibility for payment rests with the holder of the license as of the fee due date. 73 Cable television system operators should compute their basic subscribers as follows: Number of single family dwellings + number of individual households in multiple dwelling unit (apartments, condominiums, mobile home parks, etc.) paying at the basic subscriber rate + bulk rate customers + courtesy and free service. Note: Bulk-Rate Customers = Total annual bulk-rate change divided by basic annual subscription rate for individual households. Operators may base their count on “a typical day in the last full week” of December 2006, rather than on a count as of December 31, 2006. (e) International Services: Regulatory fees must be paid for earth stations, geostationary orbit space stations and non-geostationary orbit satellite systems that were licensed and operational on or before October 1, 2006. In instances where a license is transferred or assigned after October 1, 2006, responsibility for payment rests with the holder of the license as of the fee due date. Regulatory fees must be paid for international bearer circuits, the payments of which are determined by the number of active circuits as of December 31, 2006. 74 74 Regulatory fees for International Bearer Circuits are to be paid by facilities-based common carriers that have active international bearer circuits in any transmission facility for the provision of service to an end user or resale carrier, which includes active circuits to themselves or to their affiliates. In addition, non-common carrier satellite operators must pay a fee for each circuit sold or leased to any customer, including themselves or their affiliates, other than an international common carrier authorized by the Commission to provide U.S. international common carrier services. Non-common carrier submarine cable operators are also to pay fees for any and all international bearer circuits sold on an indefeasible right of use (“IRU”) basis or leased to any customer, including themselves or their affiliates, other than an international common carrier authorized by the Commission to provide U.S. international common carrier services. See Assessment and Collection of Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2001, MD Docket No. 01-76, Report and Order, 16 FCC Rcd 13525, 13593 (2001); Regulatory Fees Fact Sheet: What You Owe—International and Satellite Services Licensees for FY 2004 at 3 (rel. July 2004) (the fact sheet is available on the FCC Web site at: http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-249904A4.pdf) . On February 6, 2006, VSNL Telecommunications (US) Inc. filed a Petition for Rulemaking urging the Commission to reform the current International Bearer Circuit Fee rules and policies as applied to non-common carrier submarine cable operators. See Petition for Rulemaking of VSNL Telecommunications (US) Inc., RM-11312 (filed Feb. 6, 2006). This Petition remains pending before the Commission, which has issued a Public Notice requesting comment on the petition. See Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau, Reference Information Center, Public Notice , Report No. 2759 (rel. Feb. 15, 2006). The Commission intends to resolve the complex issues presented by this Petition separately, and any comments on these issues filed in the instant proceeding will be incorporated into, and addressed, with those filed on the Petition for Rulemaking. B. Enforcement 48. As a reminder to all licensees, section 159(c) of the Act requires us to impose an additional charge as a penalty for late payment of any regulatory fee. As in years past, a late payment penalty of 25 percent of the amount of the required regulatory fee will be assessed on the first day following the deadline date for filing of these fees. Regulatory fee payment must be received and stamped at the lockbox bank by the last day of the regulatory fee filing window, and not merely postmarked by the last day of the window. Failure to pay regulatory fees and/or any late penalty will subject regulatees to sanctions, including the Commission's Red Light Rule ( see 47 CFR 1.1910) and the provisions set forth in the Debt Collection Improvement Act of 1996 (“DCIA”). We also assess administrative processing charges on delinquent debts to recover additional costs incurred in processing and handling the related debt pursuant to the DCIA and 47 CFR 1.1940(d) of the Commission's rules. These administrative processing charges will be assessed on any delinquent regulatory fee, in addition to the 25 percent late charge penalty. In case of partial payments (underpayments) of regulatory fees, the licensee will be given credit for the amount paid, but if it is later determined that the fee paid is incorrect or not timely paid, then the 25 percent late charge penalty (and other charges and/or sanctions, as appropriate) will be assessed on the portion that is not paid in a timely manner. 49. Furthermore, our regulatory fee rules provide that we will withhold action on any applications or other requests for benefits filed by anyone who is delinquent in any non-tax debts owed to the Commission (including regulatory fees) and will ultimately dismiss those applications or other requests if payment of the delinquent debt or other satisfactory arrangement for payment is not made. See 47 CFR 1.1161(c), 1.1164(f)(5), and 1.1910. Failure to pay regulatory fees can also result in the initiation of a proceeding to revoke any and all authorizations held by the entity responsible for paying the delinquent fee(s). C. Final Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 Analysis 50. This Report and Order contains modified information collection requirements subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA), Public Law 104-13. It will be submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review under Section 3507(d) of the PRA. OMB, the general public, and other Federal agencies are invited to comment on the new or modified information collection requirements contained in this proceeding. In addition, we note that pursuant to the Small Business Paperwork Relief Act of 2002, Public Law 107-198, see 44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(4), we previously sought specific comment on how the Commission might “further reduce the information collection burden for small business concerns with fewer than 25 employees.” D. Congressional Review Act Analysis 51. The Commission will send a copy of this Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking in a report to be sent to Congress and the General Accountability Office pursuant to the Congressional Review Act, see 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A). IV. Ordering Clauses 52. Accordingly, it is ordered pursuant to sections 4(i) and (j), 9, and 303(r) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, 47 U.S.C. 154(i), 154(j), 159, and 303(r) that the FY 2007 section 9 regulatory fee assessment requirements are adopted as specified herein. 53. It is further ordered that Part 1 of the Commission's Rules are amended as set forth in Attachment H, and the these Rules shall become effective 30 days after publication in the Federal Register , except that changes to the Schedule of Regulatory Fees made pursuant to section 9(b)(3) of the Communications Act, and incorporating regulatory fee payment obligations for interconnected VoIP service providers, shall become effective 90 days after notification to Congress. 54. It is further ordered that the Commission's Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau, Reference Information Center, shall send a copy of this Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, including the Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis, to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the U.S. Small Business Administration. Federal Communications Commission. Marlene H. Dortch, Secretary. Attachment A—Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis 55. As required by the Regulatory Flexibility Act (“RFA”), 75 the Commission prepared an Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis (“IRFA”) of the possible significant economic impact on small entities by the policies and rules proposed in its Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, In the Matter of Assessment and Collection of Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2007. 76 Written public comments were sought on the FY 2007 fees proposal, including comments on the IRFA. This present Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis (“FRFA”) conforms to the RFA. 77 75 5 U.S.C. 603. The RFA, 5 U.S.C. 601-612 has been amended by the Contract With America Advancement Act of 1996, Public Law 104-121, 110 Stat. 847 (1996) (“CWAAA”). Title II of the CWAAA is the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (“SBREFA”). 76 See Assessment and Collection of Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2007, Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 22 FCC Rcd 7975 (2007) (“ FY 2007 NPRM ”). 77 5 U.S.C. 604. I. Need for, and Objectives of, the Proposed Rules 56. This rulemaking proceeding is initiated to amend the Schedule of Regulatory Fees in the amount of $290,295,160, the amount that Congress has required the Commission to recover. The Commission seeks to collect the necessary amount through its revised Schedule of Regulatory Fees in the most efficient manner possible and without undue public burden. II. Summary of Significant Issues Raised by Public Comments in Response to the IRFA 57. None. III. Description and Estimate of the Number of Small Entities to Which the Proposed Rules Will Apply 58. The RFA directs agencies to provide a description of, and where feasible, an estimate of the number of small entities that may be affected by the proposed rules and policies, if adopted. 78 The RFA generally defines the term “small entity” as having the same meaning as the terms “small business,” “small organization,” and “small governmental jurisdiction.” 79 In addition, the term “small business” has the same meaning as the term “small business concern” under the Small Business Act. 80 A “small business concern” is one which: (1) Is independently owned and operated; (2) is not dominant in its field of operation; and (3) satisfies any additional criteria established by the SBA. 81 78 5 U.S.C. 603(b)(3). 79 5 U.S.C. 601(6). 80 5 U.S.C. 601(3) (incorporating by reference the definition of “ small-business concern” in the Small Business Act, 15 U.S.C. 632). Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 601(3), the statutory definition of a small business applies “unless an agency, after consultation with the Office of Advocacy of the Small Business Administration and after opportunity for public comment, establishes one or more definitions of such term which are appropriate to the activities of the agency and publishes such definition(s) in the Federal Register .” 81 15 U.S.C. 632. 59. Small Businesses. Nationwide, there are a total of 22.4 million small businesses, according to SBA data. 82 82 See SBA, Programs and Services, SBA Pamphlet No. CO-0028, at page 40 (July 2002). 60. Small Organizations. Nationwide, there are approximately 1.6 million small organizations. 83 83 Independent Sector, The New Nonprofit Almanac & Desk Reference (2002). 61. Small Governmental Jurisdictions. The term “small governmental jurisdiction” is defined generally as “governments of cities, towns, townships, villages, school districts, or special districts, with a population of less than fifty thousand.” 84 Census Bureau data for 2002 indicate that there were 87,525 local governmental jurisdictions in the United States. 85 We estimate that, of this total, 84,377 entities were “small governmental jurisdictions.” 86 Thus, we estimate that most governmental jurisdictions are small. 84 5 U.S.C. 601(5). 85 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006, Section 8, page 272, Table 415. 86 We assume that the villages, school districts, and special districts are small, and total 48,558. See U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006, section 8, page 273, Table 417. For 2002, Census Bureau data indicate that the total number of county, municipal, and township governments nationwide was 38,967, of which 35,819 were small. Id. 62. We have included small incumbent local exchange carriers in this present RFA analysis. As noted above, a “small business” under the RFA is one that, inter alia, meets the pertinent small business size standard ( e.g. , a telephone communications business having 1,500 or fewer employees), and “is not dominant in its field of operation.” 87 The SBA's Office of Advocacy contends that, for RFA purposes, small incumbent local exchange carriers are not dominant in their field of operation because any such dominance is not “national” in scope. 88 We have therefore included small incumbent local exchange carriers in this RFA analysis, although we emphasize that this RFA action has no effect on Commission analyses and determinations in other, non-RFA contexts. 87 15 U.S. C. 632. 88 Letter from Jere W. Glover, Chief Counsel for Advocacy, SBA, to William E. Kennard, Chairman, FCC (May 27, 1999). The Small Business Act contains a definition of “small-business concern,” which the RFA incorporates into its own definition of “small business.” See 15 U.S.C. 632(a) (Small Business Act); 5 U.S.C. 601(3) (RFA). SBA regulations interpret “small business concern” to include the concept of dominance on a national basis. See 13 CFR 121.102(b). 63. Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers (“ILECs”). Neither the Commission nor the SBA has developed a small business size standard specifically for incumbent local exchange services. The appropriate size standard under SBA rules is for the category Wired Telecommunications Carriers. Under that size standard, such a business is small if it has 1,500 or fewer employees. 89 According to Commission data, 90 1,303 carriers have reported that they are engaged in the provision of incumbent local exchange services. Of these 1,303 carriers, an estimated 1,020 have 1,500 or fewer employees and 283 have more than 1,500 employees. Consequently, the Commission estimates that most providers of incumbent local exchange service are small businesses that may be affected by these rules. 89 13 CFR 121.201, North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code 517110. 90 FCC, Wireline Competition Bureau, Industry Analysis and Technology Division, “ Trends in Telephone Service ” at Table 5.3, Page 5-5 (June 2005) (hereinafter “ Trends in Telephone Service ”). This source uses data that are current as of October 1, 2004. 64. Competitive Local Exchange Carriers (“CLECs”), Competitive Access Providers (“CAPs”), “Shared-Tenant Service Providers,” and “Other Local Service Providers.” Neither the Commission nor the SBA has developed a small business size standard specifically for these service providers. The appropriate size standard under SBA rules is for the category Wired Telecommunications Carriers. Under that size standard, such a business is small if it has 1,500 or fewer employees. 91 According to Commission data, 92 769 carriers have reported that they are engaged in the provision of either competitive access provider services or competitive local exchange carrier services. Of these 769 carriers, an estimated 676 have 1,500 or fewer employees and 94 have more than 1,500 employees. In addition, 12 carriers have reported that they are “Shared-Tenant Service Providers,” and all 12 are estimated to have 1,500 or fewer employees. In addition, 39 carriers have reported that they are “Other Local Service Providers.” Of the 39, an estimated 38 have 1,500 or fewer employees and one has more than 1,500 employees. Consequently, the Commission estimates that most providers of competitive local exchange service, competitive access providers, “Shared-Tenant Service Providers,” and “Other Local Service Providers” are small entities that may be affected by these rules. 91 13 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 517110. 92 “ Trends in Telephone Service ” at Table 5.3. 65. Local Resellers. The SBA has developed a small business size standard for the category of Telecommunications Resellers. Under that size standard, such a business is small if it has 1,500 or fewer employees. 93 According to Commission data, 94 143 carriers have reported that they are engaged in the provision of local resale services. Of these, an estimated 141 have 1,500 or fewer employees and two have more than 1,500 employees. Consequently, the Commission estimates that the majority of local resellers are small entities that may be affected by these rules. 93 13 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 517310. 94 “ Trends in Telephone Service ” at Table 5.3. 66. Toll Resellers. The SBA has developed a small business size standard for the category of Telecommunications Resellers. Under that size standard, such a business is small if it has 1,500 or fewer employees. 95 According to Commission data, 96 770 carriers have reported that they are engaged in the provision of toll resale services. Of these, an estimated 747 have 1,500 or fewer employees and 23 have more than 1,500 employees. Consequently, the Commission estimates that the majority of toll resellers are small entities that may be affected by these rules. 95 13 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 517310. 96 “ Trends in Telepone Service ” at Table 5.3. 67. Payphone Service Providers (“PSPs”). Neither the Commission nor the SBA has developed a small business size standard specifically for payphone services providers. The appropriate size standard under SBA rules is for the category Wired Telecommunications Carriers. Under that size standard, such a business is small if it has 1,500 or fewer employees. 97 According to Commission data, 98 654 carriers have reported that they are engaged in the provision of payphone services. Of these, an estimated 652 have 1,500 or fewer employees and two have more than 1,500 employees. Consequently, the Commission estimates that the majority of payphone service providers are small entities that may be affected by these rules. 97 3 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 517110. 98 “ Trends in Telephone Service ” at Table 5.3. 68. Interexchange Carriers (“IXCs”). Neither the Commission nor the SBA has developed a small business size standard specifically for providers of interexchange services. The appropriate size standard under SBA rules is for the category Wired Telecommunications Carriers. Under that size standard, such a business is small if it has 1,500 or fewer employees. 99 According to Commission data, 100 316 carriers have reported that they are engaged in the provision of interexchange service. Of these, an estimated 292 have 1,500 or fewer employees and 24 have more than 1,500 employees. Consequently, the Commission estimates that the majority of IXCs are small entities that may be affected by these rules. 99 13 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 517110. 100 “ Trends in Telephone Service ” at Table 5.3. 69. Operator Service Providers (“OSPs”). Neither the Commission nor the SBA has developed a small business size standard specifically for operator service providers. The appropriate size standard under SBA rules is for the category Wired Telecommunications Carriers. Under that size standard, such a business is small if it has 1,500 or fewer employees. 101 According to Commission data, 102 23 carriers have reported that they are engaged in the provision of operator services. Of these, an estimated 20 have 1,500 or fewer employees and three have more than 1,500 employees. Consequently, the Commission estimates that the majority of OSPs are small entities that may be affected by these rules. 101 13 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 517110. 102 “ Trends in Telephone Service ” at Table 5.3. 70. Prepaid Calling Card Providers. Neither the Commission nor the SBA has developed a small business size standard specifically for prepaid calling card providers. The appropriate size standard under SBA rules is for the category Telecommunications Resellers. Under that size standard, such a business is small if it has 1,500 or fewer employees. 103 According to Commission data, 104 89 carriers have reported that they are engaged in the provision of prepaid calling cards. Of these, an estimated 88 have 1,500 or fewer employees and one has more than 1,500 employees. Consequently, the Commission estimates that the majority of prepaid calling card providers are small entities that may be affected by these rules. 103 13 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 517310. 104 “ Trends in Telephone Service ” at Table 5.3. 71. 800 and 800-Like Service Subscribers. 105 Neither the Commission nor the SBA has developed a small business size standard specifically for 800 and 800-like service (“toll free”) subscribers. The appropriate size standard under SBA rules is for the category Telecommunications Resellers. Under that size standard, such a business is small if it has 1,500 or fewer employees. 106 The most reliable source of information regarding the number of these service subscribers appears to be data the Commission receives from Database Service Management on the 800, 866, 877, and 888 numbers in use. 107 According to our data, at the end of December 2004, the number of 800 numbers assigned was 7,540,453; the number of 888 numbers assigned was 5,947,789; the number of 877 numbers assigned was 4,805,568; and the number of 866 numbers assigned was 5,011,291. We do not have data specifying the number of these subscribers that are independently owned and operated or have 1,500 or fewer employees, and thus are unable at this time to estimate with greater precision the number of toll free subscribers that would qualify as small businesses under the SBA size standard. Consequently, we estimate that there are 7,540,453 or fewer small entity 800 subscribers; 5,947,789 or fewer small entity 888 subscribers; 4,805,568 or fewer small entity 877 subscribers, and 5,011,291 or fewer entity 866 subscribers. 105 We include all toll-free number subscribers in this category, including those for 888 numbers. 106 13 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 517310. 107 “ Trends in Telephone Service ” at Tables 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, and 18.7. 72. International Service Providers. There is no small business size standard developed specifically for providers of international service. The appropriate size standards under SBA rules are for the two broad census categories of “Satellite Telecommunications” and “Other Telecommunications.” Under both categories, such a business is small if it has $13.5 million or less in average annual receipts. 108 108 13 CFR 121.201 , NAICS codes 517410 and 517910. 73. The first category of Satellite Telecommunications “comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing point-to-point telecommunications services to other establishments in the telecommunications and broadcasting industries by forwarding and receiving communications signals via a system of satellites or reselling satellite telecommunications.” 109 For this category, Census Bureau data for 2002 show that there were a total of 371 firms that operated for the entire year. 110 Of this total, 307 firms had annual receipts of under $10 million, and 26 firms had receipts of $10 million to $24,999,999. 111 Consequently, we estimate that the majority of Satellite Telecommunications firms are small entities that might be affected by our action. 109 U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 NAICS Definitions, “517410 Satellite Telecommunications”; http://www.census.gov/epcd/naics02/def/NDEF517.HTM. 110 U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Subject Series: Information, “Establishment and Firm Size (Including Legal Form of Organization),” Table 4, NAICS code 517410 (issued Nov. 2005). 111 Id. An additional 38 firms had annual receipts of $25 million or more. 74. The second category of Other Telecommunications “comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) providing specialized telecommunications applications, such as satellite tracking, communications telemetry, and radar station operations; or (2) providing satellite terminal stations and associated facilities operationally connected with one or more terrestrial communications systems and capable of transmitting telecommunications to or receiving telecommunications from satellite systems.” 112 For this category, Census Bureau data for 2002 show that there were a total of 332 firms that operated for the entire year. 113 Of this total, 259 firms had annual receipts of under $10 million and 15 firms had annual receipts of $10 million to $24,999,999. 114 Consequently, we estimate that the majority of Other Telecommunications firms are small entities that might be affected by our action. 112 U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 NAICS Definitions, “517910 Other Telecommunications”; http://www.census.gov/epcd/naics02/def/NDEF517.HTM. 113 U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Subject Series: Information, “Establishment and Firm Size (Including Legal Form of Organization),” Table 4, NAICS code 517910 (issued Nov. 2005). 114 Id. An additional 14 firms had annual receipts of $25 million or more. 75. Wireless Service Providers. The SBA has developed a small business size standard for wireless firms within the two broad economic census categories of “Paging” 115 and “Cellular and Other Wireless Telecommunications.” 116 Under both categories, the SBA deems a wireless business to be small if it has 1,500 or fewer employees. For the census category of Paging, Census Bureau data for 2002 show that there were 807 firms in this category that operated for the entire year. 117 Of this total, 804 firms had employment of 999 or fewer employees, and three firms had employment of 1,000 employees or more. 118 Thus, under this category and associated small business size standard, the majority of firms can be considered small. For the census category of Cellular and Other Wireless Telecommunications, Census Bureau data for 2002 show that there were 1,397 firms in this category that operated for the entire year. 119 Of this total, 1,378 firms had employment of 999 or fewer employees, and 19 firms had employment of 1,000 employees or more. 120 Thus, under this second category and size standard, the majority of firms can, again, be considered small. 115 13 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 517211. 116 13 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 517212. 117 U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Subject Series: Information, “Establishment and Firm Size (Including Legal Form of Organization),” Table 5, NAICS code 517211 (issued Nov. 2005). 118 Id. The census data do not provide a more precise estimate of the number of firms that have employment of 1,500 or fewer employees; the largest category provided is for firms with “1000 employees or more.” . 119 U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Subject Series: Information, “Establishment and Firm Size (Including Legal Form of Organization),” Table 5, NAICS code 517212 (issued Nov. 2005). 120 Id. The census data do not provide a more precise estimate of the number of firms that have employment of 1,500 or fewer employees; the largest category provided is for firms with “1000 employees or more.” 76. Internet Service Providers. The SBA has developed a small business size standard for Internet Service Providers. This category comprises establishments “primarily engaged in providing direct access through telecommunications networks to computer-held information compiled or published by others.” 121 Under the SBA size standard, such a business is small if it has average annual receipts of $21 million or less. 122 According to Census Bureau data for 1997, there were 2,751 firms in this category that operated for the entire year. 123 Of these, 2,659 firms had annual receipts of under $10 million, and an additional 67 firms had receipts of between $10 million and $24,999,999. 124 Thus, under this size standard, the great majority of firms can be considered small entities. 121 Office of Management and Budget, North American Industry Classification System, page 515 (1997). NAICS code 518111, “On-Line Information Services.” . 122 13 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 518111. 123 U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census, Subject Series: “ Information,” Table 4, Receipts Size of Firms Subject to Federal Income Tax: 1997, NAICS code 514191 (issued Oct. 2000). . 124 Id. 77. Cellular Licensees. The SBA has developed a small business size standard for wireless firms within the two broad economic census categories of “Paging” 125 and “Cellular and Other Wireless Telecommunications.” 126 Under both categories, the SBA deems a wireless business to be small if it has 1,500 or fewer employees. For the census category of Paging, Census Bureau data for 2002 show that there were 807 firms in this category that operated for the entire year. 127 Of this total, 804 firms had employment of 999 or fewer employees, and three firms had employment of 1,000 employees or more. 128 Thus, under this category and associated small business size standard, the majority of firms can be considered small. For the census category of Cellular and Other Wireless Telecommunications, Census Bureau data for 2002 show that there were 1,397 firms in this category that operated for the entire year. 129 Of this total, 1,378 firms had employment of 999 or fewer employees, and 19 firms had employment of 1,000 employees or more. 130 Thus, under this second category and size standard, the majority of firms can, again, be considered small. 125 13 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 517211. 126 13 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 517212. 127 U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Subject Series: Information, “Establishment and Firm Size (Including Legal Form of Organization,” Table 5, NAICS code 517211 (issued Nov. 2005). 128 Id. The census data do not provide a more precise estimate of the number of firms that have employment of 1,500 or fewer employees; the largest category provided is for firms with “1000 employees or more.” 129 U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Subject Series: Information, “Establishment and Firm Size (Including Legal Form of Organization,” Table 5, NAICS code 517212 (issued Nov. 2005). 130 Id. The census data do not provide a more precise estimate of the number of firms that have employment of 1,500 or fewer employees; the largest category provided is for firms with “1000 employees or more.” 78. Common Carrier Paging. As noted, the SBA has developed a small business size standard for wireless firms within the broad economic census categories of “Cellular and Other Wireless Telecommunications.” 131 Under this SBA category, a wireless business is small if it has 1,500 or fewer employees. For the census category of Paging, U.S. Census Bureau data for 1997 show that there were 1,320 firms in this category, total, that operated for the entire year. 132 Of this total, 1,303 firms had employment of 999 or fewer employees, and an additional 17 firms had employment of 1,000 employees or more. 133 Thus, under this category and associated small business size standard, the great majority of firms can be considered small. 131 13 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 517212. 132 U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census, Subject Series: “ Information,” Table 5, Employment Size of Firms Subject to Federal Income Tax: 1997, NAICS code 513321 (issued Oct. 2000). 133 U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census, Subject Series: “ Information,” Table 5, Employment Size of Firms Subject to Federal Income Tax: 1997, NAICS code 513321 (issued Oct. 2000). The census data do not provide a more precise estimate of the number of firms that have employment of 1,500 or fewer employees; the largest category provided is “Firms with 1000 employees or more.” 79. In addition, in the Paging Second Report and Order, the Commission adopted a size standard for “small businesses” for purposes of determining their eligibility for special provisions such as bidding credits and installment payments. 134 A small business is an entity that, together with its affiliates and controlling principals, has average gross revenues not exceeding $15 million for the preceding three years. 135 The SBA has approved this definition. 136 An auction of Metropolitan Economic Area (MEA) licenses commenced on February 24, 2000, and closed on March 2, 2000. Of the 2,499 licenses auctioned, 985 were sold. 137 Fifty-seven companies claiming small business status won 440 licenses. 138 An auction of MEA and Economic Area (EA) licenses commenced on October 30, 2001, and closed on December 5, 2001. Of the 15,514 licenses auctioned, 5,323 were sold. 139 One hundred thirty-two companies claiming small business status purchased 3,724 licenses. A third auction, consisting of 8,874 licenses in each of 175 EAs and 1,328 licenses in all but three of the 51 MEAs commenced on May 13, 2003, and closed on May 28, 2003. Seventy-seven bidders claiming small or very small business status won 2,093 licenses. 140 Currently, there are approximately 74,000 Common Carrier Paging licenses. According to the most recent Trends in Telephone Service, 408 private and common carriers reported that they were engaged in the provision of either paging or “other mobile” services. 141 Of these, we estimate that 589 are small, under the SBA-approved small business size standard. 142 We estimate that the majority of common carrier paging providers would qualify as small entities under the SBA definition. 134 Revision of Part 22 and Part 90 of the Commission's Rules to Facilitate Future Development of Paging Systems, Second Report and Order, 12 FCC Rcd 2732, 2811-2812, paras. 178-181 (“ Paging Second Report and Order ”); see also Revision of Part 22 and Part 90 of the Commission's Rules to Facilitate Future Development of Paging Systems, Memorandum Opinion and Order on Reconsideration, 14 FCC Rcd 10030, 10085-10088, paras. 98-107 (1999). 135 Paging Second Report and Order, 12 FCC Rcd at 2811, para. 179. 136 See Letter to Amy Zoslov, Chief, Auctions and Industry Analysis Division, Wireless Telecommunications Bureau, from Aida Alvarez, Administrator, Small Business Administration, dated Dec. 2, 1998. 137 See “929 and 931 MHz Paging Auction Closes,” Public Notice, 15 FCC Rcd 4858 (WTB 2000). 138 Id. 139 See “Lower and Upper Paging Band Auction Closes,” Public Notice, 16 FCC Rcd 21821 (WTB 2002). 140 See “Lower and Upper Paging Bands Auction Closes,” Public Notice, 18 FCC Rcd 11154 (WTB 2003). 141 “ Trends in Telephone Service ” at Table 5.3. 142 13 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 517211. 80. Wireless Communications Services. This service can be used for fixed, mobile, radiolocation, and digital audio broadcasting satellite uses. The Commission defined “small business” for the wireless communications services (“WCS”) auction as an entity with average gross revenues of $40 million for each of the three preceding years, and a “very small business” as an entity with average gross revenues of $15 million for each of the three preceding years. 143 The SBA has approved these definitions. 144 The Commission auctioned geographic area licenses in the WCS service. In the auction, which commenced on April 15, 1997 and closed on April 25, 1997, there were seven bidders that won 31 licenses that qualified as very small business entities, and one bidder that won one license that qualified as a small business entity. An auction for one license in the 1670-1674 MHz band commenced on April 30, 2003 and closed the same day. One license was awarded. The winning bidder was not a small entity. 143 Amendment of the Commission's Rules to Establish Part 27, the Wireless Communications Service (WCS), Report and Order, 12 FCC Rcd 10785, 10879, para. 194 (1997). 144 See Letter to Amy Zoslov, Chief, Auctions and Industry Analysis Division, Wireless Telecommunications Bureau, FCC, from Aida Alvarez, Administrator, SBA (Dec. 2, 1998). 81. Wireless Telephony. Wireless telephony includes cellular, personal communications services, and specialized mobile radio telephony carriers. The SBA has developed a small business size standard for “Cellular and Other Wireless Telecommunications” services. 145 Under the SBA small business size standard, a business is small if it has 1,500 or fewer employees. 146 According to Trends in Telephone Service data, 437 carriers reported that they were engaged in wireless telephony. 147 We have estimated that 260 of these are small under the SBA small business size standard. 145 13 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 517212. 146 Id. 147 “ Trends in Telephone Service ” at Table 5.3. 82. Broadband Personal Communications Service. The broadband personal communications services (“PCS”) spectrum is divided into six frequency blocks designated A through F, and the Commission has held auctions for each block. The Commission has created a small business size standard for Blocks C and F as an entity that has average gross revenues of less than $40 million in the three previous calendar years. 148 For Block F, an additional small business size standard for “very small business” was added and is defined as an entity that, together with its affiliates, has average gross revenues of not more than $15 million for the preceding three calendar years. 149 These small business size standards, in the context of broadband PCS auctions, have been approved by the SBA. 150 No small businesses within the SBA-approved small business size standards bid successfully for licenses in Blocks A and B. There were 90 winning bidders that qualified as small entities in the Block C auctions. A total of 93 “small” and “very small” business bidders won approximately 40 percent of the 1,479 licenses for Blocks D, E, and F. 151 On March 23, 1999, the Commission reauctioned 155 C, D, E, and F Block licenses; there were 113 small business winning bidders. 152 148 See Amendment of Parts 20 and 24 of the Commission's Rules—Broadband PCS Competitive Bidding and the Commercial Mobile Radio Service Spectrum Cap , Report and Order, 11 FCC Rcd 7824, 7850-7852, paras. 57-60 (1996); see also 47 CFR 24.720(b). 149 See Amendment of Parts 20 and 24 of the Commission's Rules—Broadband PCS Competitive Bidding and the Commercial Mobile Radio Service Spectrum Cap , Report and Order, 11 FCC Rcd 7824, 7852, para. 60. 150 See Letter to Amy Zoslov, Chief, Auctions and Industry Analysis Division, Wireless Telecommunications Bureau, FCC, from Aida Alvarez, Administrator, SBA (Dec. 2, 1998). 151 FCC News, “Broadband PCS, D, E and F Block Auction Closes,” No. 71744 (rel. Jan. 14, 1997). 152 See “C, D, E, and F Block Broadband PCS Auction Closes,” Public Notice, 14 FCC Rcd 6688 (WTB 1999). 83. On January 26, 2001, the Commission completed the auction of 422 C and F Broadband PCS licenses in Auction No. 35. Of the 35 winning bidders in this auction, 29 qualified as “small” or “very small” businesses. 153 Subsequent events, concerning Auction 35, including judicial and agency determinations, resulted in a total of 163 C and F Block licenses being available for grant. On February 15, 2005, the Commission completed an auction of 188 C block licenses and 21 F block licenses in Auction No. 58. There were 24 winning bidders for 217 licenses. 154 Of the 24 winning bidders, 16 claimed small business status and won 156 licenses. On May 21, 2007, the Commission completed an auction of 38 Broadband PCS licenses in Auction No. 71, of which 26 were C block licenses and 6 were F block licenses. There were 12 winning bidders for the 33 C and F block licenses. Of the 12 winning bidders, four claimed small business status and won 16 licenses. 153 See “C and F Block Broadband PCS Auction Closes; Winning Bidders Announced,” Public Notice , 16 FCC Rcd 2339 (2001). 154 See “Broadband PCS Spectrum Auction Closes; Winning Bidders Announced for Auction No. 58,” Public Notice , 20 FCC Rcd 3703 (2005). 84. Narrowband Personal Communications Services. The Commission held an auction for Narrowband PCS licenses that commenced on July 25, 1994, and closed on July 29, 1994. A second auction commenced on October 26, 1994 and closed on November 8, 1994. For purposes of the first two Narrowband PCS auctions, “small businesses” were entities with average gross revenues for the prior three calendar years of $40 million or less. 155 Through these auctions, the Commission awarded a total of 41 licenses, 11 of which were obtained by four small businesses. 156 To ensure meaningful participation by small business entities in future auctions, the Commission adopted a two-tiered small business size standard in the Narrowband PCS Second Report and Order. 157 A “small business” is an entity that, together with affiliates and controlling interests, has average gross revenues for the three preceding years of not more than $40 million. 158 A “very small business” is an entity that, together with affiliates and controlling interests, has average gross revenues for the three preceding years of not more than $15 million. 159 The SBA has approved these small business size standards. 160 A third auction commenced on October 3, 2001 and closed on October 16, 2001. Here, five bidders won 317 (Metropolitan Trading Areas and nationwide) licenses. 161 Three of these claimed status as a small or very small entity and won 311 licenses. 155 Implementation of Section 309(j) of the Communications Act—Competitive Bidding Narrowband PCS , Third Memorandum Opinion and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 10 FCC Rcd 175, 196, para. 46 (1994). 156 See “Announcing the High Bidders in the Auction of Ten Nationwide Narrowband PCS Licenses, Winning Bids Total $617,006,674,” Public Notice , PNWL 94-004 (rel. Aug. 2, 1994); “Announcing the High Bidders in the Auction of 30 Regional Narrowband PCS Licenses; Winning Bids Total $490,901,787,” Public Notice , PNWL 94-27 (rel. Nov. 9, 1994). 157 Amendment of the Commission's Rules to Establish New Personal Communications Services, Narrowband PCS , Second Report and Order and Second Further Notice of Proposed Rule Making, 15 FCC Rcd 10456, 10476, para. 40 (2000). 158 Id. 159 Id. 160 See Letter to Amy Zoslov, Chief, Auctions and Industry Analysis Division, Wireless Telecommunications Bureau, Federal Communications Commission, from Aida Alvarez, Administrator, Small Business Administration, dated Dec. 2, 1998. 161 See “Narrowband PCS Auction Closes,” Public Notice , 16 FCC Rcd 18663 (WTB 2001). 85. Lower 700 MHz Band Licenses. We adopted criteria for defining three groups of small businesses for purposes of determining their eligibility for special provisions such as bidding credits. 162 We have defined a “small business” as an entity that, together with its affiliates and controlling principals, has average gross revenues not exceeding $40 million for the preceding three years. 163 A “very small business” is defined as an entity that, together with its affiliates and controlling principals, has average gross revenues that are not more than $15 million for the preceding three years. 164 Additionally, the lower 700 MHz Service has a third category of small business status that may be claimed for Metropolitan/Rural Service Area (MSA/RSA) licenses. The third category is “entrepreneur,” which is defined as an entity that, together with its affiliates and controlling principals, has average gross revenues that are not more than $3 million for the preceding three years. 165 The SBA has approved these small size standards. 166 An auction of 740 licenses (one license in each of the 734 MSAs/RSAs and one license in each of the six Economic Area Groupings (“EAGs”)) commenced on August 27, 2002, and closed on September 18, 2002. Of the 740 licenses available for auction, 484 licenses were sold to 102 winning bidders. Seventy-two of the winning bidders claimed small business, very small business or entrepreneur status and won a total of 329 licenses. 167 A second auction commenced on May 28, 2003, and closed on June 13, 2003, and included 256 licenses: 5 EAG licenses and 476 Cellular Market Area licenses. 168 Seventeen winning bidders claimed small or very small business status and won 60 licenses, and nine winning bidders claimed entrepreneur status and won 154 licenses. 169 On July 26, 2005, the Commission completed an auction of 5 licenses in the Lower 700 MHz band (Auction No. 60). There were three winning bidders for five licenses. All three winning bidders claimed small business status. 162 See Reallocation and Service Rules for the 698-746 MHz Spectrum Band (Television Channels 52-59) , Report and Order, 17 FCC Rcd 1022 (2002). 163 See Reallocation and Service Rules for the 698-746 MHz Spectrum Band (Television Channels 52-59) , Report and Order, 17 FCC Rcd 1022, 1087-88, para. 172 (2002). 164 Id. 165 See id. at 1088, para. 173. 166 See Letter to Thomas Sugrue, Chief, Wireless Telecommunications Bureau, Federal Communications Commission, from Aida Alvarez, Administrator, Small Business Administration, dated Aug. 10, 1999. 167 See “Lower 700 MHz Band Auction Closes,” Public Notice, 17 FCC Rcd 17272 (WTB 2002). 168 See “Lower 700 MHz Band Auction Closes,” Public Notice, 18 FCC Rcd 11873 (WTB 2003). 169 See id. 86. Upper 700 MHz Band Licenses. The Commission released a Report and Order, authorizing service in the upper 700 MHz band. 170 This auction, previously scheduled for January 13, 2003, has been postponed. 171 170 See Service Rules for the 746-764 and 776-794 MHz Bands, and Revisions to Part 27 of the Commission's Rules , Second Memorandum Opinion and Order, 16 FCC Rcd 1239 (2001). 171 See “Auction of Licenses for 747-762 and 777-792 MHz Bands (Auction No. 31) Is Rescheduled,” Public Notice , 16 FCC Rcd 13079 (WTB 2003). 87. 700 MHz Guard Band Licenses. In the 700 MHz Guard Band Order, we adopted size standards for “small businesses” and “very small businesses” for purposes of determining their eligibility for special provisions such as bidding credits and installment payments. 172 A small business in this service is an entity that, together with its affiliates and controlling principals, has average gross revenues not exceeding $40 million for the preceding three years. 173 Additionally, a very small business is an entity that, together with its affiliates and controlling principals, has average gross revenues that are not more than $15 million for the preceding three years. 174 SBA approval of these definitions is not required. 175 An auction of 52 Major Economic Area (MEA) licenses commenced on September 6, 2000, and closed on September 21, 2000. 176 Of the 104 licenses auctioned, 96 licenses were sold to nine bidders. Five of these bidders were small businesses that won a total of 26 licenses. A second auction of 700 MHz Guard Band licenses commenced on February 13, 2001, and closed on February 21, 2001. All eight of the licenses auctioned were sold to three bidders. One of these bidders was a small business that won a total of two licenses. 177 172 See Service Rules for the 746-764 MHz Bands, and Revisions to Part 27 of the Commission's Rules , Second Report and Order, 15 FCC Rcd 5299 (2000). 173 See Service Rules for the 746-764 MHz Bands, and Revisions to Part 27 of the Commission's Rules , Second Report and Order, 15 FCC Rcd 5299, 5343, para. 108 (2000). 174 See id. 175 See id. at 5343, n.246 (for the 746-764 MHz and 776-794 MHz bands, the Commission is exempt from 15 U.S.C. 632, which requires Federal agencies to obtain SBA approval before adopting small business size standards). 176 See “700 MHz Guard Bands Auction Closes: Winning Bidders Announced,” Public Notice, 15 FCC Rcd 18026 (2000). 177 See “700 MHz Guard Bands Auction Closes: Winning Bidders Announced,” Public Notice , 16 FCC Rcd 4590 (WTB 2001). 88. Specialized Mobile Radio. The Commission awards “small entity” bidding credits in auctions for Specialized Mobile Radio (“SMR”) geographic area licenses in the 800 MHz and 900 MHz bands to firms that had revenues of no more than $15 million in each of the three previous calendar years. 178 The Commission awards “very small entity” bidding credits to firms that had revenues of no more than $3 million in each of the three previous calendar years. 179 The SBA has approved these small business size standards for the 900 MHz Service. 180 The Commission has held auctions for geographic area licenses in the 800 MHz and 900 MHz bands. The 900 MHz SMR auction began on December 5, 1995, and closed on April 15, 1996. Sixty bidders claiming that they qualified as small businesses under the $15 million size standard won 263 geographic area licenses in the 900 MHz SMR band. The 800 MHz SMR auction for the upper 200 channels began on October 28, 1997, and was completed on December 8, 1997. Ten bidders claiming that they qualified as small businesses under the $15 million size standard won 38 geographic area licenses for the upper 200 channels in the 800 MHz SMR band. 181 A second auction for the 800 MHz band was held on January 10, 2002 and closed on January 17, 2002 and included 23 BEA licenses. One bidder claiming small business status won five licenses. 182 178 47 CFR 90.814(b)(1). 179 47 CFR 90.814(b)(1). 180 See Letter to Thomas Sugrue, Chief, Wireless Telecommunications Bureau, Federal Communications Commission, from Aida Alvarez, Administrator, Small Business Administration, dated Aug. 10, 1999. We note that, although a request was also sent to the SBA requesting approval for the small business size standard for 800 MHz, approval is still pending. 181 See “Correction to Public Notice DA 96-586 `FCC Announces Winning Bidders in the Auction of 1020 Licenses to Provide 900 MHz SMR in Major Trading Areas,’ ” Public Notice , 18 FCC Rcd 18367 (WTB 1996). 182 See “Multi-Radio Service Auction Closes,” Public Notice , 17 FCC Rcd 1446 (WTB 2002). 89. The auction of the 1,053 800 MHz SMR geographic area licenses for the General Category channels began on August 16, 2000, and was completed on September 1, 2000. Eleven bidders won 108 geographic area licenses for the General Category channels in the 800 MHz SMR band qualified as small businesses under the $15 million size standard. 183 In an auction completed on December 5, 2000, a total of 2,800 Economic Area licenses in the lower 80 channels of the 800 MHz SMR service were sold. 184 Of the 22 winning bidders, 19 claimed small business status and won 129 licenses. Thus, combining all three auctions, 40 winning bidders for geographic licenses in the 800 MHz SMR band claimed status as small business. 183 See “800 MHz Specialized Mobile Radio (SMR) Service General Category (851-854 MHz) and Upper Band (861-865 MHz) Auction Closes; Winning Bidders Announced,” Public Notice , 15 FCC Rcd 17162 (2000). 184 See “800 MHz SMR Service Lower 80 Channels Auction Closes; Winning Bidders Announced,” Public Notice , 16 FCC Rcd 1736 (2000). 90. In addition, there are numerous incumbent site-by-site SMR licensees and licensees with extended implementation authorizations in the 800 and 900 MHz bands. We do not know how many firms provide 800 MHz or 900 MHz geographic area SMR pursuant to extended implementation authorizations, nor how many of these providers have annual revenues of no more than $15 million. One firm has over $15 million in revenues. We assume, for purposes of this analysis, that all of the remaining existing extended implementation authorizations are held by small entities, as that small business size standard is approved by the SBA. 91. 220 MHz Radio Service—Phase I Licensees. The 220 MHz service has both Phase I and Phase II licenses. Phase I licensing was conducted by lotteries in 1992 and 1993. There are approximately 1,515 such non-nationwide licensees and four nationwide licensees currently authorized to operate in the 220 MHz band. The Commission has not developed a definition of small entities specifically applicable to such incumbent 220 MHz Phase I licensees. To estimate the number of such licensees that are small businesses, we apply the small business size standard under the SBA rules applicable to “Cellular and Other Wireless Telecommunications” companies. This category provides that a small business is a wireless company employing no more than 1,500 persons. 185 The Commission estimates that most such licensees are small businesses under the SBA's small business standard. 185 13 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 517212. 92. 220 MHz Radio Service—Phase II Licensees. The 220 MHz service has both Phase I and Phase II licenses. The Phase II 220 MHz service is a new service, and is subject to spectrum auctions. In the 220 MHz Third Report and Order, we adopted a small business size standard for defining “small” and “very small” businesses for purposes of determining their eligibility for special provisions such as bidding credits and installment payments. 186 This small business standard indicates that a “small business” is an entity that, together with its affiliates and controlling principals, has average gross revenues not exceeding $15 million for the preceding three years. 187 A “very small business” is defined as an entity that, together with its affiliates and controlling principals, has average gross revenues that do not exceed $3 million for the preceding three years. 188 The SBA has approved these small size standards. 189 Auctions of Phase II licenses commenced on September 15, 1998, and closed on October 22, 1998. 190 In the first auction, 908 licenses were auctioned in three different-sized geographic areas: three nationwide licenses, 30 Regional Economic Area Group (“EAG”) Licenses, and 875 Economic Area (“EA”) Licenses. Of the 908 licenses auctioned, 693 were sold. 191 Thirty-nine small businesses won 373 licenses in the first 220 MHz auction. A second auction included 225 licenses: 216 EA licenses and 9 EAG licenses. Fourteen companies claiming small business status won 158 licenses. 192 A third auction included four licenses: 2 BEA licenses and 2 EAG licenses in the 220 MHz service. No small or very small business won any of these licenses. 193 186 Amendment of Part 90 of the Commission's Rules to Provide For the Use of the 220-222 MHz Band by the Private Land Mobile Radio Service , Third Report and Order, 12 FCC Rcd 10943, 11068-70, paras. 291-295 (1997). 187 Id. at 11068, para. 291. 188 Id. 189 See Letter to Daniel Phythyon, Chief, Wireless Telecommunications Bureau, FCC, from Aida Alvarez, Administrator, SBA, (Jan. 6, 1998). 190 See generally “220 MHz Service Auction Closes,” Public Notice , 14 FCC Rcd 605 (1998). 191 See “FCC Announces It is Prepared to Grant 654 Phase II 220 MHz Licenses After Final Payment is Made,” Public Notice , 14 FCC Rcd 1085 (1999). 192 See “Phase II 220 MHz Service Spectrum Auction Closes,” Public Notice , 14 FCC Rcd 11218 (1999). 193 See “Multi-Radio Service Auction Closes,” Public Notice , 17 FCC Rcd 1446 (2002). 93. Private Land Mobile Radio (“PLMR”). PLMR systems serve an essential role in a range of industrial, business, land transportation, and public safety activities. These radios are used by companies of all sizes operating in all U.S. business categories, and are often used in support of the licensee's primary (non-telecommunications) business operations. For the purpose of determining whether a licensee of a PLMR system is a small business as defined by the SBA, we use the broad census category, “Cellular and Other Wireless Telecommunications.” This definition provides that a small entity is any such entity employing no more than 1,500 persons. 194 The Commission does not require PLMR licensees to disclose information about number of employees, so the Commission does not have information that could be used to determine how many PLMR licensees constitute small entities under this definition. We note that PLMR licensees generally use the licensed facilities in support of other business activities, and therefore, it would also be helpful to assess PLMR licensees under the standards applied to the particular industry subsector to which the licensee belongs. 195 194 See 13 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 517212. . 195 See generally 13 CFR 121.201. 94. The Commission's 1994 Annual Report on PLMRs 196 indicates that at the end of fiscal year 1994, there were 1,087,267 licensees operating 12,481,989 transmitters in the PLMR bands below 512 MHz. We note that any entity engaged in a commercial activity is eligible to hold a PLMR license, and that the revised rules in this context could therefore potentially impact small entities covering a great variety of industries. 196 Federal Communications Commission, 60th Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1994, at para. 116. 95. Fixed Microwave Services. Fixed microwave services include common carrier, 197 private operational-fixed, 198 and broadcast auxiliary radio services. 199 At present, there are approximately 22,015 common carrier fixed licensees and 61,670 private operational-fixed licensees and broadcast auxiliary radio licensees in the microwave services. The Commission has not created a size standard for a small business specifically with respect to fixed microwave services. For purposes of this analysis, the Commission uses the SBA small business size standard for the category “Cellular and Other Telecommunications,” which is 1,500 or fewer employees. 200 The Commission does not have data specifying the number of these licensees that have no more than 1,500 employees, and thus are unable at this time to estimate with greater precision the number of fixed microwave service licensees that would qualify as small business concerns under the SBA's small business size standard. Consequently, the Commission estimates that there are 22,015 or fewer common carrier fixed licensees and 61,670 or fewer private operational-fixed licensees and broadcast auxiliary radio licensees in the microwave services that may be small and may be affected by the rules and policies proposed herein. We note, however, that the common carrier microwave fixed licensee category includes some large entities. 197 See 47 CFR 101 et seq. (formerly, Part 21 of the Commission's Rules) for common carrier fixed microwave services (except Multipoint Distribution Service). 198 Persons eligible under parts 80 and 90 of the Commission's Rules can use Private Operational-Fixed Microwave services. See 47 C.F.R. Parts 80 and 90. Stations in this service are called operational-fixed to distinguish them from common carrier and public fixed stations. Only the licensee may use the operational-fixed station, and only for communications related to the licensee's commercial, industrial, or safety operations. 199 Auxiliary Microwave Service is governed by Part 74 of Title 47 of the Commission's Rules. See 47 CFR Part 74. This service is available to licensees of broadcast stations and to broadcast and cable network entities. Broadcast auxiliary microwave stations are used for relaying broadcast television signals from the studio to the transmitter, or between two points such as a main studio and an auxiliary studio. The service also includes mobile television pickups, which relay signals from a remote location back to the studio. 200 13 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 517212. 96. 39 GHz Service. The Commission created a special small business size standard for 39 GHz licenses—an entity that has average gross revenues of $40 million or less in the three previous calendar years. 201 An additional size standard for “very small business” is: an entity that, together with affiliates, has average gross revenues of not more than $15 million for the preceding three calendar years. 202 The SBA has approved these small business size standards. 203 The auction of the 2,173 39 GHz licenses began on April 12, 2000 and closed on May 8, 2000. The 18 bidders who claimed small business status won 849 licenses. 201 See Amendment of the Commission's Rules Regarding the 37.0-38.6 GHz and 38.6-40.0 GHz Bands, ET Docket No. 95-183, Report and Order, 12 FCC Rcd 18600 (1997). 202 Id. 203 See Letter to Kathleen O'Brien Ham, Chief, Auctions and Industry Analysis Division, Wireless Telecommunications Bureau, FCC, from Aida Alvarez, Administrator, SBA (Feb. 4, 1998); See Letter to Margaret Wiener, Chief, Auctions and Industry Analysis Division, Wireless Telecommunications Bureau, FCC, from Hector Barreto, Administrator, SBA, (Jan. 18, 2002). ) 97. Local Multipoint Distribution Service. Local Multipoint Distribution Service (“LMDS”) is a fixed broadband point-to-multipoint microwave service that provides for two-way video telecommunications. 204 The auction of the 986 LMDS licenses began on February 18, 1998 and closed on March 25, 1998. The Commission established a small business size standard for LMDS licenses as an entity that has average gross revenues of less than $40 million in the three previous calendar years. 205 An additional small business size standard for “very small business” was added as an entity that, together with its affiliates, has average gross revenues of not more than $15 million for the preceding three calendar years. 206 The SBA has approved these small business size standards in the context of LMDS auctions. 207 There were 93 winning bidders that qualified as small entities in the LMDS auctions. A total of 93 small and very small business bidders won approximately 277 A Block licenses and 387 B Block [Text truncated at 120,000 characters. The full text is on the page linked above.] --- Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/fr%3AE7-15607. Public record. Not legal advice.