# Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Metric Conversion > Briefs, arguments, decisions, and more. URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/fr%3A97-9153 ## Record - **Collection:** Federal Register - **Document type:** Proposed Rule - **Published:** April 21, 1997 - **Citation:** 62 FR 19253 ## Text DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 49 CFR Part 571 [Docket No. 97-21; Notice 1] RIN 2127-AG55 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Metric Conversion AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: This document proposes to revise selected Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) by converting English measurements specified in those standards to metric measurements. This document begins the second phase of several rulemaking actions that NHTSA will undertake to implement the Federal policy that the metric system of measurement is the preferred system of weights and measures for United States trade and commerce. The proposed conversions are not intended to make any changes in the stringency of the affected FMVSS. DATES: Comments must be received on or before June 20, 1997. ADDRESSES: All comments should refer to the docket number and notice number in the heading of this notice and be submitted, preferably in ten copies, to: Docket Section, Room 5109, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, DC 20590. Docket hours are 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Kevin Cavey, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, DC 20590. Mr. Cavey's telephone number is: (202) 366-5271. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Outline of Document I. Background Information II. Today's Notice of Proposed Rulemaking A. Exact Versus Equivalent Conversions 1. Gross Vehicle Weight Ratings 2. Standard No. 219, Windshield zone intrusion, and Standard No. 301, Fuel system integrity B. ``Mass'' v. ``Weight'' C. Force Measurements D. Dual Measurements E. Leadtime F. Other Changes III. Regulatory Impacts A. Executive Order 12866 and DOT Regulatory Policies and Procedures B. Regulatory Flexibility Act C. Environmental Impacts D. Federalism E. Civil Justice Reform Proposed Regulatory Text I. Background Information Section 5164 of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act (Pub. L. 1 00-418), makes it United States (U.S.) policy that the metric system of measurement is the preferred system of weights and measures for United States trade and commerce. Through Executive Order 12770, Federal agencies are directed to comply with the Act by adopting a conversion schedule for their programs by September 30, 1992. In a Federal Register document of April 21, 1992 (57 FR 14619), the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) published its plan to use the metric system in NHTSA programs, and included an implementation schedule to convert the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSSs) to metric measurements. Using the plan, in the Federal Register of March 15, 1994 (59 FR 11962), the agency published a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to convert English system measurements in selected FMVSSs to the metric system. In this first round of conversions, the agency selected the following FMVSSs for which conversions were simple, and relatively straightforward: Standard No. 102, Transmission shift lever sequence, starter interlock, and transmission braking effect; Standard No. 103, Windshield defrosting and defogging systems; Standard No. 104, Windshield wiping and washing systems; Standard No. 107, Reflecting surfaces; Standard No. 110, Tire selection and rims; Standard No. 112, Headlamp concealment devices; Standard No. 114, Theft protection; Standard No. 115, Vehicle identification number--basic requirements; Standard No. 120, Tire selection and rims for motor vehicles other than passenger cars; Standard No. 124, Accelerator control systems; Standard No. 126, Truck-camper loading; Standard No. 205, Glazing materials; Standard No. 206, Door locks and door retention components; Standard No. 207, Seating systems; Standard No. 212, Windshield mounting, and Standard No. 216, Roof crush resistance. NHTSA reviewed the public comments in response to the NPRM, and made certain changes recommended by the commenters. In a final rule of March 14, 1995 (60 FR 13639), the agency converted to the metric system, English measurements in the above named Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (49 CFR 571 et seq.). [[Page 19254]] The final rule discussed principles for NHTSA to follow in converting English measurements to the metric system. These principles are also applicable to the present rulemaking and are discussed below. II. Today's Notice of Proposed Rulemaking In this notice of proposed rulemaking, NHTSA proposes to convert to metric measurements, English measurements in the following Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards: Standard No. 101, Controls and displays; Standard No. 109, New pneumatic tires; Standard No. 111, Rearview mirrors; Standard No. 116, Motor vehicle brake fluids; Standard No. 117, Retreaded pneumatic tires; Standard No. 119, New pneumatic tires for vehicles other than passenger cars; Standard No. 123, Motorcycle controls and displays; Standard No. 201, Occupant protection in interior impact; Standard No. 202, Head restraints; Standard No. 203, Impact protection for the driver from the steering control system; Standard No. 204, Steering control rearward displacement; Standard No. 209, Seat belt assemblies; Standard No. 210, Seat belt assembly anchorages; Standard No. 219, Windshield zone intrusion; Standard No. 220, School bus rollover protection; Standard No. 222, School bus passenger seating and crash protection; Standard No. 301, Fuel system integrity; and Standard No. 302, Flammability of interior materials. As noted above, NHTSA established principles in converting English system measurements to the metric system in the first round of metrication. NHTSA intends to metricate the selected FMVSSs according to the following principles. A. Exact Versus Equivalent Conversions With respect to the nature of the conversions to be made, the agency generally favors the use of equivalent conversions 1 because using values stated in integers would facilitate making measurements during compliance testing. However, NHTSA will not use equivalent conversions where there is a specific safety need or other reason to make an exact conversion. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 To illustrate equivalent and exact conversions, an equivalent conversion of two inches would be 51 millimeters, while an exact conversion would be 50.8 millimeters. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- In the majority of cases, the proposed conversions are equivalent conversions. It is the agency's intent that, if made final, these equivalent conversions have no substantive effect on specifications or requirements in the affected standard. Public comment is sought on whether each equivalent conversion would substantively affect the regulatory text. If there would be a substantive effect, comment is requested on the appropriate exact conversion. In certain cases, exact conversions are proposed. Most of the exact conversions specify the height of lettering, the minimum depth to which the lettering must be impressed, or the maximum height to which it must be embossed. In such situations, manufacturers typically have invested in molds and other materials that produce lettering of very precise sizes. NHTSA does not want the conversion of the required lettering to have the effect of requiring manufacturers to have to change molds and materials. NHTSA also proposes to use exact conversions for certain other measurements, to avoid a possibility that the standard would become more stringent after the conversion. For each of these proposed conversions, the agency seeks comment on whether use of the equivalent, rather than the exact conversion, would make a substantive difference: 1. Gross Vehicle Weight Ratings (GVWRs) NHTSA proposes to convert any references to GVWRs to the exact conversion. GVWRs of 10,000 pounds are proposed to be converted to 4536 kilograms and GVWRs of 6,000 pounds are proposed to be converted to 2,722 kilograms. NHTSA is aware that some of the Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards use the equivalent conversions of 4500 kilograms for the 10,000 pound GVWR and 2700 kilograms for the 6000 pound GVWR. Such an exact GVWR conversion could affect the applicability of some of the FMVSS's to particular vehicles. In the case of standards that apply to vehicles with a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less, rounding to 4500 kilograms would affect any vehicles between 4501 and 4536 kilograms GVWR. Such vehicles may be excluded from FMVSS's that had applied to them (e.g., Standards Nos. 201, Occupant protection in interior impact, and 203, Impact protection for the driver from the steering control system, which apply to vehicles with GVWR's of 10,000 pounds or less), or be subject to requirements that had previously not applied to them (e.g, Standard No. 222, School Bus Passenger Seating and Crash Protection which applies to vehicles with GVWR's of more than 10,000 pounds). NHTSA notes that the number of vehicles in the 4501 to 4536 kilogram or 2700 to 2722 kilogram ranges is likely to be very small. NHTSA requests comments on whether to use equivalent conversions or exact conversion. 2. Standard No. 219, Windshield Zone Intrusion, and Standard No. 301, Fuel System Integrity Under the test conditions of S7.7(b) in Standard No. 219, and the test conditions of S7.1.6(b) in Standard No. 301, certain tested vehicles must be loaded to their unloaded vehicle weight plus 300 pounds. In this NPRM, the agency proposes to convert 300 pounds to 136 kilograms, the equivalent conversion. The Canadian standards have converted 300 pounds to the equivalent conversion of 140 kilograms. In the conversion of 300 pounds, the concern about stringency is particularly relevant because the manufacturers' certification testing for Standards Nos. 208, Occupant crash protection; 212, Windshield mounting; 219, Windshield zone intrusion; and 301, Fuel system integrity can be conducted in a single crash test. A slight increase in the load required for Standards Nos. 219 and 301 testing (resulting from a conversion to 140 kilograms) may necessitate the manufacturers conducting a separate crash test for Standard No. 219 and Standard No. 301 certification. To avoid this situation, the agency proposes to convert 300 pounds to the equivalent conversion of 136 kilograms, rather than the equivalent conversion of 140 kilograms. B. ``Mass'' v. ``Weight'' Kilograms are measures of ``mass,'' not ``weight.'' Thus, in instances in which the safety standards use ``weight'' to mean ``mass'' in describing compliance testing conditions and procedures, or in other instances in which the standards are primarily directed to engineers or other technically trained persons, NHTSA proposes to revise ``weight'' in the regulatory text to ``mass.'' As an example, in Standard No. 116, Motor vehicle brake fluids, a sentence in S6.11.1 states: ``At the end of this period, the metal strips are examined for pitting, etching, and weight loss.'' NHTSA proposes to amend this sentence to read: ``At the end of this period, the metal strips are examined for pitting, etching, and loss of mass.'' However, in instances in which the word ``weight'' is part of a term defined at 49 CFR part 571.3, such as ``curb weight,'' ``gross axle mass rating,'' or ``unloaded vehicle weight,'' NHTSA is not making the change. NHTSA proposes not to adopt terms such as ``curb mass,'' ``gross axle mass rating,'' or ``unloaded vehicle mass.'' NHTSA [[Page 19255]] will consider amending terms that use ``weight'' in future rulemakings to metrify the safety standards. While NHTSA is considering changing references in the FMVSSs from ``weight'' to ``mass'', it is also concerned about the effect of such a change. For example, NHTSA is still uncertain whether the general public would be confused by use of the phrase ``Camper mass is ________ kg'' rather than ``Camper weight'' specified in Standard No. 126. In addition, States use terms such as gross vehicle ``weight'' rating as the basis for determining which vehicle registration fees, driver's licensing requirements, and restrictions on use of roads are applicable to particular vehicles. Before making a change from ``weight'' to ``mass,'' NHTSA wants to obtain public comment on each of the proposed changes. C. Force Measurements Standard No. 220 and Standard No. 222 establish strength requirements for school bus rollover and for school bus passenger seating, respectively. Standard No. 220 requires that a school bus roof withstand a force equal to 1\1/2\ times the vehicle weight applied to the roof. Standard No. 222 specifies in part that school bus passenger seats be equipped with cushions that will not separate from the seat at any attachment point when subjected to an upward force of five times the seat cushion weight. When using units of English measurement, both weight and force are expressed in pounds. However, the metric system expresses mass in kilograms and force in Newtons. Thus, in converting forces to the metric system, there is no simple one-to-one conversion when calculating the force that should be applied. Instead, persons conducting tests will need to measure the weight of the seat or vehicle mass in kilograms and multiply each figure by 9.8 m/s2 to convert the figure to Newtons. In making the metric conversion of the force measurements in Standard No. 220 and Standard No. 222, NHTSA proposes to specify the steps of the conversion in the regulatory language, to minimize the chance of the wrong metric system conversion being made. Specifically, for Standard No. 220, NHTSA proposes to amend the force measurement language (in S4.) to provide that the roof of the vehicle's body structure shall be subjected to a force in Newtons equal to 1\1/2\ times the unloaded vehicle weight, measured in kilograms and multiplied by 9.8 m/s2. For Standard No. 222, NHTSA proposes to amend the force measurement language (in S5.1.5) to provide that the seat cushion shall not separate from the seat at any attachment point when subjected to an upward force in Newtons of 5 times the mass of the seat cushion in kilograms and multiplied by 9.8 m/s2. Comment is sought on this proposal to specify the calculation of the metric force measurement for Standards Nos. 220 and 222. D. Dual Measurements NHTSA also seeks comment on proposed metric conversions of certain tables. When converting the FMVSSs to the metric system, the agency believes that some tables incorporating metric measurements would not be very informative to American mirror or tire manufacturers and retreaders, many of which may be more familiar with English measurements. Therefore, in the case of the mirror and tire standards, it is proposed that the tables and regulatory text provide both the English and metric systems of measurement. Specifically, in Standard No. 111, Rearview mirrors, NHTSA proposes to provide both English and metric measurements for radii of curvature specified in Table I-- ``Conversion Table from Spherometer Dial Reading to Radius of Curvature''. In Standard No. 117, Retreaded pneumatic tires, NHTSA proposes to include both p.s.i. and kPa measurements in Table I-- ``Plies''. In Standard No. 119, New pneumatic tires for vehicles other than passenger cars, NHTSA proposes to provide both English and metric measurements in Table I--``Strength Test Plunger Diameter'', Table II-- ``Minimum Static Breaking Energy'', and Table III--``Endurance Test Schedule''. If the proposed use of dual measurements is adopted as final, the agency anticipates, at some future date, phasing out the English units of measurement. Public comment is sought generally on this proposal to use dual measurements for the specified tables and on the period of time after which the English units of measurements should be phased out. E. Lead Time NHTSA proposes that if made final, the changes proposed in this NPRM take effect one year after the publication of the final rule, with manufacturers given the option to comply immediately with the new measurements. NHTSA believes one year is enough lead time for industry to make any necessary changes. NHTSA has consistently stated that it is not the agency's intent to impose unnecessary costs to manufacturers as a result of the metrication process. NHTSA is aware that if some of the proposed changes in the tire standards, were made final, tire mold manufacturers would have to change molds to accommodate the new metric/ English measurements. Changing tire molds to accommodate labeling with metric measurements where it is not specified may result in manufacturers incurring significant costs unless sufficient lead time is given so that changes could be made when molds are changed. NHTSA seeks comment on the amount of lead time tire manufacturers should be given so that they could meet any changes that may result if this NPRM were made final. NHTSA specifically asks whether one year is enough lead time to permit tire manufacturers to purchase new molds that would meet the metricated standard, if made final. F. Other Changes 1. Standard No. 207, Seating Systems As earlier noted, in the final rule of March 14, 1995, NHTSA converted English measurements in Standard No. 207 to the metric system. Subsequently, it was discovered that the conversion resulted in typographical errors in S5.1.2 (part of the section on test procedures), so that the part of the ``seat'' to which force is applied was no longer specific. In this NPRM, NHTSA proposes to correct the second sentence of S5.1.2. to read: ``Apply forces, in Newtons, equal to 20 times the mass of the seat back in kilograms multiplied by 9.8 m/ s2 horizontally through the center of gravity of the seat back, as shown in Figure 2 and apply forces, in Newtons, equal to 20 times the mass of the seat bench in kilograms multiplied by 9.8 m/s2 horizontally through the center of gravity of the seat bench, as shown in Figure 3.'' 2. Standard No. 210, Seat Belt Assembly Anchorages NHTSA also proposes to correct an error in the figures for Standard No. 210. Specifically, Figure 2, ``Body Block for Lap Belt Anchorage'' should have been removed when Figures 2A and 2B were added to the standard (See 55 FR 17984, April 30, 1990). NHTSA notes that since Figure 2 and Figure 2A are technically equivalent, the duplication of the two figures did not create conflicting requirements in Standard No. 210. 3. Removing Outdated Language NHTSA further proposes to remove outdated language in Standard No. 204 and Standard No. 210. Specifically, in Standard No. 204, Steering control rearward displacement, NHTSA proposes to remove S4.1, that refers to [[Page 19256]] vehicles manufactured before September 1, 1991. In Standard No. 210, Seat belt assembly anchorages, NHTSA proposes to remove S4.3.1.5, that refers to vehicles manufactured between September 1, 1992 and September 1, 1993. III. Regulatory Impacts A. Executive Order 12866 and DOT Regulatory Policies and Procedures NHTSA has examined the impact of this rulemaking action under E.O. 12866 and the Department of Transportation's regulatory policies and procedures. This rulemaking document was not reviewed under E. O. 12866, ``Regulatory Planning and Review.'' This action has been determined to be not ``significant'' under DOT's regulatory policies and procedures. In converting the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards from the English to the metric measurement system, the agency proposes conversions that would not substantively change the performance requirements of the FMVSS's. If this rule is made final, manufacturers now providing consumer information (e.g., labeling) may incur minimal additional costs since they would have to change their information to add the metric units. However, the agency believes additional costs would be minuscule, since manufacturers currently label and provide consumer information in English units. The impacts of this action would be so minor that a full regulatory evaluation for this proposed rule has not been prepared. B. Regulatory Flexibility Act The agency has also considered the effects of this rulemaking action under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.). I certify that this proposed rule would not, if promulgated, have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. The rationale for this certification is that no substantive change resulting from converting the FMVSS from the English system to the metric system will be made to the performance requirements of any of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. Manufacturers that qualify as small businesses that do not now label their products in metric units or provide consumer information in metric units would incur some costs to include metric labeling. However, the agency believes such costs would be minimal, given these manufacturers are currently labeling and providing the consumer information in English units. C. Environmental Impacts In accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, the agency has considered the environmental impacts of this proposed rule and determined that, if adopted as a final rule, it would not have a significant impact on the quality of the human environment. D. Federalism This action has been analyzed in accordance with the principles and criteria contained in Executive Order 12612, and it has been determined that the proposed rulemaking does not have sufficient federalism implications to warrant the preparation of a Federalism Assessment. E. Civil Justice Reform This proposed rule would not have a retroactive effect. Under Section 103(d) of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 1392(d)), whenever a Federal motor vehicle safety standard is in effect, a state may not adopt or maintain a safety standard applicable to the same aspect of performance which is not identical to the Federal standard. Section 105 of the Act (15 U.S.C. 1394) sets forth a procedure for judicial review of final rules establishing, amending or revoking Federal motor vehicle safety standards. That section does not require submission of a petition for reconsideration or other administrative proceedings before parties may file suit in court. Public Comments Interested persons are invited to submit comments on the proposal. It is requested, but not required, that 10 copies be submitted. All comments must not exceed 15 pages in length. (49 CFR 553.21). Necessary attachments may be appended to these submissions without regard to the 15-page limit. This limitation is intended to encourage commenters to detail their primary arguments in a concise fashion. If a commenter wishes to submit certain information under a claim of confidentiality, three copies of a complete submission, including purportedly confidential business information, should be submitted to the Chief Counsel, NHTSA, at the street address given above, and seven copies from which the purportedly confidential information has been deleted should be submitted to the Docket Section. A request for confidentiality should be accompanied by a cover letter setting forth the information specified in the agency's confidential business information regulation. 49 CFR part 512. All comments received before the close of business on the comment closing date indicated above for the proposal will be considered, and will be available for examination in the docket at the above address both before and after that date. To the extent possible, comments filed after the closing date will also be considered. Comments received too late for consideration in regard to the final rule will be considered as suggestions for further rulemaking action. Comments on the proposal will be available for inspection in the docket. The NHTSA will continue to file relevant information as it becomes available in the docket after the closing date, and it is recommended that interested persons continue to examine the docket for new material. Those persons desiring to be notified upon receipt of their comments in the rules docket should enclose a self-addressed, stamped postcard in the envelope with their comments. Upon receiving the comments, the docket supervisor will return the postcard by mail. List of Subjects in 49 CFR Part 571 Imports, Motor vehicle safety, Motor vehicles, Rubber and rubber products, Tires. In consideration of the foregoing, it is proposed that the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (49 CFR Part 571), be amended as set forth below. PART 571--FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS 1. The authority citation for part 571 would continue to read as follows: Authority: 49 U.S.C. 322, 30111, 30115, 30117, and 30166; delegation of authority at 49 CFR 1.50. 2. Section 571.101 would be amended by revising S5(a) and revising S5.3.5 to read as follows: Sec. 571.101 Standard No. 101; Controls and displays. * * * * * S5. Requirements. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each passenger car, multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck and bus manufactured with any control listed in S5.1 or in column 1 of Table 1, and each passenger car, multipurpose passenger vehicle and truck or bus less than 4,536 kg GVWR with any display listed in S5.1 or in column 1 of Table 2 shall meet the requirements of this standard for the location, identification, [[Page 19257]] and illumination of such control or display. * * * * * S5.3.5 Any source of illumination within the passenger compartment which is forward of a transverse vertical plane 110 mm rearward of the mannikin ``H'' point with the driver's seat in its rearmost driving position, which is not used for the controls and displays regulated by this standard, which is not a telltale, and which is capable of being illuminated while the vehicle is in motion, shall have either (1) light intensity which is manually or automatically adjustable to provide at least two levels of brightness, (2) a single intensity that is barely discernible to a driver who has adapted to dark ambient roadway conditions, or (3) a means of being turned off. This requirement does not apply to buses that are normally operated with the passenger compartment illuminated. * * * * * 3. Section 571.101 would be amended by revising Table 2 at the end of S6 and following Table 1(a) to read as follows: BILLING CODE 4910-59-P [[Page 19258]] [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21AP97.000 BILLING CODE 4910-59-C [[Page 19259]] 4. Section 571.109 would be amended by revising in S4.2.1, paragraph (d); revising S4.2.2.3.1; revising S4.2.2.3.2; revising the first sentence of S4.3 Labeling Requirements introductory paragraph; revising the first sentence of S4.3.5; revising S5.2.2.1; revising S5.3.2.1; revising S5.3.2.3; revising S5.4.1.2; revising S5.4.2.1; revising S5.4.2.2; revising S5.4.2.3; revising S5.5.2; revising S5.5.3; and revising S5.5.4 to read as follows: Sec. 571.109 Standard No. 109; New pneumatic tires. * * * * * S4.2.1 General. Each tire shall conform to each of the following: * * * * * (d) It shall incorporate a tread wear indicator that will provide a visual indication that the tire has worn to a tread depth of 2 mm (1/16 inch). * * * * * S4.2.2.3 Tubeless tire resistance to bead unseating. S4.2.2.3.1 When a tubeless tire that has a maximum inflation pressure other than 414 kPa (60 psi) is tested in accordance with S5.2, the applied force required to unseat the tire bead at the point of contact shall be not less than: (a) 6,672 N (1,500 pounds) for tires with a designated section width of less than 152 mm (6 inches); (b) 8,896 N (2,000 pounds) for tires with a designated section width of 152 mm (6 inches) or more but less than 203 mm (8 inches); (c) 11,120 N (2,500 pounds) for tires with a designated section width of 203 mm (8 inches) or more, using the section width specified in a submission made by an individual manufacturer, pursuant to S4.4.1(a), or in one of the publications described in S4.4.1(b) for the applicable tire size designation and type. S4.2.2.3.2 When a tire that has a maximum inflation pressure of 414 kPa (60 psi) is tested in accordance with S5.2, the applied force required to unseat the bead at the point of contact shall be not less than: (a) 6,672 N (1,500 pounds) for tires with a maximum load rating of less than 399 kg (880 pounds); (b) 8,896 N (2,000 pounds) for tires with a maximum load rating of 399 kg (880 pounds) or more but less than 635 kg (1,400 pounds); (c) 11,120 N (2,500 pounds) for tires with a maximum load rating of 635 kg (1,400 pounds) or more, using the maximum load rating marked on the sidewall of the tire. * * * * * S4.3 Labeling Requirements. Except as provided in S4.3.1 and S4.3.2, each tire shall have permanently molded into or onto both sidewalls, in letters and numerals not less than 2 mm (0.078 inches) high, the information shown in paragraphs S4.3 (a) and (g). * * * * * * * * S4.3.5 If the maximum inflation pressure of a tire is 414 kPa (60 psi), the tire shall have permanently molded into or onto both sidewalls, in letters and numerals not less than 13 mm (\1/2\ inch), the words ``Inflate to 60 psi'' or ``Inflate to 414 kPa (60 psi)''. * * * * * * * * S5.2.2 Test procedure. S5.2.2.1 Apply a load through the block to the tire outer sidewall at the distance specified in Figure 1 for the applicable wheel size at a rate of 51 mm (2 inches) per minute, with the load arm substantially parallel to the tire and rim assembly at the time of engagement. * * * * * S5.3.2 Test procedure. S5.3.2.1 Force a 19 mm (\3/4\ inch) diameter cylindrical steel plunger with a hemispherical end perpendicularly into the tread rib as near to the centerline as possible, avoiding penetration into the tread groove, at the rate of 51 mm (2 inches) per minute. * * * * * S5.3.2.3 Compute the breaking energy for each test point by means of one of the two following formulas: W = [(F x P)/2] x 103 (Joules) Where W = Energy, in Joules; F = Force, Newtons; and P = Penetration, mm; or W = [(F x P)/2] Where W = Energy, inch-pounds; F = Force, pounds; and P = Penetration, inches. * * * * * S5.4.1.2 Condition the tire assembly to 38 deg.2 deg. C (100 deg.5 deg. F) for at least three hours. * * * * * S5.4.2.1 Mount the tire and wheel assembly on a test axle and press it against a flat-faced steel test wheel 1708 mm (67.23 inches) in diameter and at least as wide as the section width of the tire to be tested or an approved equivalent test wheel, with the applicable test load specified in the table in S5.4.2.3 for the tire's size designation, type and maximum permissible inflation pressure. S5.4.2.2 During the test, the air surrounding the test area shall be 38 deg.2 deg. C (100 deg.5 deg. F). S5.4.2.3 Conduct the test at 80 kilometers per hour (km/h)(50 miles per hour) in accordance with the following schedule without pressure adjustment or other interruptions: The loads for the following periods are the specified percentage of the maximum load rating marked on the tire sidewall: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Percent ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 hours...................................................... 85 6 hours...................................................... 90 24 hours..................................................... 100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * * * * * S5.5 High speed performance. * * * * * S5.5.2 Break in the tire by running it for 2 hours at 80 km/h (50 mph). S5.5.3 Allow to cool to 38 deg.2 deg. C (100 deg.5 deg. F) and readjust the inflation pressure to the applicable pressure specified in Table II. S5.5.4 Without readjusting inflation pressure, test at 121 km/h (75 mph) for 30 minutes, 129 km/h (80 mph) for 30 minutes, and 137 km/h (85 mph) for 30 minutes. * * * * * 5. In Sec. 571.109, Figure 1--``Bead Unseating Fixture--Dimensions in Inches'', the Table titled ``Figures for Standard No. 109,'' Figure 2--``Diagram of Beat Unseating Block Dimensions in Inches'', and Figure 2A--``Diagram of Bead Unseating Block--Dimensions in Inches'' after S6, and preceding Appendix A, would be revised to read as follows: BILLING CODE 4910-59-P [[Page 19260]] [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21AP97.001 [[Page 19261]] [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21AP97.002 [[Page 19262]] [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21AP97.003 BILLING CODE 4910-59-C [[Page 19263]] (Accompanies Figure 1) Figures for Standard 109 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dimension ``A'' for tires with maximum inflation pressure Wheel sizes --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other than 60 psi Other than 414 kPa 60 psi 414kPa -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 inches......................... 13.00 in....................... 330 mm......................... 12.00 in....................... 305 mm 18 inches......................... 12.50 in....................... 318 mm......................... 11.40 in....................... 290 mm 17 inches......................... 12.00 in....................... 305 mm......................... 10.60 in....................... 269 mm 16 inches......................... 11.50 in....................... 292 mm......................... 9.90 in........................ 251 mm 15 inches......................... 11.00 in....................... 279 mm......................... 9.40 in........................ 239 mm 14 inches......................... 10.50 in....................... 267 mm......................... 8.90 in........................ 226 mm 13 inches......................... 10.00 in....................... 254 mm......................... 8.40 in........................ 213 mm 12 inches......................... 9.50 in....................... 241 mm......................... ............................... ................. 11 inches......................... 9.00 in....................... 229 mm......................... ............................... ................. 10 inches......................... 8.50 in....................... 216 mm......................... ............................... ................. 320 mm............................ 8.50 in....................... 216 mm......................... ............................... ................. 340 mm............................ 9.00 in....................... 229 mm......................... ............................... ................. 345 mm............................ 9.25 in....................... 235 mm......................... ............................... ................. 365 mm............................ 9.75 in....................... 248 mm......................... ............................... ................. 370 mm............................ 10.00 in....................... 254 mm......................... ............................... ................. 390 mm............................ 11.00 in....................... 279 mm......................... ............................... ................. 415 mm............................ 11.50 in....................... 292 mm......................... ............................... ................. 400 mm\1\......................... 10.25 in....................... 260 mm......................... ............................... ................. 425 mm\1\......................... 10.75 in....................... 273 mm......................... ............................... ................. 450 mm\1\......................... 11.25 in....................... 286 mm......................... ............................... ................. 475 mm\1\......................... 11.75 in....................... 298 mm......................... ............................... ................. 500 mm\1\......................... 12.25 in....................... 311 mm......................... ............................... ................. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ For CT Tires only. 6. In Sec. 571.109, in Appendix A, Table 1-A--``For Bias Ply Tires with Designated Section Width of 6 Inches and Above'', Table 1-B ``For Bias Ply Tires with Designated Section Width Below 6 Inches'', Table 1- C ``For Radial Ply Tires'', Table 1-D ``For Tires with 60 lb/in\2\ Maximum Permissible Inflation Pressure and Maximum Load Rating Below 880 Lb. And Above'', 2nd Table 1-E ``For Tires With 60 lb/in\2\ Maximum Permissible Inflation Pressure and Maximum Load Rating Below 880 Lb'',would be revised to read as follows: Appendix A--Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 109 * * * * * TABLE I-A.--For Bias Ply Tires With Designated Section Width of 152 mm (6 Inches) and Above -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cord material 32 psi 36 psi 40 psi 240 kPa 280 kPa 300 kPa 340 kPA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rayon (in-lbs)............................................... 1,650 2,574 3,300 1,650 3,300 1,650 3,300 (Joules)..................................................... 186 291 373 186 373 186 373 Nylon or polyester (in-lbs).................................. 2,600 3,900 5,200 2,600 5,200 2,600 5,200 (Joules)..................................................... 294 441 588 294 588 294 588 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table I-B.--For Bias Ply Tires With Designated Section Width Below 152 mm (6 Inches) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cord material 32 psi 36 psi 40 psi 240 kPa 280 kPa 300 kPa 340 kPA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rayon (in-lbs)............................................... 1,000 1,875 2,500 1,000 2,500 1,000 2,500 (Joules)..................................................... 113 212 282 113 282 113 282 Nylon or polyester (in-lbs).................................. 1,950 2,925 3,900 1,950 3,900 1,950 3,900 (Joules)..................................................... 220 330 441 220 441 220 441 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table I-C.--For Radial Ply Tires -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Maximum permissible inflation ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tires other than CT tires CT Tires Size designation ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PSI kPa kPa ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 36 40 240 280 300 340 350 290 330 350 390 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Below 160 mm (in-lbs)....................... 1,950 2,925 3,900 1,950 3,900 1,950 3,900 1,950 1,950 3,900 1,950 3,900 (Joules).................................... 220 330 441 220 441 220 441 220 220 441 220 441 160 mm or above (in-lbs).................... 2,600 3,900 5,200 2,600 5,200 2,600 5,200 2,600 2,600 5,200 2,600 5,200 (Joules).................................... 294 441 588 294 588 294 588 294 294 588 294 588 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [[Page 19264]] Table I-D--For Tires With 414 kPa (60 PSI) Maximum Permissible Inflation Pressure and Maximum Load Rating 399 kg (880 lb) and Above ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cord material Inch-pounds Joules (J) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Rayon..................................... 1,650 inch pounds. 186 Joules (J). Nylon or Polyester........................ 2,600 inch pounds. 294 Joules (J). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Table I-E--For Tires With 414 kPa (60 PSI) Maximum Permissible Inflation Pressure and Maximum Load Rating Below 399 kg (880 lb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cord material Inch-pounds Joules (J) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Rayon..................................... 1,000 inch pounds. 113 Joules (J). Nylon or Polyester........................ 1,950 inch pounds. 220 Joules (J). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Sec. 571.111 would be amended by revising S5.1.1; revising S5.1.2; revising S5.2.1; revising S5.4.2; revising S5.4.3; revising S6.1; revising S7.1; revising S8.1; revising S9.2; revising S9.3; revising S10.1; revising S12.2; revising S12.3; revising S12.4; and revising S13.2 to read as follows: Sec. 571.111 Standard No. 111; Rearview mirrors. * * * * * S5.1.1 Field of view. Except as provided in S5.3, the mirror shall provide a field of view with an included horizontal angle measured from the projected eye point of at least 20 degrees, and sufficient vertical angle to provide a view of a level road surface extending to the horizon beginning at a point not greater than 61 m to the rear of the vehicle when the vehicle is occupied by the driver and four passengers or the designated occupant capacity, if less, based on an average occupant weight of 68 kg. The line of sight may be partially obscured by seated occupants or by head restraints. The location of the driver's eye reference points shall be those established in Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 104 (Sec. 571.104) or a nominal location appropriate for any 95th percentile male driver. S5.1.2 Mounting. The mirror mounting shall provide a stable support for the mirror, and shall provide for mirror adjustment by tilting in both the horizontal and vertical directions. If the mirror is in the head impact area, the mounting shall deflect, collapse or break away without leaving sharp edges when the reflective surface of the mirror is subjected to a force of 400 N in any forward direction that is not more than 45 deg. from the forward longitudinal direction. S5.2 Outside rearview mirror--driver's side. S5.2.1 Field of view. Each passenger car shall have an outside mirror of unit magnification. The mirror shall provide the driver a view of a level road surface extending to the horizon from a line, perpendicular to a longitudinal plane tangent to the driver's side of the vehicle at the widest point, extending 2.4 m out from the tangent plane 10.7 m behind the driver's eyes, with the seat in the rearmost position. The line of sight may be partially obscured by rear body or fender contours. The location of the driver's eye reference points shall be those established in Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 104 (Sec. 571.104) or a nominal location appropriate for any 95th percentile male driver. * * * * * S5.4.2 Each convex mirror shall have permanently and indelibly marked at the lower edge of the mirror's reflective surface, in letters not less than 4.8 mm nor more than 6.4 mm high the words ``Objects in Mirror Are Closer Than They Appear.'' S5.4.3 The average radius of curvature of each such mirror, as determined by using the procedure in S12., shall be not less than 889 mm and not more than 1,651 mm. S6. Requirements for multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, and buses, other than school buses, with GVWR of 4,536 kg or less. S6.1 Each multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck and bus, other than a school bus, with a GVWR of 4,536 kg or less shall have either-- -- (a) Mirrors that conform to the requirements of S5.; or (b) Outside mirrors of unit magnification, each with not less than 12581 mm\2\ of reflective surface, installed with stable supports on both sides of the vehicle, located so as to provide the driver a view to the rear along both sides of the vehicle, and adjustable in both the horizontal and vertical directions to view the rearward scene. S7. Requirements for multipurpose passenger vehicles and trucks with a GVWR of more than 4,536 and less than 11,340 kg and buses, other than school buses, with a GVWR of more than 4,536 kg. S7.1 Each multipurpose passenger vehicle and truck with a GVWR of more than 4,536 kg and less than 11,340 kg and each bus, other than a school bus, with a GVWR of more than 4,536 kg shall have outside mirrors of unit magnification, each with not less than 32260 mm\2\ of reflective surface, installed with stable supports on both sides of the vehicle. The mirrors shall be located so as to provide the driver a view to the rear along both sides of the vehicle and shall be adjustable both in the horizontal and vertical directions to view the rearward scene. S8. Requirements for multipurpose passenger vehicles and trucks with a GVWR of 11,340 kg or more. S8.1 Each multipurpose passenger vehicle and truck with a GVWR of 11,340 kg or more shall have outside mirrors of unit magnification, each with not less than 32260 mm\2\ of reflective surface, installed with stable supports on both sides of the vehicle. The mirrors shall be located so as to provide the driver a view to the rear along both sides of the vehicle and shall be adjustable both in the horizontal and [[Page 19265]] vertical directions to view the rearward scene. S9. Requirements for School Buses. * * * * * * * * S9.2 System A shall be located with stable supports so that the portion of the system on the bus's left side, and the portion on its right side, each: (a) Includes at least one mirror of unit magnification with not less than 32260 mm2 of reflective surface; and (b) Includes one or more mirrors which together provide, at the driver's eye location, a view of: (1) For the mirror system on the right side of the bus, the entire top surface of cylinder N in Figure 2, and of that area of the ground which extends rearward from the mirror surface not less than 61 meters. (2) For the mirror system on the left side of the bus, the entire top surface of cylinder M in Figure 2, and of that area of the ground which extends rearward from the mirror surface not less than 61 meters. S9.3(a) For each of the cylinders A though P whose entire top surface is not directly visible from the driver's eye location, System B shall provide, at that location: (1) A view of the entire top surface of that cylinder. (2) A view of the ground that overlaps with the view of the ground provided by System A. (b) Each mirror installed in compliance with S9.3(a) shall meet the following requirements: (1) Each mirror shall have a projected area of at least 25800 mm2, as measured on a plane at a right angle to the mirror's axis. (2) Each mirror shall be located such that the distance from the center point of the eye location of a 25th percentile adult female seated in the driver's seat to the center of the mirror shall be at least 9525 mm2. (3) Each mirror shall have no discontinuities in the slope of the surface of the mirror. (4) Each mirror shall be installed with a stable support. (c) Each school bus which has a mirror installed in compliance with S9.3(a) that has an average radius of curvature of less than 889 mm, as determined under S12, shall have a label visible to the seated driver. The label shall be printed in a type face and color that are clear and conspicuous. The label shall state the following: USE CROSS VIEW MIRRORS TO VIEW PEDESTRIANS WHILE BUS IS STOPPED. DO NOT USE THESE MIRRORS TO VIEW TRAFFIC WHILE BUS IS MOVING. IMAGES IN SUCH MIRRORS DO NOT ACCURATELY SHOW ANOTHER VEHICLE'S LOCATION * * * * * S10. Requirements for motorcycles. S10.1 Each motorcycle shall have either a mirror of unit magnification with not less than 8065 mm\2\ of reflective surface, or a convex mirror with not less than 6450 mm\2\ of reflective surface and an average radius of curvature not less than 508 mm and not greater than 1524 mm, installed with a stable support, and mounted so that the horizontal center of the reflective surface is at least 279 mm outward of the longitudinal centerline of the motorcycle. The mirror shall be adjustable by tilting in both the horizontal and vertical directions. * * * * * S12. Determination of radius of curvature. * * * * * S12.2 The 3-point linear spherometer has two outer fixed legs 38 mm apart and one inner movable leg at the midpoint. The spherometer has a dial indicator with a scale that can be read accurately to .0025 mm, with the zero reading being a flat surface. S12.3 The 10 test positions on the image display consist of two positions at right angles to each other at each of five locations as shown in Figure 1. The locations are at the center of the mirror, at the left and right ends of a horizontal line that bisects the mirror and at the top and bottom ends of a vertical line that bisects the mirror. None of the readings are within a 6.4 mm border on the edge of the image display. S12.4 At each position, the spherometer is held perpendicular to the convex mirror-surface and a record is made of the reading on the dial indicator to the nearest .0025 mm. * * * * * S13.2 The cylinders are 0.3048 meters (m) high and 0.3048 meters (m) in diameter, except for cylinder P which is 0.9144 meters (m) high and 0.3048 meters (m) in diameter. * * * * * 8. In Sec. 571.111, Table I-``Conversion Table from Spherometer Dial Reading to Radius of Curvature'', following Figure 1 in S12.8, would be revised to read as follows: Table I.--Conversion Table From Spherometer Dial Reading to Radius of Curvature ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Radius of Radius of Dial reading curvature curvature (inches) (mm) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ .00330............................................ 85.2 2164.1 .00350............................................ 80.4 2042.2 .00374............................................ 75.2 1910.1 .00402............................................ 70.0 1778.0 .00416............................................ 67.6 1717.0 .00432............................................ 65.1 1653.5 .00450............................................ 62.5 1587.5 .00468............................................ 60.1 1526.5 .00476............................................ 59.1 1501.1 .00484............................................ 58.1 1475.7 .00492............................................ 57.2 1452.9 .00502............................................ 56.0 1422.4 .00512............................................ 54.9 1394.5 .00522............................................ 53.8 1369.1 .00536............................................ 55.5 1333.5 .00544............................................ 51.7 1313.2 .00554............................................ 50.8 1290.3 .00566............................................ 49.7 1262.4 .00580............................................ 48.5 1231.9 .00592............................................ 47.5 1206.5 .00606............................................ 46.4 1178.6 .00622............................................ 45.2 1148.1 .00636............................................ 44.2 1122.7 .00654............................................ 43.0 1092.2 .00668............................................ 42.1 1069.3 .00686............................................ 41.0 1041.1 .00694............................................ 40.5 1028.7 .00720............................................ 39.1 993.1 .00740............................................ 38.0 965.2 .00760............................................ 37.0 939.8 .00780............................................ 36.1 916.9 .00802............................................ 35.1 891.5 .00922............................................ 34.2 868.7 .00850............................................ 33.1 840.7 .00878............................................ 32.0 812.8 .00906............................................ 31.0 787.4 .00922............................................ 30.5 774.7 .00938............................................ 30.0 762.0 .00960............................................ 29.3 744.2 .00980............................................ 28.7 728.9 .01004............................................ 28.0 711.2 .01022............................................ 27.5 698.5 .01042............................................ 27.0 685.8 .01060............................................ 26.5 673.1 .01080............................................ 26.0 660.4 .01110............................................ 25.3 642.6 .01130............................................ 24.9 632.5 .01170............................................ 24.0 609.6 .01200............................................ 23.4 594.4 .01240............................................ 22.7 576.6 .01280............................................ 22.0 558.8 .01310............................................ 21.5 546.1 .01360............................................ 20.7 525.8 .01400............................................ 20.1 510.5 .01430............................................ 19.1 500.4 .01460............................................ 19.0 482.6 .01540............................................ 18.3 464.8 .01570............................................ 17.9 454.7 .01610............................................ 17.5 444.5 .01650............................................ 17.1 434.3 .01700............................................ 16.6 421.6 .01750............................................ 16.1 408.9 .01800............................................ 15.6 396.2 .01860............................................ 15.1 383.5 .01910............................................ 14.7 373.4 .01980............................................ 14.2 360.7 .02040............................................ 13.8 350.5 .02100............................................ 13.4 340.4 .02160............................................ 13.0 330.2 [[Page 19266]] .02250............................................ 12.5 317.5 .02340............................................ 12.0 304.8 .02450............................................ 11.5 292.1 .02560............................................ 11.2 279.4 .02680............................................ 10.5 266.7 .02810............................................ 10.0 254.0 .02960............................................ 9.5 241.3 .03130............................................ 9.0 228.6 .03310............................................ 8.5 215.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. In Sec. 571.111, Figure 2 ``Location of Test Cylinders for School Bus Field-of-View Test'', after S13.3(g), would be revised to read as follows: BILLING CODE 4910-59-P [[Page 19267]] [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21AP97.004 BILLING CODE 4910-59-C [[Page 19268]] 10. Section 571.116 would be amended by revising S5.1.3; revising S5.2.1; revising in S5.2.2.2, the introductory paragraph and paragraph (g)(4); revising in S5.2.2.3, the introductory paragraph, paragraph (d) and paragraph (e)(4); revising S6.3; revising in S6.6.6, paragraph (a); revising S6.8.3; revising in S6.10.3, paragraph (a); revising S6.11.1; revising S6.11.6; revising, in S6.13.2, paragraph (b); revising in S6.13.3, paragraph (b), revising in S6.13.4, paragraph (c)(1); revising S7.4.2; and revising in S7.5.1, paragraph (b), to read as follows: Sec. 571.110 Standard No. 116; Motor vehicle brake fluids. * * * * * S5.1.3. Kinematic viscosities. When brake fluid is tested according to S6.3, the kinematic viscosities in square millimeters per second at stated temperatures shall be neither less than 1.5 mm\2\/s at 100 deg. C. (212 deg. F.) nor more than the following maximum value for the grade indicated: (a) DOT 3: 1,500 mm\2\/s at minus 40 deg. C. (minus 40 deg. F.). (b) DOT 4: 1,800 mm\2\/s at minus 40 deg. C. (minus 40 deg. F.). (c) DOT 5: 900 mm\2\/s at minus 40 deg. C. (minus 40 deg. F.). * * * * * S5.2.1 Container sealing. Each brake fluid or hydraulic system mineral oil container with a capacity of 177 mL or more shall be provided with a resealable closure that has an inner seal impervious to the packaged brake fluid. The container closure shall include a tamper- proof feature that will either be destroyed or substantially altered when the container closure is initially opened. * * * * * S5.2.2.2 Each packager of brake fluid shall furnish the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (g) of this S5.2.2.2 by clearly marking it on each brake fluid container or on a label (labels) permanently affixed to the container, in any location except a removable part such as a lid. After being subjected to the operations and conditions specified in S6.14, the information required by this section shall be legible to an observer having corrected visual acuity of 20/40 (Snellen ratio) at a distance of 305 mm, and any label affixed to the container in compliance with this section shall not be removable without it being destroyed or defaced. * * * * * (g) * * * (4) CAUTION: DO NOT REFILL CONTAINER, AND DO NOT USE FOR OTHER LIQUIDS. (Not required for containers with a capacity in excess of 19 L.) S5.2.2.3 Each packager of hydraulic system mineral oil shall furnish the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this S5.2.2.3 by clearly marking it on each brake fluid container or on a label (labels) permanently affixed to the container, in any location except a removable part such as a lid. After being subjected to the operations and conditions specified in S6.14, the information required by this section shall be legible to an observer having corrected visual acuity of 20/40 (Snellen ratio) at a distance of 305 mm and any label affixed to the container in compliance with this section shall not be removable without it being destroyed or defaced. * * * * * (d) Designation of the contents as ``HYDRAULIC SYSTEM MINERAL OIL'' in capital letters at least 3 mm high. (e) * * * * * * * * (4) CAUTION: STORE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM MINERAL OIL ONLY IN ITS ORIGINAL CONTAINER. KEEP CONTAINER CLEAN AND TIGHTLY CLOSED. DO NOT REFILL CONTAINER OR USE OTHER LIQUIDS. (The last sentence is not required for containers with a capacity in excess of 19 L.) * * * * * S6.3 Kinematic viscosity. Determine the kinematic viscosity of a brake fluid in mm\2\/s by the following procedure. Run duplicate samples at each of the specified temperatures, making two timed runs on each sample. * * * * * S6.6.6 Calculation. (a) Measure the area of each type of test strip to the nearest square centimeter. Divide the average change in mass for each type by the area of that type. * * * * * S6.8.3 Procedure. Obtain the tare weight of each of the four covered petri dishes to the nearest 0.01 gram. Place 251 ml. of brake fluid in each dish, replace proper covers and reweigh. Determine the weight of each brake fluid test specimen by the difference. Place the four dishes, each inside its inverted cover, in the oven at 100 deg.2 deg. C. (212 deg.3.6 deg. F.) for 462 hours. (Note: Do not simultaneously heat more than one fluid in the same oven.) Remove the dishes from the oven, allow to cool to 23 deg.5 deg. C. (73.4 deg.9 deg. F.), and weigh. Return to the oven for an additional 242 hours. If at the end of 724 hours the average loss by evaporation is less than 60 percent, discontinue the evaporation procedure and proceed with examination of the residue. Otherwise, continue this procedure either until equilibrium is reached as evidenced by an incremental mass loss of less than 0.25 gram in 24 hours on all individual dishes or for a maximum of 7 days. During the heating and weighing operation, if it is necessary to remove the dishes from the oven for a period of longer than 1 hour, the dishes shall be stored in a desiccator as soon as cooled to room temperature. Calculate the percentage of fluid evaporated from each dish. Examine the residue in the dishes at the end of 1 hour at 23 deg.5 deg. C. (73.4 deg.9 deg. F.). Rub any sediment with the fingertip to determine grittiness or abrasiveness. Combine the residues from all four dishes in a 118 mL (4-ounce) oil- sample bottle and store vertically in a cold chamber at minus 5 deg.1 deg. C. (23 deg.5 deg. F.) for 6010 minutes. Quickly remove the bottle and place in the horizontal position. The residue must flow at least 5 mm (0.2 inch) along the tube within 5 seconds. * * * * * S6.10.3 Procedure--(a) At low temperature. Mix 500.5 mL of brake fluid with 500.5 mL of SAE RM-66-03 Compatibility Fluid. Pour this mixture into a centrifuge tube and stopper with a clean dry cork. Place tube in the cold chamber maintained at minus 40 deg.2 deg. C. (minus 40 deg.3.6 deg. F). After 242 hours, remove tube, quickly wipe with a clean lint-free cloth saturated with ethanol (isopropanol when testing DOT 5 fluids) or acetone. Examine the test specimen for evidence of slugging, sedimentation, or crystallization. Test fluids, except DOT 5 SBBF, shall be examined for stratification. * * * * * S6.11.1 Summary of procedure. Brake fluids, except DOT 5 SBBF, are activated with a mixture of approximately 0.2 percent benzoyl peroxide and 5 percent water. DOT 5 SBBF is humidified in accordance with S6.2 eliminating determination of the ERBP, and then approximately 0.2 percent benzoyl peroxide is added. A corrosion test strip assembly consisting of cast iron and an aluminum strip separated by tinfoil squares at each end is then rested on a piece of SBR WC cup positioned so that the test strip is half immersed in the fluid and oven aged at 70 deg. C. (158 deg. F.) for 168 hours. At the end of this period, the metal strips are examined for pitting, etching, and loss of mass. * * * * * S6.11.6 Calculation. Determine corrosion loss by dividing the change in mass of each metal strip by the total surface area of each strip measured in square millimeters (mm\2\), to the nearest [[Page 19269]] square millimeter (mm\2\). Average the results for the two strips of each type of metal, rounding to the nearest 0.05 mg. per 100 square millimeter (mm\2\). If only one of the duplicates fails for any reason, run a second set of duplicate samples. Both repeat samples shall meet all requirements of S5.1.11. * * * * * S6.13.2 Apparatus and equipment. * * * * * (b) Braking pressure actuation mechanism. An actuating mechanism for applying a force to the master cylinder pushrod without side thrust. The amount of force applied by the actuating mechanism shall be adjustable and capable of applying sufficient thrust to the master cylinder to create a pressure of at least 6895 kPa (1,000 p.s.i.) in the simulated brake system. A hydraulic gage or pressure recorder, having a range of at least 0 to 6895 kPa (0 to 1,000 p.s.i), shall be installed between the master cylinder and the brake assemblies and shall be provided with a shutoff valve and with a bleeding valve for removing air from the connecting tubing. The actuating mechanism shall be designed to permit adjustable stroking rates of approximately 1,000 strokes per hour. Use a mechanical or electrical counter to record the total number of strokes. * * * * * S6.13.3 Materials. * * * * * (b) Steel tubing. Double wall steel tubing meeting SAE specification J527. A complete replacement of tubing is essential when visual inspection indicates any corrosion or deposits on inner surface of tubing. Tubing from master cylinder to one wheel cylinder shall be replaced for each test (minimum length .9 m.) Uniformity in tubing size is required between master cylinder and wheel cylinder. The standard master cylinder has two outlets for tubing, both of which must be used. * * * * * S6.13.4 Preparation of test apparatus. * * * * * (c) Assembly and adjustment of test apparatus. (1) When using a shoe and drum type apparatus, adjust the brake shoe toe clearances to 1.00.1 mm (0.0400.004 inch). Fill the system with brake fluid, bleeding all wheel cylinders and the pressure gage to remove entrapped air. Operate the actuator manually to apply a pressure greater than the required operating pressure and inspect the system for leaks. Adjust the actuator and/or pressure relief valve to obtain a pressure of 6895 kPa3.5 kPa (1,00050 p.s.i.). A smooth pressure stroke pattern is required when using a shoe and drum type apparatus. The pressure is relatively low during the first part of the stroke and then builds up smoothly to the maximum stroking pressure at the end of the stroke, to permit the primary cup to pass the compensating hole at a relatively low pressure. Using stroking fixtures, adjust the actuator and/or pressure relief valve to obtain a pressure of 6895 kPa345 kPa (1,00050 p.s.i.). * * * * * S7.4.2 Procedure. Make hardness measurements at 23 deg.5 deg. C. (73.4 deg.3.6 deg.F.). Equilibrate the tester and anvils at this temperature prior to use. Center brake cups lip side down on an anvil of appropriate hardness. Following the manufacturer's operating instructions for the hardness tester, make one measurement at each of four points 6 mm from the center of the cup and spaced 90 deg. apart. Average the four values, and round off to the nearest IRHD. * * * * * S7.5.1 Apparatus. * * * * * (b) Centrifuge. A centrifuge capable of whirling two or more filled centrifuge tubes at a speed which can be controlled to give a relative centrifugal force (r.c.f.) between 600 and 700 at the tip of the tubes. The revolving head, trunnion rings, and trunnion cups, including the rubber cushion, shall withstand the maximum centrifugal force capable of being delivered by the power source. The trunnion cups and cushions shall firmly support the tubes when the centrifuge is in motion. Calculate the speed of the rotating head using this equation: r.p.m. = 265[25.4 x r.c.f./d] Where: r.c.f. = Relative centrifugal force, and d = Diameter of swing, in millimeters, measured between tips of opposing tubes when in rotating position. Table VI shows the relationship between diameter, swing, relative centrifugal force (r.c.f.), and revolutions per minute. Table VI.--Rotation Speeds for Centrifuges of Various Diameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------ r.p.m. r.p.m. Diameter of swing in millimeters a at 600 at 700 r.c.f r.c.f. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 483................................................... 1490 1610 508................................................... 1450 1570 533................................................... 1420 1530 559................................................... 1390 1500 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ a Measured in millimeters between tips of opposite tubes when in rotating position. * * * * * 11. Section 571.117 would be amended by revising in S6.3.1, the introductory text, and revising in S6.3.2, the introductory text, to read as follows: Sec. 571.117 Standard No. 117; Retreaded pneumatic tires. * * * * * S6.3 Labeling. S6.3.1 Each retreaded pneumatic tire manufactured on or after June 1, 1973, shall be labeled, in at least one location on the tire sidewall in letters and numerals not less than 2 mm (0.078 inch) high, with the following information: * * * * * S6.3.2 Each retreaded tire manufactured on or after May 12, 1975, shall bear permanent labeling (through molding, branding, or other method that will produce a permanent label, or through the retention of the original casing labeling) in at least one location on the tire sidewall, in letters and numbers not less than 2 mm (0.078 inch) high, consisting of the following information: * * * * * 12. In Sec. 571.117, Table I--``Plies'' after paragraph (c) of S6.3.2 would be revised to read as follows: [[Page 19270]] Table I.--Plies -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 ply-4 ply (4 ply rating) 4 ply (6 ply rating) 4 ply (8 ply rating) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Maximum load Maximum Maximum load Maximum Maximum load Maximum ------------------ inflation ------------------ Inflation ------------------ inflation Tire size pressure pressure pressure lb kg ------------------ lb kg ------------------ lb kg ----------------- psi kPa psi kPa psi kPa -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6.00-13..................................... 1010 458 32 220 1080 499 36 248 1140 517 40 276 6.50-13..................................... 1150 552 32 220 1230 558 36 248 1300 590 40 276 7.00-13..................................... 1270 576 32 220 1360 617 36 248 1440 653 40 276 6.45-14..................................... 1120 508 32 220 1200 544 36 248 1270 576 40 276 6.95-14..................................... 1230 558 32 220 1310 594 36 248 1390 630 40 276 7.35-14..................................... 1360 617 32 220 1450 658 36 248 1540 698 40 276 7.75-14..................................... 1500 680 32 220 1600 726 36 248 1690 767 40 276 8.25-14..................................... 1620 735 32 220 1730 785 36 248 1830 830 40 276 8.55-14..................................... 1770 803 32 220 1890 857 36 248 2000 907 40 276 8.85-14..................................... 1860 844 32 220 1990 903 36 248 2100 953 40 276 5.60-15..................................... 0970 440 32 220 1040 472 36 248 1105 501 40 276 5.90-15..................................... 1050 476 32 220 1130 513 36 248 1200 544 40 276 6.85-15..................................... 1230 558 32 220 1320 599 36 248 1390 630 40 276 7.35-15..................................... 1390 630 32 220 1480 671 36 248 1570 712 40 276 7.75-15..................................... 1490 676 32 220 1590 721 36 248 1690 767 40 276 8.15-15..................................... 1610 730 32 220 1720 780 36 248 1820 826 40 276 8.25-15..................................... 1620 735 32 220 1730 785 36 248 1830 830 40 276 8.45-15..................................... 1740 789 32 220 1860 844 36 248 1970 894 40 276 8.55-15..................................... 1770 803 32 220 1890 857 36 248 2000 907 40 276 8.85-15..................................... 1860 844 32 220 1980 898 36 248 2100 953 40 276 9.00-15..................................... 1900 862 32 220 2030 721 36 248 2150 975 40 276 9.15-15..................................... 1970 894 32 220 2100 953 36 248 2230 1012 40 276 8.90-15..................................... 2210 1002 32 220 2360 1070 36 248 2500 1134 40 276 A70-13...................................... 1060 481 32 220 1130 513 36 248 1200 544 40 276 D70-13...................................... 1320 599 32 220 1410 640 36 248 1490 676 40 276 D70-14...................................... 1320 599 32 220 1410 640 36 248 1490 676 40 276 E70-14...................................... 1400 635 32 220 1490 676 36 248 1580 717 40 276 F70-14...................................... 1500 680 32 220 1610 730 36 248 1700 771 40 276 G70-14...................................... 1620 735 32 220 1730 785 36 248 1830 830 40 276 H70-14...................................... 177 803 32 220 1890 857 36 248 2010 912 40 276 J70-14...................................... 1860 844 32 220 1980 898 36 248 2100 953 40 276 L70-14...................................... 1970 894 32 220 2180 989 36 248 2230 1012 40 276 C70-15...................................... 1230 558 32 220 1320 599 36 248 1390 630 40 276 D70-15...................................... 1320 599 32 220 1410 640 36 248 1490 676 40 276 E70-15...................................... 1400 635 32 220 1490 676 36 248 1580 717 40 276 F70-15...................................... 1500 680 32 220 1610 730 36 248 1700 771 40 276 G70-15...................................... 1620 735 32 220 1730 785 36 248 1830 830 40 276 H70-15...................................... 1770 803 32 220 1890 857 36 248 2010 912 40 276 J70-15...................................... 1860 844 32 220 1980 898 36 248 2100 953 40 276 K70-15...................................... 1900 862 32 220 2030 721 36 248 2150 975 40 276 L70-15...................................... 1970 894 32 220 2100 953 36 248 2230 1012 40 276 165-13...................................... 1050 476 32 220 1130 513 36 248 1200 544 40 276 175-13...................................... 1150 552 32 220 1240 562 36 248 1350 612 40 276 185-13...................................... 1270 576 32 220 1390 630 36 248 1510 685 40 276 155R13...................................... 950 431 32 220 1015 460 36 248 1075 488 40 276 155R14...................................... 1010 458 32 220 1080 499 36 248 1140 517 40 276 155R14...................................... 1015 460 32 220 1085 492 36 248 1150 552 40 276 165R13...................................... 1010 458 32 220 1080 499 36 248 1140 517 40 276 165R14...................................... 1120 508 32 220 1200 544 36 248 1370 621 40 276 165R15...................................... 1130 513 32 220 1200 544 36 248 1270 576 40 276 175R14...................................... 1230 558 32 220 1310 594 36 248 1390 630 40 276 185R14...................................... 1360 617 32 220 1450 658 36 248 1540 698 40 2761 185/70R13................................... 1090 494 32 220 1140 517 36 248 1190 540 40 276 145-14 \1\.................................. 865 392 32 220 905 411 36 248 935 424 40 276 145-15...................................... 895 406 32 220 940 426 36 248 975 442 40 276 195-15...................................... 1550 703 32 220 1680 762 36 248 1820 826 40 276 205-15...................................... 1770 803 32 220 1840 835 36 248 2000 907 40 276 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Dash Radial--Not an ``R'' Radial. 13. Section 571.119 would be amended by revising S6.3; revising S6.4; revising in S6.5, the introductory paragraph and paragraphs (d) and (e); revising S7.1.2; revising in S7.2, paragraph (c); revising in S7.3, paragraphs (c), (e), and (f); and revising in S7.4, paragraph (c) to read as follows: Sec. 571.119 Standard No. 119; New pneumatic tires for vehicles other than passenger cars. * * * * * S6.3 High speed performance. When tested in accordance with the [[Page 19271]] procedures of S7.3, a tire shall meet the requirements set forth in S6.1.1 and S6.1.2 (a) and (b). However, this requirement applies only to motorcycle tires and to non-speed-restricted tires of 368 mm (14.5 inches) nominal rim diameter or less marked load range A, B, C, or D. S6.4 Treadwear indicators. Except as specified in this paragraph, each tire shall have at least six treadwear indicators spaced approximately equally around the circumference of the tire that enable a person inspecting the tire to determine visually whether the tire has worn to a tread depth of 2 mm (one-sixteenth of an inch). Tires with 305 mm (12-inch) or smaller rim diameter shall have at least three such treadwear indicators. Motorcycle tires shall have at least three such indicators which permit visual determination that the tire has worn to a tread depth of 1 mm (one-thirty-second of an inch). S6.5 Tire markings. Except as specified in this paragraph, each tire shall be marked on each sidewall with the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (j) of this section. The markings shall be placed between the maximum section width (exclusive of sidewall decorations or curb ribs) and the bead on at least one sidewall, unless the maximum section width of the tire is located in an area which is not more than one-fourth of the distance from the bead to the shoulder of the tire. If the maximum section width falls within that area, the markings shall appear between the bead and a point one-half the distance from the bead to the shoulder of the tire, on at least one sidewall. The markings shall be in letters and numerals not less than 2 mm (0.078 inch) high and raised above or sunk below the tire surface not less that 0.4 mm (0.015 inch), except that the marking depth shall be not less than 0.25 mm (0.010 inch) in the case of motorcycle tires. The tire identification and the DOT symbol labeling shall comply with part 574 of this chapter. Markings may appear on only one sidewall and the entire sidewall area may be used in the case of motorcycle tires and recreational, boat, baggage, and special trailer tires. * * * * * (d) The maximum load rating and corresponding inflation pressure of the tire, shown as follows: (Mark on tires rated for single and dual load): Max load single __________ kg (__________ lbs) at __________kPa (__________ psi) cold. Max load dual __________kg (__________ lbs) at __________kPa (__________ psi) cold. (Mark on tires rated only for single load): Max load __________kg (__________ lbs) at __________kPa (__________ psi) cold. (e) The speed restriction of the tire, if 88 km/h (55 mph) or less, shown as follows: Max speed __________km/h (__________ mph). * * * * * S7.1.2 The tire must be capable of meeting the requirements of S7.2 and S7.4 when conditioned to a temperature of 35 deg.C (95 deg.F) for 3 hours before the test is conducted, and with an ambient temperature maintained at 35 deg.C (95 deg.F) during all phases of testing. The tire must be capable of meeting the requirements of S7.3 when conditioned at a temperature of 21 deg.C (70 deg.F) for 3 hours before the test is conducted. S7.2 Endurance. * * * * * (c) Mount the tire-rim assembly on an axle and press it against a flat-faced steel test wheel that is 1708 mm (67.23 inches) in diameter and at least as wide as the tread of the tire. * * * * * S7.3 Strength. * * * * * (c) Force a cylindrical steel plunger, with a hemispherical end and of the diameter specified in Table I for the tire size, perpendicularly into a raised tread element as near as possible to the centerline of the tread, at a rate of 51 mm (2 inches) per minute, until the tire breaks or the plunger is stopped by the rim. * * * * * (e) Repeat the plunger application at 72 deg. intervals around the circumference of the tire, until five measurements are made. However, in the case of tires of 305 mm (12-inch) rim diameter or less, repeat the plunger application at 120 deg. intervals around the circumference of the tire, until three measurements are made. (f) Compute the breaking energy for each test point by one of the two following formulas: (1) W=(FP/2) x 10 \3\ (Joules) (J) Where: W=Breaking energy (in kiloJoules) (kJ) F=Force in newtons (N) and P=Penetration in millimeters (mm), or; (2) W=(FP/2) Where: W=Breaking energy in inch-pounds, F=Force in pounds, P=Penetration in inches. * * * * * S7.4 High speed performance. * * * * * (c) Remove the load, allow the tire to cool to 35 deg.C (95 deg.F), and then adjust the pressure to that marked on the tire for single tire use. * * * * * 14. In Sec. 571.119, Table I--``Strength Test Plunger Diameter'', Table II--``Minimum Static Breaking Energy (Inch-Pounds)'', and Table III--``Endurance Test Schedule'' that follow paragraph (e) of S7.4 would be revised to read as follows: Table I.--Strength Test Plunger Diameter ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Plunger diameter ------------------- (mm) (inches) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tire type: Light truck..................................... 19 \3/4\ Motorcycle...................................... 8 \5/16\ Tires for 305 mm (12-inch) or smaller rims except motorcycle.............................. 19 \3/4\ Tires other than the above types: Tubeless: 445 mm (17.5 inches) or smaller rims............ 19 \3/4\ Larger than 445 mm (17.5 inches) rims: Load range F or less............................ 32 1\1/4\ Load range over F............................... 38 1\1/2\ Tube type: Load range F or less............................ 32 1\1/4\ Load range over F............................... 38 1\1/2\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [[Page 19272]] Table II.--Minimum Static Breaking Energy (Joules (J)* and Inch-Pounds (inch-lbs)) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Load Range All 305 mm (12 Light truck 445 Tube type Tubeless Tube type Tubeless ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- inch) or smaller mm (17.5 inch) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Tire Characteristic Motorcycle rim size or smaller rim 32mm 1\1/4\'' 38mm 1\1/2\'' ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tubeless ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 8mm \5/16\'' 19mm \3/4\'' ------------------ ------------------------------------ 19mm \3/4\'' Plunger Diameter (mm and inches) ------------------ J inch- J inch- J inch- J inch- J inch- J inch- inch- lbs lbs lbs lbs lbs lbs J lbs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ A................................................................. 16 150 67 600 225 2,000 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... B................................................................. 33 300 135 1,200 293 2,600 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... C................................................................. 45 400 203 1,800 361 3,200 768 6,800 576 5,100 ....... ....... ....... ....... D................................................................. ....... ....... 271 2,400 514 4,550 892 7,900 734 6,500 ....... ....... ....... ....... E................................................................. ....... ....... 338 3,000 576 5,100 1,412 12,500 971 8,600 ....... ....... ....... ....... F................................................................. ....... ....... 406 3,600 644 5,700 1,785 15,800 1,412 12,500 ....... ....... ....... ....... G................................................................. ....... ....... ....... ....... 711 6,300 ....... ....... ....... ....... 2,282 20,200 1,694 15,000 H................................................................. ....... ....... ....... ....... 768 6,800 ....... ....... ....... ....... 2,598 23,000 2,090 18,500 J................................................................. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 2,824 25,000 2,203 19,500 L................................................................. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 3,050 27,000 ....... ....... M................................................................. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 3,220 28,500 ....... ....... N................................................................. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 3,389 30,000 ....... ....... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Note: for rayon cord tires, applicable energy values are 60 percent of those in table. *kJ measurements are rounded down to the nearest whole number. Table III.--Endurance Test Schedule -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test load: Percent of maximum load rating Total best Description Load range Test wheel --------------------------------------- revolutions speed (r/m) III-24 (thousands) I-7 hours II-16 hours hours -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Speed restricted service: 88 km/h (55 mph)............................. ........................................ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... 80 km/h (50 mph)......................... All 125 66 84 101 352.0 C,D 150 75 97 114 432.0 56 km/h (35 mph)......................... E, F, G, H, J, L 100 66 84 101 282.5 Motorcycle................................. All 75 66 84 101 211.0 All other.................................. All 250 \1\ 100 \2\ 108 117 510.0 A,B,C,D 250 \1\ 75 \2\ 97 114 ........... E 200 70 88 106 546.0 F 200 66 84 101 564.0 G 175 66 84 101 493.5 H,J,L,N 150 66 84 101 423.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ 4 hr., for tire sizes subject to high speed requirements (S6.3). \2\ 6 hr., for tire sizes subject to high speed requirements (S6.3). 15. Section 571.123 would be amended by revising S5.2.3 to read as follows: Sec. 571.123 Standard No. 123, Motorcycle controls and displays. * * * * * S5.2.3 Control and display identification. If an item of equipment in Table 3, Column 1, is provided, the item and its operational function shall be identified by: (a) A symbol substantially in the form shown in Column 3; or (b) Wording shown in both Column 2 and Column 4; or (c) A symbol substantially in the form shown in Column 3 and wording shown in both Column 2 and Column 4. (d) The abbreviations ``M.P.H.'', ``km/h'', ``r/min'', ``Hi'', ``Lo'', ``L'', ``R'', and ``Res'' appearing in Column 2 and Column 4 may be spelled in full. Symbols and words may be provided for equipment items where none are shown in Column 2, Column 3, and Column 4. Any identification provided shall be placed on or adjacent to the control or display position, and shall appear upright to the operator. * * * * * 16. In Sec. 571.123, Table 3 ``Motorcycle Control and Display Identification Requirements'' that follows S5.2.5 and Tables 1 and 2 would be revised to read as follows: BILLING CODE 4910-59-P [[Page 19273]] [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21AP97.005 BILLING CODE 4910-59-C [[Page 19274]] 17. Section 571.201 would be amended by revising S2; revising S3.1; revising S3.1.1; revising S3.1.2; revising in S3.2, the introductory sentence; revising in S3.2.2, paragraph (c); revising S3.3.1; revising S3.4.2; revising S3.5.1; and revising in S5, paragraph (b) to read as follows: Sec. 571.201 Standard No. 201, Occupant protection in interior impacts. S2. Application. This standard applies to passenger cars, and to multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks and buses with a gross vehicle weight rating of 4,536 kilograms or less. * * * * * S3.1 Instrument panels. Except as provided in S3.1.1, when that area of the instrument panel that is within the head impact area is impacted in accordance with S3.1.2 by a 7 kg, 165 mm diameter head form at-- (a) A relative velocity of 24 km/h for all vehicles except those specified in paragraph (b) of this section, (b) A relative velocity of 19 km/h for vehicles that meet the occupant crash protection requirements of S5.1 of 49 CFR 571.208 by means of inflatable restraint systems and meet the requirements of S4.1.2.1(c)(2) of 49 CFR 571.208 by means of a Type 2 seat belt assembly at the right front designated seating position, the deceleration of the head form shall not exceed 784 m/s\2\ continuously for more than 3 milliseconds. S3.1.1 The requirements do not apply to: (a) Console assemblies; (b) Areas less than 127 mm inboard from the juncture of the instrument panel attachment to the body side inner structure; (c) Areas closer to the windshield juncture than those statically contactable by the head form with the windshield in place; (d) Areas outboard of any point of tangency on the instrument panel of a 165 mm diameter head form tangent to and inboard of a vertical longitudinal plane tangent to the inboard edge of the steering wheel; or (e) Areas below any point at which a vertical line is tangent to the rearmost surface of the panel. S3.1.2 Demonstration procedures. Tests shall be performed as described in Society of Automotive Engineers Recommended Practice J921, ``Instrument Panel Laboratory Impact Test Procedure,'' June 1965, using the specified instrumentation or instrumentation that meets the performance requirements specified in Society of Automotive Engineers Recommended Practice J977, ``Instrumentation for Laboratory Impact Tests,'' November 1966, except that: (a) The origin of the line tangent to the instrument panel surface shall be a point on a transverse horizontal line through a point 127 mm horizontally forward of the seating reference point of the front outboard passenger designated seating position, displaced vertically an amount equal to the rise which results from 127 mm forward adjustment of the seat or 19 mm; and (b) Direction of the impact shall be either: (1) In a vertical plane parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis; or (2) In a plane normal to the surface at the point of contact. S3.2 Seat Backs. Except as provided in S3.2.1, when that area of the seat back that is within the head impact area is impacted in accordance with S3.2.2 by a 7 kg, 165 mm diameter head form at a relative velocity of 24 km/h the deceleration of the head form shall not exceed 784 m/s2 continuously for more than 3 milliseconds. * * * * * S3.2.2 Demonstration procedures. * * * * * (c) For seats without head restraints installed, tests shall be performed for each individual split or bucket seat back at points within 102 mm left and right of its centerline, and for each bench seat back between points 102 mm outboard of the centerline of each outboard designated seating position; * * * * * S3.3.1 Demonstration procedures. (a) Subject the interior compartment door latch system to an inertia load of 98 m/s2 in a horizontal transverse direction and an inertia load of 98 m/s2 in a vertical direction in accordance with the procedure described in section 5 of SAE Recommended Practice J839b, ``Passenger Car Side Door Latch Systems,'' May 1965, or an approved equivalent. (b) Impact the vehicle perpendicularly into a fixed collision barrier at a forward longitudinal velocity of 48 km/h. (c) Subject the interior compartment door latch system to a horizontal inertia load of 294 m/s2 in a longitudinal direction in accordance with the procedure described in section 5 of SAE Recommended Practice J839b, ``Passenger Car Side Door Latch Systems,'' May 1965, or an approved equivalent. * * * * * S3.4.2 Each sun visor mounting shall present no rigid material edge radius of less than 3 mm that is statically contactable by a spherical 165 mm diameter head form. S3.5 Armrests. S3.5.1 General. Each installed arm rest shall conform to at least one of the following: (a) It shall be constructed with energy-absorbing material and shall deflect or collapse laterally at least 51 mm without permitting contact with any underlying rigid material. (b) It shall be constructed with energy-absorbing material that deflects or collapses to within 32 mm of a rigid test panel surface without permitting contact with any rigid material. Any rigid material between 13 mm and 32 mm from the panel surface shall have a minimum vertical height of not less than 25 mm. (c) Along not less than 51 continuous mm of its length, the arm rest shall, when measured vertically in side elevation, provide at least 51 mm of coverage within the pelvic impact area. * * * * * S5. Performance Criterion. * * * * * (b) The free motion head form HIC is calculated in accordance with the following formula: [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21AP97.014 Where the term a is the resultant acceleration expressed as a multiple of 9.8 m/s2 (acceleration of gravity), and t1 and t2 are any two points in time during the impact which are separated by not more than a 36 millisecond time interval. * * * * * 18. Section 571.202 would be amended by revising S2; revising S4.2; revising S4.3; revising in S5.1, paragraph (c), and revising S5.2 to read as follows: Sec. 571.202 Standard No. 202; Head restraints. * * * * * S2. Application. This standard applies to passenger cars, and to multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks and buses with a GVWR of 4,536 kg or less. * * * * * S4. Requirements. * * * * * S4.2 Each truck, multipurpose passenger vehicle and bus with a GVWR of 4,536 kg or less, shall comply with S4.3. S4.3 Performance levels. Except for school buses, a head restraint that conforms to either (a) or (b) shall be [[Page 19275]] provided at each outboard front designated seating position. For school buses, a head restraint that conforms to either (a) or (b) shall be provided for the driver's seating position. (a) It shall, when tested in accordance with S5.1, during a forward acceleration of at least 78 m/s2 on the seat supporting structure, limit rearward angular displacement of the head reference line to 45 deg. from the torso reference line; or (b) It shall, when adjusted to its fully extended design position, conform to each of the following-- (1) When measured parallel to torso line, the top of the head restraint shall not be less than 700 mm above the seating reference point; (2) When measured either 64 mm below the top of the head restraint or 635 mm above the seating reference point, the lateral width of the head restraint shall be not less than-- (i) 254 mm for use with bench-type seats; and (ii) 171 mm for use with individual seats. (3) When tested in accordance with S5.2, the rearmost portion of the head form shall not be displaced to more than 102 mm perpendicularly rearward of the displaced extended torso reference line during the application of the load specified in S5.2(c); and (4) When tested in accordance with S5.2, the head restraint shall withstand an increasing load until one of the following occurs: (i) Failure of the seat or seat back; or (ii) Application of a load of 890 N. S5. Demonstration procedures. S5.1 * * * * * * * * (c) During forward acceleration applied to the structure supporting the seat as described in this paragraph, measure the maximum rearward angular displacement between the dummy torso reference line and head reference line. When graphically depicted, the magnitude of the acceleration curve shall not be less than that of a half-sine wave having the amplitude of 78 m/s2 and a duration of 80 milliseconds and not more than that of a half-sine wave curve having an amplitude of 94 m/s2 and a duration of 96 milliseconds. S5.2 Compliance with S4.3(b) shall be demonstrated in accordance with the following with the head restraint in its fully extended design position: (a) Place a test device, having the back plan dimensions and torso line (centerline of the head room probe in full back position), of the three dimensional SAE J826 manikin, at the manufacturer's recommended design seated position. (b) Establish the displaced torso reference line by applying a rearward moment of 373 Nm moment about the seating reference point to the seat back through the test device back pan located in (a). (c) After removing the back pan, using a 165 mm diameter spherical head form or cylindrical head form having a 165 mm diameter in plan view and a 152 mm height in profile view, apply, perpendicular to the displaced torso reference line, a rearward initial load 64 mm below the top of the head restraint that will produce a 373 Nm moment about the seating reference point. (d) Gradually increase this initial load to 890 N or until the seat or seat back fails, whichever occurs first. 19. Section 571.203 would be amended by revising S2; revising S4; and revising S5.1 to read as follows: Sec. 571.203 Standard No. 203; Impact protection for the driver from the steering control system. * * * * * S2. Application. This standard applies to passenger cars and to multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks and buses with a gross vehicle weight rating of 4,536 kg or less. However, it does not apply to vehicles that conform to the frontal barrier crash requirements (S5.1) of Standard No. 208 (49 CFR 571.208) by means of other than seat belt assemblies. It also does not apply to walk-in vans. * * * * * S4. Requirements. Each passenger car and each multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck and bus with a gross vehicle weight rating of 4,536 kg or less manufactured on or after September 1, 1981 shall meet the requirements of S5.1 and S5.2. S5. Impact protection requirements. S5.1 Except as provided in this paragraph, the steering control system of any vehicle to which this standard applies shall be impacted in accordance with S5.1(a). However, the steering control system of any such vehicle manufactured on or before August 31, 1996, may be impacted in accordance with S5.1(b). (a) When the steering control system is impacted by a body block in accordance with SAE Recommended Practice J944 JUN80 Steering Control System--Passenger Car--Laboratory Test Procedure, at a relative velocity of 24 km/h, the impact force developed on the chest of the body block transmitted to the steering control system shall not exceed 11,120 N, except for intervals whose cumulative duration is not more than 3 milliseconds. (b) When the steering control system is impacted in accordance with Society of Automotive Engineers Recommended Practice J944, ``Steering Wheel Assembly Laboratory Test Procedure,'' December 1965, or an approved equivalent, at a relative velocity of 24 km/h, the impact force developed on the chest of the body block transmitted to the steering control system shall not exceed 11,120 N, except for intervals whose cumulative duration is not more than 3 milliseconds. * * * * * 20. Section 571.204 would be amended by revising S4.2 to read as follows: Sec. 571.204 Standard No. 204; Steering control rearward displacement. * * * * * S4. Requirements. * * * * * S4.2 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 1991. When a passenger car or a truck, bus or multipurpose passenger vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of 4,536 kg or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 2,495 kg or less is tested under the conditions of S5 in a 48 km/h perpendicular impact into a fixed collision barrier, the upper end of the steering column and shaft in the vehicle shall not be displaced more than 127 mm in a horizontal rearward direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. The amount of displacement shall be measured relative to an undisturbed point on the vehicle and shall represent the maximum dynamic movement of the upper end of the steering column and shaft during the crash test. * * * * * 21. Section 571.207 would be amended by revising S5.1.2 to read as follows: Sec. 571.207 Standard No. 207, Seating systems. * * * * * S5.1.2 If the seat back and the seat bench are attached to the vehicle by different attachments, attach to each component a fixture capable of transmitting a force to that component. Apply forces, in newtons, equal to 20 times the mass of the seat back in kilograms multiplied by 9.8 m/s2 horizontally through the center of gravity of the seat back, as shown in Figure 2 and apply forces, in newtons, equal to 20 times the mass of the seat bench in kilograms multiplied by 9.8 m/s2 horizontally through the center of gravity of the seat bench, as shown in Figure 3. * * * * * [[Page 19276]] Sec. 571.209 [Amended] 22. Section 571.209 would be amended by revising in S4.1, paragraphs (f) and (g)(3); revising in S4.2, paragraphs (a), (b) and (c); revising in S4.3, paragraphs (c), (d), (e), (g), (h), (i), and (j); revising S4.4; revising in S5.1, paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f); revising in S5.2, the first paragraph of paragraph (a) and paragraphs (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), and (k); and revising in S5.3, paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) to read as follows: Sec. 571.209 Standard No. 209, Seat belt assemblies. * * * * * S4. Requirements. S4.1 * * * (f) Attachment hardware. A seat belt assembly shall include all hardware necessary for installation in a motor vehicle in accordance with Society of Automotive Engineers Recommended Practice J800c, ``Motor Vehicle Seat Belt Installation,'' November 1973. However, seat belt assemblies designed for installation in motor vehicles equipped with seat belt assembly anchorages that do not require anchorage nuts, plates, or washers, need not have such hardware, but shall have 7/16-20 UNF-2A or \1/2\-13UNC-2A attachment bolts or equivalent metric hardware. The hardware shall be designed to prevent attachment bolts and other parts from becoming disengaged from the vehicle while in service. Reinforcing plates or washers furnished for universal floor, installations shall be of steel, free from burrs and sharp edges on the peripheral edges adjacent to the vehicle, at least 1.5 mm in thickness and at least 2580 mm\2\ in projected area. The distance between any edge of the plate and the edge of the bolt hole shall be at least 15 mm. Any corner shall be rounded to a radius of not less than 6 mm or cut so that no corner angle is less than 135 deg. and no side is less than 6 mm in length. (g) * * * (3) The adult occupants referred to in S4.1(g)(1) shall have the following measurements: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5th percentile 95th percentile adult female adult male ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weight.......................... 46.3 kg 97.5 kg Erect sitting height............ 784.9 mm 965.2 mm Hip breadth (sitting)........... 325.1 mm 419.1 mm Hip circumference (sitting)..... 924.6 mm 1198.9 mm Waist circumference (sitting)... 599.4 mm 1079.5 mm Chest depth..................... 190.5 mm 266.7 mm Chest circumference: Nipple........................ 774.7 mm 1130.3 mm Upper......................... 756.9 mm 1130.3 mm Lower......................... 675.6 mm 1130.3 mm ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * * * * * S4.2 Requirements for webbing. (a) Width. The width of the webbing in a seat belt assembly shall be not less than 46 mm, except for portions that do not touch a 95th percentile adult male with the seat in any adjustment position and the seat back in the manufacturer's nominal design riding position when measured under the conditions prescribed in S5.1(a). (b) Breaking strength. The webbing in a seat belt assembly shall have not less than the following breaking strength when tested by the procedures specified in S5.1(b): Type 1 seat belt assembly--26,689 N; Type 2 seat belt assembly--22,241 N for webbing pelvic restraint and 17,793 N for webbing in upper torso restraint. (c) Elongation. Except as provided in S4.5, the webbing in a seat belt assembly shall not extend to more than the following elongation when subjected to the specified forces in accordance with the procedure specified in S5.1(c): Type 1 seat belt assembly--20 percent at 11,120 N; Type 2 seat belt assembly 30 percent at 11,120 N for webbing in pelvic restraint and 40 percent at 11,120 N for webbing in upper torso restraint. * * * * * S4.3 Requirements for hardware. * * * * * (c) Attachment hardware. (1) Eye bolts, shoulder bolts, or other bolt used to secure the pelvic restraint of seat belt assembly to a motor vehicle shall withstand a force of 40,034 N when tested by the procedure specified in S5.2(c)(1), except that attachment bolts of a seat belt assembly designed for installation in specific models of motor vehicles in which the ends of two or more seat belt assemblies cannot be attached to the vehicle by a single bolt shall have breaking strength of not less than 22,241 N. (2) Other attachment hardware designed to receive the ends of two seat belt assemblies shall withstand a tensile force of at least 26,689 N without fracture of a section when tested by the procedure specified in S5.2(c)(2). (3) A seat belt assembly having single attachment hooks of the quick-disconnect type for connecting webbing to an eye bolt shall be provided with a retaining latch or keeper which shall not move more than 2 mm in either the vertical or horizontal direction when tested by the procedure specified in S5.2(c)(3). (d) Buckle release. (1) The buckle of a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly shall release when a force of not more than 133 N is applied. (2) A buckle designed for pushbutton application of buckle release force shall have a minimum area of 452 mm \2\ with a minimum linear dimension of 10 mm for applying the release force, or a buckle designed for lever application of buckle release force shall permit the insertion of a cylinder 10 mm in diameter and 38 mm in length to at least the midpoint of the cylinder along the cylinder's entire length in the actuation portion of the buckle release. A buckle having other design for release shall have adequate access for two or more fingers to actuate release. (3) The buckle of a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly shall not release under a compressive force of 1779 N applied as prescribed in paragraph S5.2(d)(3). The buckle shall be operable and shall meet the applicable requirement of paragraph S4.4 after the compressive force has been removed. (e) Adjustment force. The force required to decrease the size of a seat belt assembly shall not exceed 49 N when measured by the procedure specified in S5.2(e). * * * * * (g) Buckle latch. The buckle latch of a seat belt assembly when tested by the procedure specified in S5.2(g) shall not fail, nor gall or wear to an extent that normal latching and unlatching is impaired, and a metal-to-metal buckle shall separate when in any position of partial engagement by a force of not more than 22 N. [[Page 19277]] (h) Nonlocking retractor. The webbing of a seat belt assembly shall extend from a nonlocking retractor within 6 mm of maximum length when a tension is applied as prescribed in S5.2(h). A nonlocking retractor on upper torso restraint shall be attached to the nonadjustable end of the assembly, the reel of the retractor shall be easily visible to an occupant while wearing the assembly, and the maximum retraction force shall not exceed 5 N in any strap or webbing that contacts the shoulder when measured by the procedure specified in S5.2(h), unless the retractor is attached to the free end of webbing which is not subjected to any tension during restraint of an occupant by the assembly. (i) Automatic-locking retractor. The webbing of a seat belt assembly equipped with an automatic locking retractor, when tested by the procedure specified in S5.2(i), shall not move more than 25 mm between locking positions of the retractor, and shall be retracted with a force under zero acceleration of not less than 3 N when attached to pelvic restraint, and not less that 2 N nor more than 5 N in any strap or webbing that contacts the shoulders of an occupant when the retractor is attached to upper torso restraint. An automatic locking retractor attached to upper torso restraint shall not increase the restraint on the occupant of the seat belt assembly during use in a vehicle traveling over rough roads as prescribed in S5.2(i). (j) Emergency-locking retractor. An emergency-locking retractor of a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly, when tested in accordance with the procedures specified in paragraph S5.2(j)-- (1) Shall lock before the webbing extends 25 mm when the retractor is subjected to an acceleration of .7 m/s\2\; (2) Shall not lock, if the retractor is sensitive to webbing withdrawal, before the webbing extends 51 mm when the retractor is subjected to an acceleration of 3 m/s\2\ or less; (3) Shall not lock, if the retractor is sensitive to vehicle acceleration, when the retractor is rotated in any direction to any angle of 15 deg. or less from its orientation in the vehicle; (4) Shall exert a retractive force of at least 3 N under zero acceleration when attached only to the pelvic restraint; (5) Shall exert a retractive force of not less than 1 N and not more than 5 N under zero acceleration when attached only to an upper torso restraint; (6) Shall exert a retractive force of not less than 1 N and not more than 7 N under zero acceleration when attached to a strap or webbing that restrains both the upper torso and the pelvis. * * * * * S4.4 Requirements for assembly performance. (a) Type I seat belt assembly. Except as provided in S4.5, the complete seat belt assembly including webbing, straps, buckles, adjustment and attachment hardware, and retractors shall comply with the following requirements when tested by the procedures specified in S5.3(a): (1) The assembly loop shall withstand a force of not less than 22,241 N; that is, each structural component of the assembly shall withstand a force of not less than 2,500 pounds or 1,1120 N. (2) The assembly loop shall extend not more than 7 inches or 178 mm when subjected to a force of 22,241 N; that is the length of the assembly between anchorages shall not increase more than 356 mm. (3) Any webbing cut by the hardware during test shall have a breaking strength at the cut of not less than 18,683 N. (4) Complete fracture through any solid section of metal attachment hardware shall not occur during test. (b) Type 2 seat belt assembly. Except as provided in S4.5, the components of a Type 2 seat belt assembly including webbing, straps, buckles, adjustment and attachment hardware, and retractors shall comply with the following requirements when tested by the procedure specified in S5.3(b): (1) The structural components in the pelvic restraint shall withstand a force of not less than 11,120 N. (2) The structural components in the upper torso restraint shall withstand a force of not less than 6,672 N. (3) The structural components in the assembly that are common to pelvic and upper torso restraints shall withstand a force of not less than 13,345 N. (4) The length of the pelvic restraint between anchorages shall not increase more than 508 mm when subjected to a force of 11,120 N. (5) The length of the upper torso restraint between anchorages shall not increase more than 508 mm when subjected to a force of 6,672 N. (6) Any webbing cut by the hardware during test shall have a breaking strength of not less than 15,569 N at a cut in webbing of the pelvic restraint, or not less than 12,455 N at a cut in webbing of the upper torso restraint. (7) Complete fracture through any solid section of metal attachment hardware shall not occur during test. * * * * * S5 Demonstration procedures. S5.1 Webbing--(a) Width. The width of webbing from three seat belt assemblies shall be measured after conditioning for at least 24 hours in an atmosphere having relative humidity between 48 and 67 percent and a temperature of 23 deg.2 deg. C. The tension during measurement of width shall be not more than 22 N on webbing from a Type 1 seat belt assembly, and 9786 N 450 N on webbing from a Type 2 seat belt assembly. The width of webbing from a Type 2 seat belt assembly may be measured during the breaking strength test described in paragraph (b) of this section. (b) Breaking strength. Webbing from three seat belt assemblies shall be conditioned in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section and tested for breaking strength in a testing machine of capacity verified to have an error of not more than one percent in the range of the breaking strength of the webbing in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials E4-79 ``Standard Methods of Load Verification of Testing Machines.'' The machine shall be equipped with split drum grips illustrated in Figure 1, having a diameter between 51 and 102 mm. The rate of grip separation shall be between 51 and 102 mm per minute. The distance between the centers of the grips at the start of the test shall be between 102 and 254 mm. After placing the specimen in the grips, the webbing shall be stretched continuously at a uniform rate to failure. Each value shall be not less than the applicable breaking strength requirement in S4.2(b), but the median value shall be used for determining the retention of breaking strength in paragraphs (d), (e) and (f) of this section. (c) Elongation. Elongation shall be measured during the breaking strength test described in paragraph (b) of this section by the following procedure: A preload between 196 N and 245 N shall be placed on the webbing mounted in the grips of the testing machine and the needle points of an extensometer, in which the points remain parallel during test, are inserted in the center of the specimen. Initially the points shall be set at a known distance apart between 102 and 203 mm. When the force on the webbing reaches the value specified in S4.2(c), the increase in separation of the points of the extensometer shall be measured and the percent elongation shall be calculated to the nearest 0.5 percent. Each value shall be not more than the appropriate elongation requirement in S4.2(c). (d) Resistance to abrasion. The webbing from three seat belt assemblies shall be tested for resistance to abrasion [[Page 19278]] by rubbing over the hexagon bar prescribed in Figure 2 in the following manner: The webbing shall be mounted in the apparatus shown schematically in Figure 2. One end of the webbing (A) shall be attached to a mass (B) of 2.35 kg.05 kg, except that a mass of 1.5 kg.05 kg shall be used for webbing in pelvic and upper torso restraints of a belt assembly used in a child restraint system. The webbing shall be passed over the two new abrading edges of the hexagon bar (C) and the other end attached to an oscillating drum (D) which has a stroke of 330 mm. Suitable guides shall be used to prevent movement of the webbing along the axis of hexagonal bar C. Drum D shall be oscillated for 5,000 strokes or 2,500 cycles at a rate of 602 strokes per minute or 301 cycles per minute. The abraded webbing shall be conditioned as prescribed in paragraph (a) of this section and tested for breaking strength by the procedure described in paragraph (b) of this section. The median values for the breaking strengths determined on abraded and unabraded specimens shall be used to calculate the percentage of breaking strength retained. (e) Resistance to light. Webbing at least 508 mm in length from three seat belt assemblies shall be suspended vertically on the inside of the specimen track in a Type E carbon-arc light exposure apparatus described in Standard Practice for Generating Light-Exposure Apparatus (Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials, ASTM Designation: G23 81, published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, except that the filter used for 100 percent polyester yarns shall be chemically strengthened soda-lime glass with a transmittance of less than 5 percent for wave lengths equal to or less than 305 nanometers and 90 percent or greater transmittance for wave lengths of 375 to 800 nanometers. The apparatus shall be operated without water spray at an air temperature of 60 deg.2 deg. Celsius ( deg.C) measured at a point 255 mm outside the specimen rack and midway in height. The temperature sensing element shall be shielded from radiation. The specimens shall be exposed to light from the carbon-arc for 100 hours and then conditioned as prescribed in paragraph (a) of this section. The colorfastness of the exposed and conditioned specimens shall be determined on the Geometric Gray Scale issued by the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists. The breaking strength of the specimens shall be determined by the procedure prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. The median values for the breaking strengths determined on exposed and unexposed specimens shall be used to calculate the percentage of breaking strength retained. (f) Resistance to micro-organisms. Webbing at least 508 millimeters (mm) in length from three seat belt assemblies shall first be preconditioned in accordance with Appendix A (1) and (2) of American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Test Method 381, ``Fungicides Evaluation on Textiles; Mildew and Rot Resistance of Textiles,'' and then subjected to Test I, ``Soil Burial Test'' of that test method. After soil-burial for a period of 2 weeks, the specimen shall be washed in water, dried and conditioned as prescribed in paragraph (a) of this section. The breaking strengths of the specimens shall be determined by the procedure prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. The median values for the breaking strengths determined on exposed and unexposed specimens shall be used to calculate the percentage of breaking strength retained. Note: This test shall not be required on webbing made from material which is inherently resistant to micro-organisms. * * * * * S5.2 Hardware. (a) Corrosion resistance. Three seat belt assemblies shall be tested in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials B11773, ``Standard Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing.'' Any surface coating or material not intended for permanent retention on the metal parts during service life shall be removed prior to preparation of the test specimens for testing. The period of test shall be 50 hours for all attachment hardware at or near the floor, consisting of two periods of 24 hours exposure to salt spray followed by 1 hour drying and 25 hours for all other hardware, consisting of one period of 24 hours exposure to salt spray followed by 1 hour drying. In the salt spray test chamber, the parts from the three assemblies shall be oriented differently, selecting those orientations most likely to develop corrosion on the larger areas. At the end of test, the seat belt assembly shall be washed thoroughly with water to remove the salt. After drying for at least 24 hours under standard laboratory conditions specified in S5.1(a) attachment hardware shall be examined for ferrous corrosion on significant surfaces, that is, all surfaces that can be contacted by a sphere 19 mm in diameter, and other hardware shall be examined for ferrous and nonferrous corrosion which may be transferred, either directly or by means of the webbing, to a person or his clothing during use of a seat belt assembly incorporating the hardware. * * * * * (c) Attachment hardware. (1) [Text truncated at 120,000 characters. The full text is on the page linked above.] --- Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/fr%3A97-9153. Public record. Not legal advice.