# National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories: Aerospace Manufacturing and Rework Facilities

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URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/fr%3A95-21505

## Record

- **Collection:** Federal Register
- **Document type:** Rule
- **Published:** September 1, 1995
- **Citation:** 60 FR 45948

## Text

SUMMARY: National emission standards for hazardous air pollutants
(NESHAP) for aerospace manufacturing and rework facilities were
proposed in the Federal Register on June 6, 1994. This Federal Register
action announces the EPA's final decisions on the rule and promulgates
the NESHAP for aerospace manufacturing and rework facilities. Aerospace
manufacturing and rework operations emit many of the pollutants
identified in the Clean Air Act (Act) list of 189 hazardous air
pollutants (HAP). The intent of the standards is to protect public
health by requiring existing and new major sources to control emissions
to the level achievable by the maximum achievable control technology
(MACT) consistent with section 112(d) of the Act.
The HAP listed in Section 112(b)(1) emitted by aerospace facilities
that would be covered by this final rule include, chromium, cadmium,
methylene chloride, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, ethylene
glycol and glycol ethers. This rule will reduce nationwide emissions of
HAP from at least 2,869 major source aerospace manufacturing and rework
facilities by approximately 112,600 Mg (123,700 tons).

DATES: This regulation is effective on September 1, 1995. The
incorporation by reference of certain publications listed in the
regulation is approved by the Office of the Federal Register as of
September 1, 1995. See the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section concerning
judicial review.

ADDRESSES: Background Information Document. The background information
document (BID) for the promulgated standards may be obtained from the
U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service
(NTIS), Springfield, Virginia 22161, telephone (703) 487-4650. Please
refer to ``Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions from Aerospace
Manufacturing and Rework Operations--Background Information for
Promulgated Standards'' (EPA-453/R-94-036b). The BID contains: (1) a
summary of all the public comments made on the proposed standards and
the Administrator's responses to the comments, and (2) a summary of the
changes made to the standards since proposal.
An electronic version of the promulgation BID as well as this
preamble and final rule are available for download from the EPA's
Technology Transfer Network (TTN), a network of electronic bulletin
boards developed and operated by the Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards. The TTN provides information and technology exchange in
various areas of air pollution control. The service is free, except for
the cost of a phone call. Dial (919) 541-5742 for data transfer of up
to a 14,400 bits per second (bps) modem. If more information on the TTN
is needed, contact the systems operator at (919) 541-5384.
Docket. Docket No. A-92-20, containing supporting information used
in developing the promulgated standards, is available for public
inspection and copying from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday,
including all non-Government holidays, at the EPA's Air and Radiation
Docket and Information Center (formerly known as the Air Docket),
Waterside Mall, room M-1500, Ground Floor, 401 M Street, S.W.,
Washington, DC 20460; telephone (202) 260-7548. A reasonable fee may be
charged for copying.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For general or technical information
concerning the standards, contact Ms. Vickie Boothe, Emission Standards
Division (MD-13), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; telephone (919) 541-0164.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Under section 307(b)(1) of the Act, judicial
review of NESHAP is available only by filing a petition for review in
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit within
60 days of today's publication of this final rule. Under section
307(b)(2) of the Act, the requirements that are the subject of today's
notice may not be challenged later in civil or criminal proceedings
brought by the EPA to enforce these requirements. The information
presented in this preamble is organized as follows:

I. The Standards
II. Summary of Considerations in Developing the Rule
A. Purpose of Regulation
B. Summary of Impacts
III. Significant Changes to the Proposed Standards
A. Public Participation
B. Comments on the Proposed Standards
C. Significant Changes
IV. Administrative Requirements
A. Docket
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
C. Executive Order 12866
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act
E. Regulatory Review
F. Unfunded Mandate Act

I. The Standards

National emission standards for hazardous air pollutants
established under section 112 of the Act must

reflect the maximum degree of reduction in emissions of the
hazardous air pollutants subject to this section (including a
prohibition on such emissions, where achievable) that the
Administrator, taking into consideration the cost of achieving such
emission reduction, and any nonair quality health and environmental
impacts and energy requirements, determines is achievable for new or
existing sources in the category or subcategory to which such
emission standard applies . . . [section 112(d)(2)].

The promulgated standards include multiple alternatives to allow
owners or operators maximum compliance flexibility. A summary of the
final standards is contained in Table 1.

Table 1. Summary of Subpart GG of 40 CFR Part 63--National Emission Standards for Aerospace Manufacturing and
Rework Facilities
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Affected Source and Requirement Description
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aerospace Facilities
Applicability:
General Information........ This rule applies to facilities engaged in original equipment manufacture
and/or rework of aerospace components and assemblies and that are major
sources as defined in 40 CFR part 63. Specific operations are covered by
the rule. (63.741)
Estimated Number of Over 2,800 facilities are expected to be affected by the rule. Applicable
Facilities. SIC codes include 3720, 3721, 3724, 3728, 3760, 3761, 3764, 3765, and
4581.

[[Page 45949]]

Permit Requirements........ Major sources required to obtain operating permit in State where facility
is located according to procedures in 40 CFR part 70 and applicable State
regulations. (63.741(d))
All Affected Sources
Standards.................. 1. Comply with Sec. 63.4 through Sec. 63.6 of the General Provisions of
40 CFR part 63, subpart A.a (63.743(a))
2. Submit an operation and maintenance plan, except for new sources or
filter systems operated per manufacturer's instructions. (63.743(b))
3. Obtain approval to use control device not listed in this subpart.
(63.743(c))
Compliance Dates........... As provided for in the General Provisions, within 3 years after the
effective date for existing sources and no later than the standards'
effective date or upon startup, as appropriate, for new and reconstructed
sources. (63.749(a))
Test Methods and Procedures See individual affected sources. Also, comply with Sec. 63.7 of the
General Provisions. (63.750(o))
Monitoring Requirements.... See individual affected sources. Also, generally same as in Sec. 63.8(f)
and (g) of the General Provisions. (63.751(e) and (f))
Recordkeeping Requirements. Comply with parts of Sec. 63.10 of the General Provisions. (63.752(a))
Reporting Requirements..... 1. See individual affected sources. Comply with parts of Sec. 63.9 and
Sec. 63.10 of the General Provisions. Semiannual reports or annual if
compliant. (63.753(a)(1) and (3))
2. Operating permit application can be used for initial notification.
(63.753(a)(2))
Cleaning Operations:
Standards.................. Housekeeping measures for all cleaning operations at a facility subject to
this subpart. Measures address placing solvent laden cloth or paper in
closed containers, storing fresh and used cleaning solvent in closed
containers, and minimizing spills during handling and transfer.
(63.744(a))
Test Methods and Procedures See individual affected sources.
Monitoring Requirements.... See individual affected sources.
Recordkeeping Requirements. The name and vapor pressure of each cleaning solvent, and supporting
documentation. (63.752(b)(1))
Hand-Wipe Cleaning Operations:
Standards.................. 1. Except for spray gun and flush cleaning, all HAP or VOC hand-wipe
cleaning solvents must meet a composition requirement, have a vapor
pressure less than 45 mm Hg at 20 deg.C, or meet the requirements
specified in an alternative compliance plan administered by the permitting
authority and approved under Section 112(l) of the Clean Air Act.
(63.744(b))
2. List of cleaning operations exempt from composition and vapor pressure
requirements. (63.744(e))
Test Methods and Procedures 1. Composition determination through manufacturer's data. (63.750(a))
2. Vapor pressure determination through readily available sources if single
component; ASTM E 260-91 and composite vapor pressure determination
procedure for multiple component solvents. (63.750(b))
Monitoring Requirements.... None.
Recordkeeping Requirements. 1. If complying with composition requirements, name, data/calculations, and
annual volumes. (63.752(b)(2))
2. If complying with vapor pressure limit, the name, vapor pressure, data/
calculations/test results, and monthly volumes. (63.752(b)(3))
3. For noncompliant cleaning solvents used in exempt operations, monthly
volumes by operation, and master list of processes. (63.752(b)(4))
Reporting Requirements..... Semiannual
1. Noncompliant solvent usage. (63.753(b)(1)(ii))
2. New solvents and vapor pressure or composition. (63.753(b)(1)(iii))
Hand-Wipe Cleaning Operations
(cont.)Reporting Requirements
(cont.)
3. Statement certifying everything
is in compliance. (63.753(b)(2))
Spray Gun Cleaning:
Standards.................. 1. Use one of four specified techniques or an equivalent. (63.744(c))
2. For enclosed spray gun cleaners, repair as soon as practicable, but
within 15 days. (63.744(c)(1)(ii))
Test Methods and Procedures None.
Monitoring Requirements.... Visual inspection for leaks at least once per month. (63.751(a))
Recordkeeping Requirements. Record all leaks, including source identification and dates leaks found and
repaired. (63.752(b)(5))
Reporting Requirements..... Semiannual
1. Noncompliant spray gun cleaning method used. (63.753(b)(1)(iii))
2. Leaks of enclosed spray gun cleaners not repaired within 15 days of
detection. (63.753(b)(1)(iv))
3. Statement certifying everything is in compliance. (63.753(b)(1)(v))
Flush Cleaning:
Standards.................. Operating procedures specify emptying into enclosed container, collection
system, or equivalent. (63.744(d)) Flush Cleaning (cont.)
Test Methods and Procedures None.

[[Page 45950]]

Monitoring Requirements.... None.
Recordkeeping Requirements. None.
Reporting Requirements..... Semiannual
Statement certifying everything is in compliance. (63.753(b)(2))
Primer and Topcoat Application
Operations:
Standards.................. Minimize spills during handling and transfer. (63.745(b))
Uncontrolled Primers
1. Organic HAP content limit: 350 g/l (2.9 lb/gal) (less water) as applied.
(63.745(c)(1))
2. VOC content limit: 350 g/l (2.9 lb/gal) (less water and exempt solvents)
as applied. (63.745(c)(2))
3. Achieve compliance through: (1) use coatings below content limits, or
(2) use monthly volume-weighted averaging to meet content limits.
(63.745(e))
Uncontrolled Topcoats
4. Organic HAP content limit: 420 g/l (3.5 lb/gal) (less water) as applied.
(63.745(c)(3))
5. VOC content limit: 420 g/l (3.5 lb/gal) (less water and exempt
solvents). (63.745(c)(4))6.
6. Achieve compliance as in 3. above. (63.745(e))
Controlled Primers and Topcoats
7. If control system is used, must be designed to capture and control all
emissions from the application operation and must achieve an overall
control efficiency of at least 81%. (63.745(d))
All Primers and Topcoats
8. Specific application techniques must be used. If alternative is sought,
can only be used if emissions are less than or equal to HVLP or
electrostatic spray application techniques. (63.745(f)(1))
9. All application equipment must be operated according to manufacturer's
specifications, company procedures, or locally specified operating
procedures. (63.745(f)(2))
10. Exemptions from No. 8 above provided for in certain situations.
(63.745(f)(3))
11. Operating requirements for the application of primers or topcoats that
contain inorganic HAP, including control with either particulate filters
or waterwash, and shutdown if operated outside manufacturer's specified
limits. (63.745(g)(1) through (3))
12. Exemptions from No. 11 provided for certain application operations.
(63.745(g)(4))
Performance Test Periods 1. For ``compliant'' coatings: each 30-day period. For ``averaged''
and Tests. coatings: each 30-day period. For ``controlled'' coatings, non-carbon
adsorber: three 1-hour runs. For ``controlled'' coatings, carbon adsorber:
each rolling period. (63.749(e)(1))
2. Initial performance test for all control devices to demonstrate
compliance with overall control efficiency requirement. (63.749(e)(2))
Test Methods and Procedures 1. Organic HAP level determination procedures. (63.750(c) and (d))
2. VOC level determination procedures. (63.750(e) and (f))
3. Overall control efficiency of carbon adsorber system determined using
provided procedures; for other control devices, determine capture
efficiency and destruction efficiency. For capture efficiency, use
Procedure T in Appendix B to 40 CFR 52.741 for total enclosures and 40 CFR
52.741(a)(4)(iii) procedures for all other enclosures. (63.750(g) and (h))
...........................................................................
4. For alternative application methods, first determine emission levels for
initial 30-day period or five aircraft using only HVLP or electrostatic,
or a time period specified by the permitting agency. Then use alternative
application method for period of time necessary to coat equivalent amount
of parts with same coatings. Alternative application method may be used
when emissions generated during the test period are less than or equal to
the emissions generated during the initial 30-day period or five aircraft.
Dried film thickness must be within specification for initial 30-day
period or five aircraft as demonstrated under actual production
conditions. (63.750(i))
Monitoring Requirements.... 1. Temperature sensors with continuous recorders for incinerators, and
install, calibrate, maintain, and operate temperature monitors according
to manufacturer's specifications. Use CEMS as an alternative. (63.751(b))
2. Continuously monitor pressure drop across filter or water flow rate
through waterwash. (63.751(c))
Recordkeeping Requirements. 1. Name and VOC content for all primers and topcoats. If coating contains
exempt solvents, calculate total HAP content. (63.752(c)(1))
2. For ``compliant'' coatings, organic HAP and VOC contents as applied,
data/calculations or Method 24 used to determine them, and monthly usage.
(63.752(c)(2))
3. For ``low-HAP/VOC'' primers, annual purchase records, and data/
calculations or Method 24 used to determine Hi. (63.752(c)(3))
4. For ``averaged'' coatings, monthly values of VOC content (Ha and Ga),
and data/calculations or Method 24 used to calculate Ha and Ga.
(63.752(c)(4))
5. For ``controlled'' coatings (incinerator), overall control efficiency
and incinerator temperature(s). (63.752(c)(5))
6. For ``controlled'' coatings (carbon adsorber), overall control
efficiency and length of rolling period and all supporting data/
calculations. (63.752(c)(6))
7. Pressure drop across filter or water flow rate through waterwash once
per shift, and acceptable limits. (63.752(d) (1) through (3))
8. For new sources with chromated coatings, documentation that filters meet
multistage or HEPA requirements. (63.752(d)(4))
Reporting Requirements..... Semiannual

[[Page 45951]]

1. All instances where organic HAP/VOC limits were exceeded.
(63.753(c)(1)(i), (ii), and (viii))
2. Control device exceedances (out-of-compliance). (63.753(c)(1)(iii),
(iv), and (v))
3. Periods when operation not immediately shut down due to pressure drop or
water flow rate being outside limits. (63.753(c)(1)(vi))
4. Statement certifying everything is in compliance. (63.753(c)(vii))
Annual
5. Number of times the pressure drop or water flow rate limits were
exceeded. (63.753(c)(2))
Depainting Operations:
Applicability.............. Applies to the outer surface of aerospace vehicles. Does not apply to parts
or units normally removed. Fuselage, wings, and stabilizers always
covered. Radomes, parts normally removed are exempt. (63.746(a))
Standards.................. 1. Unless exempted, no organic HAP are to be emitted from chemical
strippers or softeners. (63.746(b)(1))
2. Minimize inorganic HAP emissions during periods of non-chemical based
equipment malfunction. (63.746(b)(2))
3. Use of organic HAP-containing strippers for spot stripping and decal
removal limited to 26 gallons per aircraft per year for commercial
aircraft and 50 gallons per aircraft per year for military aircraft.
(63.746(b)(3))
4. Operating requirements for depainting operations generating airborne
inorganic HAP, including control with particulate filters or waterwash
systems. Mechanical and hand sanding are exempt. (63.746(b)(4) and (b)(5))
5. Non-exempt organic HAP emissions controlled at 81% efficiency for
systems installed before effective date. For newer systems, control at
95%. (63.746(c))
Performance Test Periods 1. For demonstrating no organic HAP emissions: each 24-hour period.
and Tests. (63.749(g)(1))
2. For spot stripping and decal removal usage limits: each calendar year.
(63.749(g)(1))
3. Initial performance test for all control devices to demonstrate
compliance with overall control efficiency requirement. (63.749 (g)(1),
(g)(2), and (g)(3))
Test Methods and Procedures 1. Procedures provided for determining gallons of HAP-containing stripper
used for aircraft. (63.750(j))

................................. ...........................................................................
2. Overall control efficiency of carbon adsorber system determined using
specified procedures; for other control devices, determine capture
efficiency and destruction efficiency. For capture efficiency, use
Procedure T in Appendix B to 40 CFR 52.741 for total enclosures and 40 CFR
52.741(a)(4)(iii) procedures for all other enclosures. (63.750 (g) and
(h))
Monitoring Requirements.... Continuously monitor pressure drop across filter or water flow rate through
waterwash. (63.751(d))
Recordkeeping Requirements. 1. Name and monthly volume of all organic HAP-containing chemical
strippers. (63.752(e)(1))
2. For controlled chemical strippers (carbon adsorber), overall control
efficiency and length of rolling period and all supporting data/
calculations. (63.752(e)(2))
3. For controlled chemical strippers (other control devices), overall
control efficiency and supporting documentation. (63.752(e)(3))
4. List of parts/assemblies normally removed. (63.752(e)(4))
Recordkeeping Requirements. 5. For non-chemical based equipment, name and type, and malfunction
information including dates, description, and alternative methods used.
(63.752(e)(5))
6. For spot stripping and decal removal, annual volume used, annual average
volume per aircraft, and all data/calculations used to calculate volume
per aircraft. (63.752(e)(6))
7. Pressure drop across filter or water flow rate through waterwash once
per shift and acceptable limits. (63.752(e)(7))

Reporting Requirements..... Semiannual
1. 24-hour periods where organic HAP were emitted from depainting
operations in violation of rule. (63.753(d)(1)(i))
2. New and reformulated chemical strippers and HAP contents.
(63.753(d)(1)(ii), (iii), and (iv))
3. New non-chemical based depainting techniques. (63.753(d)(1)(v))
4. Malfunction information on non-chemical based techniques including
dates, description, and alternative methods used. (63.753(d)(1)(vi))
5. Periods when operation not immediately shut down due to pressure drop or
water flow rate being outside limits. (63.753(d)(1)(vii))
6. List of new/discontinued aircraft models and, for new models, list of
parts normally removed for depainting. (63.753(d)(1)(viii))
7. Organic HAP control device exceedances. (63.753(d)(3))
8. Statement certifying everything is in compliance. (63.753(d)(2)(ii))
Annual
9. Exceedances of average annual volume limits for spot stripping and decal
removal. (63.753(d)(2)(i))
10. Number of times the pressure drop or water flow rate limits were
exceeded. (63.753(d)(2)(iii))
Chemical Milling Maskant Applica-
tion Operations:
Applicability.............. Applies only to operations using Type II chemical milling etchants.
(63.747(a))
Standards.................. Minimize spills during handling and transfer. (63.747(b))
Uncontrolled Maskants

[[Page 45952]]

1. Organic HAP emissions: 160 g/l (1.3 lb/gal) (less water) as
applied. (63.747(c)(1))
2. VOC emissions: 160 g/l (1.3 lb/gal) (less water and exempt
solvents) as applied. (63.747(c)(2))
3. Achieve compliance through: (1) use maskants below content limits, or
(2) use monthly volume-weighted averaging to meet content limits.
(63.747(e))
Controlled Maskants
4. If control device is used, system must be designed to capture and
control all emissions from maskant operation and must achieve an overall
control efficiency of at least 81% for systems installed before effective
date. For new systems, control at 95%. (63.747(d))
Performance Test Periods 1. For compliant maskants: each 30-day period. For averaged maskants: each
and Tests. 30-day period. For controlled coatings, carbon adsorber: each rolling
period.
For controlled coatings, non-carbon adsorber: three 1-hour runs.
(63.749(i)(1))
2. Initial performance test required for all control devices to demonstrate
compliance with overall control efficiency requirement. (63.749 (i)(2) and
(i)(3))
Test Methods and Procedures Procedures provided essentially identical to those for primers and topcoats
for organic HAP and VOC content levels. (63.750 (g), (h), and (k)-(n))
Monitoring Requirements.... Same as for primers and topcoats if incinerators are used. (63.751(b))
Recordkeeping Requirements. Same as for primers and topcoats. (63.752(f))
Reporting Requirements..... Semiannual
1. Exceedances of organic HAP/VOC limits. (63.753(e)(1), (2) and (7))
2. Control device exceedances (out of compliance). (63.753(e)(3))
3. New maskants. (63.753(e)(4))
4. New control devices. (63.753(e)(5))
5. Everything is in compliance. (63.753(e)(6))
Waste Handling and Storage
Operations:
Standards.................. Minimize spills during handling and transfer. (63.748)
Test Methods and Procedures None.
Monitoring Requirements.... None.
Recordkeeping Requirements. None.
Reporting Requirements..... None.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a The EPA promulgated regulations for subpart A of 40 CFR part 63, which were published in the Federal Register
on March 16, 1994 at 59 FR 12408.

Section 114(a)(3) of the Act requires enhanced monitoring and
compliance certifications of all major stationary sources. The annual
compliance certifications certify whether compliance has been
continuous or intermittent. Enhanced monitoring shall be capable of
detecting deviations from each applicable emission limitation or
standard with sufficient representativeness, accuracy, precision,
reliability, frequency, and timeliness to determine if compliance is
continuous during a reporting period. The monitoring in this regulation
satisfies the requirements of enhanced monitoring.
Owners or operators of all commercial, civil, or military aerospace
original equipment manufacturing (OEM) and rework operations with an
initial startup date before September 1, 1998 that are subject to the
emission standards are required to achieve compliance with the control
requirements of the standards within 3 years from September 1, 1995.
Owners or operators of new commercial, civil, or military aerospace OEM
and rework operations with initial startup after September 1, 1998 will
be required to comply with all requirements upon startup.

II. Summary of Considerations in Developing the Rule

A. Purpose of Regulation

The Act was developed, in part,

to protect and enhance the quality of the Nation's air resources so
as to promote the public health and welfare and the productive
capacity of its population [the Act, section 101(b)(1)].

Aerospace facilities are major sources of HAP emissions. The HAP listed
in Section 112(b)(1) emitted by aerospace facilities that would be
covered by this final rule include, chromium, cadmium, methylene
chloride, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, ethylene glycol and
glycol ethers. All of these pollutants can cause reversible or
irreversible toxic effects following exposure. The range of adverse
health effects include cancer and a number of other chronic health
disorders (e.g., aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, pernicious anemia,
pulmonary (lung) structural changes) and a number of acute health
disorders (e.g., dyspnea (difficulty in breathing) upper respiratory
tract irritation with cough, conjunctivitis, neurotoxic effects (e.g.,
visual blurring, tremors, delirium, unconsciousness, coma,
convulsions). These adverse health effects are associated with a wide
range of ambient concentrations and exposure times and are influenced
by source-specific characteristics such as emission rates and local
meteorological conditions. Health impacts are also dependent on
multiple factors that affect human variability such as genetics, age,
health status (e.g., the presence of pre-existing disease) and
lifestyle.

B. Summary of Impacts

These standards will reduce nationwide emissions of HAP from at
least 2,869 major source aerospace manufacturing and rework facilities
by approximately 112,600 Mg (123,700 tons), or 59 percent, in 1998
compared to the emissions that would occur in the absence of the
standards. No significant adverse secondary air, water, solid waste, or
energy impacts are anticipated

[[Page 45953]]
from the promulgation of these standards.
Capital costs will be incurred due to implementation of the
required control measures. The EPA performed a capital equipment cost
analysis based on a 15-year equipment life and a 7 percent annual
interest rate, and calculated annualized capital costs for equipment
expenditures. It is estimated that implementation of this regulation
will result in nationwide annual operating and equipment costs for
existing aerospace manufacturing and rework facilities of $15.3 million
for control of hand-wipe and flush cleaning, $164 million for solvent-
based chemical milling maskants controlled by a carbon adsorber, $146
million for water-reducible chemical milling maskants, $622 million for
depainting with dry media blasting (or a net savings of $38.8 million
if all affected sources use chemical strippers that contain no organic
HAP), $2.3 million for control of inorganic HAP emissions from primer
and topcoat spray application, and $7.8 million for control of
inorganic HAP emissions from blast depainting operations.
Total nationwide annual costs, depending on the specific mix of
control options chosen, are estimated to range from a net savings of
$49.2 million per year to a net cost of $660 million per year. The
higher cost figure shown reflects a scenario in which all affected
sources use blast depainting methods rather than chemical strippers
that contain no organic HAP. However, due to the high capital cost of
blast depainting equipment, very few facilities are expected to use
this option other than those that already own the equipment. Therefore,
the EPA anticipates the total annual cost of the final rule to be
approximately $21 million.

III. Significant Changes to the Proposed Standards

A. Public Participation

Throughout the rulemaking process, the EPA sought and received
information and views from a broad representation of the public on all
aspects of the regulation. On May 4 and 5, July 20 and 21, and October
5 and 6, 1993, and March 7 and 8, 1995, public meetings were held to
discuss results of the Agency's analysis of control options and
associated impacts.
The standards were proposed and the preamble was published in the
Federal Register on June 6, 1994 (59 FR 29216). The preamble to the
proposed standards discussed the availability of the regulatory text
and proposal BID, which described the regulatory alternatives
considered and the impacts of those alternatives. Public comments were
solicited at the time of proposal, and copies of the regulatory text
and BID were distributed to interested parties. Electronic versions of
the preamble, regulation, and BID were made available to interested
parties via the EPA's TTN (see ADDRESSES section of this preamble).
To provide interested persons the opportunity for oral presentation
of data, views, and arguments concerning the proposed standards, a
public hearing was offered at proposal. A public hearing was requested
and was held August 15, 1994. Eleven industry sources presented
comments at the hearing. The public comment period extended from June
6, 1994 to September 15, 1994.
In addition to the original proposal, the EPA also requested
supplemental information and comment in a Federal Register notice on
November 22, 1994 (59 FR 60101). The issues on which additional
information was solicited included the level of control for chemical
depainting operations, applicability to general aviation facilities,
VOC and HAP content of exterior primers for commercial aircraft, the
rolling material balance period for proposed EPA Method 309, regulation
of chemical milling maskants used with Type I etchants, use of HEPA
filters to control inorganic HAP emissions from primer and topcoat
application operations, and reduced recordkeeping requirements for
facilities using a 2.1 lb/gal or lower organic HAP content primer.

B. Comments on the Proposed Standards

Comments on the proposed standards and the November 22, 1994 notice
were received from 57 commenters composed mainly of States,
environmental groups, control device vendors, industry, and trade
associations. Most of the 80 comment letters contained multiple
comments. A detailed discussion of these comments and responses can be
found in the promulgation BID, which is referred to in the ADDRESSES
section of this preamble. The summary of comments and responses in the
BID served as the basis for the revisions that have been made to the
standards between proposal and promulgation. The comments have been
divided into the following areas:
(1) Clarification of and additions to rule applicability and
exemptions.
(2) Identification of the specialty coatings that are exempt from
the rule.
(3) Exemption of non-HAP, non-VOC cleaning solvents from the rule
requirements.
(4) Addition of organic HAP and VOC limitations for self-priming
topcoats.
(5) Addition of a low-usage exemption for non-compliant primers,
topcoats, and chemical milling maskants.
(6) Acceptable primer/topcoat application techniques.
(7) New source MACT for inorganic HAP control for application of
chromium-containing coatings.
(8) Operating procedures for coating application equipment and
inorganic HAP control systems.
(9) Monitoring requirements for organic or inorganic HAP control
systems.
(10) Addition of organic HAP emission control requirements for HAP-
containing chemical strippers used in depainting operations.
(11) Deletion of 99 percent control requirement and EPA Method 5
test requirement for non-chemical based depainting operations.
(12) Deletion of waste storage provision for non-RCRA HAP-
containing waste because it was a duplication of RCRA requirements.
(13) Reduction in recordkeeping for exempt cleaning solvent usage
from daily to monthly.

C. Significant Changes

Several changes have been made to these standards since the time
they were proposed to the public. The majority of the changes have been
made to clarify portions of the rule that were unclear to the
commenters. Other changes to the rule were made after reviewing the
data and arguments submitted by commenters. A summary of the major
changes is presented below.
(1) To clarify the coverage of the NESHAP and to respond to
comments requesting additional exemptions for specialized operations,
several changes have been made to the rule. While major HAP sources
containing any degree of aerospace activity are still covered,
Sec. 63.741 now explicitly states that only aerospace operations at
these facilities are covered. This section also now clarifies that
vehicles designed to operate outside the limit of the earth's
atmosphere will not be covered. Further, only parts and assemblies of
aerospace vehicles that are critical to structural integrity or flight
performance are regulated. (This excludes non-flight items such as tray
tables, etc.) Additional items and processes exempted from the final
rule include aircraft transparencies, electronic parts and assemblies,
research and development activities as identified in

[[Page 45954]]
Section 112(c)(7), and wastewater treatment operations. These items
were exempted because they are currently regulated under an existing
EPA regulation or will be covered in a separate NESHAP.
Comments were received requesting that cleaning solvents containing
no HAP or VOC be exempted from the housekeeping and composition
requirements of the standard for cleaning operations. The EPA agrees
that these formulations should not be covered and has exempted them
from the rule.
The inorganic HAP control requirements will not be applicable to
the painting of non-operational vehicles and components meant for
display purposes. Additional exemptions will be granted for the
painting of specific parts that the permitting authority (through a 40
CFR part 70 permit) has determined cannot be painted in a spray booth.
The EPA has deleted the proposed exemption cutoff of 4 ft \2\/vehicle
for touch-up painting and spot stripping with chemical based paint
removers, due to the difficulty of determining the exact surface areas
processed on vehicles within a facility. In lieu of the exemption, a
more specific definition of touch-up and repair painting has been
adopted such that these operations will be easily identifiable.
Hand and mechanical sanding depainting operations have been
specifically deleted from the inorganic HAP control requirements for
non-chemical depainting.
For chemical milling maskant operations, the rule will continue to
cover only those maskants used in Type II etchants (Type I operations
exempted). The data and information received indicate that compliant
maskants are not suitable for use in the Type I etchants. Touch-up
maskants are also now excluded from coverage by the rule. The control
techniques guideline (CTG) for aerospace operations will address all
exempted maskants.
(2) Several commenters requested that the EPA clarify which
specialty coatings would be exempt from the NESHAP requirements, and
also asked that definitions be provided in the final rule. The EPA has
added Appendix B to the rule, which includes definitions for the
principal specialty coatings that have been identified. The aerospace
control techniques guideline (CTG) under development by the EPA will
contain recommended VOC content limits for these coatings.
(3) The housekeeping, composition, and vapor pressure requirements
of the cleaning operations standard will now not apply to cleaning
solvents that do not contain any HAP or VOC. This change will clarify
that non-polluting cleaners, such as plain water, will not be subject
to these requirements.
(4) Self-priming topcoats have been added as a distinct subcategory
of topcoats with their own HAP and VOC content limits (which are the
same as for general topcoats). Commenters were concerned that the
technology for these coatings could proceed at a different rate than
for other topcoats, necessitating that different limits be set for the
two classes of topcoats.
(5) The EPA has added a low-usage exemption to Sec. 63.741 for non-
compliant primers, topcoats, and maskants. This is expected to relieve
the burden on facilities that have small usage requirements for certain
non-compliant coatings that are not already exempted as ``specialty
coatings.'' This exemption allows an annual use of up to 189 l (50 gal)
per separate formulation, with a combined facility cap of 757 l (200
gal) per year.
(6) Electrodeposition dip coating, a high transfer efficiency
coating process, has been added to the list of acceptable application
techniques in Sec. 63.745. Additional techniques now deemed acceptable
due to the difficulty of control and to their very small emissions are
cotton-tipped swab application, certain airbrush applications, and use
of hand-held spray (aerosol) cans.
(7) Data available on advanced filtration techniques indicate that
the new source MACT control level for application of chromium-
containing coatings consists of either a 3-stage filter system, high
efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, or approved equivalent
control. These control technologies will be required for spray
application of chromium-containing coatings at new facilities.
(8) The proposal contained a requirement to operate coating
application equipment and inorganic HAP control equipment (dry filters
and waterwash systems) according to the manufacturer's specifications.
To respond to comments that many manufacturers' instructions are not
complete, the EPA has revised these provisions to also allow use of
either the facility's own procedures or local specified operating
procedures. Dry filter systems will be exempt from the requirement for
a startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan. Any painting equipment
modified by the facility must maintain a transfer efficiency equivalent
to HVLP and electrostatic spray equipment.
(9) The proposed monitoring requirement for incinerators in
Sec. 63.751 has been revised in response to comments to allow the
alternative of a CEMS in addition to the proposed requirement for a
temperature monitor. The requirement to monitor the pressure drop
across waterwash particulate control systems has been deleted because
this would not provide an indication of performance. Instead, a means
of continuously monitoring the water flow rate must be installed on the
system and operated during paint application or removal operations.
Once per operating shift, the operator must record the flow rate and
perform a visual check of the continuity and flow characteristics of
the water curtain, and then shut down the operation immediately if
problems are noted and take corrective action before restarting the
operation. Alternative monitoring methods may be approved if the source
is infrequently operated or the alternative provides a sufficiently
accurate indication of performance.
(10) A provision has been added to the final rule that allows the
use of chemical strippers containing HAP when the emissions are reduced
by the use of a control system (such as a carbon adsorber). Control
systems installed before September 1, 1995 will be required to reduce
HAP and VOC emissions by 81 percent or greater. Systems installed on or
after this date must achieve a control efficiency of 95 percent or
greater. These percentage reductions take into account capture and
destruction or removal efficiencies, as well as the volume of chemical
stripper used (i.e., a reduction in stripper usage from baseline levels
will be counted as a credit in determining the effective control
efficiency of the control system).
(11) The proposal contained a 99 percent particulate control
requirement for dry filter systems used to control inorganic HAP
emissions from depainting. Several commenters took issue with the basis
for this requirement. The proposal to use EPA Method 5 to verify
compliance with the requirement was also disputed on the basis that the
effluent grain loading from these filter systems cannot be measured.
The EPA agrees with these arguments and has deleted both the 99 percent
requirement and the use of Method 5. Work practice standards have been
substituted for these requirements which include maintaining the system
in good working order, installing a differential pressure gauge across
the filter media, and replacing the media when the pressure drop is
outside of the manufacturer's recommended limits.

[[Page 45955]]

(12) In response to numerous comments that the proposed requirement
to store all HAP-containing waste in closed containers was duplicative
in light of existing RCRA requirements, the EPA has deleted this
provision. However, the ``housekeeping'' provision requiring handling
of waste so as to minimize spills has been retained in Sec. 63.748.
(13) In response to comments, the records pertaining to non-
compliant cleaning solvents used in the specified exempt cleaning
operations now need not list the parts and assemblies cleaned, but only
the exempt processes where these solvents were used.
Three additional issues are being addressed in a supplemental
rulemaking. They include an expanded emissions averaging scheme that
would encompass topcoats, primers and maskants; inorganic particulate
controls; and emission limitations for certain maskants which were
originally exempt from the proposed NESHAP. Additionally, EPA is
working with the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD)
and Region IX to ensure that this regulation does not interfere with
SCAQMD's volatile organic compound trading program. Any revisions to
Aerospace NESHAP that may be required to mesh the regulation with the
trading program will also be included in the supplemental rulemaking.
The proposal for the supplemental notice should appear in the Federal
Register no later than November, 1995.
IV. Administrative Requirements

A. Docket

The docket is an organized and complete file of all of the
information submitted to or otherwise considered by the EPA in the
development of this rulemaking. The docket is a dynamic file, since
material is added throughout the rulemaking development. The docketing
system is intended to allow members of the public and industries
involved to readily identify and locate documents so that they can
effectively participate in the rulemaking process. Along with the
statement of basis and purpose of the proposed and promulgated
standards and the EPA responses to significant comments, the contents
of the docket will serve as the record in case of judicial review
(except for interagency review materials) [section 307(d)(7)(A) of the
Act].

B. Paperwork Reduction Act

The information collection requirements contained in this rule have
been approved by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) under the
provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. and
have been assigned OMB control number (2060-0341). An Information
Collection Request (ICR) document has been prepared by the EPA (ICR No.
1687.02) to reflect the changed information requirements of the final
rule.
This collection of information has an estimated reporting burden
per affected facility of about 73 hours for the first year. In
subsequent years, the burden will be approximately 55 hours per
affected facility. These burden estimates include time for reviewing
instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and
maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the
collection of information.
Send comments regarding the burden estimate or any other aspect of
this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this
burden, to Director, Regulatory Information Division; U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (Mail code 2136); 401 M Street, SW.,
Washington, DC 20460; and to the Office of Information and Regulatory
Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, Washington, DC 20503, marked
``Attention: Desk Officer for EPA.''

C. Executive Order 12866

Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735 (October 4, 1993)), the
EPA is required to determine whether a regulation is ``significant''
and therefore subject to OMB review and the requirements of this
Executive Order to prepare a regulatory impact analysis (RIA). The
Order defines ``significant regulatory action'' as one that is likely
to result in a rule that may: (1) Have an annual effect on the economy
of $100 million or more, or adversely affect in a material way the
economy, a sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the
environment, public health or safety, or State, local, or tribal
governments or communities; (2) create a serious inconsistency or
otherwise interfere with an action taken or planned by another agency;
(3) materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, user
fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients
thereof; or (4) raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in
the Executive Order.
Pursuant to the terms of Executive Order 12866, it has been
determined that this rule is a ``significant regulatory action'' within
the meaning of the Executive Order.

D. Regulatory Flexibility Act

The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires the
EPA to consider potential impacts of regulations on small business
``entities.'' If a preliminary analysis indicates that a regulation
would have a significant economic impact on 20 percent or more of small
entities, a regulatory flexibility analysis must be prepared. Since the
final rule applies only to major sources as defined in section 112(a)
of the Act, the EPA certifies that there will not be a significant
impact on a substantial number of small entities. Consequently, a
regulatory flexibility analysis is not required and has not been
prepared.

E. Regulatory Review

In accordance with sections 112(d)(6) and 112(f)(2) of the Act,
this regulation will be reviewed within 8 years from the date of
promulgation. This review may include an assessment of such factors as
evaluation of the residual health risk, any overlap with other
programs, the existence of alternative methods of control,
enforceability, improvements in emission control technology and health
data, and the recordkeeping and reporting requirements.

F. Unfunded Mandate Act

The economic impact analysis performed prior to proposal showed
that the economic impacts from implementation of the proposed standards
would not be ``significant'' as defined in Executive Order 12866 (see
Section IV.C). No changes have been made to the proposed rule that
would increase the economic impacts to a level that would be considered
significant.
This final rule is estimated to result in a total cost of $21
million per year, however, expenditures by State, local, and tribal
governments or the private sector are estimated at more than $100
million in any one year. The lower costs are the result of the savings
incurred by the pollution prevention measures used as the basis for the
rule.
The Agency has prepared the following statement of impact to be
considered in response to the requirements of the Unfunded Mandates
Act.
There are no federal funds available to assist State, local, and
tribal governments in meeting these costs. There are important benefits
from VOC and HAP emission reductions because these compounds have
significant, adverse impacts on human health and welfare and on the
environment. The rule does not have any disproportionate budgetary
effects on any particular region of the nation, any State, local, or

[[Page 45956]]
tribal government, or urban or rural or other type of community. On the
contrary, the rule will result in only a minimal increase in the
average product rates (less than 1 percent). Moreover, the rule will
not have a material effect on the national economy.
Prior to issuing this rule, the EPA provided numerous opportunities
(e.g. public comment period; public hearing; Roundtable meetings with
industry, trade associations, state and local air pollution
representatives; environmental groups; State, local, and tribal
governments; and concerned citizens) for consultation with interested
parties. In general, State and local environmental agencies advocated
that EPA adopt more stringent environmental controls. The Agency
evaluated the comments and concerns, and the final rule reflects, to
the extent consistent with section 112 of the Act, those comments and
concerns. While small governments are not significantly or uniquely
affected by the rule, these procedures, as well as additional public
conferences and meetings, gave small governments an opportunity to give
meaningful and timely input and obtain information, education, and
advice on compliance.
The Agency considered several regulatory options in developing the
rule. The options selected in the final rule are the least costly and
least burdensome alternatives currently available for achieving the
objectives of section 112 of the Act. The cost effectiveness for this
regulation is $170 per ton and all but one of the regulatory options
selected are based on pollution prevention measures. Finally, after
careful consideration of the costs, the environmental impacts and the
comments, the Agency decided that the MACT floor was the appropriate
level of control for this regulation.

List of Subjects

40 CFR Part 9

Environmental protection, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

40 CFR Part 63

Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Hazardous
substances, Incorporation by reference, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.

Dated: July 31, 1995.
Carol M. Browner,
Administrator.

For reasons set out in the preamble, parts 9 and 63 of title 40,
chapter I, of the Code of Federal Regulations are amended as follows:

PART 9--[AMENDED]

1. The authority citation for part 9 continues to read as follows:

Authority: 7 U.S.C. 135 et seq., 136-136y; 15 U.S.C. 2001, 2003,
2005, 2006, 2601-2671; 21 U.S.C 331j, 346a, 348; 31 U.S.C. 9701; 33
U.S.C. 1251 et seq., 1311, 1313d, 1314, 1321, 1326, 1330, 1344, 1345
(d) and (e), 1361; E.O. 11735, 38 FR 21243, 3 CFR 1971-1975 Comp.,
p. 973; 42 U.S.C. 241, 242b, 243, 246, 300f, 300g, 300g-1, 300g-2,
300g-3, 300g-4, 300g-5, 300g-6, 300j-1, 300j-2, 300j-3, 300j-4,
300j-9, 1857 et seq., 6901-6992k, 7401-7671q, 7542, 9601-9657,
11023, 11048.

2. Section 9.1 is amended by adding a new entry to the table under
the indicated heading to read as follows:
Sec. 9.1 OMB approvals under the Paperwork Reduction Act.

* * * * *

40 CFR citation OMB control No.

* * * *
* * *
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants for Source Categories..............
* * * *
* * *
63.752-63.753 2060-0341

* * * *
* * *

PART 63--[AMENDED]

3. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as follows:

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.

4. Part 63 is amended by adding a new subpart GG consisting of
Secs. 63.740 through 63.759 to read as follows:

Subpart GG--National Emission Standards for Aerospace Manufacturing and
Rework Facilities

Sec.
63.741 Applicability and designation of affected sources.
63.742 Definitions.
63.743 Standards: General.
63.744 Standards: Cleaning operations.
63.745 Standards: Primer and topcoat application operations.
63.746 Standards: Depainting operations.
63.747 Standards: Chemical milling maskant application operations.
63.748 Standards: Handling and storage of waste.
63.749 Compliance dates and determinations.
63.750 Test methods and procedures.
63.751 Monitoring requirements.
63.752 Recordkeeping requirements.
63.753 Reporting requirements.
63.754-63.759 Reserved.

SUBPART GG--NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR AEROSPACE MANUFACTURING
AND REWORK FACILITIES

Sec. 63.741 Applicability and designation of affected sources.

(a) This subpart applies to facilities that are engaged, either in
part or in whole, in the manufacture or rework of commercial, civil, or
military aerospace vehicles or components and that are major sources as
defined in Sec. 63.2.
(b) The owner or operator of an affected source shall comply with
the requirements of this subpart and of subpart A of this part, except
as specified in Sec. 63.743(a).
(c) Affected sources. The affected sources to which the provisions
of this subpart apply are specified in Sec. 63.741(c)(1) through (6).
The activities subject to this subpart are limited to the manufacture
or rework of aerospace vehicles or components as defined in this
subpart, except for requirements pertaining to cleaning solvents.
Paragraphs (c)(2) through (c)(6) of this section are not applicable to
non-aerospace activities.
(1) Each cleaning operation as follows:
(i) All hand-wipe cleaning operations constitute an affected
source.
(ii) Each spray gun cleaning operation constitutes an affected
source.
(iii) All flush cleaning operations constitute an affected source.
(2) Each primer application operation, which is the total of all
primer applications at the facility.
(3) Each topcoat application operation, which is the total of all
topcoat applications at the facility.
(4) Each depainting operation, which is the total of all depainting
at the facility.
(5) Each chemical milling maskant application operation, which is
the total of all chemical milling maskant applications at the facility.

[[Page 45957]]

(6) Each waste storage and handling operation, which is the total
of all waste handling and storage at the facility.
(d) An owner or operator of an affected source subject to this
subpart shall obtain an operating permit from the permitting authority
in the State in which the source is located. The owner or operator
shall apply for and obtain such permit in accordance with the
regulations contained in part 70 of this chapter and in applicable
State regulations.
(e) All wastes that are determined to be hazardous wastes under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (PL 94-580) (RCRA) as
implemented by 40 CFR parts 260 and 261, and that are subject to RCRA
requirements as implemented in 40 CFR parts 262 through 268, are exempt
from the requirements of this subpart.
(f) This subpart does not contain control requirements for use of
specialty coatings, adhesives, adhesive bonding primers, or sealants at
aerospace facilities. It also does not regulate research and
development, quality control, and laboratory testing activities,
chemical milling, metal finishing, electrodeposition (except for
electrodeposition of paints), composites processing (except for
cleaning and coating of composite parts or components that become part
of an aerospace vehicle or component as well as composite tooling that
comes in contact with such composite parts or components prior to
cure), electronic parts and assemblies (except for cleaning and
topcoating of completed assemblies), manufacture of aircraft
transparencies, and wastewater operations at aerospace facilities.
These requirements also do not apply to parts and assemblies not
critical to the vehicle's structural integrity or flight performance or
to vehicles that are designed to travel beyond the limit of the earth's
atmosphere. The requirements of this subpart also do not apply to
primers, topcoats, chemical milling maskants, strippers, and cleaning
solvents containing HAP or VOC at a concentration less than 0.1% for
carcinogens or 1.0% for noncarcinogens, as determined from
manufacturer's representations. Additional specific exemptions from
regulatory coverage are set forth in Sec. 63.741(e), .744(a)(1), (b),
(e), .745(a), (f)(3), (g)(4), .746(a), (b)(5), .747(c)(3), and .749(d).
(g) The requirements for primers, topcoats, and chemical milling
maskants in Sec. 63.745 and Sec. 63.747 do not apply to the use of low-
volume coatings in these categories for which the annual total of each
separate formulation used at a facility does not exceed 189 l (50 gal),
and the combined annual total of all such primers, topcoats, and
chemical milling maskants used at a facility does not exceed 757 l (200
gal). Primers and topcoats exempted under paragraph (f) of this section
and under Sec. 63.745(f)(3) and (g)(4) are not included in the 50 and
200 gal limits. Chemical milling maskants exempted under
Sec. 63.747(c)(3) are also not included in these limits.

Sec. 63.742 Definitions.
Terms used in this subpart are defined in the Act, in subpart A of
this part, or in this section as follows:
Aerospace facility means any facility that produces, reworks, or
repairs in any amount any commercial, civil, or military aerospace
vehicle or component.
Aerospace vehicle or component means any fabricated part, processed
part, assembly of parts, or completed unit, with the exception of
electronic components, of any aircraft including but not limited to
airplanes, helicopters, missiles, rockets, and space vehicles.
Aircraft fluid systems means those systems that handle hydraulic
fluids, fuel, cooling fluids, or oils.
Aircraft transparency means the aircraft windshield, which is
typically constructed of laminated layers of glass and other
transparent materials.
Carbon adsorber means one vessel in a series of vessels in a carbon
adsorption system that contains carbon and is used to remove gaseous
pollutants from a gaseous emission source.
Carbon Adsorber control efficiency means the total efficiency of
the control system, determined by the product of the capture efficiency
and the control device efficiency.
Chemical milling maskant means a coating that is applied directly
to aluminum components to protect surface areas when chemical milling
the component with a Type II etchant. This does not include maskants
used with Type I etchants, bonding maskants, line sealers, and critical
use and seal coat maskants. Additionally, maskants that must be used on
an individual part or subassembly with a combination of Type II
etchants and any of the above types of maskants (e.g. Type I
compatible, bonding, line sealers, and critical use and seal coat) are
also exempt from this subpart.
Chemical milling maskant application operation means application of
chemical milling maskant for use in Type II chemical milling etchants.
Cleaning operation means collectively spray gun, hand-wipe, and
flush cleaning operations.
Cleaning solvent means a liquid material used for hand-wipe, spray
gun, or flush cleaning. This definition does not include solutions that
contain no HAP or VOC.
Coating means a material that is applied to the surface of an
aerospace vehicle or component to form a decorative or functional solid
film, or the solid film itself.
Coating operation means the use of a spray booth, tank, or other
enclosure or any area, such as a hangar, for the application of a
single type of coating (e.g., primer); the use of the same spray booth
for the application of another type of coating (e.g., topcoat)
constitutes a separate coating operation for which compliance
determinations are performed separately.
Coating unit means a series of one or more coating applicators and
any associated drying area and/or oven wherein a coating is applied,
dried, and/or cured. A coating unit ends at the point where the coating
is dried or cured, or prior to any subsequent application of a
different coating. It is not necessary to have an oven or flashoff area
in order to be included in this definition.
Confined space means a space that: (1) Is large enough and so
configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work;
(2) has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for example,
fuel tanks, fuel vessels, and other spaces that have limited means of
entry); and (3) is not suitable for continuous employee occupancy.
Control device means destruction and/or recovery equipment used to
destroy or recover HAP or VOC emissions generated by a regulated
operation.
Control system means a combination of pollutant capture system(s)
and control device(s) used to reduce discharge to the atmosphere of HAP
or VOC emissions generated by a regulated operation.
Depainting means the removal of a permanent coating from the outer
surface of an aerospace vehicle or component, whether by chemical or
non-chemical means. For non-chemical means, this definition excludes
hand and mechanical sanding, and any other non-chemical removal
processes that do not involve blast media or other mechanisms that
would result in airborne particle movement at high velocity.
Depainting operation means the use of a chemical agent, media
blasting, or any other technique to remove permanent coatings from the
outer surface of an aerospace vehicle or components. The depainting
operation

[[Page 45958]]
includes washing of the aerospace vehicle or component to remove
residual stripper, media, or coating residue.
Electrodeposition of paint means the application of a coating using
a water-based electrochemical bath process. The component being coated
is immersed in a bath of the coating. An electric potential is applied
between the component and an oppositely charged electrode hanging in
the bath. The electric potential causes the ionized coating to be
electrically attracted, migrated, and deposited on the component being
coated.
Electrostatic spray means a method of applying a spray coating in
which an electrical charge is applied to the coating and the substrate
is grounded. The coating is attracted to the substrate by the
electrostatic potential between them.
Exempt solvent means specified organic compounds that have been
determined by the EPA to have negligible photochemical reactivity and
are listed in 40 CFR 51.100.
Flush cleaning means the removal of contaminants such as dirt,
grease, oil, and coatings from an aerospace vehicle or component or
coating equipment by passing solvent over, into, or through the item
being cleaned. The solvent may simply be poured into the item being
cleaned and then drained, or be assisted by air or hydraulic pressure,
or by pumping. Hand-wipe cleaning operations where wiping, scrubbing,
mopping, or other hand action are used are not included.
Hand-wipe cleaning operation means the removal of contaminants such
as dirt, grease, oil, and coatings from an aerospace vehicle or
component by physically rubbing it with a material such as a rag,
paper, or cotton swab that has been moistened with a cleaning solvent.
Hazardous air pollutant (HAP) means any air pollutant listed in or
pursuant to section 112(b) of the Act.
High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter means a filter that
has a 99.97 percent reduction efficiency for 0.3 micron aerosol.
High volume low pressure (HVLP) spray equipment means spray
equipment that is used to apply coating by means of a spray gun that
operates at 10.0 psig or less at the air cap and a fluid delivery
pressure of 100 psig or less.
Inorganic hazardous air pollutant (HAP) means any HAP that is not
organic.
Leak means any visible leakage, including misting and clouding.
Limited access space means internal surfaces or passages of an
aerospace vehicle or component that cannot be reached without the aid
of an airbrush or a spray gun extension for the application of
coatings.
Mechanical sanding means aerospace vehicle or component surface
conditioning which uses directional and random orbital abrasive tools
and aluminum oxide or nylon abrasive pads for the purpose of corrosion
rework, substrate repair, prepaint surface preparation, and other
maintenance activities.
Natural draft opening means any opening in a room, building, or
total enclosure that remains open during operation of the facility and
that is not connected to a duct in which a fan is installed. The rate
and direction of the natural draft through such an opening is a
consequence of the difference in pressures on either side of the wall
containing the opening.
Non-chemical based depainting equipment means any depainting
equipment or technique, including, but not limited to, media blasting
equipment, that can depaint an aerospace vehicle or component in the
absence of a chemical stripper. This definition does not include
mechanical sanding or hand sanding.
Nonregenerative carbon adsorber means a carbon adsorber vessel in
which the spent carbon bed does not undergo carbon regeneration in the
adsorption vessel.
Operating parameter value means a minimum or maximum value
established for a control device or process parameter which, if
achieved by itself or in combination with one or more other operating
parameter values, determines that an owner or operator has complied
with an applicable emission limitation.
Organic hazardous air pollutant (HAP) means any HAP that is
organic.
Primer means the first layer and any subsequent layers of
identically formulated coating applied to the surface of an aerospace
vehicle or component. Primers are typically used for corrosion
prevention, protection from the environment, functional fluid
resistance, and adhesion of subsequent coatings. Coatings that are
defined as specialty coatings are not included under this definition.
Radome means the non-metallic protective housing for
electromagnetic transmitters and receivers (e.g., radar, electronic
countermeasures, etc.).
Research and Development means an operation whose primary purpose
is for research and development of new processes and products, that is
conducted under the close supervision of technically trained personnel,
and is not involved in the manufacture of final or intermediate
products for commerical purposes, except in a de mimnimis manner.
Self-priming topcoat means a topcoat that is applied directly to an
uncoated aerospace vehicle or component for purposes of corrosion
prevention, environmental protection, and functional fluid resistance.
More than one layer of identical coating formulation may be applied to
the vehicle or component. The coating is not subsequently topcoated
with any other product formulation.
Semi-aqueous cleaning solvent means a solution in which water is a
primary ingredient (" 60 percent of the solvent solution as applied
must be water.)
Softener means a liquid that is applied to an aerospace vehicle or
component to degrade coatings such as primers and topcoats specifically
as a preparatory step to subsequent depainting by non-chemical based
depainting equipment. Softeners may contain VOC but shall not contain
any HAP as determined from MSDS's or manufacturer supplied information.
Solids means the non-volatile portion of the coating which after
drying makes up the dry film.
Space vehicle means a man-made device, either manned or unmanned,
designed for operation beyond earth's atmosphere. This definition
includes integral equipment such as models, mock-ups, prototypes,
molds, jigs, tooling, hardware jackets, and test coupons. Also included
is auxiliary equipment associated with test, transport, and storage,
which through contamination can compromise the space vehicle
performance.
Specialty coating means a coating that, even though it meets the
definition of a primer, topcoat, or self-priming topcoat, has
additional performance criteria beyond those of primers, topcoats, and
self-priming topcoats for specific applications. These performance
criteria may include, but are not limited to, temperature or fire
resistance, substrate compatibility, antireflection, temporary
protection or marking, sealing, adhesively joining substrates, or
enhanced corrosion protection.
Spot stripping means the depainting of an area where it is not
technically feasible to use a non-chemical depainting technique.
Spray gun means a device that atomizes a coating or other material
and projects the particulates or other material onto a substrate.

[[Page 45959]]

Stripper means a liquid that is applied to an aerospace vehicle or
component to remove permanent coatings such as primers and topcoats.
Surface preparation means the removal of contaminants from the
surface of an aerospace vehicle or component, or the activation or
reactivation of the surface in preparation for the application of a
coating.
Temporary total enclosure means a total enclosure that is
constructed for the sole purpose of measuring the emissions from an
affected source that are not delivered to an emission control device. A
temporary total enclosure must be constructed and ventilated (through
stacks suitable for testing) so that it has minimal impact on the
performance of the permanent emission capture system. A temporary total
enclosure will be assumed to achieve total capture of fugitive
emissions if it conforms to the requirements found in Sec. 63.750(g)(4)
and if all natural draft openings are at least four duct or hood
equivalent diameters away from each exhaust duct or hood.
Alternatively, the owner or operator may apply to the Administrator for
approval of a temporary enclosure on a case-by-case basis.
Topcoat means a coating that is applied over a primer on an
aerospace vehicle or component for appearance, identification,
camouflage, or protection. Coatings that are defined as specialty
coatings are not included under this definition.
Total enclosure means a permanent structure that is constructed
around a gaseous emission source so that all gaseous pollutants emitted
from the source are collected and ducted through a control device, such
that 100% capture efficiency is achieved. There are no fugitive
emissions from a total enclosure. The only openings in a total
enclosure are forced makeup air and exhaust ducts and any natural draft
openings such as those that allow raw materials to enter and exit the
enclosure for processing. All access doors or windows are closed during
routine operation of the enclosed source. Brief, occasional openings of
such doors or windows to accommodate process equipment adjustments are
acceptable, but if such openings are routine or if an access door
remains open during the entire operation, the access door must be
considered a natural draft opening. The average inward face velocity
across the natural draft openings of the enclosure must be calculated
including the area of such access doors. The drying oven itself may be
part of the total enclosure. An enclosure that meets the requirements
found in Sec. 63.750(g)(4) is a permanent total enclosure.
Touch-up and repair operation means that portion of the coating
operation that is the incidental application of coating used to cover
minor imperfections in the coating finish or to achieve complete
coverage. This definition includes out-of-sequence or out-of-cycle
coating.
Two-stage filter system means a dry particulate filter system using
two layers of filter media to remove particulate. The first stage is
designed to remove the bulk of the particulate and a higher efficiency
second stage is designed to remove smaller particulate.
Type II etchant means a chemical milling etchant that is a strong
sodium hydroxide solution containing amines (Type I etchants contain
varying amounts of dissolved sulfur and do not contain amines).
Volatile organic compound (VOC) means any compound defined as VOC
in 40 CFR 51.100. This includes any organic compound other than those
determined by the EPA to be an exempt solvent. For purposes of
determining compliance with emission limits, VOC will be measured by
the approved test methods. Where such a method also inadvertently
measures compounds that are exempt solvent, an owner or operator may
exclude these exempt solvents when determining compliance with an
emission standard.
Waterwash system means a control system that utilizes flowing water
to remove particulate emissions from the exhaust air stream in spray
coating application or dry media blast depainting operations.
Nomenclature for determining carbon adsorber efficiency--The
nomenclature defined below is used in Sec. 63.750(g):
(1) Ak = the area of each natural draft opening (k) in a total
enclosure, in square meters.
(2) Caj = the concentration of HAP or VOC in each gas stream
(j) exiting the emission control device, in parts per million by
volume.
(3) Cbi = the concentration of HAP or VOC in each gas stream
(i) entering the emission control device, in parts per million by
volume.
(4) Cdi = the concentration of HAP or VOC in each gas stream
(i) entering the emission control device from the affected source, in
parts per million by volume.
(5) Cfk = the concentration of HAP or VOC in each uncontrolled
gas stream (k) emitted directly to the atmosphere from the affected
source, in parts per million by volume.
(6) Cgv = the concentration of HAP or VOC in each uncontrolled
gas stream entering each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in
parts per million by volume. For the purposes of calculating the
efficiency of the individual carbon adsorber vessel, Cgv may be
measured in the carbon adsorption system's common inlet duct prior to
the branching of individual inlet ducts to the individual carbon
adsorber vessels.
(7) Chv = the concentration of HAP or VOC in the gas stream
exiting each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in parts per
million by volume.
(8) E = the control device efficiency achieved for the duration of
the emission test (expressed as a fraction).
(9) F = the HAP or VOC emission capture efficiency of the HAP or
VOC capture system achieved for the duration of the emission test
(expressed as a fraction).
(10) FV = the average inward face velocity across all natural draft
openings in a total enclosure, in meters per hour.
(11) Hv = the individual carbon adsorber vessel (v) efficiency
achieved for the duration of the emission test (expressed as a
fraction).
(12) Hsys = the efficiency of the carbon adsorption system
calculated when each carbon adsorber vessel has an individual exhaust
stack (expressed as a fraction).
(13) Mci = the total mass in kilograms of each batch of
coating (i) applied, or of each coating applied at an affected coating
operation during a 7 to 30-day period, as appropriate, as determined
from records at the affected source. This quantity shall be determined
at a time and location in the process after all ingredients (including
any dilution solvent) have been added to the coating, or if ingredients
are added after the mass of the coating has been determined,
appropriate adjustments shall be made to account for them.
(14) Mr = the total mass in kilograms of HAP or VOC recovered
for a 7 to 30-day period.
(15) Qaj = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (j)
exiting the emission control device in either dry standard cubic meters
per hour when EPA Method 18 in appendix A of part 60 is used to measure
HAP or VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet
basis) when EPA Method 25A is used to measure HAP or VOC concentration.
(16) Qbi = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (i)
entering the emission control device, in dry standard cubic meters per
hour when EPA Method 18 is used to measure HAP or VOC concentration or
in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when EPA Method 25A is
used to measure HAP or VOC concentration.

[[Page 45960]]

(17) Qdi = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (i)
entering the emission control device from the affected source in either
dry standard cubic meters per hour when EPA Method 18 is used to
measure HAP or VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour
(wet basis) when EPA Method 25A is used to measure HAP or VOC
concentration.
(18) Qfk = the volumetric flow rate of each uncontrolled gas
stream (k) emitted directly to the atmosphere from the affected source
in either dry standard cubic meters per hour when EPA Method 18 is used
to measure HAP or VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters per
hour (wet basis) when EPA Method 25A is used to measure HAP or VOC
concentration.
(19) Qgv = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream
entering each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v) in either dry
standard cubic meters per hour when EPA Method 18 is used to measure
HAP or VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet
basis) when EPA Method 25A is used to measure HAP or VOC concentration.
For purposes of calculating the efficiency of the individual carbon
adsorber vessel, the value of Qgv can be assumed to equal the
value of Qhv measured for that carbon adsorber vessel.
(20) Qhv = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream exiting
each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v) in either dry standard cubic
meters per hour when EPA Method 18 is used to measure HAP or VOC
concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when EPA
Method 25A is used to measure HAP or VOC concentration.
(21) Qini = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (i)
entering the total enclosure through a forced makeup air duct in
standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis).
(22) Qoutj = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (j)
exiting the total enclosure through an exhaust duct or hood in standard
cubic meters per hour (wet basis).
(23) R = the overall HAP or VOC emission reduction achieved for the
duration of the emission test (expressed as a percentage).
(24) RSi = the total mass in kilograms of HAP or VOC retained
in the coating after drying.
(25) Woi = the weight fraction of VOC in each batch of coating
(i) applied, or of each coating applied at an affected coating
operation during a 7- to 30-day period, as appropriate, as determined
by EPA Method 24 or formulation data. This value shall be determined at
a time and location in the process after all ingredients (including any
dilution solvent) have been added to the coating, or if ingredients are
added after the weight fraction of HAP or VOC in the coating has been
determined, appropriate adjustments shall be made to account for them.

Sec. 63.743 Standards: General.

(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (a)(4) through (a)(9) of this
section and in Table 2 (included in Appendix B to this subpart), each
owner or operator of an affected source subject to this subpart is also
subject to the following sections of subpart A of this part:
(1) Sec. 63.4, Prohibited activities and circumvention;
(2) Sec. 63.5, Construction and reconstruction; and
(3) Sec. 63.6, Compliance with standards and maintenance
requirements.
(4) For the purposes of this subpart, all affected sources shall
submit any request for an extension of compliance not later than 120
days before the affected source's compliance date. The extension
request should be requested for the shortest time necessary to attain
compliance, but in no case shall exceed 1 year.
(5)(i) For the purposes of this subpart, the Administrator (or the
State with an approved permit program) will notify the owner or
operator in writing of his/her intention to deny approval of a request
for an extension of compliance submitted under either Sec. 63.6(i)(4)
or Sec. 63.6(i)(5) within 60 calendar days after receipt of sufficient
information to evaluate the request.
(ii) In addition, for purposes of this subpart, if the
Administrator does not notify the owner or operator in writing of his/
her intention to deny approval within 60 calendar days after receipt of
sufficient information to evaluate a request for an extension of
compliance, then the request shall be considered approved.
(6)(i) For the purposes of this subpart, the Administrator (or the
State) will notify the owner or operator in writing of the status of
his/her application submitted under Sec. 63.6(i)(4)(ii) (that is,
whether the application contains sufficient information to make a
determination) within 30 calendar days after receipt of the original
application and within 30 calendar days after receipt of any
supplementary information that is submitted, rather than 15 calendar
days as provided for in Sec. 63.6(i)(13)(i).
(ii) In addition, for the purposes of this subpart, if the
Administrator does not notify the owner or operator in writing of the
status of his/her application within 30 calendar days after receipt of
the original application and within 30 calendar days after receipt of
any supplementary information that is submitted, then the information
in the application or the supplementary information is to be considered
sufficient upon which to make a determination.
(7) For the purposes of this subpart, each owner or operator who
has submitted an extension request application under Sec. 63.6(i)(5) is
to be provided 30 calendar days to present additional information or
arguments to the Administrator after he/she is notified that the
application is not complete, rather than 15 calendar days as provided
for in Sec. 63.6(i)(13)(ii).
(8) For the purposes of this subpart, each owner or operator is to
be provided 30 calendar days to present additional information to the
Administrator after he/she is notified of the intended denial of a
compliance extension request submitted under either Sec. 63.6(i)(4) or
Sec. 63.6(i)(5), rather than 15 calendar days as provided for in
Sec. 63.6(1)(12)(iii)(B) and Sec. 63.6(i)(13)(iii)(B).
(9) For the purposes of this subpart, a final determination to deny
any request for an extension submitted under either Sec. 63.6(i)(4) or
Sec. 63.6(i)(5) will be made within 60 calendar days after presentation
of additional information or argument (if the application is complete),
or within 60 calendar days after the final date specified for the
presentation if no presentation is made, rather than 30 calendar days
as provided for in Sec. 63.6(i)(12)(iv) and Sec. 63.6(i)(13)(iv).
(b) Operation and maintenance plan. Each owner or operator that
uses an air pollution control device or equipment to control HAP
emissions shall prepare and operate in accordance with a startup,
shutdown, and malfunction plan in accordance with Sec. 63.6. Dry
particulate filter systems operated per the manufacturer's instructions
are exempt from a startup and shutdown plan. A startup and shutdown
plan shall be prepared for facilities using locally prepared operating
procedures. In addition to the information required in Sec. 63.6, this
plan shall also include the following provisions:
(1) The plan shall specify the operation and maintenance criteria
for each air pollution control device or equipment and shall include a
standardized checklist to document the operation and maintenance of the
equipment;
(2) The plan shall include a systematic procedure for identifying
malfunctions and for reporting them immediately to supervisory
personnel; and
(3) The plan shall specify procedures to be followed to ensure that
equipment

[[Page 45961]]
or process malfunctions due to poor maintenance or other preventable
conditions do not occur.
(c) An owner or operator who uses an air pollution control device
or equipment not listed in this subpart shall submit a description of
the device or equipment, test data verifying the performance of the
device or equipment in controlling organic HAP and/or VOC emissions, as
appropriate, specific operating parameters that will be monitored to
establish compliance with the standards, and a copy of the operation
and maintenance plan referenced in paragraph (b) of this section to the
Administrator for approval.

Sec. 63.744 Standards: Cleaning operations.

(a) Housekeeping measures. Each owner or operator of a new or
existing cleaning operation subject to this subpart shall comply with
the requirements in this paragraphs unless the solvent used is
classified as a cleaning solvent that contains no organic HAP or VOC as
identified in Table 3.

Table 3.--Composition Requirements for Approved Cleaning Solvents
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cleaning solvent type Composition requirements
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aqueous.................. Cleaning solvents in which water is the
primary ingredient (80 percent of
solvent solution as applied must be water).
Detergents, surfactants, and bioenzyme
mixtures and nutrients may be combined with
the water along with a variety of additives
such as organic solvents (e.g., high boiling
point alcohols), builders, saponifiers,
inhibitors, emulsifiers, pH buffers, and
antifoaming agents. Aqueous solutions must
have a flash point greater than 93 deg.C
(200 deg.F) (as reported by the
manufacturer) and the solution must be
miscible with water.
Hydrocarbon-Based........ Cleaners that are composed of a mixture of
photochemically reactive hydrocarbons and
oxygenated hydrocarbons and have a maximum
vapor pressure of 7 mm Hg at 20 deg.C (3.75
in. H2O at 68 deg.F). These cleaners also
contain no HAP or ozone depleting compounds.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(1) Place solvent-laden cloth, paper, or any other absorbent
applicators used for cleaning aerospace vehicles or components in bags
or other closed containers immediately after use. Ensure that these
bags and containers are kept closed at all times except when depositing
or removing these materials from the container. Use bags and containers
of such design so as to contain the vapors of the cleaning solvent.
Cotton-tipped swabs used for very small cleaning operations are exempt
from this requirement.
(2) Store fresh and spent cleaning solvents used in aerospace
cleaning operations in closed containers.
(3) Conduct the handling and transfer of cleaning solvents to or
from enclosed systems, vats, waste containers, and other cleaning
operation equipment that hold or store fresh or spent cleaning solvents
in such a manner that minimizes spills.
(b) Hand-wipe cleaning. Each owner or operator of a new or existing
hand-wipe cleaning operation (excluding cleaning of spray gun equipment
performed in accordance with paragraph (c)(3) of this section) subject
to this subpart shall use cleaning solvents that meet one of the
requirements specified in paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), and (b)(3) of this
section. Cleaning solvent solutions that contain no HAP or VOC are
exempt from the requirements in paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), and (b)(3).
(1) Meet one of the composition requirements in Table 3;
(2) Have a composite vapor pressure of 45 mm Hg (24.1 in. H2O)
or less at 20 deg.C (68 deg.F); or
(3) Demonstrate that the volume of hand-wipe solvents used in
cleaning operations has been reduced by at least 60% from a baseline
adjusted for production. The baseline shall be established as part of
an approved alternative plan administered by the State. The alternative
plan shall be submitted by the State under section 112(l) of the Act
and approved by the Administrator, and shall demonstrate that the 60%
volume reduction in cleaning solvents provides equivalent reductions to
the requirements in paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2).
(c) Spray gun cleaning. Each owner or operator of a new or existing
spray gun cleaning operation subject to this subpart in which spray
guns are used for the application of coatings or any other materials
that require the spray guns to be cleaned shall use one or more of the
techniques, or their equivalent, specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through
(c)(4) of this section.
(1)(i) Enclosed system. Clean the spray gun in an enclosed system
that is closed at all times except when inserting or removing the spray
gun. Cleaning shall consist of forcing solvent through the gun.
(ii) If leaks are found during the monthly inspection required in
Sec. 63.751(a), repairs shall be made as soon as practicable, but no
later than 15 days after the leak was found. If the leak is not
repaired by the 15th day after detection, the solvent shall be removed
and the enclosed cleaner shall be shut down until the leak is repaired
or its use is permanently discontinued.
(2) Nonatomized cleaning. Clean the spray gun by placing solvent in
the pressure pot and forcing it through the gun with the atomizing cap
in place. No atomizing air is to be used. Direct the solvent from the
spray gun into a vat, drum, or other waste container that is closed
when not in use.
(3) Disassembled spray gun cleaning. Disassemble the spray gun and
clean the components by hand in a vat, which shall remain closed at all
times except when in use. Alternatively, soak the components in a vat,
which shall remain closed during the soaking period and when not
inserting or removing components.
(4) Atomizing cleaning. Clean the spray gun by forcing the solvent
through the gun and direct the resulting atomized spray into a waste
container that is fitted with a device designed to capture the atomized
solvent emissions.
(d) Flush cleaning. Each owner or operator of a flush cleaning
operation subject to this subpart (excluding those in which Table 3 or
semi-aqueous cleaning solvents are used) shall empty the used cleaning
solvent each time an aerospace part or assembly, or a component of a
coating unit (with the exception of spray guns) is flush cleaned into
an enclosed container or collection system that is kept closed when not
in use or into a system with equivalent emission control.
(e) Exempt cleaning operations. The following cleaning operations
are exempt from the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section:
(1) Cleaning during the manufacture, assembly, installation, or
testing of components of breathing oxygen systems that are exposed to
the breathing oxygen;

[[Page 45962]]

(2) Cleaning during the manufacture, assembly, installation, or
testing of parts, subassemblies, or assemblies that are exposed to
strong oxidizers or reducers (e.g., nitrogen tetroxide, liquid oxygen,
or hydrazine);
(3) Cleaning and surface activation prior to adhesive bonding;
(4) Cleaning of electronic parts and assemblies containing
electronic parts;
(5) Cleaning of aircraft and ground support equipment fluid systems
that are exposed to the fluid, including air-to-air heat exchangers and
hydraulic fluid systems;
(6) Cleaning of fuel cells, fuel tanks, and confined spaces;
(7) Surface cleaning of solar cells, coated optics, and thermal
control surfaces;
(8) Cleaning during fabrication, assembly, installation, and
maintenance of upholstery, curtains, carpet, and other textile
materials used in the interior of the aircraft;
(9) Cleaning of metallic and non-metallic materials used in
honeycomb cores during the manufacture of these cores, and cleaning of
the completed cores used in the manufacture of aerospace vehicles or
components;
(10) Cleaning of polycarbonate or glass substrates; and
(11) Cleaning and solvent usage associated with research and
development, quality control, and laboratory testing.
(12) Cleaning operations, using nonflamable liquids, conducted
within five feet of energized electrical systems. Energized electrical
systems means any AC or DC electrical circuit on an assembled aircraft
once electrical power is connected, including interior passenger and
cargo areas, wheel wells and tail sections.

Sec. 63.745 Standards: Primer and topcoat application operations.

(a) Each owner or operator of a new or existing primer or topcoat
application operation subject to this subpart shall comply with the
requirements specified in paragraph (c) of this section for those
coatings that are uncontrolled (no control device is used to reduce
organic HAP emissions from the operation), and in paragraph (d) of this
section for those coatings that are controlled (organic HAP emissions
from the operation are reduced by the use of a control device).
Aerospace equipment that is no longer operational, intended for public
display, and not easily capable of being moved is exempt from the
requirements of this section.
(b) Each owner or operator shall conduct the handling and transfer
of primers and topcoats to or from containers, tanks, vats, vessels,
and piping systems in such a manner that minimizes spills.
(c) Uncontrolled coatings--organic HAP and VOC content levels. Each
owner or operator shall comply with the organic HAP and VOC content
limits specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(4) of this section
for those coatings that are uncontrolled.
(1) Organic HAP emissions from primers shall be limited to an
organic HAP content level of no more than 350 g/l (2.9 lb/gal) of
primer (less water) as applied.
(2) VOC emissions from primers shall be limited to an VOC content
level of no more than 350 g/l (2.9 lb/gal) of primer (less water and
exempt solvents) as applied.
(3) Organic HAP emissions from topcoats shall be limited to an
organic HAP content level of no more than 420 g/l (3.5 lb/gal) of
coating (less water) as applied. Organic HAP emissions from self-
priming topcoats shall be limited to an organic HAP content level of no
more than 420 g/l (3.5 lb/gal) of self-priming topcoat (less water) as
applied.
(4) VOC emissions from topcoats shall be limited to a VOC content
level of no more than 420 g/l (3.5 lb/gal) of coating (less water and
exempt solvents) as applied. VOC emissions from self-priming topcoats
shall be limited to a VOC content level of no more than 420 g/l (3.5
lb/gal) of self-priming topcoat (less water and exempt solvents) as
applied.
(d) Controlled coatings--control system requirements. Each control
system shall reduce the operation's organic HAP and VOC emissions to
the atmosphere by 81% or greater, taking into account capture and
destruction or removal efficiencies, as determined using the procedures
in Sec. 63.750(g) when a carbon adsorber is used and in Sec. 63.750(h)
when a control device other than a carbon adsorber is used.
(e) Compliance methods. Compliance with the organic HAP and VOC
content limits specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(4) of this
section shall be accomplished by using the methods specified in
paragraphs (e)(1) and (e)(2) of this section either by themselves or in
conjunction with one another.
(1) Use primers and topcoats with HAP and VOC content levels equal
to or less than the limits specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through
(c)(4) of this section.
(2)(i) Use any combination of primers or topcoats such that the
monthly volume-weighted average organic HAP and VOC contents of the
combination of primers or topcoats comply with the specified content
limits, unless the permitting agency specifies a shorter averaging
period as part of an ambient ozone control program.
(ii) Averaging primers together with topcoats is prohibited under
this subsection.
(iii) Averaging is allowed only for uncontrolled primers or
topcoats.
(iv) Each averaging scheme shall be approved in advance by the
permitting agency and be adopted as part of the facility's title V
permit.
(f) Application Equipment. Except as provided in paragraph (f)(3)
of this section, each owner or operator of a new or existing primer or
topcoat application operation subject to this subpart in which any of
the coatings contain organic HAP or VOC shall comply with the
requirements specified in paragraphs (f)(1) and (f)(2) of this section.
(1) All primers and topcoats shall be applied using one or more of
the application techniques specified in paragraphs (f)(1)(i) through
(f)(1)(viii) of this section.
(i) Flow/curtain coat application;
(ii) Dip coat application;
(iii) Roll coating;
(iv) Brush coating;
(v) Cotton-tipped swab application;
(vi) Electrodeposition (dip) coating;
(vii) High volume low pressure (HVLP) spraying;
(viii) Electrostatic spray application; or
(ix) Other coating application methods that achieve emission
reductions equivalent to HVLP or electrostatic spray application
methods, as determined according to the requirements in Sec. 63.750(i).
(2) All application devices used to apply primers or topcoats shall
be operated according to company procedures, local specified operating
procedures, and/or the manufacturer's specifications, whichever is most
stringent, at all times. Equipment modified by the facility shall
maintain a transfer efficiency equivalent to HVLP and electrostatic
spray application techniques.
(3) The following situations are exempt from the requirements of
paragraph (f)(1) of this section:
(i) Any situation that normally requires the use of an airbrush or
an extension on the spray gun to properly reach limited access spaces;
(ii) The application of coatings that contain fillers that
adversely affect atomization with HVLP spray guns and that the
permitting agency has determined cannot be applied by any of the
application methods specified in paragraph (f)(1) of this section;
(iii) The application of coatings that normally have a dried film
thickness of

[[Page 45963]]
less than 0.0013 centimeter (0.0005 in.) and that the permitting agency
has determined cannot be applied by any of the application methods
specified in paragraph (f)(1) of this section;
(iv) The use of airbrush application methods for stenciling,
lettering, and other identification markings;
(v) The use of hand-held spray can application methods; and
(vi) Touch-up and repair operations.
(g) Inorganic HAP emissions. Except as provided in paragraph (g)(4)
of this section, each owner or operator of a new or existing primer or
topcoat application operation subject to this subpart in which any of
the coatings that are spray applied contain inorganic HAP, shall comply
with the applicable requirements in paragraphs (g)(1) through (g)(3) of
this section.
(1) Apply these coatings in a booth or hangar in which air flow is
directed downward onto or across the part or assembly being coated and
exhausted through one or more outlets.
(2) Control the air stream from this operation as follows:
(i) For existing sources, pass the air stream through either a dry
particulate filter system or a waterwash system before exhausting it to
the atmosphere.
(ii) Waterwash booths shall remain in operation during all coating
application operations.
(iii) Dry filter booths shall include two-stage filter systems or
the equivalent, as determined by the permitting agency.
(iv) For new sources, pass the air stream through either a two-
stage dry particulate filter system or a waterwash system before
exhausting it to the atmosphere. If the primer or topcoat contains
chromium or cadmium, control shall consist of either a three-stage
filter system, HEPA filter system, or other equivalent control system
as approved by the permitting agency.
(v) If a dry particulate filter system is used, the following
requirements shall be met:
(A) Maintain the system in good working order;
(B) Install a differential pressure gauge across the filter banks;
(C) Continuously monitor the pressure drop across the filter; and
(D) Take corrective action when the pressure drop exceeds or falls
below the filter manufacturer's recommended limit(s).
(vi) If a waterwash system is used, continuously monitor the water
flow rate.
(3) If the pressure drop across the dry particulate filter system,
as recorded pursuant to Sec. 63.752(d)(1), is outside the limit(s)
specified by the filter manufacturer or in locally prepared operating
procedures, shut down the operation immediately and take corrective
action. If the water path in the waterwash system fails the visual
continuity/flow characteristics check, or the water flow rate recorded
pursuant to Sec. 63.752(d)(2) exceeds the limit(s) specified by the
booth manufacturer or in locally prepared operating procedures, or the
booth manufacturer's or locally prepared maintenance procedures for the
filter or waterwash system have not been performed as scheduled, shut
down the operation immediately and take corrective action. The
operation shall not be resumed until the pressure drop or water flow
rate is returned within the specified limit(s).
(4) The requirements of paragraphs (g)(1) through (g)(3) of this
section do not apply to the following:
(i) Touch-up of scratched surfaces or damaged paint;
(ii) Hole daubing for fasteners;
(iii) Touch-up of trimmed edges;
(iv) Coating prior to joining dissimilar metal components;
(v) Stencil operations performed by brush or air brush;
(vi) Section joining;
(vii) Touch-up of bushings and other similar parts;
(viii) Sealant detackifying; and
(ix) Painting parts in an area identified in a title V permit,
where the permitting authority has determined that it is not
technically feasible to paint the parts in a booth.

Sec. 63.746 Standards: Depainting Operations.

(a) Applicability. Each owner or operator of a new or existing
depainting operation subject to this subpart shall comply with the
requirements in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3) of this section, and
with the requirements specified in paragraph (b) where there are no
controls for organic HAP, or paragraph (c) where organic HAP are
controlled using a control system. This subpart does not apply to an
aerospace manufacturing facility that depaints 6 or less completed
aerospace vehicles in a calendar year.
(1) The provisions of this section apply to the depainting of the
outer surface areas of completed aerospace vehicles, including the
fuselage, wings, and vertical and horizontal stabilizers of the
aircraft, and the outer casing and stabilizers of missiles and rockets.
These provisions do not apply to the depainting of parts or units
normally removed from the aerospace vehicle for depainting. However,
depainting of wings and stabilizers is always subject to the
requirements of this section regardless of whether their removal is
considered by the owner or operator to be normal practice for
depainting.
(2) Aerospace vehicles or components that are intended for public
display, no longer operational, and not easily capable of being moved
are exempt from the requirements of this section.
(3) The following depainting operations are exempt from the
requirements of this section:
(i) Depainting of radomes; and
(ii) Depainting of parts, subassemblies, and assemblies normally
removed from the primary aircraft structure before depainting.
(b)(1) HAP emissions--non-HAP chemical strippers and technologies.
Except as provided in paragraph (b)(3) of this section, each owner or
operator of a new or existing aerospace depainting operation subject to
this subpart shall emit no organic HAP from chemical stripping
formulations and agents or chemical paint softeners.
(2) Where non-chemical based equipment is used to comply with
paragraph (b)(1) of this section, either in total or in part, each
owner or operator shall operate and maintain the equipment according to
the manufacturer's specifications or locally prepared operating
procedures. During periods of malfunctions of such equipment, each
owner or operator may use substitute materials during the repair period
provided the substitute materials used are those available that
minimize organic HAP emissions. In no event shall substitute materials
be used for more than 15 days annually, unless such materials are
organic HAP-free.
(3) Each owner or operator of a new or existing depainting
operation complying with paragraph (b)(1) shall not, on an annual
average basis, use more than 26 gallons of organic HAP-containing
chemical strippers per commercial aircraft depainted or more than 50
gallons of organic HAP-containing chemical strippers per military
aircraft depainted for spot stripping and decal removal.
(4) Each owner or operator of a new or existing depainting
operation complying with paragraph (b)(2), that generates airborne
inorganic HAP emissions from dry media blasting equipment, shall also
comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs (b)(4)(i) through
(b)(4)(v) of this section.
(i) Perform the depainting operation in an enclosed area.
(ii) Pass any air stream removed from the enclosed area through a
dry particulate filter system, baghouse, or waterwash system before
exhausting it to the atmosphere.

[[Page 45964]]

(iii) If a dry particulate filter system is used, the following
requirements shall be met:
(A) Maintain the system in good working order;
(B) Install a differential pressure gauge across the filter banks;
(C) Continuously monitor the pressure drop across the filter; and
(D) Take corrective action when the pressure drop exceeds or falls
below the filter manufacturer's recommended limits.
(iv) If a waterwash system is used, continuously monitor the water
flow rate.
(v) If the pressure drop, as recorded pursuant to
Sec. 63.752(e)(7), is outside the limit(s) specified by the filter
manufacturer or in locally prepared operating procedures, whichever is
more stringent, shut down the operation immediately and take corrective
action. If the water path in the waterwash system fails the visual
continuity/flow characteristics check as recorded pursuant to
Sec. 63.752(e)(7), or the water flow rate, as recorded pursuant to
Sec. 63.752(d)(2), exceeds the limit(s) specified by the booth
manufacturer or in locally prepared operating procedures, or the booth
manufacturer's or locally prepared maintenance procedures for the
filter or waterwash system have not been performed as scheduled, shut
down the operation immediately and take corrective action. The
operation shall not be resumed until the pressure drop or water flow
rate is returned within the specified limit(s).
(5) Mechanical and hand sanding operations are exempt from the
requirements in paragraph (b)(4) of this section.
(c) Organic HAP emissions--organic HAP-containing chemical
strippers. Each owner or operator of a new or existing organic HAP-
containing chemical stripper depainting operation subject to this
subpart shall comply with the requirements specified in this paragraph.
(1) All organic HAP emissions from the operation shall be reduced
by the use of a control system. Each control system that was installed
before the effective date shall reduce the operations' organic HAP
emissions to the atmosphere by 81% or greater, taking into account
capture and destruction or removal efficiencies, as determined using
the procedures in Sec. 63.750(g) when a carbon adsorber is used or
Sec. 63.750(h) when a control device other than a carbon adsorber is
used. Each control system installed on or after the effective date
shall reduce organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere by 95% or greater.
Reduction shall take into account capture and destruction or removal
efficiencies, and the volume of chemical stripper used (e.g., the 95%
efficiency may be achieved by controlling emissions at 81% efficiency
with a control system and using 74% less stripper than in baseline
applications). The baseline shall be calculated using data from 1996
and 1997, which shall be on a usage per aircraft or usage per square
foot of surface basis.

Sec. 63.747 Standards: Chemical milling maskant application
operations.

(a) Each owner or operator of a new or existing chemical milling
maskant operation subject to this subpart shall comply with the
requirements specified in paragraph (c) of this section for those
chemical milling maskants that are uncontrolled (no control device is
used to reduce organic HAP emissions from the operation) and in
paragraph (d) of this section for those chemical milling maskants that
are controlled (organic HAP emissions from the operation are reduced by
the use of a control device).
(b) Each owner or operator shall conduct the handling and transfer
of chemical milling maskants to or from containers, tanks, vats,
vessels, and piping systems in such a manner that minimizes spills.
(c) Uncontrolled maskants--organic HAP and VOC content levels. Each
owner or operator shall comply with the organic HAP and VOC content
limits specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section for
each chemical milling maskant that is uncontrolled.
(1) Organic HAP emissions from chemical milling maskants shall be
limited to an organic HAP content level of no more than 160 grams of
organic HAP per liter (1.3 lb/gal) of chemical milling maskant (less
water) as applied.
(2) VOC emissions from chemical milling maskants shall be limited
to a VOC content level of no more than 160 grams of VOC per liter (1.3
lb/gal) of chemical milling maskant (less water and exempt solvents) as
applied.
(3) The requirements of paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this
section do not apply to the following:
(i) Touch-up of scratched surfaces or damaged maskant; and
(ii) Touch-up of trimmed edges.
(d) Controlled maskants--control system requirements. Each control
system shall reduce the operation's organic HAP and VOC emissions to
the atmosphere by 81% or greater, taking into account capture and
destruction or removal efficiencies, as determined using the procedures
in Sec. 63.750(g) when a carbon adsorber is used and in Sec. 63.750(h)
when a control device other than a carbon adsorber is used.
(e) Compliance methods. Compliance with the organic HAP and VOC
content limits specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this
section may be accomplished by using the methods specified in
paragraphs (e)(1) and (e)(2) of this section either by themselves or in
conjunction with one another.
(1) Use chemical milling maskants with HAP and VOC content levels
equal to or less than the limits specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and
(c)(2) of this section.
(2)(i) Use any combination of chemical milling maskants such that
the monthly volume-weighted average organic HAP and VOC contents of the
maskants comply with the specified content limits, unless the
permitting agency specifies a shorter averaging period as part of an
ambient ozone control program.
(ii) Averaging is allowed only for uncontrolled chemical milling
maskants.
(iii) Each averaging scheme shall be approved in advance by the
permitting agency and be adopted as part of the facility's title V
permit.

Sec. 63.748 Standards: Handling and storage of waste.

Except as provided in Sec. 63.741(e), the owner or operator of each
facility subject to this subpart that produces a waste that contains
HAP shall conduct the handling and transfer of the waste to or from
containers, tanks, vats, vessels, and piping systems in such a manner
that minimizes spills.

Sec. 63.749 Compliance dates and determinations.
(a) Compliance dates. Each owner or operator of an existing source
subject to this subpart shall comply with the requirements of this
subpart within 3 years after the effective date. Owners or operators of
new sources subject to this subpart shall comply on the effective date
or upon startup, whichever is later. In addition, each owner or
operator shall comply with the compliance dates specified in
Sec. 63.6(b) and Sec. 63.6(c).
(b) General. Each facility subject to this subpart shall be
considered in noncompliance if the owner or operator fails to submit an
operation and maintenance plan as required by Sec. 63.743(b) or uses a
control device other than one specified in this subpart that has not
been approved by the Administrator, as required by Sec. 63.743(c).
(c) Cleaning operations. Each cleaning operation subject to this
subpart shall be considered in noncompliance if the

[[Page 45965]]
owner or operator fails to institute and carry out the housekeeping
measures required under Sec. 63.744(a). Incidental emissions resulting
from the activation of pressure release vents and valves on enclosed
cleaning systems are exempt from this paragraph.
(1) Hand-wipe cleaning. An affected hand-wipe cleaning operation
shall be considered in compliance when all hand-wipe cleaning solvents,
excluding those used for hand cleaning of spray gun equipment under
Sec. 63.744(c)(3), meet either the composition requirements specified
in Sec. 63.744(b)(1) or the vapor pressure requirement specified in
Sec. 63.744(b)(2).
(2) Spray gun cleaning. An affected spray gun cleaning operation
shall be considered in compliance when each of the following conditions
is met:
(i) One of the four techniques specified in Sec. 63.744 (c)(1)
through (c)(4) is used;
(ii) The technique selected is operated according to the procedures
specified in Sec. 63.744 (c)(1) through (c)(4) as appropriate; and
(iii) If an enclosed system is used, monthly visual inspections are
conducted and any leak detected is repaired within 15 days after
detection. If the leak is not repaired by the 15th day after detection,
the solvent shall be removed and the enclosed cleaner shall be shut
down until the cleaner is repaired or its use is permanently
discontinued.
(3) Flush cleaning. An affected flush cleaning operation shall be
considered in compliance if the operating requirements specified in
Sec. 63.744(d) are implemented and carried out.
(d) Organic HAP and VOC content levels--primer and topcoat
application operations.
(1) Performance test periods. For uncontrolled coatings that are
not averaged, each 24 hours is considered a performance test. For
compliant and non-compliant coatings that are averaged together, each
30-day period is considered a performance test, unless the permitting
agency specifies a shorter averaging period as part of an ambient ozone
control program. When using a control device other than a carbon
adsorber, three 1-hour runs constitute the test period for the initial
and any subsequent performance test. When using a carbon adsorber, each
rolling material balance period is considered a performance test.
(2) Initial performance tests. If a control device is used, each
owner or operator shall conduct an initial performance test to
demonstrate compliance with the overall reduction efficiency specified
in paragraph Sec. 63.745, unless a waiver is obtained under either
Sec. 63.7(e)(2)(iv) or Sec. 63.7(h). The initial performance test shall
be conducted according to the procedures and test methods specified in
Sec. 63.7 and Sec. 63.750(g) for carbon adsorbers and in Sec. 63.750(h)
for control devices other than carbon adsorbers. For carbon adsorbers,
the initial performance test shall be used to establish the appropriate
rolling material balance period for determining compliance. The
procedures in paragraphs (d)(2)(i) through (d)(2)(vi) of this section
shall be used in determining initial compliance with the provisions of
this subpart for carbon adsorbers.
(i)(A) When either EPA Method 18 or EPA Method 25A is to be used in
the determination of the efficiency of a fixed-bed carbon adsorption
system with a common exhaust stack for all the individual carbon
adsorber vessels pursuant to Sec. 63.750(g) (2) or (4), the test shall
consist of three separate runs, each coinciding with one or more
complete sequences through the adsorption cycles of all of the
individual carbon adsorber vessels.
(B) When either EPA Method 18 or EPA Method 25A is to be used in
the determination of the efficiency of a fixed-bed carbon adsorption
system with individual exhaust stacks for each carbon adsorber vessel
pursuant to Sec. 63.750(g) (3) or (4), each carbon adsorber vessel
shall be tested individually. The test for each carbon adsorber vessel
shall consist of three separate runs. Each run shall coincide with one
or more complete adsorption cycles.
(ii) EPA Method 1 or 1A of appendix A of part 60 is used for sample
and velocity traverses.
(iii) EPA Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D of appendix A of part 60 is used
for velocity and volumetric flow rates.
(iv) EPA Method 3 of appendix A of part 60 is used for gas
analysis.
(v) EPA Method 4 of appendix A of part 60 is used for stack gas
moisture.
(vi) EPA Methods 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 3, and 4 shall be performed, as
applicable, at least twice during each test period.
(3) The primer application operation is considered in compliance
when the conditions specified in paragraphs (d)(3)(i) through
(d)(3)(iv) of this section, as applicable, and in paragraph (e) of this
section are met. Failure to meet any one of the conditions identified
in these paragraphs shall constitute noncompliance.
(i) For all uncontrolled primers, all values of Hi and Ha
(as determined using the procedures specified in Sec. 63.750 (c) and
(d)) are less than or equal to 350 grams of organic HAP per liter (2.9
lb/gal) of primer (less water) as applied, and all values of Gi
and Ga (as determined using the procedures specified in
Sec. 63.750 (e) and (f)) are less than or equal to 350 grams of organic
VOC per liter (2.9 lb/gal) of primer (less water and exempt solvents)
as applied.
(ii) If a control device is used:
(A) The overall control system efficiency, Ek, as determined
using the procedures specified in Sec. 63.750(g) for control systems
containing carbon adsorbers and in Sec. 63.750(h) for control systems
with other control devices, is equal to or greater than 81% during the
initial performance test and any subsequent performance test;
(B) If an incinerator other than a catalytic incinerator is used,
the average combustion temperature for all 3-hour periods is greater
than or equal to the average combustion temperature established under
Sec. 63.751(b)(11); and
(C) If a catalytic incinerator is used, the average combustion
temperatures for all 3-hour periods are greater than or equal to the
average combustion temperatures established under Sec. 63.751(b)(12).
(iii)(A) Uses an application technique specified in Sec. 63.745
(f)(1)(i) through (f)(1)(viii), or
(B) Uses an alternative application technique, as allowed under
Sec. 63.745(f)(1)(ix), such that the emissions of both organic HAP and
VOC for the implementation period of the alternative application method
are less than or equal to the emissions generated during the initial
30-day period, the period of time required to apply primer to five
completely assembled aircraft, or a time period approved by the
permitting agency, using HVLP or electrostatic spray application
methods as determined using the procedures specified in Sec. 63.750(i).
(iv) Operates all application techniques in accordance with the
manufacturer's specifications or locally prepared operating procedures,
whichever is more stringent.
(4) The topcoat application operation is considered in compliance
when the conditions specified in paragraphs (e)(4)(i) through
(e)(4)(iv) of this section, as applicable, and in paragraph (f) of this
section are met. Failure to meet any of the conditions identified in
these paragraphs shall constitute noncompliance.
(i) For all uncontrolled topcoats, all values of Hi and
Ha(as determined using the procedures specified in Sec. 63.750(c)
and (d)) are less than or equal to 420 grams organic HAP per liter (3.5
lb/gal) of topcoat (less water) as applied, and all values of Gi
and Ga (as determined using the procedures specified in

[[Page 45966]]
Sec. 63.750(e) and (f)) are less than or equal to 420 grams organic VOC
per liter (3.5 lb/gal) of topcoat (less water and exempt solvents) as
applied.
(ii) If a control device is used,
(A) The overall control system efficiency, Ek, as determined
using the procedures specified in Sec. 63.750(g) for control systems
containing carbon adsorbers and in Sec. 63.750(h) for control systems
with other control devices, is equal to or greater than 81% during the
initial performance test and any subsequent performance test;
(B) If an incinerator other than a catalytic incinerator is used,
the average combustion temperature for all 3-hour periods is greater
than or equal to the average combustion temperature established under
Sec. 63.751(b)(11); and
(C) If a catalytic incinerator is used, the average combustion
temperatures for all 3-hour periods are greater than or equal to the
average combustion temperatures established under Sec. 63.751(b)(12).
(iii)(A) Uses an application technique specified in
Sec. 63.745(f)(1)(i) through (f)(1)(ix) or
(B) Uses an alternative application technique as allowed under
Sec. 63.745(f)(1)(ix) such that the emissions of both organic HAP and
VOC for the implementation period of the alternative application method
are less than or equal to the emissions generated during the initial
30-day period, the period of time required to apply topcoat to five
completely assembled aircraft, or a time period approved by the
permitting agency, using HVLP or electrostatic spray application
methods as determined using the procedures specified in Sec. 63.750(i).
(iv) Operates all application techniques in accordance with the
manufacturer's specifications or locally prepared operating procedures.
(e) Inorganic HAP emissions--primer and topcoat application
operations. For each primer or topcoat application operation that emits
inorganic HAP, the operation is in compliance when:
(1) It is operated according to the requirements specified

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/fr%3A95-21505. Public record. Not legal advice.