# Office of Justice Programs Fiscal Year 1995 Program Plans

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URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/fr%3A95-10333

## Record

- **Collection:** Federal Register
- **Document type:** Notice
- **Published:** May 3, 1995
- **Citation:** 60 FR 21852

## Text

DATES: See specific Program Plan.

ADDRESSES: All questions concerning these Program Plans should be
addressed to the appropriate Bureau or Office at 633 Indiana Avenue,
NW., Washington, DC 20531.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Carol Winfield of the Department of
Justice Response Center at 1-800-421-6770.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Preface

OJP Bureaus' Fiscal Year 1995 Program Plans

The increasing crime rate, particularly escalating violent crime by
juvenile offenders, continues to be a major concern of the American
public. No community is untouched. Law enforcement and criminal justice
agencies around the country are faced with new and increasing
challenges as they respond to crime.
The Fiscal Year 1995 Program Plans for the United States Department
of Justice, Office of Justice Programs (OJP) Bureaus--the National
Institute of Justice, the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the Office of
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and the Office for Victims
of Crime--reflect an effort to address these problems aggressively.
Their simultaneous publication in the Federal Register reflects an
emphasis on collaborative relationships among the Bureaus and a strong
commitment to working in partnership with communities across the
country in addressing the problem of crime.
These plans not only reflect a renewed commitment to coordination
among the OJP Bureaus, but also demonstrate a recognition that the only
way in which we can hope to have an impact on the country's crime
problems is by reaching out to public agencies at all levels of
government, as well as a broad range of community and private groups.
In developing their Program Plans, the Bureaus solicited input from
State and local criminal justice agencies, constituent and community
groups, law enforcement, prosecutors, courts, corrections agencies, and
victim service providers, as well as other Department of Justice
components and other Federal agencies. Thus, in addition to embracing
existing Administration and Department of Justice initiatives--reducing
violent crime, developing comprehensive community-based approaches to
crime and violence, focusing on youth crime and firearms, actively
involving citizens in prevention efforts, and meeting the needs of
crime victims--the Fiscal Year 1995 OJP Program Plans also reflect
needs expressed by the field.
The Program Plans encourage applicants to forge partnerships along
new frontiers, often reaching beyond criminal justice boundaries to
find solutions. By approaching crime and violence in a comprehensive
fashion--bringing all the players in the system together--applicants
are encouraged to improve the effectiveness of their services, reduce
wasteful duplication, and identify new and innovative approaches to
tough problems.
For example, OJP Bureaus are working together on several
initiatives, such as Project PACT (Pulling America's Communities
Together), the Comprehensive Communities Program (CCP), and the new
Safe Futures Program, that fund communities to mobilize their law
enforcement and justice system resources together with a coalition of
government agencies and private sector resources. Working in
partnership with the community, key officials and community leaders
develop broad-based, coordinated strategies to reduce the high rates of
drug abuse and related crime and violence in their neighborhoods.
Project PACT, CCP, and Safe Futures are examples of programs that
empower communities to impact crime and violence, particularly youth
violence, through comprehensive planning, and improved
intergovernmental relationships.
Another recurrent theme in the OJP Program Plans is the Federal
government's role in providing leadership and guidance on crime
control, prevention and victims issues by developing and testing new
approaches and determining ``what works.'' As model programs are tested
and developed through research, evaluation, and demonstration grants,
information on effective programs and practices is disseminated widely
to State and local criminal justice and social service agencies. Local
communities should not have to ``road test'' new ideas without solid
knowledge about what has been tried before in other jurisdictions, what
has worked, and what has not. The Program Plans also provide
information on the availability of training and technical assistance to
assist States and local jurisdictions interested in implementing ``best
practices.''
Important priorities identified in the 1994 Crime Act--particularly
with regard to violence against women, the illegal possession and use
of firearms, and comprehensive, innovative prevention and early
intervention strategies aimed at high risk youth--are also reflected in
the Program Plans.
Another key goal for OJP was to make it easier for States and local
communities to access OJP services, programs, and information. As a
result, we have set up a new inter-department, Internet-based
clearinghouse called PAVNET. PAVNET will provide information on
promising programs, available funding, and technical assistance. We
have also set up the Department of Justice Response Center to answer
questions concerning program availability and funding.
The Program Plans that follow, describe in greater detail OJP's
funding goals and priorities for this Fiscal Year. For more information
about the application process, as well as about Crime Act programs, you
can call the DOJ Response Center at 1-800-421-6770.
* * * * *
As we move ahead with our initiatives for Fiscal Year 1995, the
Office of Justice Programs is committed to working in close partnership
with communities at the State and local level. Only by working together
can we hope to have an impact on the enormous problems of crime and
violence confronting our nation today.
Laurie Robinson,
Assistant Attorney General Office of Justice Programs.

Bureau of Justice Assistance

Fiscal Year 1995 Program Plan

I am pleased to announce the Bureau of Justice Assistance's (BJA)
Discretionary Program Plan for FY 1995. BJA assists States and local
jurisdictions through the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law
Enforcement Assistance Program. Through the Byrne Discretionary Grant
Program, BJA provides leadership and guidance on crime and violence
prevention and control and criminal justice system improvement at the
State and local levels. BJA also develops and tests new approaches in
criminal justice and crime control, and encourages replication of
effective programs and practices by State and local agencies.
[[Page 21853]]
This year, BJA's plan focuses primarily on national scope
demonstration programs. These programs support two goals: to assist
States and local units of government to reduce and prevent crime,
violence, and drug abuse and to improve the criminal justice system. To
meet these goals BJA will work with communities to develop
comprehensive strategies and expansive, problem-solving partnerships.
Special emphasis is placed on anti-violence initiatives, particularly
those dedicated to reducing the availability of illegal firearms and
providing young people with alternatives to gangs and criminal
involvement. Additionally, BJA will continue to work in partnership
with State and local law enforcement, as well as the United States
Attorneys; improve the adjudication process; assist States with
alleviating prison overcrowding by fostering corrections options
programs; and focus resources on both evaluation of promising programs
and dissemination of information about these programs to the field.
BJA's Program Plan for FY 1995 includes a $50 million appropriation
for general programs and a $12 million appropriation for Corrections
Options Programs. It describes planned activities for the Regional
Information Sharing Program (RISS) and the National White Collar Crime
Center. Joint efforts planned with other Federal agencies are also
described.
Obviously, our dollars are limited. Consistent with the
Administration's policies and in an effort to get the most for each
dollar spent, I am committed to making BJA's Discretionary Grant
Program as competitive as possible and to maximizing the impact of
these limited competitive dollars through a wide array of programs
directed toward urban communities, rural areas, and Native American
communities. For this reason, in FY 1995 BJA will:
Give preference to applicants who leverage BJA dollars
through partnerships among organizations bringing a commitment of other
resources to the table (such as Empowerment Zones/Enterprise
Communities);
Notify all grantees that continuation funding in future
years is not guaranteed but, rather, will be based on performance and
other relevant factors;
Institute the practice of awarding a declining BJA share
of funding for second and subsequent years where continuation funding
is provided;
Complete the process of developing, in consultation with
the National Institute of Justice, a strategy for obtaining early
evaluative information on particularly promising programs for early
dissemination to our constituents;
Promote activities complementing the initiatives being
implemented through the Crime Act; and
Continue to maximize OJP resources by working in
partnership with the National Institute of Justice, the Office for
Victims of Crime, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention, and other components of the Justice Department.
These initiatives, coupled with focused goals and objectives, will
build stronger partnerships at all levels. I envision these
partnerships to be a continuum of relationships encompassing all
components of the criminal justice system.

Goals

The FY 1995 Program Plan addresses BJA's two goals: To help State
and local units of government (1) reduce and prevent crime and violence
and (2) improve the functioning of the criminal justice system.
Enhanced coordination and cooperation of Federal, State and local
efforts facilitate the achievement of these goals. The objectives for
each of the goals are outlined below. The programs developed to address
the objectives are described in the plan.
Reduce and Prevent Crime and Violence
Encourage the development and implementation of comprehensive
strategies, in coordination with human service providers, to reduce and
prevent crime and violence.
Encourage the active participation of community organizations and
citizens in crime- and violence-prevention efforts.
Provide national scope training and technical assistance to support
local crime-, drug use-, and violence-prevention efforts.
Provide young people with legitimate opportunities and activities
which serve as alternatives to crime and involvement with gangs.
Reduce the availability of illegal weapons and develop programs to
address violence in our communities, homes, schools, and workplaces.
Improve the Functioning of the Criminal Justice System
Enhance the ability of law enforcement agencies to reduce crime,
drug trafficking and sales, and violence.
Improve the effectiveness and efficiency of all aspects of the
adjudication process.
Assist States in freeing prison space for serious and violent
offenders through the design, development, and implementation of
effective correctional options for nonviolent offenders.
Enhance the ability of State and local agencies, in conjunction
with the Immigration and Naturalization Service, to apprehend and
deport criminal aliens.
Evaluate the effectiveness of funded programs, disseminate results,
and enhance the ability of criminal justice agencies to use new
information technologies.

How Priorities Were Established

Priorities for the FY 1995 Discretionary Grant Program reflect a
balance of congressional mandates, Administration priorities, and needs
expressed by State and local criminal justice practitioners. The goals
are defined by the authorizing legislation for the Edward Byrne
Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Program. Priorities
for a number of specific programs to address those goals are mandated
by Congress through the earmarking of the appropriation.
BJA's priorities also reflect Administration and Department of
Justice priorities, especially those related to reducing violent crime,
the need to develop comprehensive approaches to crime and violence, the
focus on youth, and the need for active citizen participation in
prevention efforts.
During the planning process, BJA solicited input on priorities from
national organizations which represent State and local governments,
criminal justice agencies, and community groups. Input was also
requested from the State agencies which administer the Byrne Formula
Grant Program as well as from U.S. Attorneys. A number of programs that
address current issues were incorporated into the plan in response to
this valuable input.

Types of Programs

BJA is authorized by Congress to make awards to public and private
agencies and organizations for national scope and multi-State programs,
demonstration programs, training, and technical assistance to assist
States and local jurisdictions. National scope programs provide a
service or product of benefit throughout the country or across multiple
States or address issues that are of concern nationally. Demonstration
programs are used to develop, test, evaluate, and document new programs
and practices. Training is developed and provided to State and local
criminal justice practitioners and others to provide them with state-
of-the-art information on effective programs and practices. Technical
assistance is [[Page 21854]] provided to sites participating in
demonstration programs or is available to help an individual
jurisdiction implement a program or practice or address a specific
issue.

Competitive and Noncompetitive Grants

Each section of this Program Plan is divided into programs that
will be awarded on a competitive basis and those that are
noncompetitive. Whenever possible, BJA encourages broad participation
in the grants process by public and private agencies and organizations
at the State and local levels and makes awards on a competitive basis.
Each year, BJA also makes noncompetitive awards. There are a number
of factors that limit the number of competitive programs:
Congressional Earmarks--Each year Congress directs BJA to
award a portion of the appropriated funds for specified programs and/or
organizations. In FY 1995, over $23 million of the $50 million
appropriated for general discretionary programs were earmarked for
specific programs. BJA was also directed to review other programs (soft
earmarks) for possible funding.
Continuation and Implementation Grants--Many of BJA's
programs require several years of funding to accomplish their goals.
For example, training efforts require several years of funding to
develop the curriculum and to reach the intended audience.
Demonstration sites, which are generally selected competitively the
first year, require 2-3 years of funding to develop fully, implement,
and evaluate the program. In addition, BJA has funded several planning
efforts with implementation funding provided in subsequent years.
Limited Competition--Limited competition is used when a
limited number of jurisdictions or organizations meet the requirements
of the program. These jurisdictions or organizations are then invited
to compete for an award. A limited competition saves jurisdictions or
organizations that will not qualify the time and expense of preparing
an application. It also allows BJA to concentrate technical assistance
and training on this limited pool of applicants.
Sole Source Selection--In some cases, there is only one
organization or agency that has the capability, expertise, or
constituents to administer a program that BJA wants to implement. For
example, an association that represents a constituency which BJA wants
to reach with technical assistance or training may be the best
organization to implement the program. In other cases, BJA may make an
award on a non-competitive basis to an agency that has developed an
innovative program and has the expertise to implement it.
In FY 1995, BJA has modified applicant requirements and review
criteria to facilitate stronger partnerships with grantee agencies and
to maximize the impact of limited competitive dollars. These include:
Preference will be given to applicants who leverage BJA
dollars through partnerships among organizations bringing a commitment
of other resources to the table;
All grantees are on notice that continuation funding in
future years is not guaranteed but, rather, will be based on
performance and other relevant factors; and
As appropriate, BJA will provide a declining share of
total funding for second and subsequent years where continuation
funding is provided after FY 1995.

Application Process

A Program Announcement and Application Kit, which will be available
in late April, will serve as a request for proposals. It will contain
detailed descriptions of competitive programs and complete forms and
instructions for developing an application.
Competitive Programs--The Program Announcement and Application Kit
will describe for each competitive program: the purpose of the program,
background, goals, objectives, program design, eligibility
requirements, selection criteria, award period, award amount and due
date. Applications for competitive programs are due by June 30, 1995. A
panel of experts will be established for each competitive program area
to review and rank the applications. Funding decisions are made by the
Director of BJA.
Non-Competitive Programs--BJA staff will contact applicants for
noncompetitive programs to discuss application requirements and due
dates.
The Department of Justice Response Center staff are available to
respond to questions and provide technical assistance to applicants and
other interested parties. The Response Center number is (800) 421-6770.

Goal I: Reduce and Prevent Crime and Violence

Comprehensive Communities Program

Encourage the Development and Implementation of Comprehensive
Strategies To Reduce and Prevent Crime and Violence
The Comprehensive Communities Program (CCP) reflects the
Administration's priority of reducing crime and violence by initiating
comprehensive planning and improving intergovernmental relationships.
It requires selected jurisdictions to engage in a comprehensive
planning and strategy development process for crime and violence
control and prevention. It requires law enforcement and other
governmental agencies to work in partnership with communities to
address crime problems, as well as the factors that increase the risk
that individuals will become involved in problem behavior.
In FY 1994, 16 jurisdictions faced with high rates of crime and
violence were selected to participate in CCP. The four Pulling
America's Communities Together (Project PACT) sites were included in
this group. Each jurisdiction was provided with planning funds to
develop a strategy that demonstrates a jurisdictionwide commitment to
community policing, coordination among public and private agencies
(including, social services, public health, etc.), and an active role
by the community in problem solving.
BJA made funding available for a number of program components to
assist with implementation of the strategy. These components are
designed to implement specific models that BJA has already developed
and found to be effective or models the agency wants to test. These
components also allow for the development of new models, which, if
successful, can be replicated by other jurisdictions. The program
components are described below. Each strategy was required to include
community policing and community mobilization/prevention initiatives.
Six sites received awards from the FY 1994 allocation. The remaining 10
sites received awards in FY 1995.

Jurisdictionwide Community Policing

Jurisdictionwide Community Policing, a mandatory program component,
forms the core of the Comprehensive Communities Program. It requires
the applicant to implement a jurisdiction-wide model of community
policing using a framework developed by a consortium of national law
enforcement organizations working with BJA. Funding for this component,
in the amount of $9,990,000 was provided by the COPS Office.

Community Mobilization/Prevention--$969,718

Community mobilization, also a mandatory component, focuses on
implementation of strategies to promote the acceptance and practice of
community policing, rehabilitate crime-ravaged neighborhoods, and
empower [[Page 21855]] communities by strengthening relationships among
citizens, law enforcement, and other public and private service
providers.

Nonviolent Dispute Resolution

The Non-Violent Dispute Resolution component is a joint effort of
BJA and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
(OJJDP) to test a variety of strategies to train teenagers
constructively to manage anger, resolve conflict without the use of
firearms or violence, learn the importance of mutual respect, and be
responsible for their actions. Funding, in the amount of $300,000 is
being provided by OJJDP.

Boys & Girls Clubs Demonstration

The goal of this component is to establish or expand Boys and Girls
Clubs in public housing and other at-risk communities through the Boys
and Girls Clubs of America. This program will be supported under an
earmark to the Boys and Girls Clubs of America described in the section
on Youth and Gangs.

Comprehensive Gang Initiative

The Comprehensive Gang Initiative requires sites to implement a
model comprehensive approach to gang issues that carefully balances
initiatives for prevention, intervention, and suppression. Funding for
this component, in the amount of $799,345, is being provided by OJJDP.

Community Prosecution--$969,719

This program component encourages local prosecutors to be more
responsive to the needs of their communities by bringing the prosecutor
and the community together as partners to maintain public safety.

Community-Based Alternatives to Incarceration--$1,350,000

This program component encourages local communities to develop
community-based alternatives to incarceration that hold offenders
accountable while keeping them in the community where they can
participate in job training and/or work, substance abuse treatment,
restitution or community service, and other services needed to make
them productive citizens.

Continued Comprehensive Planning--$400,000

Four of the sites that participated in the Comprehensive
Communities Program planning process in FY 1994 will be provided with
additional time and resources to refine their comprehensive strategies.

Implementation Funding--$1,600,004

Funds are being set aside to assist the four sites still engaged in
planning with implementation of their strategies.

Training and Technical Assistance--$300,000

Training and technical assistance will be provided to the
Comprehensive Communities Program sites to assist them with the
planning process and the effective implementation of their strategies.

Community-Based Programs

Encourage the Active Participation of Community Organizations and
Citizens in Crime- and Violence-Prevention Efforts
Crime and violence are only symptoms of broader problems which
plague our communities. Crime cannot be stopped by law enforcement
without the active participation of the community and other public and
private agencies. It cannot be eradicated unless we address the causes
which surround our children with violence, crime, and despair.
BJA plans to expand and enhance community mobilization efforts by
assisting local communities and law enforcement agencies actively to
engage residents and community groups in taking back their
neighborhoods. One neighborhood at a time, these partnerships will seek
to rid communities of drug dealers, gangs, and other criminals.
Operation Weed and Seed will be continued and expanded in FY 1995.
This comprehensive, multiagency approach is helping 36 communities
address both public safety and neighborhood revitalization issues. BJA
will also continue to fund several community mobilization/action
programs that encourage citizens to work with the police, government,
community organizations, and the private sector to explore new and
innovative approaches to preventing crime, youth handgun violence, and
drug abuse.
In FY 1995, BJA will also address the Attorney General's commitment
to focus resources on problems faced by many American Indian tribes by
establishing Federal/tribal partnerships with several tribes for the
purpose of developing tribal strategies against violence. Violence in
public housing will also be addressed by assisting local communities
develop comprehensive approaches to crime and violence in public
housing. Both of these planning processes will be documented to serve
as guides for other communities.
To address the rights and needs of the victims of crime, which are
important components of all of the community-based programs, BJA and
the Office for Victims of Crime will jointly fund a number of programs
to assist the victims of crime and to increase the criminal justice
system's responsiveness to the rights and needs of victims.

Competitive

Communities in Action to Prevent Drug Abuse--$400,000

The Bureau of Justice Assistance in cooperation with the Employment
and Training Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, will continue a
unique demonstration program at the grassroots-level. The National
Training and Information (NTIC) and up to ten of its affiliated
neighborhood-based organizations will implement a program to reduce
crime and violence and to help residents access services of local job
training and employment systems. Key program elements are: building
and/or enhancing local planning teams and partnerships made up of
public officials, law enforcement, representatives of private industry
councils and other groups that focus on providing job training and
related services, other service providers, businesses, churches,
schools, community organizations, youth, and other residents; the
development of short-, intermediate-, and long-term strategies;
community policing; prevention education; and, the development of
training opportunities for job placement.

Non-Competitive

Tribal Strategies Against Violence--$300,000

This program is a Federal/tribal partnership initiative designed to
galvanize Native American communities in up to five sites to develop
strategies to reduce the incidence of family violence, child abuse, and
juvenile delinquency as well as to foster community participation and
support in the implementation of the strategies.

Community Drug Abuse Prevention Initiatives--$500,000

The National Crime Prevention Council will continue to provide
cost-effective technical assistance and training to reduce crime,
violence, and the demand for drugs, with a focus on acceptance of
community policing, rehabilitating crime-ravaged neighborhoods, and
community empowerment. [[Page 21856]]

National Neighborhood Mobilization Program to Prevent Crime--$50,000

This program will provide continuation funding for a grassroots
organization in Philadelphia to support community policing through the
implementation of comprehensive, innovative, anti-crime, anti-firearm,
and anti-drug strategies.

Victim Services as a Component of the Criminal Justice System $450,000

This project will provide training and technical assistance to
criminal justice agencies to encourage them to be more responsive to
the needs and concerns of victims and to incorporate victim services
into criminal justice functions.

Operation Weed and Seed--Demonstration and Technical Assistance--
$10,000,000

Operation Weed and Seed is a community-based, comprehensive,
multiagency approach designed to ``weed'' out crime and gang activity
from target neighborhoods and then ``seed'' them with a wide range of
human services that provide opportunities for citizens to live, work,
and raise families in a stable environment. The 36 existing
demonstration sites will receive awards to continue activities and/or
expand into new target neighborhoods. Five sites will also receive
funding to participate in the National Performance Review Lab, focused
on neighborhood revitalization strategies. An array of technical
assistance and training services will be available to the demonstration
sites. Weed and Seed is a joint effort between BJA and the Executive
Office for Weed and Seed. The Executive Office will contribute
approximately $13 million to the program, in addition to the BJA funds.

Community Crime and Drug Abuse Prevention and Education Initiatives

Provide National Scope Training and Technical Assistance To Support
Local Crime-, Drug Use-, and Violence-Prevention Efforts
This program area implements national-level programs which provide
training and technical assistance to local communities to support their
prevention activities. For example, local programs may make use of, and
localize, nationally and professionally developed print and television
crime prevention messages through the National Citizens' Crime
Prevention Campaign. Use of the McGruff the Crime Dog logo, which is
recognized and respected by over 97 percent of school age children,
provides local programs with instant credibility. Similarly,
participation in National Night Out serves as a rallying point for
citizen participation in local efforts. Both of these programs provide
communities with technical assistance and crime prevention materials
that can be used locally.
In FY 1995, BJA will continue to support the five Drug Abuse
Resistance Education (DARE) Training Centers. These centers prepare
State and local law enforcement officers to teach the DARE program in
local schools. These Centers have been critical in facilitating the
expansion of this very popular program and ensuring that both large and
small jurisdictions from across the country have access to the
training. Program funds are also used to develop enhancements to the
DARE program, such as the mentoring program, the DARE parent program,
and DARE training for junior and senior high school students.
The TRIAD Program, initiated in FY 1994, will be continued in FY
1995. This program focuses specifically on reducing the incidence and
impact of crime and violence on the elderly. TRIAD, conducted jointly
by the National Sheriffs' Association, the International Association of
Chiefs of Police, the American Association of Retired Persons, the
Office for Victims of Crime, and BJA will provide technical assistance
and will develop training and materials at the national level for
dissemination to local jurisdictions throughout the country.

Non-Competitive

National Citizens' Crime Prevention Campaign--$3,000,000

The National Citizens' Crime Prevention Campaign, best known for
McGruff the Crime Dog and the TAKE A BITE OUT OF CRIME slogan, will
continue to rally national, State and local crime and violence
prevention efforts through the development and implementation of timely
and effective crime-, violence-, and drug-prevention materials,
publications, technical assistance, training, and programming.

Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE)--$1,750,000

BJA will continue to support the DARE Regional Training Centers
which train law enforcement officers to teach the DARE program to
students from elementary through high school to help them learn how to
resist drug use, gangs, and violent behavior; build self-esteem; and
prevent abduction.

The National Association of Town Watch: Crime- and Drug-Prevention
Campaign--$200,000

Commonly known as ``National Night Out'', this year-long program
provides information, materials, and technical assistance for the
development of effective police/community partnerships to reduce crime,
violence, and substance abuse.

TRIAD--$200,000

TRIAD, a program developed by the National Sheriffs' Association,
the International Association of Chiefs of Police, and the American
Association of Retired Persons, strives to reduce the adverse impact of
crime and violence on the elderly and promote a better quality of life
through volunteerism and the provision of prevention services to their
peers. Additional funding of $50,000 will be provided by the Office for
Victims of Crime.

Youth and Gangs Programs

Provide Young People With Legitimate Opportunities and Activities Which
Serve as Alternatives to Crime and Involvement With Gangs
Research has identified certain risk factors which contribute to
substance abuse, delinquency, and violence among adolescents as well as
protective factors which promote positive behavior. BJA's youth and
gang programs are designed to address a number of risk factors related
to: attitudes and norms favorable to problem behaviors, friends who
engage in problem behavior, lack of commitment to school, and parental
attitudes and involvement. The programs help to balance the risk
factors in high-risk communities by establishing or strengthening
protective factors which counter or provide buffers against the risk
factors. These programs are designed to establish or strengthen
protective factors which address the relationships between youth and
their social environment.
Most of the programs are joint efforts between BJA and the Office
of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). Several include
participation by private foundations. All of the programs bring
together various service agencies and community organizations to assist
and provide opportunities for at-risk youth.

Competitive

Pathways to Success--$200,000

The Pathways to Success program, funded jointly by BJA, OJJDP, and
the National Endowment for the Arts, is designed to encourage young
people to explore a wide range of career and life
[[Page 21857]] options. The program will promote arts education,
recreation, job skills training, and business entrepreneurial programs
for after-school and weekend hours at the community level. This program
will fund up to five applications at up to $40,000 under OJJDP's Safe
Futures Program and up to five competitive sites at up to $50,000 each
for the first year of a 2-year project.
Interested applicants will need to demonstrate that collaboration
has taken place with existing arts, education, business and community
groups, and youth-serving agencies in the development of its program,
including, where appropriate, collaboration with existing after school
and weekend youth programs. The Pathways to Success program is designed
to serve at-risk youth from 6 to 18 years of age, but a project need
not cover the full age range. Each applicant will be expected to define
a lasting outcome, i.e. a product that benefits the community, or to
provide an ongoing program that will continue to provide community-
based services beyond the end of the funding cycle. OJJDP will also
contribute $200,000 to and will administer the Pathways to Success
Program.

Non-Competitive

Truancy Reduction Training and Technical Assistance--$200,000

BJA will collaborate with the OJJDP to address the needs of
truants, dropouts, children afraid to go to school, children who have
been suspended or expelled, as well as children in the juvenile justice
system. Program activities include regional hearings, training and
technical assistance, and related support services for communities
interested in comprehensively addressing the needs of these youth.
OJJDP will also contribute $200,000 to and will administer the program.

Boys & Girls Clubs Demonstration--$4,350,000

BJA will provide resources to the Boys and Girls Clubs of America
to promote the establishment of Boys and Girls Clubs in public housing
and other at-risk communities.

Children At-Risk Program--$1,150,000

This program tests a variety of intervention strategies for
preventing and controlling illegal drugs, gun use, and related crime
and for fostering healthy development among young people from drug- and
crime-ridden neighborhoods. In FY 1995, an impact evaluation, technical
assistance with emphasis on community policing, and existing
demonstration sites will be continued. This program is joint venture
between BJA, OJJDP, and the Center for Addiction and Substance Abuse,
with additional funding provided by several foundations. OJJDP will
contribute $350,000 to the program.

Comprehensive Gang Initiative--$150,000

Under the Comprehensive Gang Initiative, BJA developed a model
comprehensive approach to gang issues that carefully balances
initiatives for prevention, intervention, and suppression. In FY 1995,
BJA will provide continuation funding for the four currently funded
projects and provide technical assistance to help other jurisdictions
experiencing emerging gang problems. OJJDP will contribute $600,000 to
this joint BJA/OJJDP effort.

Violence Reduction

Reduce the Availability of Illegal Weapons and Develop Programs to
Address Violence in Our Communities, Homes, Schools, and Workplaces
Efforts to reduce and prevent violence continue to be high
priorities in FY 1995. BJA's efforts will include the continuation and
expansion of programs to reduce the availability of illegal firearms,
prevent homicides, and reduce violence in our communities.
In FY 1993 and 1994, BJA began to address the increase in gun
violence and homicides through the initiation of a Firearms Licensee
Compliance Program, the establishment of a Firearms Investigative Task
Force Program, the creation of a Homicide Task Force, and other
initiatives. These programs will be expanded and built upon in
coordination with the U.S. Attorneys' Anti-Violence and Youth Handguns
Initiatives to assist State and local criminal justice agencies and
communities control and prevent street violence.
BJA will also continue its focus on domestic and relational
violence. According to the Surgeon General, the number one public
health risk to adult women in the United States is violence. For women
ages 15-44, violence is the leading cause of injuries. The nature and
prevalence of this problem has been dramatized by recent news events.
BJA developed a new initiative in FY 1993 to address violence against
women, including spouse abuse, child abuse, elder abuse, sexual
assault, and stalking. This initiative promotes a systems approach
which emphasizes criminal prosecution with comprehensive case follow-
through. This demonstration program will be evaluated and documented
this year to provide guidance to the States as they implement the
Violence Against Women Block Grant Program created by the Violent Crime
Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994.
New initiatives will be implemented to address the growing problem
of violence in the workplace and to create a National Major Gang Task
Force to track and respond to the growing interaction between street
and prison gangs. BJA will also participate in a public/private
partnership against violence in America which is a joint effort among
private and corporate foundations and several Federal agencies to help
local communities address violence.

Competitive

Homicide Investigation Enhancement Program--$300,000

The purpose of this program is to develop a model(s) to assist
jurisdictions faced with high and increasing rates of homicides by
increasing their capacity and ability to investigate homicides. One or
two demonstration sites will implement this model(s) and its various
procedures and policies as appropriate to their situation. The
development of the model(s) will be based on the Homicide Investigation
Enhancement Program at the Metropolitan Police Department (MPD),
District of Columbia. This program, funded in FY 1994, assisted the MPD
in restructuring its Homicide unit and its operations. In addition,
ways to utilize the resources and expertise of the Federal law
enforcement agencies, like the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the
U.S. Marshal's Service, will be explored. The Police Executive Research
Forum will develop this model(s) and provide technical assistance to
the demonstration sites.

Firearms Trafficking Program--$1,000,000

The purpose of the BJA Firearms Trafficking Program, working in
cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, is
to demonstrate effective strategies to reduce the level of violent
crime by controlling the illegal trafficking of firearms. The goals of
the program are to: (1) Reduce the number of Federal firearms licensees
and ensure that those who do obtain licenses have a legitimate reason
for doing so, and (2) reduce the level of firearms-related violent
crime in the demonstration sites. Applicants may address either of the
two program goals set forth for this program or develop a strategy
which combines both of the [[Page 21858]] program goals in a
comprehensive approach to reducing firearms-related violence. Three or
four demonstration sites will be funded.

Non-Competitive

Firearms Trafficking Program--$1,750,000

The Firearms Trafficking Program is designed to assist State and
local governments reduce incidents of violence by reducing the
availability of and the illegal trafficking in firearms. This program
contains several components which BJA has found to be effective or
promising in reducing the availability of firearms.
The Firearms Licensee Compliance Program enhances the
ability of State or local law enforcement agencies to conduct more
complete and comprehensive background investigations on applicants for
new or renewed Federal Firearms Licenses.
The Firearms Investigative Task Force Program is designed
to identify, target, investigate, and prosecute individuals and
dismantle organizations involved in the unlawful use, sale, or
acquisition of firearms in violation of the Federal and/or State
firearms laws.
Interstate Firearms Trafficking Program supports a
cooperative effort among the Governors of 14 States, the District of
Columbia, and the ATF to address the increase in violent crime
committed with firearms obtained through interstate trafficking of
guns.
Innovative Firearms Program assists State or local
jurisdictions in developing and implementing innovative new or enhanced
projects designed to control illicit firearms trafficking. In addition,
BJA, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP),
ATF, and U.S. Attorneys will work together to develop a State or local
project to implement the new Youth Handgun Safety Act. OJJDP will
contribute $250,000.

Public/Private Partnership Against Violence in America--$1,000,000

A Funding Collaborative, comprised of private and corporate
foundations, the Department of Justice, and other Federal agencies, has
been established to address violence in America, particularly violence
affecting children and youth. Local sites will be selected to
participate in this program on a competitive basis by the Funding
Collaborative.

Arson and Explosives--Investigation and Prosecution Training for
Prosecutors--$50,000

This program supports national training for State and local
prosecutors in the investigation and prosecution of arson and bombings
by addressing the personal and economic losses caused by incendiary and
suspicious fires. The U.S. Fire Administration will also contribute
$50,000 to this program.

Prison Gang Tracking System--$450,000

This program will support a National Major Gang Task Force designed
to provide a coordinated law enforcement and corrections response to
the growing interaction between street and prison gangs.

Firearms Legislation Program--$125,000

The purpose of this project is to develop a body of general
information about key provisions of States' firearms codes. The Office
for Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention contributed $52,500 to
this program.

Violence Against Women Demonstration Program--$400,000

This program is designed to demonstrate and assess a systems
approach to violence against women including spouse abuse, child abuse,
sexual assault, and stalking, which coordinates criminal prosecution
with comprehensive case follow-through of court orders, monitoring and
enforcement services, and protection for victims. This program will
provide continuation funding for three existing sites.

Violence Against Women Program--Training and Technical Assistance--
$150,000

A consortium, established between BJA, the American Prosecutors
Research Institute, and the National Council of Juvenile and Family
Court Judges, will assist the demonstration sites described above in
addressing the critical issues related to violence against women.

Goal II: Improve The Functioning Of The Criminal Justice System

Comprehensive Law Enforcement Initiatives

Enhance the Capacity of Law Enforcement Agencies To Disrupt Crime, Drug
Trafficking and Sales, and Violence
The Comprehensive Law Enforcement Initiatives are designed to
develop and test new programs and practices that enhance the
effectiveness of State and local law enforcement agencies in making our
communities safe from serious and violent criminals. In addition to
continuing several drug task force and financial investigation
demonstration programs in FY 1995, BJA will fund an Anti-Car Theft
Demonstration Program; a Major Crime Problem Solving Unit; and Gang
Organized Crime Narcotics and Violence Enforcement Task Forces. Under
these programs, new approaches to major crime and gang problems will be
developed, implemented, documented, and made available to other
jurisdictions.
Training and technical assistance related to Organized Crime
Narcotics (OCN) Enforcement, Financial Investigations, and Clandestine
Laboratory Investigation and Interdiction, which have been in great
demand by local agencies, will be continued. Training currently under
development through a BJA grant to the National Organization of Black
Law Enforcement Executives will be initiated in FY 1995 to enhance the
ability of law enforcement officers to draw on social and economic
support systems available in their community to assist minority
families.
BJA will also continue the National Law Enforcement Policy Center,
which provides a national resource for local agencies to use in
establishing and enhancing their policies and procedures. The Center
focuses on new and difficult issues facing local law enforcement
agencies. It is a valuable resource to many small- and medium-sized
departments that do not have the resources or expertise to conduct
research.

Competitive

Auto-theft Deterrence, Investigation and Prosecution Program--$200,000

The purpose of the Auto-Theft, Deterrence, Investigation, and
Prosecution Program is to develop, demonstrate, and assess effective
strategies to reduce the incidence of auto theft, carjackings and
trafficking in stolen motor vehicles or motor vehicle parts. It is
designed to: Develop new and innovative strategies to reduce, prevent
and deter motor vehicle theft and violence; develop tactical
coordination and interagency plans between law enforcement agencies and
prosecutors to increase the likelihood of arrest and prosecution for
motor vehicle theft and carjacking; and target repeat offenders. The 25
cities with the highest motor vehicle theft rates per 100,000
population in 1993 and/or the 15 cities with the highest number of
carjackings in 1992 are eligible to apply for one of two awards to be
made. See the Program Announcement and Application Kit for a list of
eligible cities. [[Page 21859]]

Non-Competitive

Anti-Car Theft Program--$300,000

The purpose of this program is to establish a National Stolen Auto
Part Information System to assist law enforcement agencies in tracking
parts from stolen vehicles.

Training and Technical Assistance to Rural Areas--$150,000

This program assists rural areas in the development of approaches
and strategies to address rising rates of crime, drug abuse and
violence through the provision of technical assistance and training
related to such issues as: Prevention, intervention, law enforcement,
prosecution, courts, corrections, and treatment.

Non-Traditional Law Enforcement Responses to Minority Families--
$150,000

The National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives, in
partnership with the Jefferson Institute, will continue the development
and implementation of a training program through which law enforcement
officers will be taught how to access a variety of community resources
to address problems facing minority families.

National Law Enforcement Policy Center--$200,000

The National Law Enforcement Policy Center, administered by the
International Association of Chiefs of Police, will continue to develop
and disseminate model policies for use by State and local law
enforcement agencies.

Washington Metropolitan Area Drug Enforcement Task Force--$2,000,000

The Washington, DC, Metropolitan Area Drug Enforcement Task Force
will continue to: (1) Provide a visible law enforcement presence; (2)
disrupt major links between drug suppliers, distributors, and users;
(3) initiate enforcement action against property owners who knowingly
allow their property to be used in the distribution of illicit drugs;
(4) develop comprehensive intelligence systems; and (5) coordinate with
appropriate agencies regarding illegal firearms used by drug
organizations.

Major Crime Problem Solving Unit--$400,000

The North Miami Beach Police Department will expand its innovative
community policing approach to the detective function.

Chicago Building Interdiction Team Efforts--$500,000

This program will continue the Chicago Building Interdiction Team
(BITE), a joint effort of the Chicago and the Chicago Housing Authority
Police Departments, in the Robert Taylor Homes/Gateway Gardens Public
Housing Developments. It is designed to regain control of these
developments from gangs committing violent crime, particularly firearms
crimes, and restore tenant confidence in law enforcement agencies.

Organized Crime Narcotics (OCN) Program--Technical Assistance--$300,000

This program will continue to provide technical assistance to the
OCN projects, that are demonstrating the effectiveness of law
enforcement agencies working together under a shared management concept
to attack multijurisdictional criminal conspiracies involving
narcotics.

Gang OCN Violence Enforcement Program--$500,000

This program is designed to assist local law enforcement and
prosecution agencies in addressing the growing problem of gang-related
violence, with a special focus on drugs and firearms. Two sites will be
selected to gather intelligence and develop investigative and
prosecutorial strategies designed to weaken the structure and
activities of violent gangs.

Statewide Intelligence Sharing (SIS) Program--Demonstration and
Technical Assistance--$850,000

This program will continue to develop, implement, and demonstrate
the efficacy of centrally coordinated statewide narcotics intelligence
sharing, using the OCN approach to system design, management, and
operation. The four SIS projects will be continued in FY 1995.

Financial Investigations (FINVEST)--Demonstration and Technical
Assistance--$900,000

The FINVEST sites will continue to demonstrate the effectiveness of
coordinated multijurisdictional financial investigations and
prosecutions, using the shared management concept and attacking the
profit motive of illegal narcotics trafficking at the State and local
levels.

OCN/FINVEST--Multi-Agency Response Training Project--$650,000

The Multi-Agency Response Training Project will continue to help
State and local agencies address management issues and provide
dedicated training and technical assistance in support of the OCN--New
Directions, Statewide Integrated Resources Model, the Financial
Investigations Demonstration Programs, as well as for other State and
locally funded multi-agency task forces.

Financial Investigation and Money Laundering--Training and Technical
Assistance--$250,000

This program will enable the National Association of Attorneys
General to continue comprehensive program development initiatives,
develop program documentation, and provide training and technical
assistance to State Attorneys General to assist them in conducting
complex financial investigations of and prosecuting illicit drug
enterprises.

Clandestine Laboratory Training and Certification $300,000

The Clandestine Laboratory Model Enforcement Program assists State
and local policymakers and practitioners develop policies, procedures
and programs related to the hazardous chemicals problems associated
with clandestine laboratories. In FY 1995, training and followup
technical assistance will be provided in approximately nine locations
by The Circle, Inc. BJA funding will also enable the Drug Enforcement
Administration (DEA) to continue to provide regional safety
certification training to State and local law enforcement officers.

Community-Focused Adjudication

Improve the Effectiveness and Efficiency of All Aspects of the
Adjudication Process
BJA is committed to the development of partnerships among the
various components of the criminal justice system to focus on problem
solving in the adjudication process and in the wider community.
The Community Focused Adjudication programs address a wide variety
of issues facing all of the players in the adjudication process: The
courts, local prosecutors, and defense attorneys. A number of the
programs, such as Tribal Courts, Partnerships for the Improvement of
Adjudication, Technical Assistance to State Courts, and the National
Judicial College, are designed to enhance the capacity of State and
local judges and court systems effectively and efficiently to process
the large numbers of cases and to address the complex issues that are
presented to the courts.
BJA is also committed to assisting State and local courts expand
[[Page 21860]] sentencing or referral options to better meet the needs
of the community, the victim, and the offender. The Drug Court Resource
Center and the Denial of Federal Benefits Program, which will be
continued in FY 1995, help to make such options available to judges.
BJA is also committed to assisting State and local prosecutors
address new and complex issues such as the growing problem of fraud and
abuse by health care providers. As with other components of the
criminal justice system, BJA will continue to support activities which
encourage prosecutors to work more closely with and be more responsive
to the needs of the communities they serve.

Competitive

Adjudication Partnership--$250,000

The purpose of this program is to enhance the State and local
adjudication process by improving practices and partnerships among the
various components of the criminal justice system. Innovative,
coordinated adjudication efforts across component systems will be
identified, documented, and assessed. A symposium will be held to
discuss the barriers to cooperation as well as creative methods of
overcoming those impediments. One award will be made. Two jurisdictions
will receive subawards of $50,000 each to implement model programs.

Improving the Interaction Among State, Tribal, and Federal Courts--
$200,000

In close collaboration with the tribal courts, this program will
improve the interrelations of State, tribal and Federal courts. The
goals of the program are to identify and develop a long-range research,
demonstration, and training agenda to improve tribal, State, and
Federal court relations; provide direct technical assistance to tribal
courts on issues of court organization, personnel management,
facilities, automation, caseflow, evaluation, and criminal justice
records; and enhance the tribal administration of justice by helping
prosecutors, probation officers, and judges develop long term plans and
strategies with the tribal government. One award will be made.

Litigation Project--$100,000

The purpose of this program is to examine the impact of pro se
inmate litigation and to document innovative methods to address the
growing demands on State Attorneys General, Federal (and to a limited
extent, State) courts, and State correctional departments caused by
State prisoners' direct access and appeal to the courts. The program
will identify and develop strategies to assist civil and criminal
justice agencies in dealing with the increase in inmate litigation;
develop and initiate stringent screening procedures to determine which
cases have sufficient merit to proceed in forma pauperis; and produce
more efficient case management systems for managing and disposing of
pro se inmate litigation. A single award will be made to an educational
institution, not-for profit private organization, prosecution agency or
State court.

Health Care Fraud Investigation and Prosecution Demonstration--$600,000

The purpose of this program is to develop a prototype Statewide
Health Care Fraud Prosecution Unit capable of investigating and
prosecuting all types of health care fraud. It will provide support for
the planning, organization and implementation of demonstration health
care fraud prosecution units. The program will assess and document
State Attorney General's leadership role in directing and coordinating
complex health care fraud investigations. Grant awards of up to
$200,000 each will be awarded to up to three State Attorneys General
offices.

Non-Competitive

Health Care Fraud Investigation and Prosecution Training and Technical
Assistance--$250,000

This project will enable the National Association of Attorneys
General to work with the demonstration sites described above to develop
prototype strategies for conducting health care fraud investigations
and prosecutions by State Attorneys General, including health care
consumer fraud, Medicaid fraud, and fraud against traditional insurance
companies and HMOs.

Community Prosecution--$250,000

BJA and NIJ will conduct a joint effort in FY 1995, to assess the
state of the art in community prosecution and develop a program
initiative that will move this important community-based effort to its
next phase of development and implementation. This effort will build on
the American Prosecutors Research Institute's earlier work to define
and document community prosecution.

Model State Drug Enforcement and Treatment Statutes--$200,000

This program will continue the education and promotion of
comprehensive model State drug laws which significantly reduce, with
the goal to eliminate, substance abuse through effective use and
coordination of enforcement, treatment, education, prevention,
community, and corrections resources.

Technical Assistance to State Courts--$150,000

American University will provide technical assistance to State
courts that request help in addressing specific problems related to
such issues as case processing and backlog, family violence and
protective orders, sentencing, and other emerging problems.

Denial of Federal Benefits--$125,000

This program provides an information system for the courts to use
to notify the Federal government about offenders convicted of certain
drug-related offenses that disqualify them from receiving various
Federal benefits, including contracts and grants.

Drug-Related Legal Education for Judges--$100,000

The National Judicial College will provide approximately 175
scholarships to State and local trial court judges to attend training
on subjects identified by the Administration as high priorities, such
as Alcohol and Other Drugs and the Courts; Domestic Violence; Equal
Justice in the Courts; and Effective Sentencing and Probation
Management for Judges and Probation Officers.

DNA Legal Assistance Unit--$150,000

This project will fill the void created when the Federal Bureau of
Investigation discontinues DNA testing and related legal and technical
services for local prosecutors.

Correctional Options, Boot Camps, and Treatment

Assist States in Freeing Prison Space for Serious and Violent Offenders
Through the Design, Development, and Implementation of Effective
Correctional Options for Nonviolent Offenders
The purpose of the Correctional Options Program is to help States
plan, design, develop, implement, and evaluate innovative alternatives
to traditional modes of incarceration for youthful offenders, including
offender education, training, work, skill development, substance abuse
treatment, and transitional release programs.
The program operates under the authority established by Title XVIII
of the Crime Control Act of 1990 and provides grants to both public
agencies and private organizations. The goals of the Correctional
Options Program are to reduce the costs of incarceration, relieve
prison and jail crowding, lower recidivism rates for youthful
offenders, [[Page 21861]] and introduce innovation in correctional
practices.
Congress appropriated $12 million for this program in FY 1995,
which is allocated by Congress among the three program areas described
below. The balance of the allocation for Part I will be awarded under
the Comprehensive Communities Program for Community-based Alternatives
to Incarceration.

Part I--Demonstration Programs--$8,250,000

The purpose of this program is to demonstrate the development and
implementation of correctional options within existing correctional
systems. The term ``correctional option'' includes community-based
incarceration, weekend incarceration, correctional boot camps,
transitional programs and aftercare services, drug courts, day
reporting, structured fines, electronic monitoring, intensive
probation, and other innovative sanctions designed to have the greatest
impact on offenders who can be dealt with more effectively in a
nontraditional correctional environment.
Some sites, funded with demonstration grants in FY 1992 and FY
1993, will receive continuation funding. Up to 10 new sites will be
selected competitively from among the 24 sites funded with planning
grants in FY 1994, to receive Correctional Options Demonstration
Grants.
BJA will also provide $1.5 million to support two demonstration
sites for the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency's (OJJDP)
Accountability Based Community Intervention Program. In addition,
$500,000 has been allocated to support OJJDP's Intensive Aftercare
Program.
From Part I, $1.35 million has been allocated for the development
of community-based alternatives to incarceration under the
Comprehensive Communities Program.

Part II--Training and Technical Assistance--$1,200,000

The purpose of this program is to make grants to private, nonprofit
organizations to provide training and technical assistance to criminal
justice personnel and establish small, innovative demonstration
projects. In FY 1995, the Correctional Options Technical Assistance and
Support Program will continue to provide services to public agencies
that have been awarded Part I grants for demonstration programs and
Part III grants for correctional boot camps. The program will also
implement a nationwide outreach program to jurisdictions seeking to
plan, develop, implement, improve, or expand alternatives to
traditional modes of incarceration.
As described below, the nationwide outreach program will include
the efforts of a number of other nonprofit organizations with
specialized areas of expertise, some of which will not receive new
awards in FY 1995.
Treatment Alternatives for Special Clients (TASC)--The
National Consortium of TASC Programs will provide technical assistance
and training on developing linkages between treatment and criminal
justice.
American Probation and Parole Association (APPA) will
provide technical assistance and training on Intensive Supervision
Programs and mobilizing community involvement and support for
correctional options programs.
The Sentencing Project will provide training and technical
assistance on defense-based sentencing initiatives.
The American Correctional Association will convene a
National Meeting to Promote Correctional Options, support follow-up
regional meetings and training sessions, and provide training and
technical assistance to support the Federal Surplus Property Program.
Productive Work and Employment Preparedness--The
Correctional Industries Association (CIA) will provide technical
assistance and support to the Prison Industries Enhancement and
Certification Program. BJA will also continue to provide technical
assistance and program development to support productive work
opportunities in local jails, through a continuation grant to the Jail
Work and Industries Center.
Structured Sentencing-- The National Council on Crime and
Delinquency will complete a study of structured sentencing practices
and experiences nationwide and will develop a dissemination and
technical assistance initiative.
Telecommunications to Support Correctional Options--The
Community Corrections Improvement Association will develop
informational and training videos, a national satellite teleconference
on correctional options, and other telecommunications products, such as
telephone training conferences, computer bulletin boards, or regional
teleconferences.
Transitional and Aftercare Services--The VERA Institute
will provide technical assistance and support to strengthen
transitional and aftercare services available to youthful offenders
that successfully complete correctional boot camp programs. It will
also support the design of community-based intervention services for
drug dependent offenders.
Prosecutor and Public Defender Training--The Institute for
Law and Justice will continue to work with prosecutors and public
defenders to promote a greater understanding of the issues that
influence the development, implementation, and successful operation of
correctional options.

Part III--Boot Camps--$1,200,000

The purpose of this program is to develop and test the
effectiveness of correctional boot camps as a correctional option.
Sites that received boot camp implementation grants in FY 1992 and FY
1993 will be eligible to receive continuation funding in FY 1995. Funds
will also be available to support boot camp applications developed by
FY 1994 planning grant recipients.

Criminal Aliens Initiatives

Enhance the Ability of State and Local Agencies, in conjunction with
the Immigration and Naturalization Service, To Apprehend and Deport
Criminal Aliens
The number of criminal aliens being arrested and incarcerated is
increasing, adding to the already enormous criminal justice caseload
and to the crowding in our jails and prisons. An estimated 100,000
illegal aliens convicted of felonies reside in our Federal, State, and
local correctional/detention facilities. The identification and
deportation of criminal aliens are high priorities for the Department
of Justice. BJA, in conjunction with the Immigration and Naturalization
Service (INS), will continue to assist State and local law enforcement
and corrections agencies in addressing the problems associated with the
investigation of criminal aliens involved in drug trafficking and other
serious crime as well as the impact of criminal aliens detained in
State correctional systems.

Non-Competitive

Criminal Alien Identification and Intervention--$1,000,000

The Criminal Alien Identification and Intervention Program is
designed to enable the earliest possible identification of aliens
arrested for felony offenses through INS's Law Enforcement Support
Center (LESC). During FY 1995, the six States that have documented the
largest alien populations in their correctional systems will continue
to serve as demonstration sites. Technical assistance will be provided
by the [[Page 21862]] Institute for Intergovernmental Research.

Training in Anti-Drug Activities and Cultural Differences Involving
Illegal Aliens--$125,000

This project will, through a collaborative effort between the
International Association of Chiefs of Police and INS, continue to
present a series of training seminars to local law enforcement officers
that will enable them more effectively to investigate crimes involving
criminal aliens.

Evaluation, System Improvement, and Information Dissemination

Evaluate the Effectiveness of Funded Programs, Disseminate Results, and
Enhance the Ability of Criminal Justice Agencies To Use New Information
Technologies
The primary purpose of the programs in this program area is to
determine ``what works'' in crime control/prevention and criminal
justice system improvement and to disseminate that information to
practitioners throughout the country. BJA will continue to work with
the National Institute of Justice to support the evaluation of BJA-
funded Discretionary and Formula Grant Programs. BJA will also continue
to support the building of an evaluation capacity at the State and
local levels to increase the quality and quantity of programs funded
with formula grant and local resources.
Dissemination of the evaluation results is accomplished through the
BJA Clearinghouse and Response Center, conferences, publications,
technical assistance, and training.
The other important purpose of this program area is to enhance the
capacity of State and local criminal justice agencies to share
intelligence information and to use information system technology.

Non-Competitive

Evaluation--$1,500,000

This program will be implemented by the National Institute of
Justice (NIJ) which will evaluate several BJA funded programs and then
disseminate information to States and local jurisdictions on ``what
works'' against crime and violence. Additionally BJA and NIJ will
convene a national conference on ``Evaluating Violent Crime and Drug
Abuse Initiatives.''

Operational Systems Support Training and Technical Assistance--
$1,000,000

This program will continue to provide training and technical
assistance on criminal justice information management, the use of
microcomputer technology among criminal justice agencies, and the
operational benefits of technology. An award will be made to SEARCH
Group, Inc.--the National Consortium for Justice Information and
Statistics.

Federal/State/Local Partnership Conference--$200,000

This project will enable BJA to hold a conference with State and
local governmental and criminal justice officials to discuss issues
related to crime and violence in America.

Technical Assistance and Training to State and Local Criminal Justice
Agencies--$1,500,000

This program will provide training and technical assistance to
States, local, and Native American Indian jurisdictions in developing
and implementing comprehensive strategies. It also encourages States to
include the programs and strategies developed through BJA's
Discretionary Program in their State violent crime and drug control
strategies developed under the Formula Grant Program.

Peer Review Services--$150,000

Applications submitted to BJA in response to a competitive program
announcement are reviewed by a panel of independent experts who have
experience and expertise in the subject area. A Peer Review Services
contract provides administrative support and pays the expenses of the
reviewers.

Department of Justice Response Center and BJA Clearinghouse--$1,139,000

This program supports the BJA Clearinghouse which serves as an
information and dissemination source for the criminal justice field.
BJA is also responsible for the management of the Department of Justice
Response Center, which provides timely and accurate information on
Department of Justice initiatives.

Report Publication and Dissemination--$200,000

This allocation enables BJA to produce and disseminate information
to the criminal justice field about state-of-the-art programs and
activities to improve the criminal justice system through publications
and other media materials (e.g., brochures, pamphlets, videos, and
updating electronic bulletin boards).

Regional Information Sharing Systems--$14,500,000

The Regional Information Sharing Systems (RISS) program is composed
of six regional projects that share intelligence and coordinate efforts
of State and local law enforcement against criminal networks that
operate in many locations across jurisdictional lines. In FY 1995, all
RISS projects will enhance gang and firearms intelligence, provide
linkages within RISS and outreach linkages to other systems, and assist
the U.S. Attorneys antiviolence initiative.

National White Collar Crime Information Center--$1,400,000

The National White Collar Crime Center takes the lead in multi-
State investigations of white collar crimes including but not limited
to: Investment fraud, telemarketing fraud, securities fraud, boiler
room operations, and advanced fee loans.

Immediate Response to Emerging Problems--$1,500,000

This program will provide BJA the resources to respond quickly to
emerging problems or target ``hot spot'' areas by providing programs,
training, and/or technical assistance to State and local criminal
justice agencies.

Automated Speech Recognition--$200,000

BJA will provide an award to Advanced Solutions Group of South
Carolina to develop automated speech storage and retrieval software and
automated speech recognition for input into database fields, in order
to reduce the time that law enforcement officers devote to preparing
incident reports and to fulfilling other reporting requirements.

State and Local Evaluation Capacity Building Initiative--$1,000,000

Technical assistance and training will be provided by the Justice
Research and Statistics Association to State and local agencies
responsible for implementing, monitoring, evaluating, and developing
reporting mechanisms for violent crime and drug control programs
implemented under the Byrne Formula Grant Program.
Nancy E. Gist,
Director, Bureau of Justice Assistance.

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Final
Comprehensive Program Plan for Fiscal Year 1995 and Notification of the
Availability of the FY 1995 Competitive Discretionary Assistance
Program and Application Kit

Introduction

The Nation's juvenile justice system stands at a crossroads. We are
faced with a disturbing increase in violent [[Page 21863]] crimes
committed by juveniles and an alarming rise in abuse, neglect, and
street violence perpetrated against American youth. In light of this
emerging crisis, we can no longer afford a narrow focus by separate
disciplines to attack this problem. To effectively address the rising
levels of juvenile crime, participants from all community sectors,
public and private, and across specializations, must plan
collaboratively and comprehensively to reduce violence and build safer
and healthier communities. Collectively, we must launch a two-pronged
assault on juvenile delinquency and violence, and their causes.
Prevention and early intervention programs, coupled with a strong focus
on law enforcement and a comprehensive system of graduated sanctions
are crucial to this battle.
The public's fear of youth violence is well founded. Assuming that
juvenile violent crime arrest rates increase annually at the rate they
have in the past decade, juvenile violent crime arrests would more than
double by the year 2010. The Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform
Crime Reports for 1992-1993 show that the greatest increase in arrests
of violent offenders involves children under the age of 18. Offenders
under the age of 15 show the greatest increase in offenses involving
the use of weapons. No place is a haven. Our neighborhoods, our schools
and our homes are becoming increasingly violent. In 1992, 1.55 million
violent crimes were committed against juveniles age 12 to 17, a 23.4%
increase since 1987. The increased use of weapons, particularly
firearms, by juveniles has created a climate of fear both for and of
our children.
An increased emphasis on law enforcement and corrections has been
the most common response to rising levels of juvenile violent crime.
Assuredly, our communities have a vital stake in ensuring that serious,
violent and chronic offenders are removed from the street. However,
providing more detention beds and secure commitment facilities and
increasing prosecution of juveniles as adults can only protect our
communities in the short term. Such measures alone cannot put an end to
youth violence. While we need to take immediate steps to protect our
communities today, programs that prevent delinquency and violence
tomorrow are the greatest hope for the future.
We must intensify our efforts to prevent delinquency by seeking
ways to target services to youth and families at risk and to intervene
immediately to hold first time juvenile offenders accountable before
they become serious, violent, or chronic delinquents or graduate to
become adult criminals. Working with our communities, we must integrate
a system of support for families and children that will help them live
in a safe and healthy environment. America's children should awaken
each morning in homes that are free of child abuse and neglect; they
should attend schools that are free of drugs, gangs, and guns; and
after school, they should be able to play in parks that are safe and
return to homes that provide a nurturing and supportive atmosphere.
Much of the public debate about juvenile delinquency centers on at-
risk youth. If we are to provide early and effective intervention to
prevent delinquency, we must begin by more precisely targeting at-risk
children and families, but we should not exclude any child who needs
services.
The road to adulthood has become increasingly hazardous in our
society, and many families have broken apart. We must strengthen and
preserve families. In particular, we must help families provide their
children with the support that young people need to become productive
and law abiding citizens.
If we are serious about combating crime, we must start early to
ensure the healthy development of our children. We know that the early
years of life are highly significant in a child's development. It is
during that period that children learn empathy from caring adults with
whom they have secure attachments and develop a sense of trust derived
from parental responsiveness and loving attention.
Therefore, it is critical to:
Offer parents the tools they need to nurture their children
effectively, through parent training classes and home visitation
programs, including parents of offenders and juvenile offenders who are
teen parents.
Enable children to enter kindergarten ready for school with a
chance to succeed, through programs such as Head Start and HIPPY (Home
Instruction Program for Preschool Youngsters).
Keep students in school, where they can acquire the tools to
become self-sufficient through truancy and dropout prevention and
intervention programs.
Give youth a positive alternative to being out on the street
and the violence this encourages through after-school activities and
conflict resolution programs.
Provide youth with positive role models through mentoring
programs.
There are clear correlations between child abuse and neglect and
increased delinquency and violence. A National Institute of Justice
study on the cycle of violence reports that childhood abuse and neglect
increase the likelihood of arrest as a juvenile and as an adult. The
direct connection between violence and child neglect is striking: 12.5
percent of neglected children and 15.8 percent of physically abused
children will be arrested for a violent offense by the age of 25. An
ongoing OJJDP study on the causes and correlates of delinquency found
that adolescents from families in which two or more forms of violence
are present (e.g. child and spouse abuse) are almost twice as likely to
report committing violent offenses as their peers from nonviolent
families.
Thousands of alleged incidents of child abuse and neglect are
reported to authorities every day. These reports must be handled within
systems that are ill-equipped to properly investigate cases, report
adequately to the court, or provide effective protective supervision,
appropriate foster care, or timely permanent placement. As a result,
children may be harmed by the very systems designed to protect them.
The juvenile justice system's inability to properly deal with the
deluge of abuse and neglect cases is devastating families.
In addition to manageable caseloads, child protective service
workers, investigators, police officers, and others responsible for
protecting children need expert training in child development and
investigative techniques. This will enable them to gather the
information needed to make legal determinations while displaying
sensitivity to the child and the family. To effectively manage their
cases, court counselors must have sufficient time to get the critical
details needed to make appropriate recommendations regarding such
matters as placement and future court action. Social workers must have
adequate time to work with families, ensure compliance with court
orders, and, above all, ensure the safety of children. Monitoring a
child's status in foster care and minimizing the trauma of out-of-home
placement is a time consuming responsibility. Judges need the time to
thoughtfully and thoroughly deliberate in order to render informed
decisions that are in the best interests of the child, justice and
society. Finally, necessary resources to meet the treatment needs of
the child and the family must be available in the community.
The juvenile justice system must also be strengthened if we are to
reduce delinquency and juvenile violence. [[Page 21864]] There must be
a full range of graduated sanctions designed to meet the needs of each
juvenile in the juvenile justice system. We have learned that immediate
intervention programs, based on a proper assessment, are a critical
need the first time a juvenile commits an offense. A variety of
innovative early intervention programs for first-time, nonviolent
offenders have been implemented successfully. They include neighborhood
resource teams, informal probation, peer mediation, community service,
victim awareness programs, restitution, day treatment, alternative
education, and outpatient alcohol and drug abuse treatment. These types
of programs need to be replicated across America.
We must ensure that appropriate sanctions are available for more
serious offenders and for offenders who have failed to benefit from the
early interventions described above. Such sanctions include drug
testing, weekend detention, intensive supervision for probationers,
inpatient drug and alcohol abuse treatment, electronic monitoring,
community-based residential programs and boot camps.
Secure facilities are needed for serious, violent, and chronic
offenders who require a structured treatment environment or who
threaten community safety. If a review of the nature of the offense,
the offender's amenability to treatment, and the offender's record
indicate that the juvenile justice system cannot provide appropriate
services and adequately protect the community, the prosecution of such
offenders in the criminal courts is both appropriate and necessary.
Finally, aftercare, or ``community care,'' must be more than an
afterthought. Such services must be an integral aspect of all
dispositions involving residential placement and include the active
involvement of the child's family. It makes little sense to intervene
in a significant way in children's lives only to send those children
back into the same environment without a support system for the family
and child. OJJDP's intensive aftercare program is developing both the
programmatic and policy underpinnings for enhancing our efforts in this
vital area.
Existing research points to the efficacy of a community-wide,
comprehensive, multi-dimensional approach. This approach should include
family support, prevention programs, immediate and intermediate
sanctions, small secure facilities for the most serious offenders, and
sound re-entry and aftercare services. As a result of research and
evaluation, we can now point to a variety of program models proven to
reduce delinquency and control youth violence. In these times of
limited resources, program development should be predicated on this
knowledge and innovative demonstration programs should be evaluated to
measure their impact. Information, technical assistance, and training
on the most promising programs should be provided as quickly and
broadly as possible.
Protecting our communities and protecting our children: this two-
part strategy lies at the heart of OJJDP's leadership of the Nation's
efforts to prevent and combat delinquency and of the programs proposed
in this plan. Community-based, collaborative efforts that involve
comprehensive strategies aimed at reducing delinquency and youth
violence will be critical to our success. Federal departments whose
programs affect youth must work in an interdisciplinary manner,
adopting this approach. With the tools now at hand--including enhanced
community-oriented policing, delinquency prevention and intervention
programs, and new correctional programs and facilities--we have an
opportunity to build prevention and intervention strategies that can be
implemented to reduce juvenile delinquency and violence across America.

OJJDP's Comprehensive Response

The Justice Department has called for an unprecedented national
commitment of public and private resources to reverse the rising trend
of juvenile violence and victimization. OJJDP's Comprehensive Strategy
for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders, which outlines
the two principal components of prevention and intervention, is the
centerpiece of this call for action.
The prevention component of the Strategy calls for establishing
community-based planning teams and collaborative efforts between the
juvenile justice system and other service systems, including mental
health, health, child welfare, and education. To be effective,
delinquency prevention programs should be based on a risk-focused
approach in which communities systematically assess their delinquency
problem in relation to known risk factors and implement programs to
counteract them.
A key strategy to counter risk factors for delinquency in young
people's lives is to enhance protective factors that fall into three
basic categories: (1) Individual characteristics (having a resilient
temperament or a positive orientation), (2) bonding (positive
relationships with adult role models), and (3) healthy beliefs and
clear standards.
The intervention component of the Comprehensive Strategy is based
on a model for the treatment and rehabilitation of delinquent offenders
that combines accountability and sanctions with increasingly intensive
treatment and rehabilitation. Families must be integrated into
treatment and rehabilitative efforts at each stage of this continuum.
Aftercare must be a formal component of all residential placements,
actively involving the family and the community in supporting and
reintegrating the juvenile into the community.
The intervention component also calls for a range of graduated
sanctions to provide both immediate interventions and intermediate
sanctions, including extensive use of nonresidential community-based
programs. Many serious, violent, and chronic offenders will require the
use of secure detention to protect the community and provide a
structured treatment environment.
To expand implementation of the Comprehensive Strategy, OJJDP will
fund several key initiatives in fiscal year 1995 designed to assist
both urban and rural communities to address youth violence.
The National Council on Crime and Delinquency and Developmental
Research and Programs have identified the most effective, promising
programs for use in implementing the Comprehensive Strategy. Reports
will be published on:
Effective prevention strategies from birth to age six.
Selected prevention strategies for early childhood and
adolescence.
Effective and promising graduated sanctions programs for
serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offenders.
Use of risk assessment and classification instruments.
These reports will be combined with an operations manual, which
communities can use as a blueprint to assess their efforts in the areas
of prevention and graduated sanctions to design and implement
improvements that respond to community-identified needs.
Extensive efforts to coordinate and develop solutions to youth
violence are ongoing at the Federal level. For example, a national
conference, Solving Youth Violence: Partnerships that Work, was held in
1994. OJJDP is providing extensive technical assistance and training to
four pilot jurisdictions in an interdepartmental initiative called
Project PACT (Pulling America's Communities Together). The Denver
metropolitan area, the District of [[Page 21865]] Columbia, the Atlanta
metropolitan area, and the State of Nebraska are developing coordinated
solutions to violence. Key officials and community leaders are being
trained and assisted in assessing the local adult and juvenile violence
problem and mobilizing their justice system responses and resources to
develop system-wide solutions. Staff are being trained in establishing
effective delinquency prevention programs using a risk-focused strategy
and in intervention efforts employing a range of graduated sanctions
for juveniles in the juvenile justice system.
OJJDP is participating in a collaborative effort with the Bureau of
Justice Assistance called the Comprehensive Communities Program, in
which cities or counties faced with high rates of drug-related crime
and violence are developing a comprehensive strategy for crime- and
drug-control that requires law enforcement and other government
agencies to work in partnership with the community to address these
problems by focusing on the environment that fosters them.

Program Plan Contents

Overview

1992 JJDP Act Amendments
Fiscal Year 1995 Program Planning Activities
Discretionary Program Activities
Discretionary Grant Continuation Policy
OJJDP Funding Policy
Application and Further Information
Strengthening of the Juvenile Justice System
Public Safety and Law Enforcement
Delinquency Prevention
Missing, Exploited and Abused Children
Fiscal Year 1995 Programs
Fiscal Year 1995 Program Listing

Overarching Programs

New Programs
SafeFutures: Partnerships to Reduce Youth Violence and Delinquency
Information and Statistics Projects
OJJDP Management Evaluation Contract
Technical Assistance for State Legislatures
Contra Costa County, California Continuum of Care Program*
Evaluation of SafeFutures: Partnerships to Reduce Youth Violence and
Delinquency Program

Overarching Programs

Continuation Programs
Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse
Coalition for Juvenile Justice*
OJJDP Technical Assistance Support Contract: Juvenile Justice Resource
Center
National Juvenile Court Data Archive*
Juvenile Justice Statistics and Systems Development
Insular Area Support*
Development of OJJDP's Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and
Chronic Juvenile Offenders
Research Program on Juveniles Taken Into Custody--NCCD
Children in Custody--Census
Contract for the Evaluation of OJJDP Programs
Pulling America's Communities Together (PACT) Program Development
Juveniles Taken Into Custody (JTIC): Interagency Agreement
Juvenile Justice Data Resources

Strengthening Juvenile Justice

New Programs
Mental Health in the Juvenile Justice System
Bethesda Day Treatment Center
Interventions to Reduce Disproportionate Minority Confinement in Secure
Detention and Correctional Facilities (The Deborah M. Wysinger Memorial
Program)
The Juvenile Justice Prosecution Center
Technical Assistance to Juvenile Corrections and Detention (The James
E. Gould Memorial Program)

Strengthening Juvenile Justice

Continuation Programs
Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offender Treatment Program
Juvenile Court Training*
Intensive Community-Based Aftercare Demonstration and Technical
Assistance Program
Native American Alternative Community-Based Program
Training for Juvenile Corrections and Detention Staff
Technical Assistance to the Juvenile Courts*
Due Process Advocacy Program Development
Improvement in Correctional Education for Juvenile Offenders
Robeson County, North Carolina*
P.A.C.E., Center for Girls, Inc.*
Juvenile Restitution: Balanced Approach
Evaluation of Intensive Community-Based Aftercare Demonstration and
Technical Assistance Program
Douglas County, Nebraska*
Professional Development for Youth Workers
Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania*

Public Safety and Law Enforcement

New Programs
Gangs and Delinquency Research
Field-Initiated Gang Research Program
Juvenile Transfers to Criminal Court Studies
Innovative Firearms Program
Gangs, Groups, Individuals, and Violence Intervention
Youth Handgun Study/Model Juvenile Handgun Legislation

Public Safety and Law Enforcement

Continuation Programs
Law Enforcement Training and Technical Assistance Program
Comprehensive Communities Program--Comprehensive Gang Initiative
Targeted Outreach with a Gang Prevention and Intervention Component
(Boys and Girls Clubs)
Comprehensive Gang Initiative
Violence Studies*
Violence Study--Causes and Correlates
Child Centered Community-Oriented Policing
National School Safety Center
Enhancing Enforcement Strategies for Juvenile Impaired Driving Due to
Alcohol and Other Drug Use
Training in Cultural Differences for Law Enforcement/Juvenile Justice
Officials

Delinquency Prevention

New Programs
Community-Based Gang Intervention
Family Strengthening and SupportIncluding Non-English Speaking
Comprehensive Community-Based Services for At-Risk Girls and
Adjudicated Juvenile Female Offenders
Innovative Approaches in Law-Related Education*
Training in Risk-Focused Prevention Strategies
Pathways to Success
Truancy
North Omaha B.E.A.R.S. (Building Esteem and Responsibility
Systematically) Program*
Training and Technical Assistance for Family-Strengthening Services
Youth-Centered Conflict Resolution
ASAP: Athlete Student Achievement Pact*
Project Mister/Project Sister*
Facing History and Ourselves*
La Nueva Vida*
Henry Ford Heath System*
Anti-Crime Youth Council*

Delinquency Prevention

Continuation Programs
Law-Related Education (LRE)*
Teens, Crime, and Community: Teens in Action in the 90s*
Satellite Prep School Program and Early Elementary School for
Privatized Public Housing [[Page 21866]]
Children at Risk
Nonviolent Dispute Resolution
The Congress of National Black Churches: National Anti-Drug Abuse
Program
``Just Say No'' International*
Jackie Robinson Center (JRC)*
Cities in Schools--Federal Interagency Partnership Hate Crimes
Community Anti-Drug Abuse Technical Assistance Voucher Project
Race Against Drugs

Missing, Exploited and Abused Children

New Programs
Lowcountry Children's Center, Inc.*
KidsPeace*
Multipurpose Educational Curriculum for Young Victims

Missing, Exploited and Abused Children

Continuation Programs
Parents Anonymous, Inc.*
Permanent Families for Abused and Neglected Children*
Children as Witnesses to Community Violence

Discussion of Comments

Overview

OJJDP was established by the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention Act of 1974 (Pub. L. 93-415), as amended, to provide a
comprehensive, coordinated approach to prevent and control juvenile
crime and improve the juvenile justice system. Under Title II, OJJDP
administers the State Formula Grants and State Challenge programs in 56
States and territories, funds more than 100 national, State and local
projects through its Special Emphasis Discretionary Grant Program and
its National Institute for Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention,
and funds projects under both Part D (Gangs) and Part G (Mentoring)
programs.
OJJDP serves as the staff agency for the Coordinating Council on
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, coordinates the
Concentration of Federal Efforts Program, and all Federal activities
related to juvenile justice and delinquency prevention, and administers
the Title IV Missing and Exploited Children's Program, the Title V
Prevention Incentive Grants Program, and programs under the Victims of
Child Abuse Act of 1990, as amended (42 U.S.C. 13001 et seq.).

1992 JJDP Act Amendments

The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Amendments of 1992
(Public Law 92-586) expanded the role of OJJDP in Federal efforts to
prevent and treat juvenile delinquency and improve the juvenile justice
system by including three new priorities: strengthening the families of
delinquents; improving State and local administration of justice and
services to juveniles; and assisting States and local communities in
preventing youth from entering the justice system. The Amendments
encourage coordination of services, interagency cooperation, and
parental involvement in treatment and services for juveniles. Seven new
studies were mandated. The Comptroller General is in the process of
completing five of these studies: (1) Juveniles waived, certified, or
transferred to adult court, (2) Admissions of juveniles with behavior
disorders to private psychiatric hospitals, (3) Gender bias in State
juvenile justice systems, (4) Native American pass-through under the
Formula Grants Program, and (5) Access to counsel in juvenile court
proceedings. OJJDP is conducting the other two studies: one on the
incidence, nature, and causes of violence committed by or against
juveniles in urban and rural areas, and a second on the extent and
characteristics of juvenile hate crimes.
The JJDP Act Amendments of 1992 authorized OJJDP to administer
several new grant programs.
Part E, State Challenge Activities, authorizes grants to
States participating in the Part B Formula Grants Program that provide
up to 10 percent of a State's Formula Grants Program allocation for
each of 10 challenge activities in which the State participates.
Part F, Treatment for Juvenile Offenders Who are Victims of
Child Abuse or Neglect, authorizes grants to public and nonprofit
private organizations for treatment of juvenile offenders who are
victims of child abuse or neglect, transitional services, and related
research.
Part G, Mentoring, authorizes three-year grants to local
education agencies, or to private nonprofit or organizations working in
partnership with such agencies, for mentoring programs designed to link
at-risk youth with responsible adults to discourage youth involvement
in criminal and violent activity.
Part H, Boot Camps, authorizes grants to establish up to 10
military-style boot camps for delinquent juveniles.
Title V, Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency Prevention
Programs, authorizes grants to local governments for a broad range of
delinquency prevention activities targeting youth who have had contact
with, or are at-risk of contact with, the juvenile justice system.
In fiscal year 1995, funds were appropriated for three of the five
programs cited above: Part G, Mentoring ($4 million), Title V,
Prevention Grants ($20 million), and Part E, State Challenge Activities
($10 million). These programs are not included in this Plan (except for
$1 million of Part G and $1 million of Title V funds committed to the
SafeFutures Program), nor are programs authorized and funded under the
Title IV Missing Children's Assistance Act and the Victims of Child
Abuse Act of 1990, as amended.

Fiscal Year 1995 Program Planning Activities

The OJJDP program planning process for fiscal year 1995 has been
coordinated with the Assistant Attorney General, Office of Justice
Programs (OJP), and the four other OJP Program Bureaus: The Bureau of
Justice Assistance (BJA); the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS); the
National Institute of Justice (NIJ); and the Office for Victims of
Crime (OVC). OJJDP's program planning process involved the following
steps:
Internal review of existing programs by OJJDP staff.
Internal review of proposed programs by OJP bureaus and
selected Department of Justice components.
Review of information and data from OJJDP grantees and
contractors.
Review of information contained in State comprehensive plans.
Review of comments made by youth services providers, juvenile
justice practitioners, and researchers.
Consideration of suggestions made by juvenile justice policy
makers concerning State and local needs.
Consideration of all comments received during the period of
public comment on the Proposed Comprehensive Plan.
An example of the intra-agency coordination between OJP Program
Bureaus involves OJJDP and Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) gang
initiatives. Although these programs are being implemented in a similar
manner, the two initiatives are different in their theoretical approach
and program targets.
BJA's fiscal year 1995 Comprehensive Gang Initiative is based on a
prototype developed through a grant to the Police Executive Research
Forum in 1992. The prototype emphasizes prevention, intervention, and
suppression and encompasses strategies which bring together cooperative
and coordinated efforts of the police, other criminal justice agencies,
human service providers, and community programs. This initiative is
primarily designed to [[Page 21867]] focus on older teens and adults.
In fiscal year 1995, this program is featured in BJA's Comprehensive
Communities program.
OJJDP's fiscal year 1995 Gang-Free Schools and Communities Program
is based on a prevention-based community mobilization model derived
from the research of Dr. Irving Spergel and colleagues. This model
specifically focuses on juveniles and young adults under age 22. This
fiscal year, the program has a specific focus on gang-free schools and
public or federally subsidized housing. Another differentiating factor
is that OJJDP's fiscal year 1995 initiative will be concentrated within
the overarching SafeFutures demonstration program, as part of the
comprehensive continuum of care that the program is designed to
establish.

Discretionary Program Activities

Discretionary Grant Continuation Policy
OJJDP has listed on the following pages continuation projects
currently funded in whole or in part with Part C and Part D funds and
eligible for funding in fiscal year 1995, either within an existing
project period or through an extension for an additional project
period. A grantee's eligibility for continued funding for an additional
budget period within an existing project period depends on the
grantee's compliance with funding eligibility requirements and
achievement of the prior year's objectives.
Consideration for continuation funding for an additional project
period for previously funded discretionary grant programs is based upon
several factors, including:
The extent to which the project responds to the applicable
requirements of the JJDP Act.
Responsiveness to OJJDP and Department of Justice fiscal year
1995 program priorities.
Compliance with performance requirements of prior grant
years.
Compliance with fiscal and regulatory requirements.
Compliance with any special conditions of the award.
Availability of funds (based on program priority
determinations).
In accordance with section 262 (d)(1)(B), 42 U.S.C. 5665a, the
competitive process for the award of Part C funds shall not be required
if the Administrator makes a written determination waiving the
competitive process:
1. With respect to programs to be carried out in areas in which the
President declares under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) that a major disaster
or emergency exists, or
2. With respect to a particular program described in part C that is
uniquely qualified.
In implementing the fiscal year 1995 Program Plan, OJJDP will
continue the process of developing, testing, and demonstrating both the
prevention efforts and the graduated sanctions concept throughout its
programs, such as in SafeFutures: Partnerships to Reduce Youth Violence
and Delinquency, while also prioritizing support for applicants that
reflect the coordinated, interdisciplinary approaches found in Weed and
Seed sites and Empowerment Zones and Enterprise Communities. This
support will be provided through:
New competitive programs to be funded at the State or local
level and new programs that provide funds to national organizations to
provide services at the State and local level.
Continuation awards, under which OJJDP will negotiate with
grantees and task contractors to identify and ensure the provision of
site specific technical assistance, training, information, and direct
program services to Weed and Seed sites, Empowerment Zones and
Enterprise Communities, and jurisdictions adopting a continuum of care
program approach.

OJJDP Funding Policy

OJJDP focuses its assistance on the development and implementation
of programs with the greatest potential for reducing juvenile
delinquency and crime and that create and strengthen partnerships with
State and local organizations. To that end, OJJDP has defined four
programatic themes that constitute the major elements of a sound policy
for juvenile justice and delinquency prevention:
Strengthening the Juvenile Justice System.
Public Safety and Law Enforcement.
Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Intervention.
Missing, Exploited and Abused Children.
OJJDP will also fund a new overarching demonstration program,
SafeFutures: Partnerships To Reduce Youth Violence and Delinquency,
which builds on the knowledge accumulated over 30 years of juvenile
justice research. This overarching program builds upon broad-based
community planning and support from all sectors and systems to provide
a continuum of programs that focus on ameliorating known community risk
factors. It stresses addressing the problems of youth along a continuum
of prevention and intervention activities, from those aimed at the at-
risk child to the serious and violent juvenile offender. Other
overarching programs, both new and continuation, that cross
programmatic themes will also receive OJJDP funding under this Plan.

Application and Further Information

Program inquiries are to be addressed to the attention of the OJJDP
staff contact person identified in the FY 1995 Competitive
Discretionary Program Announcements and Application Kit. For general
information, contact Marilyn Silver, Management Analyst, Information
Dissemination Unit, (202) 307-0751. This is not a toll-free number. Due
dates for all competitive programs are contained in the FY 1995
Competitive Discretionary Program Announcements and Application Kit.
Please call the Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse, toll-free, 24 hours a
day, (800) 638-8736 to obtain a copy.
Applications are invited from eligible public and private agencies,
organizations, institutions, individuals, or combinations thereof.
Eligibility differs from program to program. Please consult the FY 1995
Competitive Discretionary Program Announcements and Application Kit for
individual competitive program announcements and specific eligibility
requirements. Where eligible for an assistance award, private for
profit organizations must agree to waive any profit or fee. Joint
applications by two or more eligible applicants are welcome, as long as
one organization is designated as the primary applicant and the
other(s) as co-applicant(s). Applicants must demonstrate that they have
experience in the design and implementation of the type of program or
program activity for which they are an applicant.

Strengthening of the Juvenile Justice System

All parts of the juvenile justice system are straining under the
burden of increasing numbers of juvenile offenders. In 1992, the
juvenile arrest rate was the highest in 20 years. Between 1982 and
1992, juvenile courts saw a 26% increase in the number of delinquency
cases. In 1990, a congressionally mandated study identified several
areas in which problems in secure juvenile facilities are substantial
and widespread, most notably living space (crowding), health care,
security, and control of suicidal behavior. OJJDP is continuing to fund
[[Page 21868]] several programs that aggressively address these issues.
The limited resources of the juvenile justice system must continue
to target the most difficult and intractable problems of juvenile
crime. Strengthening the system requires support of all parts of the
justice system, including law enforcement, prosecutors and the courts,
as well as detention and corrections, including alternative residential
placements and aftercare. A sound policy includes the assessment of
each offender's needs and risks to the community, and concentrates the
more formal, expensive, and restrictive options of the juvenile justice
system in two areas:
Youth behavior that is most serious and least amenable to
preventive measures and community responses.
Problems of youth and their families that exceed community
resources and require more stringent legal resolution. This approach
should promote accountability on the part of individual juvenile
offenders to their victims.

Public Safety and Law Enforcement

The epidemic of youth violence is striking fear in communities
across the Nation. While violent crime statistics are generally down,
violent criminal activity is increasing among the young. Juvenile
arrests for violent crime increased 57% between 1983 and 1992. The
nearly 54,200 juvenile weapons arrests in 1992 accounted for nearly 1
of 4 weapons arrests. Violent youth gangs, often associated with large
urban areas, are emerging in smaller cities.
While ultimately the reduction in youth violence depends on
overcoming or changing those societal factors that propel troubled
youth toward violent behavior, immediate public safety issues require
the justice system to incapacitate the small number of serious, violent
and chronic offenders responsible for the majority of juvenile
violence. However, a sound policy for combating juvenile crime must not
indiscriminately treat children as small versions of adults. Law
enforcement training on how to deal with juvenile offenders and victims
and how to address the problems of youth gangs and the increasing use
of guns by juveniles is an integral part of a comprehensive response to
the escalating violence.

Delinquency Prevention and Intervention

By the year 2005, the total population of youths from 15 to 19
years old will grow by an estimated 23 percent. Research has shown that
the peak age of arrest for serious violent crime is 18 years. It has
also shown that we must focus on addressing the root causes of
delinquency as well as the symptoms. OJJDP programs encourage a risk-
focused approach based on public health and social development models.
Communities cannot afford to place responsibility for juvenile
crime entirely on the juvenile justice system. We must maximize the use
of a community's less formal, less expensive, and less alienating
responses to youthful misbehavior, while at the same time maintaining
the safety of the public. The science of prevention has taught us that
a sound policy for juvenile delinquency prevention must strengthen the
most powerful contributing factor to good behavior: A productive place
for young people in a law-abiding society. This type of preventive
measure can operate on a large scale, providing gains in youth
development while reducing juvenile delinquency.

Missing, Exploited and Abused Children

The Missing Children's Assistance Act of 1984 (42 U.S.C. 5771-5780,
Title IV of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of
1974, as amended) established OJJDP as the lead federal agency in
matters pertaining to missing and exploited children. The fiscal year
1995 Competitive Discretionary Grant Programs for Title IV Missing and
Exploited Children's Program and Application Kit Notice was published
in the Federal Register on January 5, 1995.

Fiscal Year 1995 Programs

Brief summaries of each of OJJDP's new and continuation programs
for fiscal year 1995 are provided below. The programs are organized
according to the four areas that constitute the major elements of
OJJDP's comprehensive approach to preventing juvenile justice and
improving public safety.
A number of programs have been identified for funding by Congress
with regard to the grantee(s), the amount of funds, or both. Such
programs are indicated by an asterisk (*). The 1995 Appropriations Act
Conference Report for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State,
the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Programs identified 13 programs for
OJJDP to examine and fund if warranted. Three of the programs are
included in this Plan for continuation funding. Nine of the remaining
ten have been reviewed and will receive consideration for funding in
fiscal year 1995 at the levels indicated in the Final Plan.
OJJDP's new overarching demonstration program, SafeFutures:
Partnerships to Reduce Youth Violence and Delinquency Program, is
presented first since it addresses the major elements that must be
present in an effective strategy to prevent and control delinquency and
provide the juvenile justice system with the program resources needed
to do its job effectively. This new program focuses on a variety of
services and funding resources. Other overarching programs are then
presented, followed by programs that seek to strengthen juvenile
justice, enhance public safety and law enforcement, prevent
delinquency, and address the problem of missing, exploited and abused
children.

Fiscal Year 1995 Program Listing

Overarching Programs

New Programs
SafeFutures: Partnerships to Reduce Youth Violence and Delinquency--
$7,200,000
Information and Statistics Projects--525,000
OJJDP Management Evaluation Contract--360,000
Technical Assistance For State Legislatures--262,500
Contra Costa County, California: Continuum of Care Program*--247,000
Evaluation of SafeFutures: Partnerships to Reduce Youth Violence and
Delinquency Program--150,000

Overarching Programs

Continuation Programs
Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse--$1,031,167
Coalition for Juvenile Justice*--700,000
OJJDP Technical Assistance Support Contract: Juvenile Justice Resource
Center--650,000
National Juvenile Court Data Archive*--611,000
Juvenile Justice Statistics and Systems Development--550,000
Insular Area Support*--511,000
Development of OJJDP's Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and
Chronic Juvenile Offenders--500,058
Research Program on Juveniles Taken Into Custody-NCCD--450,000
Children in Custody-Census--450,000
Contract for the Evaluation of OJJDP Programs--290,000
Pulling America's Communities Together (PACT) Program Development--
261,000
Juveniles Taken Into Custody (JTIC): Interagency Agreement--200,000
Juvenile Justice Data Resources--25,000 [[Page 21869]]

Strengthening Juvenile Justice

New Programs
Mental Health in the Juvenile Justice System--$750,000
Bethesda Day Treatment Center--320,000
Interventions to Reduce Disproportionate Minority Confinement in Secure
Detention and Correctional Facilities (The Deborah M. Wysinger Memorial
Program)--300,000
The Juvenile Justice Prosecution Center--300,000
Technical Assistance to Juvenile Corrections and Detention (The James
E. Gould Memorial Program)--200,000

Strengthening Juvenile Justice

Continuation Programs
Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offender Treatment Program--
$1,500,000
Juvenile Court Training*--1,074,000
Intensive Community-Based Aftercare Demonstration and Technical
Assistance Program--620,000
Native American Alternative Community-Based Program--600,000
Training for Juvenile Corrections and Detention Staff--500,000
Technical Assistance to the Juvenile Courts*--389,943
Due Process Advocacy Program Development--250,000
Improvement in Correctional Education for Juvenile Offenders--250,000
Robeson County, North Carolina*--202,645
P.A.C.E., Center for Girls, Inc.*--150,000
Juvenile Restitution: Balanced Approach--100,000
Evaluation of Intensive Community-Based Aftercare Demonstration and
Technical Assistance Program--80,000
Douglas County, Nebraska*--67,055
Professional Development for Youth Workers--50,000
Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania*--50,000

Public Safety and Law Enforcement

New Programs
Gangs and Delinquency Research--$500,000
Field-Initiated Gang Research Program--300,000
Juvenile Transfers to Criminal Court Studies--275,000
Innovative Firearms Program--250,000
Gangs, Groups, Individuals, and Violence Intervention--250,000
Youth Handgun Study/Model Juvenile Handgun Legislation--202,838

Public Safety and Law Enforcement

Continuation Programs
Law Enforcement Training and Technical Assistance Program--$1,504,924
Comprehensive Communities Program--Comprehensive Gang Initiative--
799,345
Targeted Outreach with a Gang Prevention and Intervention Component
(Boys and Girls Clubs)--600,000
Comprehensive Gang Initiative--600,000
Violence Studies*--500,000
Violence Study--Causes and Correlates--300,000
Child Centered Community-Oriented Policing--300,000
National School Safety Center--250,000
Enhancing Enforcement Strategies for Juvenile Impaired Driving Due to
Alcohol and Other Drug Use--150,000
Training in Cultural Differences for Law Enforcement/Juvenile Justice
Officials--100,000

Delinquency Prevention

New Programs
Community-Based Gang Intervention--$2,000,000
Family Strengthening and Support--Including Non-English Speaking--
1,000,000
Comprehensive Community-Based Services for At-Risk Girls and
Adjudicated Juvenile Female Offenders--600,000
Innovative Approaches in Law-Related Education*--600,000
Training in Risk-Focused Prevention Strategies--500,000
Pathways to Success--450,000
Truancy--400,000
North Omaha B.E.A.R.S. (Building Esteem and Responsibility
Systematically) Program*--300,000
Training and Technical Assistance for Family-Strengthening Services--
250,000
Youth-Centered Conflict Resolution--200,000
ASAP: Athlete Student Achievement Pact*--150,000
Project Mister/Project Sister*--146,500
Facing History and Ourselves*--100,000
La Nueva Vida*--64,000
Henry Ford Health System*--58,000
Anti-Crime Youth Council*--50,000

Delinquency Prevention

Continuation Programs
Law-Related Education (LRE)*--$2,800,000
Teens, Crime, and Community: Teens in Action in the 90s*--1,000,000
Satellite Prep School Program and Early Elementary School for
Privatized Public Housing--720,000
Children at Risk--350,000
Nonviolent Dispute Resolution--300,000
The Congress of National Black Churches: National Anti-Drug Abuse
Program--250,000
``Just Say No'' International*--250,000
Jackie Robinson Center (JRC)*--250,000
Cities in Schools--Federal Interagency Partnership--200,000
Hate Crimes--200,000
Community Anti-Drug Abuse Technical Assistance Voucher Project--200,000
Race Against Drugs--150,000

Missing, Exploited and Abused Children

New Programs
Lowcountry Children's Center, Inc.*--$250,000
KidsPeace*--140,000
Multipurpose Educational Curriculum for Young Victims--75,000

Missing, Exploited and Abused Children

Continuation Programs
Parents Anonymous, Inc.*--$250,000
Permanent Families for Abused and Neglected Children*--225,000
Children as Witnesses to Community Violence--170,658

Overarching Programs

New Programs
SafeFutures: Partnerships to Reduce Youth Violence and Delinquency--
$7,200,000

Background

The SafeFutures: Partnerships to Reduce Youth Violence and
Delinquency Program rests on two important premises: The first is that
public safety can be improved by providing prevention, intervention and
treatment services to all at-risk youth. These three elements
constitute a continuum of care that should be directed at youth
throughout their development. The second premise is that the strategy
for implementing this continuum of care lies with a comprehensive,
customer-focused approach in which there is broad collaboration between
all service agencies, all levels of government, and the public and
private sectors. Availability of services, community responsiveness,
and partnerships leading to increased public safety constitute the
heart of the SafeFutures Program.
Many communities throughout the country have been engaged in reform
efforts to develop a comprehensive, community-based service delivery
[[Page 21870]] system for disadvantaged children. OJJDP's Comprehensive
Strategy for Serious, Violent and Chronic Juvenile Offenders presents a
similar approach. Under this strategy, a broad-based community planning
board systematically assesses the risk factors present in the
environment that are best known to foster delinquent behavior in
children. The community then

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/fr%3A95-10333. Public record. Not legal advice.