# Marine Mammals

> Briefs, arguments, decisions, and more.

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/fr%3A94-19397

## Record

- **Collection:** Federal Register
- **Document type:** Uncategorized Document
- **Published:** August 9, 1994

## Text

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
[I.D. 072894C]

Marine Mammals

AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce.

ACTION: Availability of draft stock assessment and Potential Biological
Removal (PBR) workshop reports; request for comments.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) Amendments of 1994
(Amendments) require NMFS and the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) to
prepare for public comment by August 1, 1994, draft stock assessments
for all marine mammal stocks that occur in waters under the
jurisdiction of the United States. NMFS convened a workshop to develop
an initial approach for promoting a consistent national interpretation
of parameters used in draft stock assessment reports. In addition to
seeking comments on the draft stock assessment reports, NMFS requests
comments and guidance on the preliminary methodologies proposed in the
Potential Biological Removal (PBR) workshop report.

DATES: Comments on the draft stock assessment reports and the report of
the PBR workshop must be received by November 7, 1994.

ADDRESSES: Send comments to Patricia Montanio, Chief, Marine Mammal
Division, Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries
Service, 1335 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910-3226. Copies
of the draft stock assessments and Report of the PBR Workshop are
available from one of the contacts below.
NMFS has established a bulletin board for electronic retrieval of
stock assessment reports. The reports are stored as
Wordperfect 5.1 files and may be downloaded by a modem link
to the following telephone number: (703) 218-2595. Within your
communications software, specify 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop
bit. Set up as an ANSI terminal and use your appropriate baud rate up
to 19,200. Instructions to download files are available on screen.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Thomas C. Eagle with the Office of
Protected Resources at (301) 713-2319. Or, contact James A. Balsiger at
(206) 526-4000, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (F/AKC), National
Marine Fisheries Service, 7600 Sand Point Way, N.E. BIN 15700, Seattle,
WA 98115-0070 regarding Alaska regional stock assessments; Irma
Lagomarsino at (310) 980-4020, Southwest Regional Office (F/SWO3),
National Marine Fisheries Service, 501 West Ocean Boulevard, Long
Beach, CA 90802-4213, regarding Pacific regional stock assessments; or
Robert A. Blaylock at (305) 361-5761, Southeast Fisheries Science
Center (F/SEC4), National Marine Fisheries Service, 75 Virginia Beach
Drive, Miami, FL 33149-1003, or Gordon Waring at (508) 548-5123,
Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA
02543-1097 for Atlantic regional stock assessments.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Draft Stock Assessment Reports

On April 30, 1994 the Marine Mammal Protection Act Amendments of
1994 were enacted into law (P.L. 103-238). Under the new section 117 of
the MMPA, NMFS and FWS are required to prepare, and periodically
revise, stock assessments for marine mammal stocks that occur in waters
under the jurisdiction of the United States. Drafts of these stock
assessments were to be completed by August 1, 1994, for public review
and comment.
In addition, NMFS was required to establish, by June 30, 1994,
three regional, independent, Scientific Review Groups representing
Alaska, the Pacific Coast (including Hawaii) and the Atlantic Coast
(including the Gulf of Mexico). The Scientific Review Groups are to
advise NMFS on marine mammal population dynamics and quantitative
methodologies (such as those required for assessing stocks), research
priorities, impacts of habitat degradation, and any other issue NMFS or
the groups consider appropriate for pursuing the goals of the MMPA.
On June 30, 1994, NMFS established the three Scientific Review
Groups. Each consists of ten to eleven individuals with a range of
expertise in marine mammal biology and ecology, population dynamics and
modeling, and commercial fishing technology and practices, and
represents, to the extent feasible, a balance of viewpoints.
The draft stock assessment reports have been divided into three
regions, Alaska, Pacific and Atlantic, to correspond with the
appropriate Scientific Review Group. As specified by the Amendments
each report must, based on the best scientific information available:
(1) Describe the geographic range of the affected stock, including
any seasonal or temporal variations in such range;
(2) Provide minimum population estimates, current and maximum net
productivity rates, and the current population trend, including a
description of the information upon which these are based;
(3) Estimate human-caused mortality and serious injury of the stock
by source and, for strategic stocks, other factors that may be impeding
recovery of the stock or causing a decline, including effects on marine
habitat and prey;
(4) Contain a description of the commercial fisheries that interact
with the stock including:
(A) The approximate number of vessels participating in each such
fishery;
(B) The estimated annual level of incidental mortality and serious
injury of the stock by each such fishery;
(C) Any seasonal or area differences in such incidental mortality
or serious injury; and
(D) The rate, based on the appropriate standard unit of fishing
effort, of such incidental mortality and serious injury, and an
analysis stating whether such level is insignificant and approaching a
zero mortality and serious injury rate.
(5) Categorize the status of the stock as one that either:
(A) Has a level of human-caused mortality and serious injury that
is not likely to cause the stock to be reduced below its optimum
sustainable population (OSP); or
(B) Is a strategic stock, with a description of the reasons
therefore.
(6) Estimate the PBR level for the stock (e.g., the number of
animals that may be removed from the stock while allowing the stock to
reach or maintain its OSP and a description of the information used to
calculate PBR, including the recovery factor.
Congress defined strategic stocks as those for which:
(1) The level of direct, human-caused mortality exceeds the level
of PBR;
(2) Based on the best available scientific information, are
declining and are stocks likely to be listed as threatened under the
Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) in the
foreseeable future; or
(3) Are listed as threatened or endangered under the ESA or
designated as depleted under the MMPA.
The Amendments require NMFS to provide, through a notice of
availability, a summary of each draft stock assessment report and a
list of sources of information or published documentation on which each
draft assessment is based. To satisfy this requirement and minimize
unnecessary duplication, a table that summarizes draft stock assessment
reports appears at the end of this document, listing each stock, its
regional designation, geographical range, minimum abundance estimate,
PBR, estimated human-caused mortality, and whether or not the stock
would be regarded as strategic or nonstrategic.
To maximize the opportunity for full consultation with the
Scientific Review Groups, Alaskan native organizations and the public,
NMFS is pursuing parallel tracks of review. In addition to the comment
period initiated by this notice, NMFS began consultation with the
Scientific Review Groups by forwarding draft stock assessment reports
to the appropriate Scientific Review Groups on July 20, 1994, for their
review and comment. NMFS recognizes the need for full and equal
participation by Alaskan natives in the decisions that affect the
management of marine mammals upon which much of the native culture
depends; therefore, NMFS is seeking direct input from Alaska natives,
particularly with regard to stocks taken for subsistence.
At the close of the public comment period, NMFS intends to continue
consultation with the Scientific Review Groups by forwarding the public
comments for each draft stock assessment to the appropriate Scientific
Review Group for consideration in framing its recommendations to NMFS.

PBR Workshop

Recognizing the need to provide consistent parameters in
calculating stock assessments and meet the August 1 deadline, NMFS
convened a workshop, composed of NMFS and FWS scientists, to develop an
initial approach for promoting consistent national interpretation of
parameters to be used in draft stock assessment reports, including the
calculation of PBR. PBR is defined in the Amendments as ``the maximum
number of animals, not including natural mortalities, that may be
removed from a marine mammal stock while allowing that stock to reach
or maintain its optimum sustainable population''. PBR is calculated as
the product of three elements: The minimum population estimate
(NMIN); half the maximum net productivity rate (0.5RMAX); and
a recovery factor (FR) that ranges from 0.1 to 1.0, (NMIN x
0.5RMAX x FR).
The NMFS convened the workshop to agree on an initial approach for
calculating PBR, defining stock structure, and analyzing whether
fishery-related incidental mortality and serious injury have reached
insignificant levels approaching zero mortality and serious injury
rates for use in preparing draft stock assessment reports. It was the
workshop participants' principal objective to identify quantitative
criteria for defining input values that could serve as a nationwide
standard for calculating PBR.
Advantages of the PBR approach include that it was not based on any
particular population model, it allows conservative management to
proceed when lacking detailed information, it provides an incentive to
improve information on stock size (e. g., to increase precision by
lowering coefficients of variation, CV), it is based on readily
measurable quantities, and it focuses on achievable goals.
The workshop participants concluded that the three PBR parameters
must be evaluated together, rather than independently, in the context
of meeting the goals of the MMPA. In this regard, they concluded that
FR should serve to weight the PBR so as to take into account
uncertainty in estimates of NMIN, and serve as a ``safety factor''
that would allow the taking of individuals from stocks below OSP while
continuing to promote their recovery and that would provide a safety
margin to account for unknown bias in stock status information (e.g.,
estimation of abundance, productivity, mortality) for stocks of unknown
status or trends.
Values of 0.5 (pinnipeds) and 0.65 (cetaceans) were adopted as
starting points for calculating initial PBR for stocks of unknown
status, and participants noted that values of FR could be
``tuned'' or increased (thereby increasing the PBR) provided reasonable
assurance in the form of scientific justification is provided to ensure
that the estimates of abundance, mortality, and RMAX are not
severely biased, and that the coefficients of variation of the
abundance and mortality estimates are within accepted ranges.
NMFS is seeking comments on the methodologies for calculating PBR
and other parameters that were agreed to by the workshop participants
and employed in the preparation of the draft stock assessment reports,
as well as seeking comments on the individual stock assessment reports.
The workshop was held in LaJolla, CA, June 27-29, 1994. A copy of
the Report of the PBR Workshop is available (see ADDRESSES).
In examining the methodologies proposed by workshop participants,
the following points should be noted by reviewers:
(1) Estimates of mortality and serious injury incidental to
commercial fisheries presented in the Fisheries Information section
often included both NMFS observer and logbook data from the exemption
program. However, only observer recorded mortalities were used in
estimating the kill rate, with logbook data provided to
``qualitatively'' indicate that additional information exists on
incidental mortality; and
(2) When a reliable population estimate was not available, the
resulting PBR was zero. Although this often resulted in a stock being
classified as ``strategic'', it was noted that due to the lack of a
reliable abundance estimate, it was not currently possible to predict
the impact of human-caused mortality on the stock.

Preliminary Comments

Stock Assessment Reports and copies of the PBR workshop were sent
to Scientific Review Groups on July 20, 1994, with a request to send
preliminary comments to NMFS so that these comments could be considered
before stock assessment reports were released for public review and
comment. NMFS received several comments on the approach described in
the PBR workshop, the process for preparing reports, and on individual
stock assessments. Many of the stock-specific comments have been
incorporated in the draft stock assessment reports. The general, rather
than stock-specific, comments are discussed below.

1. Delay Release of Draft Stock Assessment Reports to Satisfy the
Requirement to Consult Fully With Scientific Review Groups.

The Amendments direct NMFS and FWS to prepare draft stock
assessment reports in consultation with Scientific Review Groups by
August 1, 1994, and to make the reports available for public review and
comment. The Amendments also included a period of 60 days in order to
establish Scientific Review Groups, in consultation with many agencies
and interest groups. Thus, draft assessment reports were due for
completion approximately 30 days after review groups were established.
Clearly, in-depth consultation with review groups could not occur
within a 30-day period.
Throughout the reauthorization process, interested entities
reiterated that rapid preparation of stock assessment reports was vital
to the timely implementation of a permanent regime to replace the
Interim Exemption for Commercial Fisheries under MMPA section 114.
Therefore, NMFS believes that the August 1, 1994, deadline for
preparing draft stock assessment reports was of critical importance.
Consultation with Scientific Review Groups is also of critical
importance, and the two concerns are not mutually exclusive. NMFS
intends to consult closely with Scientific Review Groups and, for
stocks affected by subsistence harvest, Alaska Native organizations
throughout the stock assessment process. Such an approach allows NMFS
to meet the statutory mandates of consultation and the August 1, 1994,
deadline.

2. PBR Calculations Are Not Consistent With Other Management Regimes--
Bowhead Whale Example.

Concerns have been raised about the lack of consistency between the
take limit for bowhead whales obtained under the PBR process and the
subsistence catch limits for bowheads adopted by the International
Whaling Commission (IWC) at its 1994 meeting. The two management
systems have entirely different purposes and they each consider
different criteria in formulating allowable removal levels.
The subsistence hunt for bowhead whales is managed through an
international regime which differs from U.S. domestic management of
marine mammals under the MMPA. The bowhead whale subsistence quota,
determined under the IWC's policy, assumes additional levels of risk to
accommodate the cultural needs of special peoples (e.g., Native
communities) than it assumes for commercial harvests. This is
justified, in part, by an extensive scientific assessment of the status
of the bowhead stock (conducted every three years), which evaluates
relative levels of risk based on the precision of the information
available on the status of the stock and its life history
characteristics.
In contrast, the PBR process was established primarily to address
the specific problem of incidental takes of marine mammals by
commercial fisheries. Although bowhead whales are not subject to an
incidental take in a commercial fishery, a PBR was calculated for this
stock because the Amendments to the MMPA require that PBR be calculated
for all marine mammal stocks in U.S. waters.
Furthermore, NMFS noted that values for parameters in PBR
calculations may be ``tuned'' as additional information is included.
The draft stock assessment contains a straight-forward interpretation
of the PBR workshop results. NMFS fully expects that the FR for
bowhead whales may be tuned based upon the extensive scientific
information available for this stock. This tuning should occur in
consultation with Scientific Review Groups and after consideration of
public comments. NMFS will reconsider the approach described in the
report of the PBR workshop.

3. Consider an Alternative Classification (Strategic Versus Non-
Strategic) When Populations Estimates Are Unreliable and Fishery-
Related Mortality Is Low

Section 117(a)(5) of the MMPA, as amended, specifies that each
stock assessment report categorize the status of each marine mammal
stock as one that either: (a) Has a level of human-caused mortality and
serious injury that is not likely to cause the stock to be reduced
below its optimum sustainable population, or (b) Is a strategic stock,
with a description of the reasons therefor.
Section 3(19) of the MMPA, as amended, defines the term ``strategic
stock'' as a stock for which the level of direct human-caused mortality
exceeds the potential biological removal level, or which is designated
as depleted under the MMPA, is listed as threatened or endangered under
the ESA, or is declining and likely to be listed under the ESA.
A problem exists in categorizing stocks for which there are no
reliable estimates of abundance. In these cases, the PBR would default
to zero, and any human-caused mortality would exceed the PBR. The level
of mortality may be so low that it is not likely to cause the stock to
be reduced below its OSP, but the stock would still meet the criteria
in section 3(19) that the level of mortality exceeds the PBR. These
stocks have been considered ``strategic'' in the draft stock assessment
reports. This highlights the need to obtain reliable abundance
estimates for all stocks that have human-caused mortality, and will be
used by NMFS in guiding and prioritizing its stock assessment program.
In addition, NMFS expects that the Scientific Review Groups may
recommend additional research into the status of the affected stock to
determine if human-caused mortality or serious injury poses a
significant adverse impact to the stock. In the interim, until reliable
estimates are available, NMFS will be examining the options and best
way to classify these stocks consistent with the MMPA requirements.
This will be done in consultation with the Scientific Review Groups,
and in consideration of comments received.
Further, it should be noted that the identification of marine
mammal stock as ``strategic'' does not necessitate restrictions on
human-caused mortality and serious injury. Rather, such a designation
means that the affected stock is, or may be reduced, below its optimum
sustainable population. As such, the stock should be identified as
having the potential for significant adverse impact if human-caused
mortality is high.
Take Reduction Teams would be established for strategic stocks that
interact with Category I or II fisheries to develop Take Reduction
Plans. Take Reduction Plans are designed to reduce mortality and
serious injury of marine mammals incidental to commercial fishing. If
such incidental mortality and serious injury is not biologically
significant for the affected stock, then no restrictions would
necessarily be required.

4. The Age and Sex Structure of Individuals Removed From a Population
of Marine Mammals May Have a Major Effect on the Impact of Those
Removals

PBR calculations assume that removals are random with respect to
the age and sex of individuals removed from the population. However,
these factors could have a major effect on the impact of such removals
from the population. Participants in the PBR workshop identified
alternative population models as one area for future research needs.
Incorporating the sex and age structure within marine mammal stocks and
of the human-caused mortality of that stock are components of this area
of research.

5. Use Alternate Methods To Evaluate Stock Status When Certain Data Are
Not Available

For several stocks of marine mammals, NMFS has no reliable estimate
of abundance, and a survey to obtain such information, if possible,
would be exceedingly expensive. If an estimate of total human-caused
mortality and serious injury was known, or could be estimated, then the
PBR equation could be used to estimate the minimum number of
individuals in the stock that could safely sustain the estimated level
of removal. For example the estimated human-caused mortality of a given
pinniped stock was 3,000. Using the default values for RMAX (0.12)
and the recovery factor (0.5) recommended at the PBR workshop, one
could calculate that a population of at least 100,000 individuals could
support the human-caused mortality, and such mortality would be less
that the PBR.
Such an approach appears to have merit. NMFS will consider this
comment in revising stock assessment reports during the review,
comment, and revision process.

Dated: August 2, 1994.
William W. Fox, Jr.,
Director, Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries
Service.

Table 1.--Summary of Marine Mammal Draft Stock Assessment Reports for Species of Marine Mammals Under NMFS Management Authority
[N/A means that data were more than 10 years old and, therefore, not used or were otherwise not available for an estimate]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NMFS Total Fish. Strategic
Species Stock area Region center Nmin Rmax Fr PBR mort. mort. status
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Beaked Whales............... Pacific N.W. and Alaska..... AKA....... AKC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N
Bearded Seal................ Alaska...................... AKA....... AKC....... N/A 0.12 0.50 0 1000 1 Y
Beluga...................... Bristol Bay................. AKA....... AKC....... 1800 0.04 1.00 36 8 N/A N
Beluga...................... Eastern Chukchi Sea......... AKA....... AKC....... 2500 0.04 1.00 50 92 0 Y
Beluga...................... Beaufort Sea................ AKA....... AKC....... 21000 0.04 1.00 420 0 0 N
Beluga...................... Cook Inlet.................. AKA....... AKC....... 332 0.04 1.00 4 13 0 Y
Beluga...................... Norton Sound and Yukon Delta AKA....... AKC....... 4000 0.04 0.65 52 168 0 Y
Bowhead Whale............... Western Arctic Stock........ AKA....... AKC....... 7524 0.04 0.10 15 42 0 Y
Dall's Porpoise............. North Pacific............... AKA....... AKC....... 311353 0.04 1.00 6227 29 29 N
Dall's Porpoise............. Bering Sea.................. AKA....... AKC....... 55777 0.04 1.00 1116 4 4 N
Fin Whale................... N. Pacific.................. AKA....... AKC....... N/A 0.04 1.00 0 0 0 Y
Gray Whale.................. Eastern North Pacific....... AKA....... AKC....... 20110 0.04 1.00 402 159 0 N
Harbor Porpoise............. Alaska...................... AKA....... AKC....... 10652 0.04 0.65 138 0 0 N
Harbor Seal................. Gulf of AK/ Bering Sea...... AKA....... AKC....... 25183 0.12 0.50 755 1221 25 Y
Harbor Seal................. Southeast Alaska............ AKA....... AKC....... 22447 0.12 1.00 1347 1671 0 Y
Humpback Whale.............. Central Pacific............. AKA....... AKC....... 1286 0.04 0.10 3 0 0 Y
Killer Whale................ Oregon/Washington/Alaska.... AKA....... AKC....... 1046 0.04 0.65 14 1 1 N
Northern Fur Seal........... North Pacific............... AKA....... AKC....... 885322 0.12 0.50 26560 22 22 Y
Northern Right Whale Dolphin Central North Pacific....... AKA....... AKC....... 39733 0.04 0.65 517 0 0 N
Ribbon Seal................. Alaska...................... AKA....... AKC....... N/A 0.12 0.50 0 100 0 Y
Right Whale................. North Pacific............... AKA....... AKC....... N/A 0.04 0.10 0 0 0 Y
Ringed Seal................. Alaska...................... AKA....... AKC....... 44340 0.12 0.50 1330 3001 1 Y
Sperm Whale................. Eastern N. Pacific.......... AKA....... AKC....... 0 0.04 0.10 0 0 0 Y
Spotted Seal................ Alaska...................... AKA....... AKC....... 4145 0.12 0.50 124 1000 N/A Y
Steller Sea Lion............ U.S. EEZ.................... AKA....... AKC....... 71547 0.12 0.50 2146 592 44 Y
Atlantic White-sided Dolphin Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 4 4 Y
Beaked Whale, Blainville's.. Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 5 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N
Beaked Whale, Cuvier's...... Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 Y
Beaked Whale, Cuvier's...... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 19 0.04 1.00 0 0 0 N
Beaked Whale, Mesoplodon spp Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 5 5 Y
Beaked Whale, Ziphiidae..... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 44 0.04 1.00 1 0 0 N
Blue Whale.................. Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 Y
Bottlenose Dolphin.......... Mid-Atlantic, Coastal....... ATL....... SEC....... 1349 0.04 0.65 18 20 20 Y
Bottlenose Dolphin.......... Western GulfMex, Coastal.... ATL....... SEC....... 2897 0.04 0.65 38 N/A N/A N
Bottlenose Dolphin.......... Gulf of Mexico Bays......... ATL....... SEC....... 3131 0.04 0.65 41 N/A N/A Y
Bottlenose Dolphin.......... Eastern GulfMex, Coastal.... ATL....... SEC....... 4436 0.04 0.65 58 N/A N/A N
Bottlenose Dolphin.......... Northern GulfMex, Coastal... ATL....... SEC....... 3472 0.04 0.65 45 N/A N/A N
Bottlenose Dolphin.......... Eastern GulfMex, Offshore... ATL....... SEC....... 13738 0.04 0.65 179 N/A N/A N
Bottlenose Dolphin.......... Mid-Atlantic, Offshore...... ATL....... SEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 120 120 Y
Bottlenose Dolphin.......... No. & W. GulfMex, Offshore.. ATL....... SEC....... 20177 0.04 0.65 262 N/A N/A N
Bryde's Whale............... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 25 0.04 0.65 0 N/A N/A N
Clymene Dolphin............. Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 3119 0.04 1.00 62 0 0 N
Common Dolphin.............. Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 78 78 Y
Dwarf Sperm Whale........... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 211 0.04 1.00 4 0 0 N
False Killer Whale.......... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 148 0.04 1.00 3 0 0 N
Fin Whale................... Western North Altantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.10 0 1 1 Y
Fraser's Dolphin............ Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 75 0.04 0.65 1 0 0 N
Gray Seal................... Northwest North Altantic.... ATL....... NEC....... 500 0.12 0.50 15 1 1 N
Harbor Porpoise............. Gulf of Maine/Bay of Fundy.. ATL....... NEC....... 39670 0.04 0.65 516 1875 1875 Y
Harbor Seal................. Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... 28810 0.12 0.50 864 18 18 N
Harp Seal................... Northwestern North Atlantic. ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.12 0.00 0 0 0 N
Hooded Seal................. Northwestern North Atlantic. ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.12 0.00 0 0 0 N
Humpback Whale.............. Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... 720 0.04 0.10 1 5 4 Y
Killer Whale................ Western North Altantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N
Killer Whale................ Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 192 0.04 1.00 4 0 0 N
Melon-headed Whale.......... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 908 0.04 1.00 18 0 0 N
Minke Whale................. Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 3 2 Y
Pilot Whale, Long-Finned.... Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 9 9 Y
Pilot Whale, Short-Finned... Atlantic EEZ................ ATL....... SEC....... 456 0.04 0.65 6 N/A N/A N
Pilot Whale, Short-Finned... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 84 0.04 1.00 2 0 0 N
Pygmy Killer Whale.......... Atlantic EEZ................ ATL....... SEC....... 6 0.04 1.00 0 0 0 N
Pygmy Killer Whale.......... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 111 0.04 1.00 2 0 0 N
Pygmy Sperm Whale........... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 41 0.04 1.00 1 0 0 N
Pygmy and Dwarf Sperm Whale. Atlantic EEZ................ ATL....... SEC....... 264 0.04 1.00 5 0 0 N
Right Whale................. Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... 295 0.04 0.10 1 2 1 Y
Risso's Dolphin............. Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 9 9 Y
Risso's Dolphin............. Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 1155 0.04 0.65 15 N/A N/A N
Rough-toothed Dolphin....... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 351 0.04 1.00 7 0 0 N
Sei Whale................... Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.10 0 0 0 Y
Sperm Whale................. Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.10 0 0 0 Y
Sperm Whale................. Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 162 0.04 0.10 0 0 0 Y
Spinner Dolphin............. Southwestern North Atlantic. ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 Y
Spinner Dolphin............. Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 1055 0.04 1.00 21 0 0 N
Spotted Dolphin, Atlantic... Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 4 4 Y
Spotted Dolphin, Atlantic... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 1768 0.04 1.00 35 N/A N/A N
Spotted Dolphin, Pantropical Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 13911 0.04 1.00 278 N/A N/A N
Striped Dolphin............. Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 4 4 Y
Striped Dolphin............. Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 2160 0.04 1.00 43 0 0 N
Whitebeaked Dolphin......... Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 Y
Beaked Whale, Baird's....... California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 19 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N
Beaked Whale, Blainville's.. Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N
Beaked Whale, Cuvier's...... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N
Beaked Whale, Cuvier's...... California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 886 0.04 0.65 12 18 18 Y
Beaked Whales, Mesoplodont.. California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 136 0.04 0.65 2 12 12 Y
Blue Whale.................. Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.10 0 0 0 Y
Blue Whale.................. California/Mexico........... PAC....... SWC....... 1650 0.04 0.10 2 1 0 Y
Bottlenose Dolphin.......... California, Coastal......... PAC....... SWC....... 245 0.04 0.65 3 0 0 N
Bottlenose Dolphin.......... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N
Bottlenose Dolphin.......... California, Offshore........ PAC....... SWC....... 1775 0.04 0.65 23 8 8 N
Brydes Whale................ Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N
Brydes Whale................ Eastern Tropical Pacific.... PAC....... SWC....... 11145 0.04 1.00 223 0 0 N
California Sea Lion......... California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 67399 0.12 1.00 4044 2093 2093 N
Common Dolphin, Long-Beaked. California.................. PAC....... SWC....... 5636 0.04 0.65 73 11 11 N
Common Dolphin, Short-Beaked California.................. PAC....... SWC....... 185181 0.04 0.65 2407 197 197 N
Dall's Porpoise............. California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 58902 0.04 0.65 766 33 33 N
Dwarf Sperm Whale........... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N
False Killer Whale.......... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... 470 0.04 0.65 6 0 0 N
Fin Whale................... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.10 0 0 0 Y
Fin Whale................... California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 573 0.04 0.10 1 0 0 Y
Guadalupe Fur Seal.......... Mexico to California........ PAC....... SWC....... 3259 0.12 0.50 98 0 0 Y
Harbor Porpoise............. Central California.......... PAC....... SWC....... 3430 0.04 0.65 45 31 31 N
Harbor Porpoise............. Washington/Oregon........... PAC....... SWC....... 24992 0.04 0.65 325 16 16 N
Harbor Porpoise............. North California............ PAC....... SWC....... 7649 0.04 1.00 150 0 0 N
Harbor Seal................. Washington, Inland Waters... PAC....... AKC....... 13053 0.12 0.50 392 14 14 N
Harbor Seal................. Oregon/Washington Coast..... PAC....... AKC....... 28322 0.12 0.50 850 231 231 N
Harbor Seal................. California.................. PAC....... SWC....... 18099 0.12 1.00 1086 725 725 N
Hawaiian Monk Seal.......... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... 1300 0.07 0.10 5 0 0 Y
Humpback Whale.............. California/Mexico........... PAC....... SWC....... 482 0.04 0.10 1 1 0 Y
Killer Whale................ Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N
Killer Whale................ California.................. PAC....... SWC....... 139 0.04 0.65 2 0 0 N
Melon-headed Whale.......... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N
Minke Whale................. California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 265 0.04 0.65 3 0 0 N
Northern Elephant Seal...... California, Breeding........ PAC....... SWC....... 42000 0.12 1.00 2520 158 158 N
Northern Fur Seal........... San Miguel Island........... PAC....... AKC....... 7112 0.12 0.50 213 0 0 Y
Northern Right Whale Dolphin California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 15080 0.04 0.65 196 34 34 N
Pacific White Sided Dolphin. California to Washintgon.... PAC....... SWC....... 82939 0.04 0.65 1078 18 18 N
Pilot Whale, Short-Finned... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N
Pilot-Whale, Short-Finned... California.................. PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 33 33 Y
Pygmy Killer Whale.......... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N
Pygmy Sperm Whale........... California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 481 0.04 0.65 6 2 2 N
Pygmy Sperm Whale........... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N
Risso's Dolphin............. Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N
Risso's Dolphin............. California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 22388 0.04 0.65 291 29 0 N
Rough-Toothed Dolphin....... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N
Sei Whale................... North Pacific............... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.10 0 0 0 Y
Sperm Whale................. Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.10 0 0 0 N
Sperm Whale................. California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 511 0.04 0.10 1 22 22 Y
Spinner Dolphin............. Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... 677 0.04 0.65 9 0 0 N
Spotted Dolphin, Pan Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N
Tropical.
Striped Dolphin............. Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N
Striped Dolphin............. California.................. PAC....... SWC....... 13639 0.04 0.65 177 0 0 N
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[FR Doc. 94-19397 Filed 8-8-94; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-22-P

---

Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/fr%3A94-19397. Public record. Not legal advice.