# Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act; Joint Rule for Unified and Combined State Plans, Performance Accountability, and the One-Stop System Joint Provisions; Final Rule > Briefs, arguments, decisions, and more. URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/fr%3A2016-15977 ## Record - **Collection:** Federal Register - **Document type:** Rule - **Published:** August 19, 2016 - **Citation:** 81 FR 55792 ## Text DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration 20 CFR Parts 676, 677, and 678 [Docket No. ETA-2015-0002] RIN 1205-AB74 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 34 CFR Parts 361 and 463 RIN 1830-AA21 Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act; Joint Rule for Unified and Combined State Plans, Performance Accountability, and the One-Stop System Joint Provisions; Final Rule AGENCY: Office of Career, Technical, and Adult Education (OCTAE), Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA), Education; Employment and Training Administration (ETA), Labor. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Departments of Education (ED) and Labor (DOL) (or, collectively, Departments) issue this Joint Final Rule to implement jointly administered activities authorized by title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) signed into law on July 22, 2014 (hereafter “Joint WIOA Final Rule”). Through these regulations, the Departments implement workforce education and employment system reforms and strengthen the nation's public workforce development system to provide increased economic opportunity and make the United States more competitive in the 21st century evolving labor market. This Joint WIOA Final Rule provides guidance for State and local workforce development systems that increase the skill and credential attainment, employment, retention, and earnings of participants, especially those with significant barriers to employment, thereby improving the quality of the workforce, reducing dependency on public benefits, increasing economic opportunity, and enhancing the productivity and competitiveness of the nation. DATES: This final rule is effective October 18, 2016. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: DOL: Adele Gagliardi, Administrator, Office of Policy Development and Research, U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, 200 Constitution Avenue NW., Room N-5641, Washington, DC 20210, Telephone: (202) 693-3700 (voice) (this is not a toll-free number) or 1-800-326-2577 (TDD—Telecommunications device for the deaf). ED: Lekesha Campbell, U.S. Department of Education, OCTAE, 400 Maryland Avenue SW., Room 11-145, PCP, Washington, DC 20202-7240, Telephone: (202) 245-7808; Edward Anthony, U.S. Department of Education, RSA, 400 Maryland Avenue SW., Room 5085 PCP, Washington, DC 20202-2800, Telephone: (202) 245-7256. If you use a telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD) or a text telephone (TTY), call the Federal Relay Service (FRS), toll free, at 1-800-877-8339. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This Joint WIOA Final Rule reflects changes made as a result of public comments received to the joint Notice of Proposed Rulemaking that was published on April 16, 2015, at 80 FR 20574. WIOA strengthens the alignment of the public workforce development system's six core programs by compelling unified strategic planning requirements, common performance accountability measures, and requirements governing the one-stop delivery system. In so doing, WIOA placed heightened emphasis on coordination and collaboration at the Federal, State, local, and tribal levels to ensure a streamlined and coordinated service delivery system for job seekers, including those with disabilities, and employers. These regulations lay the foundation, through coordination and collaboration at the Federal level, for implementing the Departments' vision and goals of WIOA. In addition to this Joint WIOA Final Rule, the Departments are issuing separate final rules to implement program-specific requirements of WIOA that fall under each Department's purview. The DOL is issuing a Final Rule governing program-specific requirements under titles I and III of WIOA (hereinafter “DOL WIOA Final Rule”). The ED is issuing three final rules: One implementing program-specific requirements of the Adult Education and Family Literacy Act (AEFLA), as reauthorized by title II of WIOA; and two final rules implementing all program-specific requirements for programs authorized under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended by title IV of WIOA. The Department-specific final rules are published elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register . Developing and issuing all five WIOA final rules collaboratively reinforces WIOA's heightened emphasis on coordination and collaboration to ensure an integrated and seamless service delivery system for job seekers and employers. Preamble Table of Contents I. Executive Summary II. Acronyms and Abbreviations III. Public Comments Received on the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking IV. Section-by-Section Discussion of Public Comments and Final Regulations A. Unified and Combined State Plans Under Title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (20 CFR Part 676; 34 CFR Part 361, Subpart D; 34 CFR Part 463, Subpart H) B. Performance Accountability Under Title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (20 CFR Part 677; 34 CFR Part 361, Subpart E; 34 CFR Part 463, Subpart I) C. Description of the One-Stop System Under Title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (20 CFR Part 678; 34 CFR Part 361, Subpart F; 34 CFR Part 463, Subpart J) V. Rulemaking Analyses and Notices A. Executive Orders 12866 and 13563: Regulatory Planning and Review B. Regulatory Flexibility Act C. Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 D. Paperwork Reduction Act E. Executive Order 13132 (Federalism) F. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 G. Plain Language H. Assessment of Federal Regulations and Policies on Families I. Executive Order 13175 (Indian Tribal Governments) J. Executive Order 12630 (Government Actions and Interference With Constitutionally Protected Property Rights) K. Executive Order 12988 (Civil Justice Reform) L. Executive Order 13211 (Energy Supply) I. Executive Summary Purpose of This Regulatory Action: President Barack Obama signed WIOA into law on July 22, 2014. WIOA is the first legislative reform of the public workforce system in more than 15 years, which passed Congress by a wide bipartisan majority. WIOA supersedes the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA) and amends the Wagner-Peyser Act and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. WIOA strengthens and improves our nation's public workforce system and increases economic opportunities for individuals in the United States, especially youth and individuals with significant barriers to employment, to secure and advance in employment. WIOA reaffirms the role of the customer-focused one-stop delivery system, a cornerstone of the public workforce development system, and enhances and increases coordination among several key employment, education, and training programs. WIOA supports innovative strategies to improve coordination among the six core programs and other Federal programs that support employment services, workforce development, adult education and literacy, and vocational rehabilitation (VR) activities. In WIOA, Congress directed the Departments to issue regulations implementing statutory requirements to ensure that the public workforce system operates as a comprehensive, integrated, and streamlined system to provide pathways to prosperity and continuously improve the quality and performance of its services to job seekers and to employers. Therefore, the Departments are issuing this Joint WIOA Final Rule to implement jointly administered activities authorized under WIOA, specifically those related to the Unified and Combined State Plans, performance accountability, and the one-stop delivery system. In an effort to promote collaboration and coordination at the State and local levels among the core programs and other Federal partner programs, the Departments have collaborated extensively with the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and other Federal agencies in developing this Final Rule. The Departments are publishing this Joint WIOA Final Rule to implement those provisions of WIOA that affect all of the six core programs, specifically the: Adult, dislocated worker, and youth programs authorized under title I and administered by DOL; AEFLA program authorized under title II and administered by ED; Employment Service program authorized under the Wagner-Peyser Act, as amended by title III, and administered by DOL (Wagner-Peyser Act Employment Service program); and VR program, authorized under title I of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended by title IV, and administered by ED. The requirements in these joint final regulations will be jointly administered by both Departments. The regulations contained in this Final Rule also impact other Federal programs that participate in the one-stop system and/or are identified as partner programs in a State's Combined State Plan if a State elects to submit such Plan rather than a Unified State Plan. A critical part of the implementation of WIOA is the collection and reporting of accurate, timely information about individuals who receive services through the programs authorized under the law. Such information is critical to inform public policy and support analysis of effective strategies. In keeping with the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA), the methods for collecting such information are provided to the public for comment through information collection requests (ICRs). The Joint WIOA Final Rule had two accompanying requests to support the performance and planning aspects of these rules. Soon after publication of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) (80 FR 20574, April 16, 2015), the Departments published a notice in the Federal Register announcing the joint ICR for the WIOA Performance Management, Information, and Reporting System (80 FR 43474, July 22, 2015) and requested comments on this ICR during a 60-day public comment period (hereinafter “WIOA Joint Performance ICR”) (see https://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=ETA-2015-0007 ). On September 1, 2015, DOL solicited comments on its own WIOA performance accountability ICR to require the following programs to report on a standardized set of data elements through the WIOA Workforce Performance Accountability, Information, and Reporting System: WIOA adult, dislocated worker, and youth, Wagner-Peyser Act Employment Service, National Farmworker Jobs Programs (NFJP), Trade Adjustment Assistance, YouthBuild, Indian and Native American (INA) grantees, and the Jobs for Veterans' State Grants (80 FR 52798) (hereinafter “DOL Performance ICR”) (see https://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=ETA-2015-0008 ). On April 16, 2015, ED solicited comments on its ICR related to the VR program Case Service Report (RSA-911) to require VR agencies to report data required under sec. 101(a)(10) of the Rehabilitation Act, of 1973, as amended by WIOA, as well as performance accountability data under title I of WIOA (hereinafter “RSA-911”). The Departments received 112 public comment submissions in response to the WIOA Joint Performance ICR, DOL received public comments on the DOL Performance ICR, and ED received public comments on the RSA-911 (respectively). On August 6, 2015, the Departments, together with the Departments of Health and Human Services, Agriculture, and Housing and Urban Development (HUD), proposed a new information collection regarding required elements for submission of the Unified or Combined State Plan and Plan modifications under WIOA (hereinafter “State Plan ICR”) (80 FR 47003) (see https://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=ETA-2015-0006 ). The State Plan ICR received a total of 16 public comments. These public comment submissions informed the development of the final State Plan ICR, which the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) approved on February 19, 2016. Most provisions in titles I through III of WIOA took effect on July 1, 2015, the first full program year after enactment; however, the new State Plans and performance accountability system requirements in the statute will take effect on July 1, 2016. Title IV took effect upon enactment unless otherwise indicated. Section V. Rulemaking Analysis and Notices, D. Paperwork Reduction Act provides summary information about the public comments on the Joint Performance ICR and the State Plan ICR. In addition to this Joint WIOA Final Rule, the Departments are publishing, in separate regulatory actions published in the Federal Register , four agency-specific final rules that implement the provisions of WIOA that are administered separately by the Departments—one published by DOL implementing the agency-specific provisions of title I, and three published by ED implementing the agency-specific provisions of titles II and IV. Readers should note that there are a number of cross-references in this Joint WIOA Final Rule to the agency-specific final rules. Finally, the Departments structured this Joint WIOA Final Rule so that the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) parts will align with the CFR parts in the agency-specific final rules. To implement those provisions of WIOA that affect the WIOA programs and which will be jointly administered by both Departments, these regulations implement a number of improvements that WIOA makes to the public workforce system. These include improvements to: • Ensure that workforce education and employment services are coordinated and complementary by requiring a single, 4-year strategic State Plan for achieving the workforce goals of the State. Additionally, States may conduct, along with the core programs, collaborative planning with other Federal education and training programs specified in WIOA; • Ensure that Federal investments in education, employment, and training are evidence-based, data-driven, and accountable to participants and taxpayers by establishing a common performance accountability system for the core programs, requiring other authorized programs to report on the common performance indicators, and providing easy-to-understand information to consumers and the public about training providers and program performance to help inform their decision-making; and • Enhance services provided to all job seekers and employers through the one-stop delivery system, also known as the American Job Center system, by: Requiring the colocation of the Wagner-Peyser Act Employment Service program; adding the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program as a required partner; providing for State-established certification to ensure high-quality American Job Centers; requiring partners to dedicate funding for allowable infrastructure and other shared costs that are commensurate to the partner's proportionate use and relative benefit received by the program; and promoting the development of integrated intake, case management, and reporting systems. Changes From the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking The Departments published a Joint WIOA NPRM on April 16, 2015 at 80 FR 20574. The Final Rule supports the tenets expressed in the NPRM. In response to comments received and to strengthen the intent of the law, the Departments have made numerous revisions, including but not limited to changes to the following areas: • State Plans: The Joint WIOA Final Rule text, among other things: (1) Clarifies the expected involvement of stakeholders, core programs, and the State Workforce Development Boards (WDBs) in the State Plan development; (2) ensures consistency by requiring a description of joint planning and coordination across core programs, required one-stop partners, and other programs and activities included in the Unified and Combined State Plans; (3) requires States to provide an opportunity for public comment on and input into the development of Unified and Combined State Plans prior to their submission, and (4) clarifies requirements for Unified and Combined State Plan modifications. The preamble responds to suggestions regarding certain Unified and Combined State Plan requirements, as well as provides further guidance and clarifications with regard to certain regulatory requirements governing the Unified and Combined State Plans. • Performance Accountability: The Joint WIOA Final Rule clarifies certain definitions, primary indicators of performance, and sanctions. Changes in the Final Rule text include, among others: (1) Revising the definitions of “participant,” “exit,” and “State;” (2) clarifying the credential attainment rate indicator; (3) adding the types of gain that are included in the measurable skill gains indicator; (4) clarifying the difference between the “adjusted level of performance” that is agreed upon at the time the Unified or Combined State Plan is approved and the “adjusted level of performance” that is determined at the end of the program year; and (5) adding a phased-in approach for sanctions due to failure to achieve adjusted levels of performance and a transition period for complete WIOA data to be available. The preamble explains intent to phase in implementation of the “effectiveness in serving employers” indicator and to implement a uniform, national customer satisfaction survey that is not tied to accountability provisions or the determination of sanctions. The preamble also provides further guidance and clarification regarding changes made to the Final Rule text, including the inclusion of outlying areas (American Samoa, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and, as applicable, the Republic of Palau) for purposes of the performance accountability system. • One-Stop Governance and Operations: The Joint WIOA Final Rule includes changes to the operational aspects of one-stop operations including, among others: (1) Revising coverage of multiple program services and staff coverage in one-stop affiliate sites; (2) revising infrastructure funding regulations, and emphasizing partners' responsibilities towards infrastructure costs; (3) providing detailed information about career services; (4) clarifying the involvement of the TANF programs as one-stop partners; (5) simplifying provisions governing Memoranda of Understanding (MOU) negotiations; (6) emphasizing the need to conduct an open competition for one-stop operator selection; (7); changing the requirements related to hours of operation outside normal business hours; (8) emphasizing both physical and programmatic accessibility; (9) clarifying when the State funding mechanism is triggered for the funding of the one-stop system, including the funding limits applicable to the State funding mechanism; and (10) establishing a deadline to conform to the new common one-stop identifier. As noted throughout this Final Rule, the Departments will be issuing guidance to help our regulated communities understand their rights and responsibilities under WIOA and these regulations. Consistent with the Administrative Procedure Act's exemption from its notice and comment requirement for general statements of policy, interpretations and procedural instructions, this guidance will provide interpretations of many of the terms and provisions of these regulations and more detailed procedural instructions that would not be appropriate to set out in regulations. The Departments will also be issuing guidance to provide information on current priorities and initiatives, suggested best practices, and in response to stakeholder questions. The Departments also made a number of non-substantive changes to correct grammatical and typographical errors to improve the readability and conform the document stylistically that are not discussed in the analysis below. II. Acronyms and Abbreviations AEFLA Adult Education and Family Literacy Act ABAWD Able-Bodied Adults Without Dependents ABS Adult Basic Skills APA Administrative Procedure Act BFET Basic Food Employment and Training BLS Bureau of Labor Statistics CBO Community-based organization CEO Chief elected official CFR Code of Federal Regulations CHIP Children's Health Insurance Program CMS Case Management System CRIS Common Reporting Information System CRO Community Rehabilitation Organization CSBG Community Services Block Grant CTE Career and Technical Education DOL U.S. Department of Labor DSA Designated State Agency DSU Designated State Unit ED U.S. Department of Education EEOC Equal Employment Opportunity Commission EFL Educational Functioning Level E.O. Executive Order ESEA Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ESL English-as-a-second-language ETA Employment and Training Administration ETP Eligible training provider FEDES Federal Employment Data Exchange System FEIN Federal employer identification number FERPA Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act FY Fiscal Year GED General Education Diploma GPA Grade Point Average GS General Schedule HHS Department of Health and Human Services HSE High School Equivalency HUD Department of Housing and Urban Development ICR Information Collection Request INA Indian and Native American INAP Indian and Native American Programs IPE Individualized Plan for Employment IT Information technology ITA Individual Training Account JVSG Jobs for Veterans State Grants LMI Labor market information LSAL The Longitudinal Study of Adult Learning MOU Memorandum of Understanding NAICS North American Industry Classification System NASWA National Association of State Workforce Agencies NFJP National Farmworker Jobs Program NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology NPRM Notice of Proposed Rulemaking MIS Management Information System OCTAE Office of Career, Technical, and Adult Education OJT On-the-job training OMB Office of Management and Budget ORR Office of Refugee Resettlement PII Personally identifiable information PIRL Participant Individual Record Layout POP Period of Participation PRA Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 PY Program Year RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act RFP Request for Proposals RHY Runaway and Homeless Youth RIA Regulatory Impact Analysis RSA Rehabilitation Services Administration SBA Small Business Administration SBREFA Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 SCSEP Senior Community Service Employment Program sec. Section of a Public Law or the United States Code SLDS Statewide Longitudinal Data System SNAP Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program SRC State Rehabilitation Council SSA Social Security Administration SSN Social Security Number SWA State Workforce Agencies TAA Trade Adjustment Assistance TAG Technical Assistance Guide TANF Temporary Assistance for Needy Families TDD Telecommunications Device for the Deaf TEGL Training and Employment Guidance Letter UI Unemployment insurance U.S.C. United States Code VETS Veterans' Employment and Training Service VEVRAA Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act VR Vocational rehabilitation WDB Workforce Development Board WIA Workforce Investment Act of 1998 WIOA Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act WISPR Workforce Investment Streamlined Performance Reporting WRIS Wage Record Interchange System III. Public Comments Received on the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking The Departments published five NPRMs related to WIOA on April 16, 2015. The first NPRM is the Joint Rule for Unified and Combined State Plans, Performance Accountability, and the One-Stop System Joint Provisions (80 FR 20574) (hereinafter “the Joint WIOA NPRM”); the second NPRM is the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (80 FR 20690); the third NPRM is the Programs and Activities Authorized by the Adult Education and Family Literacy Act (Title II of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act) (80 FR 20668); the fourth is the State Vocational Rehabilitation Services program; State Supported Employment Services program; Limitations on Use of Subminimum Wage (80 FR 21059); and the fifth is the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, Miscellaneous Program Changes (80 FR 20688). During the 60-day public comment period, the Departments received a total of 546 public comments on the Joint WIOA NPRM. In addition to these comments, the Departments also considered relevant public comments on the DOL and ED program-specific NPRMs. General Comments Comments: The Departments received many comments supporting these regulations. For example, the Departments received comments supporting cross-program data and performance measurement, the increased focus on adult education and services to immigrants, improved alignment between Federal initiatives and State and local needs, increased matching of apprenticeships with employers, as well as support for other provisions discussed in the section-by-section analysis below. Additionally, the Departments received comments commending the collaboration on joint regulations and encouraging additional coordinated guidance. Also, several commenters expressed support for the enactment of WIOA, noting the law will decrease unemployment, make the United States more competitive, lead to higher wages, and facilitate entry into the middle class. A few commenters generally opposed the rulemaking, in part because they disagreed with the role WIOA assigns to the Federal government concerning covered programs. Others suggested that the NPRM itself was excessive, overly cumbersome, and not understandable to the layperson, needed clarification, and was inconsistent with the plain and simple language of WIOA. Departments' Response: The Departments acknowledge these comments, but do not address them further in the Final Rule since they do not request specific changes to the regulatory text. However, the Departments note that the section-by-section analysis is drafted to provide additional clarity on complicated provisions, such as those related to the definitions used in the performance accountability regulations, requirements for the State funding mechanism for the one-stop system, and requirements for Unified and Combined State Plan modifications. Furthermore, revisions were made to various sections in the regulatory text to improve readability. Additionally, the Departments will continue to provide guidance and technical assistance, as needed, to assist States in implementing WIOA. Accessibility of the Public Workforce System to Individuals With Disabilities Comments: The Departments received many comments related to increased access to workforce services for individuals with disabilities, both in support of legislative changes and expressing concern that the regulations need to hold the public workforce system fully accountable to implement such changes. Several commenters noted that, under WIOA, individuals with disabilities will have greater access to workforce training programs and be able to take advantage of the benefits resulting from their training. However, one commenter asserted that the rule must do more to consider the unique needs of individuals with disabilities, who may take longer than others to achieve employment. Another commenter expressed concern that her organization would not have enough resources to provide pre-employment transition services to potentially eligible students with disabilities. A commenter encouraged efforts to improve the ability of the one-stop system to serve customers with disabilities through existing services and programs, and another urged the Departments to include specific requirements for training and access to text-to-speech and speech-to-text technologies for people with dyslexia and print disabilities. Departments' Response: WIOA includes numerous provisions intended to increase employment opportunities for individuals with disabilities, and these regulations reinforce those statutory provisions. There are numerous discussions throughout part 678 reiterating the Departments' intent to ensure access to needed employment and training services to all individuals. The Department has published a Final Rule to implement sec. 188 of WIOA, which prohibits discrimination against WIOA participants, by making technical changes only to its existing regulation implementing WIA ( i.e., (1) replicating at part 38 the rule from part 37, and (2) replacing references to the “Workforce Investment Act of 1998” or “WIA” with “Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act” or “WIOA” to reflect the proper statutory authority). See 80 FR 43,871 (July 23, 2015). In addition, on January 26, 2016, DOL proposed updating these regulations to better align with the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008, Public Law 110-325, sec. 2(b)(1), 122 Stat. 3553 (2008) and the relevant implementing regulations and guidance issued by the Department of Justice (28 CFR parts 35 and 36), as well as the final regulations and guidance issued by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (29 CFR part 1630, 76 FR 16978 (Mar. 25, 2011) (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission regulations implementing Americans with Disabilities Act title I)). See 81 FR 4493 (January 26, 2016). The proposed WIOA sec. 188 rule would ensure that the definition of “disability” is consistent with the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act and current case law, which will enable more individuals with disabilities to be effectively served within the public workforce system. That NPRM also addresses accessibility requirements (such as those for information and electronic technologies) and service animals. The Departments encourage commenters to review carefully the provisions of part 678 in this Joint WIOA Final Rule, as well as the proposed WIOA sec. 188 rule. With respect to the commenter's concerns about pre-employment transition services, the Departments acknowledge that the provision of these services is a new requirement imposed on the VR program under sec. 113 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended by title IV of WIOA. States must reserve at least 15 percent of their VR allotment to provide these services to students with disabilities. The ED provides detailed discussions regarding this requirement in the VR program-specific final regulations published elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register . Requests To Extend the Comment Period Comments: A few commenters requested a 60-day extension of the comment period. The commenters cited the size and complexity of the five proposed NPRMs implementing WIOA. Departments' Response: While the Departments recognize that the issues addressed in the NPRM are complex and important, the Departments concluded that the 60-day comment period was sufficient to provide the public a meaningful opportunity to comment, and this conclusion is supported by the hundreds of complex and thoughtful comments received. Additionally, the NPRM was available to the public for a preliminary review on the Federal Register Web site upon submission of the NPRMs to the Federal Register , which was several weeks prior to publication, thereby providing stakeholders additional time prior to the publication date. Conclusion These final regulations provide the critical framework for the implementation of WIOA. However, achieving the goals of WIOA will take visionary leadership and coordination at the State, regional, and local levels, and partnerships across many programs. It will require investment and innovation to develop new information technology that supports this important work, and make the most of this investment of public funds. The Departments will support these activities through program funding, on-going technical assistance and the provision of guidance to all levels of the American Job Center system. IV. Section-by-Section Discussion of Public Comments and the Final Joint Regulations A. Unified and Combined State Plans Under Title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (20 CFR Part 676; 34 CFR Part 361, Subpart D; 34 CFR Part 463, Subpart H) WIOA requires the Governor of each State to submit a Unified or Combined State Plan to the Secretary of Labor that outlines a 4-year strategy for the State's workforce development system. States must have approved State Plans in place to receive funding for the six core programs under WIOA—the adult, dislocated worker, and youth programs (WIOA title I); the AEFLA program (WIOA title II); the Employment Service program authorized under the Wagner-Peyser Act, as amended by WIOA title III (Wagner-Peyser Act Employment Service); and the VR program authorized under title I of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended by WIOA title IV (VR program). States must submit, at a minimum, a Unified State Plan, which encompasses the six core programs under WIOA. However, States are encouraged to submit a Combined State Plan, which must include the six core programs of the Unified State Plan, plus one or more Combined State Plan partner programs, as described at § 676.140(d): (1) Career and Technical Education (CTE) programs authorized under the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C. 2301 et seq. ); (2) TANF, authorized under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq. ); (3) Employment and training programs authorized under sec. 6(d)(4) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2015(d)(4)); (4) Work programs authorized under sec. 6(o) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2015(o)); (5) Trade adjustment assistance activities under chapter 2 of title II of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2271 et seq. ); (6) Services for veterans authorized under chapter 41 of title 38 United States Code; (7) Programs authorized under State unemployment compensation laws (in accordance with applicable Federal law); (8) Senior Community Service Employment Programs under title V of the Older Americans Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 3056 et seq. ); (9) Employment and training activities carried out by HUD; (10) Employment and training activities carried out under the Community Services Block Grant Act (CSBG) (42 U.S.C. 9901 et seq. ); and (11) Reintegration of offenders programs authorized under sec. 212 of the Second Chance Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17532). When a State elects this option, the Combined State Plan will take the place of the Unified State Plan for that State. Coordination across multiple Federal programs provides a wider range of coordinated and streamlined services to the customer. This part describes the submission process and content requirements for the Unified and Combined State Plans under WIOA. The major content areas of the Unified or Combined State Plan include strategic and operational planning elements. Strategic planning elements include State analyses of economic and workforce factors, an assessment of workforce development activities, formulation of the State's vision and goals for preparing an educated and skilled workforce that meets the needs of employers, and a strategy to achieve the vision and goals. Operational planning elements include State strategy implementation, State operating systems and policies, program-specific requirements, assurances, and additional requirements imposed by the Secretaries of Labor and Education, or other Secretaries, as appropriate. State WDBs are responsible for the development, implementation, and modification of the plan, and for convening all relevant programs, partners, and stakeholders. The Governor must ensure that the Unified or Combined State Plan is developed in a transparent manner and in consultation with representatives of Local WDBs and chief elected officials (CEOs), businesses, representatives of labor organizations, community-based organizations (CBOs), adult education providers, institutions of higher education, other stakeholders with an interest in the services provided by the six core programs, and any Combined plan partner program included in a Combined Plan, as well as the general public, including individuals with disabilities. Other stakeholders include, but are not limited to, youth education and workforce development providers, disability advocates and service entities, youth-serving programs, and other advocacy organizations relevant to the programs covered by the Unified or Combined State Plan. As noted in the NPRM, the Departments have chosen not to include all of the specific planning elements in the regulation. Instead, comprehensive State Plan requirements for both Unified and Combined State Plans are detailed in the WIOA Unified and Combined State Plan and Plan Modifications ICR, entitled “ Required Elements for Submission of the Unified or Combined State Plan and Plan Modifications under the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act ,” under the OMB Collection Number 1205-0522 (hereafter “WIOA State Plan ICR”). ICRs must be renewed every 3 years. In future years, the WIOA State Plan ICR may undergo revisions. Throughout this preamble, “WIOA State Plan ICR” refers to the WIOA State Plan ICR as published on February 19, 2016. The WIOA State Plan ICR went through two rounds of public comment before being finalized and future revisions will be subject to public comment as well, as required under the PRA. In addition, the Departments jointly have issued guidance explaining the mechanics of how a State must submit its State Plan, through TEGL No. 14-15, Policy Directive RSA-PD-16-03, and Program Memorandum 16-1, all entitled Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) Requirements for Unified and Combined State Plans , which were issued in March 2016. States must use the WIOA State Plan ICR to develop and submit the WIOA Unified or Combined State Plan and in accordance with instructions described in the jointly issued State Plan guidance. In the section-by-section discussions of each Unified and Combined State Plan provision below, the heading references the DOL CFR part and section number. However, ED has identical provisions at 34 CFR part 361, subpart D (under its State VR program regulations) and at 34 CFR part 463, subpart H (under a new CFR part for AEFLA regulations). For purposes of brevity, the section-by-section discussions for each Department's provisions appear only once—in conjunction with the DOL section number—and constitute the Departments' collective explanation and rationale for each provision. When the regulations are published in the CFR, these joint performance regulations will appear in each of the CFR parts identified above. Section 676.100 What are the purposes of the Unified and Combined State Plans? Section 676.100 describes the principal purposes of the Unified and Combined State Plans, which communicate the State's vision for the State public workforce system and serve as vehicles for developing, aligning, and integrating the State public workforce system across Federal programs. Section 676.100(b) explains how the strategies articulated in the plan support the State's vision and overarching goals. The goals of the 4-year Unified and Combined State Plans are to align and integrate Federal education, employment, and training programs; direct investments to ensure that training and services are meeting the needs of employers and job seekers; apply consistent job-driven training strategies across all relevant Federal programs; and engage economic, education, and workforce partners in improving the workforce development system. The Departments received a few comments on this section, none of which necessitated substantive changes to the regulatory text. Section 676.100, as discussed below, remains unchanged from the NPRM except for minor technical edits. Comments: Several commenters supported the Departments' stated purpose of the Unified and Combined State Plans. A commenter said the regulation should require that State WDBs be provided with regular ( e.g. , quarterly) program information and data, and at least annual analysis of the State's progress toward State Plan goals. Departments' Response: The Departments considered these comments and concur that regular receipt and review of program information, data, and analysis will better enable effective decision-making by the State WDB. Section 677.160 of the joint performance regulations requires States to report data annually for all six core programs; however, some programs will report data quarterly, specifically the WIOA title I programs, the Wagner-Peyser Act Employment Service program, and the VR program, in accordance with part 677 of this Joint WIOA Final Rule. The State's quarterly and annual reports are publicly available, and State and Local WDBs are encouraged to review this information regularly. Therefore, the Departments have concluded that it is unnecessary to amend the final regulations to require that data be provided to the WDBs regularly as the commenter recommended. Comments: A commenter requested confirmation that the references to “relevant” and “job-driven” education and training, in proposed § 676.100(b)(2) and (3), refer to “evidence-based” strategies identified in the Job-Driven Checklist (from Vice President Biden's report “Ready to Work: Job-Driven Training and American Opportunity” and the study of “What Works in Job Training: A Synthesis of Evidence”). The commenter urged the Departments to provide clarification on how to, and encourage States to, use the joint State planning process to ensure that these evidence-based strategies are incorporated into their newly energized workforce development systems. Departments' Response: The Departments agree that evidence- based strategies are important for the strategic planning required by this section. Paragraph (b)(2) of § 676.100 requires, as part of the description of the purpose of the Unified and Combined State Plans, that the plans direct investments to economic, education, and workforce training programs that focus on providing relevant education and training. Section 676.100(b)(3) further requires that plans apply strategies for job-driven training consistently across Federal programs. The references to “relevant” and “job-driven” education and training, in § 676.100(b)(2) and (3), include the “evidence-based” strategies identified in the Job-Driven Checklist from Vice President Biden's report “Ready to Work: Job-Driven Training and American Opportunity” and the study of “What Works in Job Training: A Synthesis of Evidence.” Through the issuance of joint Departmental guidance and instructions, the Departments offered further clarification and encouragement to States regarding how the joint planning process can ensure that evidence-based strategies are incorporated throughout the workforce development system, including the priorities of the job-driven checklist. No change to the regulatory text was made in response to this comment. Section 676.105 What are the general requirements for the Unified State Plan? Section 676.105 describes the general requirements for the Unified State Plan that apply to all six core programs. These requirements set the foundation for WIOA implementation by fostering strategic alignment, improving service integration, and ensuring that the public workforce system is industry-relevant, responds to the economic needs of the State, and matches employers with skilled workers. The Departments envision a plan that describes how the State will develop and implement a unified, integrated workforce development system rather than a plan that discusses the State's approach to operating each core program individually. Section 676.105(a) explains that Unified State Plans must be submitted in accordance with § 676.130 and sec. 102(c) of WIOA as explained in joint planning guidelines issued by the Secretaries of Labor and Education, with instructions to States on how to submit Unified State Plans. Section 676.105(b) implements WIOA's statutory requirements in sec. 102(a), and requires that the State submit the Unified State Plan to the Secretary of Labor to receive funding for the workforce development system's six core programs. The Departments made an editorial change under § 676.105(b) to clarify that at a minimum States must satisfy the requirements of a Unified State Plan to be eligible to receive funding for the workforce development system's six core programs. However, if a State submits a Combined State Plan then it will, by including all the requirements of a Unified State Plan as mandated by the regulation, also satisfy the requirements of a Unified State Plan. WIOA sec. 103(b)(1) and § 676.140(e)(1) of this regulation state that a Combined State Plan must include all of the requirements of a Unified State Plan. Therefore, if a State submits a complete Combined State Plan, it also will satisfy all the requirements of a Unified State Plan. Section 676.105(c) requires, in accordance with sec. 102(a) of WIOA, that the State outline its 4-year strategy for WIOA's core programs and meet the requirements of WIOA sec. 102(b). Paragraph (c) of § 676.105 remains unchanged from that proposed in the NPRM. Section 676.105(d), which implements sec. 102(b) of WIOA, describes the strategic and operational planning elements that must be included in the Unified State Plan. The final regulation, consistent with that proposed in the NPRM, concerns major structural elements rather than enumerating all the statutory State planning requirements. States still must comply with each of the statutory requirements, regardless of whether they are repeated in regulation. In addition to minor technical edits throughout, the Departments made two substantive changes to § 676.105(d)(3). First, in § 676.105(d)(3)(iv), the Departments specifically mention the assurance that the lead State agencies responsible for administering the core programs reviewed and commented on the appropriate operational planning of the Unified State Plan and approved those elements as serving the needs of the individuals served by the programs. Second, the Departments added a new paragraph (d)(3)(v) that requires the Unified State Plan to include a description of the joint planning and coordination across the core programs and other required one-stop partners and other programs in the workforce development system. While these provisions are new in these final regulations, they do not represent new requirements on the States because each of these requirements are contained in sec. 102(b) of WIOA and were applicable to the States regardless of whether they were mentioned in the NPRM. In these final regulations, the Departments have added § 676.105(e) to make clear that all of the requirements of part 676 (which implements the Unified or Combined State Plan requirements of secs. 102 and 103 of WIOA) apply to the outlying areas. As a result, the outlying areas must submit a Unified or Combined State Plan to receive funding for all of the core programs. This regulatory change is discussed at greater length below. Outlying Areas Comments: The Departments received several comments related to the applicability of Unified or Combined State Plan requirements to outlying areas. In the NPRM, the Departments sought comments specifically related to this issue and provided two options: Either (1) require outlying areas to submit Unified or Combined State Plans or (2) exempt outlying areas from the Unified or Combined State Plan requirement as a prerequisite for receiving funds for core programs. The commenters were unanimous in their support of explicitly requiring outlying areas to submit Unified or Combined State Plans as a prerequisite for receiving funding for all core programs. In so doing, these commenters said this approach would ensure consistency and a unified planning process, increase the relevance and validity of national program comparisons, and contribute to a fair and equitable distribution of funds. These commenters also noted that this approach would avoid the concern that outlying areas would submit Unified or Combined State Plans that include only the adult education and VR programs, since titles II and IV of WIOA require the submission of such plans as a prerequisite to receive funding. While supporting the approach that would require outlying areas to submit a Unified or Combined State Plan as a prerequisite to receive funding for all core programs, one commenter expressed concern that ED permits outlying areas to receive adult education program funds under title II through the Consolidated Grant to Insular Areas application process (Consolidated Grant process). The commenter recommended that if ED continues to permit the award of adult education funds through the Consolidated Grant process, the Departments should require that outlying areas choosing to go through the Consolidated Grant process include title II activities as part of the planning process for the Unified or Combined State Plan, even though their funding is awarded through the Consolidated Grant. Another commenter expressed concern that, if the outlying areas were not required to submit Unified or Combined State Plans for all core programs, a situation could exist in which the VR program would be the only component of such a plan if any of the outlying areas opted to include adult education program funds in its Consolidated Grant application process. The commenter suggested that, in such a situation, the Departments should ensure that outlying areas are not penalized and denied funding for the VR program, which is one of the six core programs under WIOA. Other commenters expressed general support for requiring outlying areas to submit Unified or Combined State Plans, and one commenter noted that the inconsistency in the definitions of “State” and “outlying areas” in WIOA raised questions as to congressional intent on the issue of whether the Unified or Combined State Plan requirements should be applicable to the outlying areas. A commenter suggested, if the intent of differing definitions was to treat outlying areas differently than States, a more comprehensive delineation should be provided. In particular, the delineation should specify more than just a “competitive process” for the title I programs since outlying areas have historically received funding for these programs on a formula basis. The commenter suggested that the requirement for competitions is inconsistent with the need for a Unified or Combined State Plan because, under a competition, funds would come into question every year. The commenter further suggested that if outlying areas are not going to be treated differently for purposes of the State planning requirements, a reconciliation of terms should be provided by Congress, thereby eliminating all ambiguity and restoring formula funding for the outlying areas through submission of a Unified or Combined State Plan. Departments' Response: The Departments agree that applying the Unified or Combined State Plan requirements to the outlying areas is most consistent with the vision under WIOA for all six core programs to provide an integrated and coordinated workforce development system. The Departments want to make clear that the State Plan requirements in WIOA secs. 102 and 103 apply to outlying areas, not just to States. To that end, the Departments have added clarifying language in § 676.105(e) of these final regulations. The Departments have concluded that requiring the outlying areas to submit Unified or Combined State Plans that incorporate all of the core programs as a prerequisite to receive funding under any of the core programs is most consistent with the plain meaning of WIOA's planning and allocation of funds requirements when both are read together. Further, it is the only interpretation that gives full meaning to the unified strategic planning required across all core programs. In resolving the apparent inconsistency and potential for confusion regarding the definitions of “State” and “outlying area,” as it was explained in the NPRM preamble, the Final Rule relies on the Secretary of Labor's general authority to regulate at sec. 189 of WIOA, and applicable provisions of titles II and IV of WIOA. In so doing, the Departments ensure that all core programs—and all grantees under each of those programs—are treated similarly, thereby achieving the vision of WIOA as an integrated and coordinated one-stop delivery system and a unified, strategic planning process encompassing all core programs. The Departments also agree with the commenter that the option, which has existed for ED, for outlying areas to include the adult education program as part of a Consolidated Grant application, raises some unique concerns with regard to the Unified or Combined State Plan requirements of WIOA. When an outlying area submits a Consolidated Grant application, pursuant to 48 U.S.C. 1469a, the application is submitted in lieu of any other State Plan required by any of the programs included in the Consolidated Grant application. The Departments have considered the suggestion made by the commenter; however, resolution of this particular concern goes beyond the scope of these joint regulations. The ED will take the recommendation under advisement and will address this issue more fully in its administration of the Consolidated Grant to Insular Areas. The Departments recognize that this interpretation raises additional questions with regard to the competition provisions that apply to the title I core programs in WIOA sec. 127(b)(1)(B). The DOL will address this issue in guidance. Joint Planning Guidelines Comments: Proposed § 676.105(a) is, in the NPRM, the first mention of joint planning guidelines to be issued by the Secretaries of Labor and Education. A number of commenters questioned whether the joint guidelines would be subject to public comment, and a few commenters challenged whether, in issuing the joint guidelines, the Departments would be in compliance with the Administrative Procedures Act (APA). Departments' Response: The Departments' joint planning guidelines, issued March 2016, complied with the APA. The APA does not require notice and comment for interpretative rules, general statements of policy, or rules of agency organization, procedure, or practice. See 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(A). The planning guidance falls under these exceptions, and thus, was not subject to notice and comment rulemaking. Specifically, the guidance includes procedural rules explaining the mechanics of how a State must submit its State Plan, as well as interpretive rules as needed to explain the applicable statutory and regulatory requirement. Comments: One commenter supported the inclusion of adult education as a core program in the Unified State Plan in § 676.105(b)(2), as well as the requirement that those who administer adult education programs be represented on State and Local WDBs. Multiple commenters asserted that any grant programs under the jurisdiction of DOL ETA and operated through the State Workforce Agency (SWA) or the one-stop delivery system should be required to be part of the State's Unified or Combined plan. As an example, the commenters said there should not be a separate planning process for the Jobs for Veterans' State Grant (JVSG) or Foreign Labor Certification. Another commenter said non-WIOA core program partners should be allowed to participate in the strategic portion of the planning process, even if they cannot fully align their program budgets and operational plans with a 2- or 4-year operational plan. Departments' Response: The Departments acknowledge the commenter's support for inclusion of those who administer adult education programs on the State and Local WDBs in the regulation as proposed. State and Local WDB requirements, and related comments, are discussed in sections of the DOL WIOA Final Rule preamble, which is published elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register ( see 20 CFR 679.110(b)(3)(iii)(A) and 679.320(d)). Regarding comments in support of including additional programs in the Unified State Plan, sec. 102(a) of WIOA and § 676.105(b) make clear that only the core programs (as defined in sec. 3(12) and (13) of WIOA) are to be included in such plan. Paragraph (b) of § 676.105 is consistent with the six core programs identified throughout WIOA. States may submit a Combined State Plan that could include the programs mentioned by commenters. If a State chooses to submit a Combined State Plan, the plan must include the six core programs and one or more of the Combined State Plan partner programs and activities described in sec. 103(a)(2) of WIOA, and § 676.140(d). The JVSG is a Combined State Plan partner program which States may include in a Combined State Plan as described under WIOA sec. 103 and § 676.140(d). Foreign Labor Certification is not a Combined Plan partner program under WIOA sec. 103; however, a State may include a description of Foreign Labor Certification in its State Plan among its description of other programs and activities. Regarding the inclusion of non-WIOA core program partners in the strategic portion of the planning process, WIOA sec. 102(b)(2) requires State Plans to discuss alignment among core programs and the employment and training services within education and human services programs which operate in partnership with the one-stop delivery system, including those not authorized by WIOA. Although not described in the regulation for State Plans, this requirement is reflected in the WIOA State Plan ICR. The Departments agree that coordination with program partners and stakeholders to the fullest extent possible is vital for successful joint planning. In addition to the changes made to § 676.105(d)(3) as described above and relevant to these comments, the Departments revised § 676.140 regarding Combined State Plans, which will be discussed in more detail below in connection with that section. Further comments regarding the importance of public comment, review, input and coordination in development of the plan are discussed in this preamble in § 676.130(c) and (d)(1) for Unified State Plans and under §§ 676.140(e)(4) and 676.143(b) and (c) for Combined State Plans. Comments: A couple of commenters responded to the authority granted to the Secretaries by WIOA sec. 102(b)(2) to create additional operational planning requirements beyond those already detailed in statutory language. These commenters requested that the Secretaries, in their discretion, keep to a minimum any additional planning requirements to reduce the burden placed on States and to provide States with ample opportunity to comply with statutorily established planning elements. Departments' Response: The Departments have considered these comments and agree. WIOA contains a detailed description of planning requirements, and the Departments have chosen not to include all of the specific planning elements in the regulation. However, as made clear in the NPRM and this preamble, States must comply with all State planning requirements set forth in WIOA regardless of whether the requirements are repeated in these regulations. Comprehensive State Plan requirements for both Unified and Combined State Plans are detailed through the WIOA State Plan ICR. The Departments have endeavored to keep additional planning requirements to a minimum, while also attempting to ensure that the WIOA reform principles of program integration and alignment, job-driven training, accountability and transparency are reflected in the State Plans. Comments: The Departments received a number of comments that requested plan requirements be added. In response to these suggestions, described in more detail below, the Departments have made no change to the regulatory text but have indicated whether the particular suggested requirements are indeed already included in the applicable WIOA State Plan ICR, published on February 19, 2016. In future years, the WIOA State Plan ICR may undergo revisions. The level of detail of the plan requirements suggested by the following comments is more appropriately addressed in the WIOA State Plan ICR than in the regulatory text. The Departments have declined to incorporate the following suggested changes in the regulatory text, but the discussion of the following comments points to various provisions of the WIOA State Plan ICR and other places in the regulation that are pertinent to the commenters' concerns. Some commenters asserted that the regulation should require that States address priority of service for covered veterans, and for those veterans with service connected and non-service-connected (condition not as a result of military service) disabilities. Departments' Response: The Departments have reviewed these comments. The WIOA State Plan ICR requires that States describe in their Unified or Combined State Plans how they will implement and monitor the priority of service provisions for all veterans in accordance with the requirements of 38 U.S.C. 4215. This provision applies to all employment and training programs funded in whole or in part by DOL. In addition, the WIOA State Plan ICR requires States to explain the referral process for veterans determined to have a significant barrier to employment, including certain disabled veterans, to receive services from the JVSG program. Comments: One commenter said the Departments should unify the definition of “supportive services” across programs, thereby aligning adult education and literacy activities with other core programs and with one-stop partners. The commenter noted the disparity between the definition of “supportive services” under sec. 3(59) of WIOA and the definition of “other services” under career pathways programs. The commenter concluded that the quality and type of wraparound services offered should not be dependent on the program in which individuals participate, and the Departments should encourage States to develop comprehensive wraparound services that are available to adults, youth, dislocated workers, and adult education students whenever possible. Departments' Response: WIOA sec. 3(59) provides a definition of “supportive services;” this definition applies to, and remains consistent across, all core programs. The WIOA State Plan ICR, which implements the statutory and regulatory requirements for Unified and Combined State Plans, requires States to describe how the entities carrying out the programs involved in the Unified or Combined State Plan including the core programs, any applicable Combined State Plan partner programs, and any mandatory and optional one-stop partner programs, will coordinate activities and resources to provide comprehensive, high-quality, customer-centered services. This requirement includes the provision of supportive services. However, the determination of need for, and the extent to which there is a need for, supportive services is within the State WDB's discretion, consistent with each of the individual program's authorizing statutes. Comments: One commenter, in response to § 676.105(d)(1), said the Departments should ensure that consistent data definitions and comparable data are used to assess respective labor market areas. Departments' Response: The WIOA State Plan ICR emphasizes the use of economic analysis and labor market information throughout and also addresses alignment of labor market information systems. The Departments encourage States to use a variety of accurate, reliable, and timely labor market information on which to base analyses in the State Plan. However, consistent with WIOA, the Departments will not require States to use a particular dataset and will leave the choice of data sources to the States' discretion, thereby allowing each State to meet its own unique needs and circumstances. Addressing the Needs of Individuals With Barriers to Employment Comments: A commenter suggested that the Departments require States to provide additional information regarding how they will address the needs of people with disabilities. Another commenter stated that WIOA requires that State and local planning efforts be informed by an analysis of various data, including data that include the education and skill levels of individuals with barriers to employment. A commenter said it would be helpful if the Departments explicitly required that States determine the number of individuals employed under 14(c) special wage certificates as part of the “analysis of the current workforce, employment and unemployment data, labor market trends, and the educational and skill levels of the workforce, including individuals with barriers to employment (including individuals with disabilities), in the State” pursuant to WIOA sec. 102(b)(1)(B). This commenter also stated that the strategic planning elements obligate the State to examine the specific employment related characteristics in their State and that this would be a valuable opportunity to gather information on employment statistics for individuals with disabilities. Departments' Response: Consistent with WIOA and these final regulations, multiple sections of the WIOA State Plan ICR require the State to address the needs of individuals with barriers to employment. The term “individual with a barrier to employment,” as defined in sec. 3(24) of WIOA, encompasses the following groups of people: Individuals with disabilities, including youth with disabilities; displaced homemakers; low-income individuals; Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians; older individuals; ex-offenders; homeless individuals, or homeless children and youths; youth who are in or have aged out of the foster care system; individuals who are English language learners, individuals who have low levels of literacy, and individuals facing substantial cultural barriers; farmworkers (as defined at sec. 167(i) of WIOA and Training and Employment Guidance Letter No. 35-14); individuals within 2 years of exhausting lifetime eligibility under the TANF program; single parents (including single pregnant women); and long-term unemployed individuals. Therefore, States are required to address the needs of individuals with disabilities in the Unified or Combined State Plan. Consistent with sec. 102(b)(1)(B) of WIOA and these final regulations, the WIOA State Plan ICR requires that State analysis related to individuals with barriers to employment include employment and unemployment, labor market trends, education, and skill levels of the workforce and any apparent gaps between the skills in demand by employers and the skill levels of the workforce. State and local planning efforts are informed by this analysis. Based on this analysis of workforce and labor market information required under sec. 102(b)(1)(B) of WIOA, § 676.105(d) and the WIOA State Plan ICR require State Plans to describe State's strategic vision and goals for developing its workforce and meeting employer needs in order to support economic growth and economic self-sufficiency. To that end, the State must describe its goals for preparing an educated and skilled workforce, including preparing youth and individuals with barriers to employment and other populations. Further, the WIOA State Plan ICR requires the State to assure that the State obtained input into the development of the Unified or Combined State Plan and provided an opportunity for comment on the plan by primary stakeholders, including organizations that provide services to individuals with barriers to employment and that the Unified or Combined State Plan is available and accessible to the general public. Additionally, the Departments agree that the number of individuals employed under 14(c) special wage certificates may be helpful as part of the analysis by the State of workforce needs. However, the benefit of requiring the collection of sufficient data elements to satisfy the needs of every program must be balanced with the burden such a requirement would impose on State program operators and participants. For this reason, the Departments are not regulating such a requirement. While the collection of this data element will not be required of States, comparable data is publicly available. When an employer applies for a sec. 14(c) certificate from the Department of Labor's Wage and Hour Division, the employer is required to report on their application the number of workers with disabilities they employed at subminimum wages during their most recently completed fiscal year. The Department of Labor's Wage and Hour Division posts on its Web site ( http://www.dol.gov/whd/workerswithdisabilities/ ) lists of all employers who hold sec. 14(c) certificates and certain data elements reported on their applications, including the number of workers with disabilities who were paid subminimum wages. Finally, the Departments agree that the strategic planning elements requirements present a valuable opportunity to gather information on employment statistics for individuals with disabilities, so long as States are mindful of Federal and State law protecting personally identifiable information (PII). Comments: A couple of commenters said States should be required to include the following information in their State Plans: (1) Explicit activities focused on how they will work to ensure “low-level learners” and hard-to-serve populations are served by the State Plan, and (2) a report on the diversity of programs funded and the actions taken to ensure broad participation at the local level. A commenter urged the Departments to encourage States and localities to build activities into their State Plans specifically directed at raising awareness about older workers and dispelling stereotypes. This same commenter also urged the Departments to encourage States to create plans that ensure engagement of all players to help employers connect with older workers. Departments' Response: The Departments have reviewed these comments. As noted above, States must address in their Unified or Combined State Plans the needs of “individuals with barriers to employment,” as defined in sec. 3(24) of WIOA, in the State's workforce analysis, goals for the public workforce system and in the State's stakeholder input and public comment assurances. As described above, the term “individual with a barrier to employment” includes individuals who have low levels of literacy and older workers. However, the Governors and State WDBs will determine the explicit activities appropriate for their individual States. For this reason, the Departments are not requiring in these regulations specific activities to satisfy these requirements, though we acknowledge that some states may elect to do so. In developing their Unified or Combined State Plans, States must conduct a thorough analysis of labor market statistics, which will address the needs of specific populations. The Departments do not have authority under WIOA to require a report on the diversity of programs funded and the actions taken to ensure broad participation at the local level, as recommended by commenters. Comments: A few commenters recommended that the Departments encourage WDBs to establish effective operational partnerships with Continuum of Care bodies and State councils focused on homelessness. A couple of commenters also suggested that the Departments encourage State Plans to include specific strategies for using employment to prevent and end homelessness. One commenter provided examples of specific strategies for using employment to prevent and end homelessness, including HUD support for public housing residents, individuals with housing vouchers, and housing and community development projects. Lastly, this same commenter urged the Departments to work with HUD and other national experts and initiatives to identify and promote promising examples of where and how homeless services systems and workforce systems are working together for the benefit of increasing employment and economic opportunity for job seekers. Departments' Response: The Departments have reviewed these comments. The Departments encourage State and Local WDBs to partner with appropriate entities to address the needs and concerns of individuals who are homeless or at risk of homelessness, including Continuum of Care bodies, State councils focused on homelessness, and programs administered by HUD. These are appropriate strategies for a State Plan in States with significant issues related to individuals who are homeless or at-risk of homelessness. As noted above, in developing its Unified or Combined State Plan, the State must address the needs of individuals with barriers to employment in the State's workforce analysis, goals for the public workforce system and in the State's stakeholder input and public comment assurances. An “individual with a barrier to employment” in WIOA sec. 3(24) includes homeless individuals. Because each State's needs and circumstances are unique, the Departments have not imposed the additional planning requirements suggested by commenters in these final regulations. The Departments agree with the commenter about the need for increased collaboration at the Federal level and, to that end, the Departments have collaborated with other Federal agencies, including HUD, in developing the WIOA State Plan ICR and will continue to do so to ensure full implementation of WIOA. Comments: A few commenters stated that WIOA represents a substantial shift from the WIA because it increases the amount of title I youth funding dedicated to out-of-school youth to 75 percent (up from the prior 30 percent under WIA) and expands the age range to include those between 16 and 24 years old. The commenters said immigrants represent more than 1 in 10 youth in this age range nationwide. The commenters urged the Departments to explore ways to encourage States and Local WDBs to review their program design and recruitment strategies to ensure that they are reaching and effectively serving eligible immigrants and youth in their communities who are English language learners. Departments' Response: Some guidance has already been released by DOL related to the change in the percentage of youth program (title I) formula dollars that must be spent on out-of-school youth, (see TEGL No. 23-14), and DOL plans to issue further guidance and technical assistance focused on strategies for complying with this requirement. The Departments agree that States should address their strategies for serving out-of-school youth in State Plans. The WIOA State Plan ICR requires States to describe the strategies the State will use to achieve improved outcomes for out-of-school youth as they are defined in WIOA sec. 129(a)(1)(B), including how it will leverage and align the core programs, any Combined State Plan partner programs included in this plan, required and optional one-stop partner programs, and any other resources available. In developing their Unified or Combined State Plans, States must address the needs of individuals with barriers to employment in their workforce analysis, goals for the public workforce system and in stakeholder input and public comment assurances. Under WIOA sec. 3(24), individuals with barriers to employment include youth with disabilities, homeless children and youths, youth who are in or have aged out of the foster care system, individuals who are English language learners, individuals who have low levels of literacy, and individuals facing substantial cultural barriers. In their Unified or Combined State Plan, States also must describe how the one-stop delivery system will ensure that each one-stop center is able to meet the needs of English language learners. The Departments encourage States with eligible immigrants and youth in their communities to revisit their program design and strategies to ensure that they are reaching and effectively serving these populations. Comments: A couple of commenters recommended that the Departments require that State Plans provide for access for English language learners to all title I-funded services. If any title I-funded programs in a State or locality are not explicitly expected to provide access to English language learners, the commenters continued, the Departments should require that the State or locality demonstrate how it is complying with Federal anti-discrimination provisions and providing equitable access to title I services for English language learners. Departments' Response: The Departments have reviewed these comments and agree that providing for the needs of English language learners through title I services, as well as other services, should be a component of all Unified and Combined State Plans. Sec. 102(b)(2)(C)(vii) of WIOA requires States to describe how the one-stop delivery system (including one-stop center operators and the one-stop delivery system partners) will comply with sec. 188 of WIOA. In addition, the WIOA State Plan ICR requires States to describe how the one-stop delivery system (including one-stop center operators and the one-stop delivery system partners) will ensure that each one-stop center is able to meet the needs of English language learners, such as through established procedures, staff training, resources, and other materials. The Departments agree with the importance of ensuring that States address the needs of the specific populations mentioned by the commenters. As noted above, States must address, in developing their Unified or Combined State Plans, the needs of individuals with barriers to employment in their workforce analysis, goals for the public workforce system, and in stakeholder input and public comment assurances. It also should be noted that WIOA grant recipients are subject to all of the requirements of the sec. 188 WIOA Nondiscrimination and Equal Opportunity Regulations (29 CFR part 38). Suggestions for State Plan Requirements Section 676.105(d)(3)(i) through (v) lists the operational planning elements that must be included in a Unified or Combined State Plan. Section 676.105(d)(3)(ii) states that operational planning elements must include State operating systems, including data systems, and policies that will support the implementation of the State's strategy. Comments: In response to these requirements, a commenter requested guidance on where to focus State efforts in technology planning. Specifically the commenter asked whether the State strategic plan can describe a schedule for developing a comprehensive technology plan and how States should prioritize investments in technology as funds become available. Another commenter requested guidance on the Departments' expectations regarding the States' development of a common intake system among one-stop partners. Departments' Response: The Departments have considered these comments and agree that additional guidance regarding the operational planning elements contained in a State Plan is appropriate. The Departments plan to issue joint planning and operational guidance regarding the technology planning and data systems to be used for reporting and intake systems. Further, States are encouraged to utilize the Departments' available technical assistance. Comments: A commenter recommended that the Departments require States to include and address the following five topics in their Unified State Plan: (1) Priority of Service, (2) Career Pathways, (3) Criteria for Selecting Employers for Work-based Training, (4) Youth Committees, and (5) Measurable Skill Gains. The commenter went on to detail how States should address each of the enumerated topics in the State Plans. Specifically, with regard to Priority of Service, the commenter recommended requiring that Unified State Plans include a description of how the Governor will ensure priority of service for title I adult career and training services for recipients of public assistance, individuals who are basic skills deficient, and other low-income individuals. Regarding career pathways, the commenter said Unified State Plans should be required to explain: How the WIOA definition of a career pathway will be applied to the programs in their State that align with industries in the regional economy; how the State will make accessible secondary and postsecondary education; how the State will include individual education and career counseling services; how the State will include integrated education and training; how the State is organized for acceleration; how the State will make available high school equivalency and at least one postsecondary credential; and how the State will promote career advancement. The commenter also recommended that Unified State Plans be required to demonstrate how they will track career pathway participants whose service happens not within one particular Federal program and funding stream, but across these programs through co-enrollment. In addition, this same commenter urged the Departments to require States to list the criteria they will use for selecting employers as an operational element of the Unified State Plan, and to ensure that local plans in their State similarly describe the criteria they will use for selecting employers. Regarding youth committees, the commenter recommended that the Departments require States to explain in their State Plans the State-directed format for local areas youth committee elections. Lastly, to ensure the effective implementation of the measurable skill gains indicator, the commenter recommended that Unified State Plans be required to ensure that local plans include: (1) A process describing how they will use the measurable skill gains indicator based on their service delivery strategies across programs, and (2) a list of the measurable skill gains that they will be utilizing in the coming year. Departments' Response: The Departments considered this comment but did not revise the regulatory text. Many of the concerns are already addressed by sec. 102 of WIOA, these regulations, and the WIOA State Plan ICR. The WIOA State Plan ICR, consistent with sec. 134(c)(3)(E) of WIOA, requires States to address, in developing their Unified or Combined State Plans, priority in the delivery of career and training services to individuals who are low income, public assistance recipients, or basic skills deficient. With regard to the commenter's concern about career pathways, the WIOA State Plan ICR, consistent with secs. 101(d)(3)(B) and 102(b)(2)(B)(ii) of WIOA, includes requirements for the State to describe both its sector and career pathways strategy. Further comments regarding career pathways are discussed in detail below. With regard to the commenter's concerns about work-based training, the WIOA State Plan ICR requires States to address work-based learning approaches as a part of adult, dislocated worker, and youth activities under title I-B of WIOA. However, the Departments decline to require a specific policy on employer criteria because the description of the State's approach will provide sufficient information to the Departments and stakeholders. Regarding youth committees, WIOA eliminates the requirement for Local WDBs to establish a youth council; however, the Local WDB may choose to establish a standing youth committee, as described at 20 CFR 681.110 ( see DOL WIOA Final Rule). States with Local WDBs that have chosen to form standing youth committees may describe this as a part of the State's operational planning elements, which are required in the WIOA State Plan ICR. However, the Departments have declined to require that States address standing youth committees because the creation of standing youth committees is determined by Local WDBs and the appropriateness of including such committees in the State Plan will vary from State to State. The DOL has issued guidance on standing youth committees, in TEGL No. 23-14 and in TEGL No. 8-15. Lastly, measurable skill gains is a required performance indicator under WIOA and it is defined in part 677 of this Joint WIOA Final Rule. That part further defines the specific allowable skill gains. The Departments addressed the data collection necessary to sufficiently measure skill gains and identify other indicators in the WIOA Joint Performance ICR. The Departments also provided further guidance on this particular issue. Therefore, the Departments decline to revise the regulatory text in response to the concerns discussed above. Comments: Some commenters said the Departments should require the States to include in their Unified or Combined State Plans a demonstration of how they will ensure that eligible providers have direct and equitable access to apply and compete for grants or contracts. Departments' Response: In response to this concern, the Departments direct the commenters to the WIOA State Plan ICR, which requires States to describe, with regard to the distribution of funds for title II programs in particular, how the eligible agency will ensure direct and equitable access to all eligible providers to apply and compete for funds. This provision in the WIOA State Plan ICR is consistent with sec. 231(c) of WIOA requiring direct and equitable access for all eligible providers under title II. Further, the WIOA State Plan ICR requires States to describe how the eligible agency will ensure that it is using the same grant or contract announcement and application procedure for all eligible providers. The guidance sufficiently addresses the commenters' concerns; no changes to the regulatory text were made in response to these comments. Comments: One commenter remarked that throughout the “Career Services” section of the law, there are references to the “assistance” provided by the one-stop center or its contractor as it relates to financial aid eligibility and filing for unemployment compensation. Due to the significant decline in resources, the commenter requested that State Plans address how statewide resources will be utilized to ensure local areas have enough staff to meet this demand, including how the State will allocate funding and merit staff. Departments' Response: The Departments have considered this comment and concluded that adopting a requirement such as that would result in substantial burden to the States. The purpose of WIOA is best served if the States retain flexibility to determine the best use of staff resources to deliver workforce services in the State. Industry and Sector Partnerships Comments: Several commenters recommended that the Departments require States to describe in the Unified State Plan how they will carry out the requirements under WIOA sec. 101(d)(3)(D) relating to the development of industry or sector partnerships. One of these commenters made several recommendations with regard to industry or sector partnerships. First, require regional plans to clarify the relationship between regional sector initiatives and any industry or sector partnerships in the regional planning area. Second, establish a new subpart H covering Industry or Sector Partnerships that, at a minimum, (a) describes the purposes of industry or sector partnerships, (b) reiterates the required partners for an industry or sector partnership as set forth in WIOA, (c) clarifies the role of Local WDBs in industry and sector partnerships, (d) identifies the ways in which States and local areas can evaluate the effectiveness of industry or sector partnerships, and (e) eliminates the current references to industry or sector partnerships in proposed § 678.435, which generally describes the business services that must be provided through the one-stop delivery system. Additionally, as noted in the portion of the DOL WIOA NPRM preamble addressing 20 CFR 675.300, commenters recommended that the Departments define the terms “Industry and Sector Partnership” and “Sector Strategy” and suggested specific components to include in such definitions. Departments' Response: The WIOA State Plan ICR requires States to describe the strategies they will implement, including industry or sector partnerships related to in-demand industry sectors and occupations and career pathways, as required by WIOA sec. 101(d)(3)(B) and (D). It also requires States to address industry sectors and occupations throughout the analyses required in the State Plan. Additionally, WIOA sec. 3(26) defines “industry or sector partnership.” Due to the changing needs of the workforce and employers, and in order to maximize States' flexibility to develop strategies to address these changing needs, the Departments decline to change the regulation to be more prescriptive through changing the definition of “industry or sector partnership,” defining the term “sector strategy,” or adding a new subpart H on industry or sector partnerships. The Departments have provided technical assistance on sector strategies and plan to continue to do so while also issuing further guidance on industry and sector partnerships. Lastly, regional planning requirements are addressed in 20 CFR 679.510 ( see DOL WIOA Final Rule published elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register ). Comments: One commenter recommended that special emphasis be placed upon highlighting the importance of credentialing within industry and sector partnerships, especially for new high-growth industries. Specifically, the commenter recommended the following: (1) Funds be specifically allocated and used for State and local credentialing efforts within industry or sector partnerships, (2) DOL link credentialing to industry or sector partnerships and amend the proposed State Plan requirements to require States to use explicit language to clarify how they will integrate credentialing into the development of new industry or sector partnerships, where applicable, and (3) States should be required to explain their efforts to find industry-driven credentials as part of their Unified State Plans while providing a list of those credentials to DOL. Departments' Response: The Departments agree that credentialing as a part of industry or sector partnerships is important. The WIOA State Plan ICR supports the inclusion of credentialing and its role in sector and career pathways strategies. Specifically, the WIOA State Plan ICR, consistent with sec. 102(b)(2)(B)(vi) of WIOA, requires States to describe how their strategies will improve access to activities leading to recognized postsecondary credentials, including registered apprenticeship certificates. The requirement in the WIOA State Plan ICR further includes credentials that are industry-recognized certificates, licenses, or certifications, and that are portable and stackable. The WIOA State Plan ICR also requires States to describe the strategies the State will implement, including industry or sector partnerships related to in-demand industry sectors and occupations and career pathways, as required by WIOA sec. 101(d)(3)(B) and (D). Such strategies may include the use of credentials or industry-recognized certificates. The Departments have concluded that these requirements adequately address the States' use of credentials within industry or sector partnerships. The Departments have declined to require States to use explicit language regarding how they will integrate credentialing and the State's efforts to fund industry-driven credentials, or to require that States provide a list of those credentials to the Departments to reduce planning burdens on States. Lastly, funding allocations for State credentialing efforts are outside the authority of this rule. Career Pathways Comments: Several commenters were pleased that WIOA sec. 3(7) codifies a definition of “career pathways” in Federal law, but they expressed concern that the rule includes little guidance on how career pathways are to be implemented. These commenters recommended that the Departments require States to describe how they will carry out the requirements under WIOA relating to the development of career pathways. Departments' Response: The Departments considered the commenters' support for the WIOA definition of career pathways and the recommendation that States be required to describe how they will carry out the development of career pathways in the State Plan. Career pathways are designed to serve a diverse group of learners, including youth, dislocated workers, veterans, individuals with disabilities, individuals who have low levels of literacy or English proficiency, new immigrants, women, and minorities. Career pathways programs provide opportunities for more flexible education and training, allow people to earn industry-recognized credentials, and support the attainment of marketable skills that transfer into work for all. The Departments are choosing not to regulate further regarding the implementation of career pathways in order to promote maximum flexibility at the State and local level, and the Departments will continue to support career pathways programs locally and regionally through comprehensive technical assistance. Comments: A number of commenters recommended that the rule clarify the minimum requirements that a Local WDB must satisfy in order to demonstrate successful implementation of career pathways. A few commenters encouraged the Departments to use a forthcoming Career Pathways and Credentials Toolkit to amplify and build awareness of States' and localities' requirements for career pathways under WIOA. Another commenter encouraged the Departments to expand the use of career pathways, especially for racial minorities and women, and to provide support to States and localities as they implement plans to improve career pathways available locally and regionally. One commenter said the Departments should offer more specific guidance for operationalizing career pathways, such as acceptable strategies for braiding funding streams from titles I and II of WIOA and ways to identify and improve career pathways programs, with a particular focus on how to integrate wraparound services successfully into career pathways programs. One commenter provided the following recommendations: • Unified State Plans should be required to demonstrate how to track career pathway participants whose service happens across Federal program and funding streams through co-enrollment. • The required elements for the Unified State Plan should specify the need to identify co-enrolled participants across the WIOA titles and in the CTE and human service partner systems. • Unified State Plans should illustrate roles for CTE partners in development and implementation of career pathways, including strategies for co-enrollment. • The Joint WIOA Final Rule should provide guidance to title I and title II providers on working with CTE in the design and implementation of career pathways, and should promote shared decision-making. • Unified State Plans should be required to address strategies for serving TANF recipients through career pathway programming, as part of the plan's description of how career pathway services will be provided to adults, youth, and individuals with barriers to employment. Departments' Response: Consistent with sec. 101(d)(3)(D) of WIOA, the WIOA State Plan ICR includes requirements for the State to describe the career pathways strategies. The WIOA State Plan ICR, consistent with secs. 101(d) and 102(b)(2) of WIOA, also requires States to describe how such activities will be aligned across the core programs and Combined State Plan partner programs included in the State Plan and among the entities administering the programs, including using co-enrollment and other strategies, as appropriate. States have the option of including strategies that address TANF recipients as well as the option of including TANF as a Combined State Plan partner program in a Combined State Plan. Because career pathways, co-enrollment, and TANF recipients already are reflected in guidance, the Departments decline to regulate planning requirements regarding career pathways further. Regarding commenters' suggestions for specific strategies around implementation and requests for guidance, the Departments agree that additional guidance is necessary to describe WIOA requirements for incorporating career pathways into the State's strategies, although the Departments have concluded that additional regulatory text on career pathways is not necessary. The Departments are working in partnership with other Federal agencies to provide additional guidance on the implementation of career pathways in WIOA, and the Departments continue to take steps to incorporate career pathways approaches into a wide range of program investments, evaluation and research activities, and technical assistance efforts. Combined State Plan Partner Programs Paragraph (d)(2) of § 676.105 specifically requires that Unified State Plans include strategies for aligning the core programs with Combined State Plan partner programs and other resources to support the State's vision and goals (WIOA sec. 102(b)(1)). Comments: A few commenters noted that the term “optional programs” is not used in WIOA sec. 102(b)(1), but the commenters also acknowledged that from the context it is apparent that the Departments intended to refer to the programs described at sec. 103(a)(2) and proposed § 676.140(d). The commenters supported this language, but they encouraged the Departments to clarify this intent explicitly by amending proposed § 676.105(d)(2) to include “as described in § 676.140(d)” after the words “optional programs.” One commenter stated that while the use of the term “optional programs” for other workforce development programs is understood to be in reference to the fact that they are not required to be part of Unified Plans, there is the danger that the term could inadvertently send a message about the value of these programs. The commenter recommended that guidance should clarify that “optional” only refers to the planning requirements and does not imply that other programs beyond the WIOA “core” programs are any less essential to workforce development. Departments' Response: The Departments have reviewed these comments and agree that the term “optional program” was unclear. The term “optional,” as used in the NPRM, referred to the State's option of including these partner programs in a Combined State Plan. The Departments also agree that Combined State Plan partner programs are a valuable part of the workforce development system and the Departments encourage States to maximize the involvement of these programs in developing the State's strategies, goals, and vision for the one-stop delivery system in each State. The Departments revised § 676.105(d)(2), by replacing the term “optional programs” with “Combined State Plan partner programs” and also applied the suggested edit cross-referencing the term to § 676.140. The sentence now reads as “Strategies for aligning the core programs and Combined State Plan partner programs as described in § 676.140(d), as well as other resources available to the State, to achieve the strategic vision and goals in accordance with sec. 102(b)(1)(E) of WIOA.” Throughout this preamble to the Joint WIOA Final Rule, the Departments have generally used the term “Combined State Plan partner program” to refer to what were called “optional programs” in the NPRM. Coordination in Plan Development Comments: A number of commenters expressed concern about having an adequate voice and input into the State Plan development process. One commenter requested that the Departments issue a stronger or clearer regulation addressing which entities must be involved in the process. Departments' Response: The Departments reviewed these comments and agree that the regulation would benefit from a more explicit statement regarding the role of core programs in the planning process. In response to these comments, the Departments have added a new paragraph (d)(3)(v) to § 676.105 to clarify that operational planning elements must include a description of joint planning methods across core programs and required one-stop partner programs and other programs and activities in the Unified Plan. Due to this addition, proposed § 676.105(d)(3)(v) has been redesignated as § 676.105(d)(3)(vi) in this Joint WIOA Final Rule. The Departments also have added a new paragraph (c) to § 676.130 to explain how stakeholder and core program providers should be involved in plan development, as well as the role of the State WDB in plan development. The Departments have made parallel revisions to §§ 676.140 and 676.143 for Combined State Plans, all of which will be discussed in connection with each of these provisions. Comments: Several commenters supported the unified planning process in general but expressed concern about the lack of oversight and enforcement mechanisms regarding the requirement that the development of the plan is collaborative. The commenters urged the Departments to remind all the core programs that they must truly collaborate if WIOA is to succeed. Similarly, a commenter said the rule's strategic approach will require constant collaboration between Federal, State, and local governments, as well as other community partners, but the willingness to collaborate among these actors must be present. This commenter said other challenges include resistance to change within the workforce system, procurement requirements in a single State area, and conflicting performance requirements from different funding streams. Another commenter said research has shown that bundling multiple services leads to more successful outcomes in the workforce development field, and the workforce system provides an ideal platform to integrate financial capability services because they both are focused on ensuring individuals have the tools to participate in, contribute to, and benefit from the mainstream economy. Departments' Response: The Departments issued this Final Rule jointly to lay the foundation, through coordination and collaboration at the Federal level, for implementing the vision and goals of WIOA. One of WIOA's principal areas of reform is to require States to plan across programs and include this planning process in the Unified or Combined State Plans, which promotes a shared understanding of the workforce needs of a State and a comprehensive strategy for addressing those needs. Unified or combined planning can support better alignment of resources, increased coordination among programs, and improved efficiency in service delivery. The Departments considered these comments and recognize the challenges mentioned by the commenters. WIOA placed heightened emphasis on coordination and collaboration at the Federal, State, and local levels to ensure a streamlined and coordinated service delivery system for job seekers. The WIOA State Plan ICR, consistent with the statutory and regulatory requirements, reinforces the importance of collaboration in the development of State Plans. However, to further address these comments and others relating to the issue of collaboration and stakeholder involvement, the Departments have added new paragraph (d)(3)(v) to § 676.105 to clarify that operational planning elements must include a description of joint planning methods across core programs and required one-stop partner programs in the Unified Plan. The WIOA statute and the WIOA State Plan ICR require the State to assure that core programs have “reviewed and commented on the appropriate operational planning elements of the Unified State Plan, and approved the elements as serving the needs of the populations served by such programs.” The Departments have amended § 676.105(d)(3)(iv) to emphasize this statutorily required assurance. Lastly, the Departments note that some of the stated challenges, such as procurement requirements, are not relevant to the regulation of State Plans. Regarding the challenges cited by commenters regarding differing reporting requirements, WIOA has addressed this challenge by requiring the six core programs to report performance outcomes against the primary indicators of performance. The core programs will all use the same definitions and data elements. The Departments agree that aligning performance outcomes is a significant step toward aligning programs. WIOA sec. 116's performance requirements are addressed in the WIOA State Plan ICR Appendix 1, as well as the WIOA Joint Performance ICR and part 677 of this Joint WIOA Final Rule. The Role of State Workforce Development Boards in Plan Development Comments: Several commenters requested clarification about the role of the State WDB in approval of State Plans. One commenter said the Departments should require the State WDB to review and approve the State Plan before submission. This same commenter asked if core programs were required to sign off on the plan, or if their representation on the State WDB would serve that purpose. A commenter asked about the authority of a State WDB over specific programs' plans, specifically requesting clarification on whether the Board can, in effect, veto a portion of the plan. Departments' Response: The Departments reviewed these comments and agree that the Joint WIOA Final Rule should provide additional clarification about the role of the State WDB in approval of State Plans. Accordingly, the Departments revised §§ 676.130(c) and 676.143(b) to clarify expected roles during plan development. More detail will be provided in the discussions related to these particular sections below. The Departments expect the States to recognize the importance of an inclusive and collaborative process in developing the State Plan. The Departments also have revised § 676.105(d)(3)(iv), which implements an assurance required by sec. 102(b)(2)(E) of WIOA. Under § 676.105(d)(3)(iv), States are required to assure that the lead State agencies responsible for the administration of the core programs review and comment on the appropriate operational planning sections of the Unified State Plan and approve that each element serves the needs of the population served by such programs. Comments: A commenter requested clarification on the processes of State, regional, and local planning. Specifically, this commenter wondered how much direct influence local workforce boards will have in their State's respective State Plans. The commenter requested greater assurances that Local WDBs be systematically included in the State planning process. Similarly, a commenter recommended that Governors must have Local WDB and CEO consent before taking actions impacting Local WDBs, stating that most of the best innovations are developed based on local relationships. Another commenter recommended regulatory language that enables local areas to meet the needs of the State WDB in meeting their responsibilities under WIOA for statewide planning, but encourages and allows local areas to provide their own input, feedback, and strategies within the local plan. Departments' Response: The Departments agree with the commenters that it is important for the Governor to include Local WDBs and CEOs in the State planning process. Section 679.110 of 20 CFR requires that State WDB membership include two or more CEOs ( see DOL WIOA Final Rule published elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register ). The Governor has the flexibility to appoint more local elected officials to the State WDB as he/she sees fit. The Departments encourage the Governor to use this authority, which may include increasing the representation of CEOs, to ensure accurate representation of the interests of job seekers and businesses in the State and also to ensure the involvement of these local representatives in the State planning process. WIOA does not require that Governors must have Local WDB and CEO consent before taking actions impacting Local WDBs. However, the Departments do expect engagement of Local WDBs in the development of the State Plan through public comment and input. This is further discussed below at § 676.130(d). The requirements for local plan development and input are discussed in 20 CFR 679.550 ( see DOL WIOA Final Rule published elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register ). Section 676.110 What are the program-specific requirements in the Unified State Plan for the adult, dislocated worker, and youth programs authorized under Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act title I? Section 676.110 indicates that program-specific requirements for the adult, dislocated worker, and youth workforce investment activities in the Unified State Plan are described in sec. 102(b)(2)(D)(i) of WIOA. Additional planning requirements may be explained in joint planning guidelines issued by the Secretaries of Labor and Education. Proposed Additional Title I Program-Specific Requirements to State Plans Comments: One commenter agreed with the proposed program-specific requirements in §§ 676.110 through 676.125. Another commenter stated that this section provides insufficient direction and accountability to ensure that the needs of individuals with a barrier to employment or who have priority of service are adequately included and addressed in a Unified or Combined State Plan. The commenter recommended that the Departments require that State and local planning efforts utilize the most current Census and administrative data available to develop estimates of each priority service population in their planning efforts, and update these data year to year. The commenter said these data should be utilized in Federal reviews of State Plans to ensure that system designs and projected investments are equitably targeted to service-priority populations. The commenter further stated that the data also should be used to benchmark system performance in actual implementation of the priority of service from year to year. Departments' Response: The Departments have considered these comments. The WIOA State Plan ICR, consistent with WIOA requirements for title I-B programs, requires States to address priority in the delivery of career and training services to individuals who are low income, public assistance recipients, or basic skills deficient. WIOA sec. 134(c)(3)(E) prioritizes these groups for the receipt of individualized career services and training services. The Departments encourage States to use a variety of accurate, reliable, and timely labor market information on which to base analysis and priority of service. Indeed, priority for use of adult funds can be made using a variety of available data, in addition to the use of Census data. However, to minimize the burden for each individual State, the Departments will not require States to use a particular dataset, leaving it to the discretion of the States to choose the appropriate data sources. Section 676.115 What are the program-specific requirements in the Unified State Plan for the Adult Education and Family Literacy Act program authorized under Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act title II? Section 676.115 explains the additional planning requirements to which the AEFLA program is subject. Section 676.115 contains three specific program requirements. First, § 676.115(a) restates the statutory requirement that the eligible agency must explain in its Unified or Combined State Plan how it will align its adult education content standards with its State-adopted challenging academic content standards under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act by July 1, 2016. Second, § 676.115(b)(1) addresses the requirement that States describe the methods and factors the State will use to award multi-year grants on a competitive basis to eligible providers. Third, § 676.115(b)(2) requires that States describe the methods and factors used to provide direct and equitable access to funds using the same grant or contract announcement or application procedure. Based on comments, and as discussed further below, the Departments have deleted proposed regulatory text at § 676.115(c) concerning a requirement to describe the interoperability of data systems. Deletion of paragraph (c) is the only substantive change made to this regulatory provision from that proposed in the NPRM. Timing of Plan Acceptance and Open Competitions Comments: Many commenters expressed concern that States may have to issue requests for proposals (RFPs) for funds before the plans have been approved. Several commenters said that this would result in an RFP process that does not address the objectives of the State Plan. Some commenters asked that the Departments provide an additional transition year in order to allow for the time necessary for States to receive State and local plan approval and begin the implementation of the approved plans, after which the States could run their competitions in alignment with the approved plans. Departments' Response: The Departments agree with the commenters' concerns and recognize the time that is required for State procurement processes. The ED understands that it would create difficulties to require States to issue RFPs prior to the State Plan being approved when the RFPs are intended to be based on the approved State Plan. Additionally local plans must be in place before the RFP can be issued so applications for subgrants can be aligned with local plans. The ED has issued guidance regarding the process for awarding subgrants to eligible providers authorized under title II, which provides information regarding the timing of competitions and their alignment with State and local plans. It is not necessary to address this concern in the regulation and the regulation is not revised in response to these comments. Alignment With State Elementary and Secondary Education Act Standards Comments: Numerous commenters stated that most States have adopted the College and Career Readiness Standards for adult education and will demonstrate in their State Plans how the College and Career Readiness Standards for adult education align with the standards that State established under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, as amended (ESEA). These commenters also expressed concern regarding the unavailability of standards for adult education that focus on English Language Acquisition. Additionally, commenters raised concerns about the absence of assessments that measure performance on the College and Career Readiness Standards for adult education and recommended that the Departments provide a 3-year transition period during which States are held accountable based on the available assessments instruments. A commenter also recommended that the Departments integrate the English language descriptors into the current adult education National Reporting System Educational Functioning Levels descriptors. Finally, another commenter recommended that the Departments adjust accountability measurements to reflect separate English Language Acquisition tables in the National Reporting System from the standard adult basic education (ABE) standards. Departments' Response: The Departments have reviewed the commenters' concerns related to having adequate time to establish English Language Acquisition content standards, as well as the lack of assessment mechanism to measure adult education content standards. The ED recognizes that English Language Acquisition content standards do not yet exist. The ED acknowledges that there are currently no National Reporting System-approved assessment instruments by which to measure student progress and achievement in relation to College and Career Readiness standards. However, based on our review of the comments, it appears that some commenters might have misunderstood the proposed requirement pertaining to content standards. The final regulations require the eligible agency to describe in the Unified State Plan how, by July 1, 2016, it will align its content standards for adult education with State-adopted challenging academic standards under the ESEA. The regulations do not require that the State implement those standards by July 1, 2016, or that the State implement assessments aligned to the standards by July 1, 2016. The ED intends to issue guidance pertaining to the alignment and implementation of standards; the standards for English language acquisition; and the aligned assessments for accountability in adult education. Finally, although the Departments reviewed the comments about the integration of the English Language Acquisition descriptors into the National Reporting System and the separation of the accountability measures in the English Language Acquisition table from the ABE tables, the Departments concluded that they do not have the statutory authority to address these in the final regulations. No changes to the regulatory text were made in response to these comments. Interoperability of Data Systems Comments: Numerous commenters sought clarification on the definition of “interoperability.” Several commenters stated that there is a national data integration workgroup at the Federal level; and recommended that, rather than each State expending time and funds to create an interoperable system, the Departments give the States the option to await the results of the national data integration workgroup before creating their State interoperable system. Commenters stated that, due to the variety in State data systems, regulations that attempt to implement a “one size fits all” approach are impractical. These commenters recommended that the Departments convey expectations for interoperability via non-regulatory guidance (including guidance highlighting existing solutions and offering States options for reporting this data). A commenter recommended that DOL work with other Federal agencies to establish minimum national standards for how integrated data systems should be designed and interface with existing public systems to support the employment needs of adults and youth facing barriers to employment. The commenter also urged DOL to work with other Federal agencies to ensure that integrated data systems align with existing data being collected on employment, education, and training services across Federal programs. A commenter said the requirement for a description of how the State will ensure interoperability of data systems in the reporting on core indicators of performance and performance reports is listed only under the AEFLA title II specific section (§ 676.115); however, in the law, the requirement for such information is listed under sec. 102(b)(2)(C) State Operating Systems and Policies of WIOA. Therefore, the commenter suggested § 676.115(c) should be moved to § 676.105, General Requirements. Another commenter said the regulations place the responsibility of ensuring interoperability of data systems on the title II adult education programs, which is not feasible because the various data systems are governed under different programs and frequently by different agencies. The commenter also said the rule seems to place the burden of supporting the cost of interoperability on title II adult education programs, which is not equitable because there will likely be a significant cost to creating such interoperability. The commenter recommended that the Departments restate this in regulation as a joint requirement of core programs and any programs included in a Combined State Plan. Departments' Response: The Departments agree with commenters' concerns regarding the complexity of integration, including the amount of time, planning, and resources necessary to achieve such integration. The Departments agree with the commenters that the integration and interoperability of data systems is not limited to title II of WIOA. The Departments understand that performance and accountability data collection and systems integration is a long-term process that will involve additional costs and resources for all programs. The Departments will review reports from the national data integration workgroup, as well as information from the planning descriptions provided by States in the initial State Plan, to inform possible policy decisions and the development of guidance on this topic. The Departments also will look into similar data collection and system integration across Federal agencies that provide employment, education, and tra [Text truncated at 120,000 characters. The full text is on the page linked above.] --- Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/fr%3A2016-15977. Public record. Not legal advice.