# Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Consumer Products and Certain Commercial and Industrial Equipment; Certification, Compliance, and Enforcement Requirements for Consumer Products and for Certain Commercial and Industrial Equipment; Technical Amendment to Energy Conservation Standards for Certain Consumer Products and Commercial and Industrial Equipment > Briefs, arguments, decisions, and more. URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/fr%3A06-6395 ## Record - **Collection:** Federal Register - **Document type:** Proposed Rule - **Published:** July 25, 2006 - **Citation:** 71 FR 42178 ## Text DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 10 CFR Parts 430 and 431 [Docket No. EE-RM/TP-05-500] RIN 1904-AB53 Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Consumer Products and Certain Commercial and Industrial Equipment; Certification, Compliance, and Enforcement Requirements for Consumer Products and for Certain Commercial and Industrial Equipment; Technical Amendment to Energy Conservation Standards for Certain Consumer Products and Commercial and Industrial Equipment AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy. ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking and public meeting. SUMMARY: The Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005) includes amendments to the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) to provide for new Federal energy efficiency and water conservation test procedures, and related definitions, for certain consumer products and certain commercial and industrial equipment. The amendments direct the Department of Energy (DOE or the Department) to establish new test procedures for many of these products and certain equipment, in most cases based on applicable testing practices generally accepted by industry and other government agencies. Today, DOE proposes test procedures for eleven types of products for which EPACT 2005 identified specific test procedures. In addition, DOE proposes test procedures for three other products for which EPACT 2005 did not specify specific test procedures. Furthermore, the Department is proposing to adopt a new version of the current test procedure for small commercial package air-conditioning and heating equipment, which will not change the existing requirements. The Department is also proposing regulations for sampling during compliance testing, compliance certification, and enforcement to ensure compliance with EPACT's energy conservation standards. Today's proposed rule also includes compliance certification, and enforcement provisions that would also apply to commercial heating, ventilating, and air conditioning products, as well as commercial water heating products. The Department is also announcing a public meeting to discuss all of the above referenced proposals. Furthermore, the Department is announcing proposed technical corrections to the October 18, 2005 Final Rule, 70 FR 60407, which the Department has described in detail in today's proposed rule and will add to the rule language. DATES: The Department will hold a public meeting on Tuesday, September 26, 2006, from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., in Washington, DC. The Department must receive requests to speak at the meeting before 4 p.m., Thursday, September 14, 2006. The Department must receive a signed original and an electronic copy of statements to be given at the public meeting before 4 p.m., Tuesday, September 19, 2006. The Department will accept comments, data, and information regarding the notice of proposed rulemaking (proposed rule) no later than October 10, 2006. See section VII, “Public Participation,” of this proposed rule for details. ADDRESSES: You may submit comments, identified by docket number EE-RM/TP-05-500 and/or Regulatory Information Number (RIN) 1904-AB53, by any of the following methods: • Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov . Follow the instructions for submitting comments. • E-mail: testprocedures_EPACT2005@ee.doe.gov . Include EE-RM/TP-05-500 and/or RIN 1904-AB53 in the subject line of the message. • Postal Mail: Ms. Brenda Edwards-Jones, U.S. Department of Energy, Building Technologies Program, Mailstop EE-2J, Energy Conservation Test Procedures for Consumer Products and Commercial Equipment, EE-RM/TP-05-500 and/or RIN 1904-AB53, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 586-2945. Please submit one signed paper original. • Hand Delivery/Courier: Ms. Brenda Edwards-Jones, U.S. Department of Energy, Building Technologies Program, Room 1J-018, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121. Instructions: All submissions must include the agency name and docket number or RIN for this rulemaking. For detailed instructions on submitting comments and additional information on the rulemaking process, see section VII, “Public Participation,” of this proposed rule for details. Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or comments received, go to the U.S. Department of Energy, Forrestal Building, Room 1J-018 (Resource Room of the Building Technologies Program), 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. Please call Ms. Brenda Edwards-Jones at (202) 586-2945 for additional information regarding visiting the Resource Room. Please note: The Department's Freedom of Information Reading Room (formerly Room 1E-190 at the Forrestal Building) is no longer housing rulemaking materials. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: James Raba, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Program, EE-2J, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121, (202) 586-8654. E-mail: jim.raba@ee.doe.gov . Francine Pinto, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of General Counsel, GC-72, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585, (202) 586-9507. E-mail: Francine.Pinto@hq.doe.gov . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Background II. Summary of Today's Action III. Discussion—Energy Conservation Test Procedures for Consumer Products and Commercial and Industrial Equipment A. Ceiling Fans and Ceiling Fan Light Kits 1. Ceiling Fans 2. Ceiling Fan Light Kits B. Dehumidifiers C. Medium Base Compact Fluorescent Lamps D. Torchieres E. Unit Heaters F. Automatic Commercial Ice Makers G. Commercial Prerinse Spray Valves H. Illuminated Exit Signs I. Traffic Signal Modules and Pedestrian Modules J. Refrigerated Bottled or Canned Beverage Vending Machines K. Commercial Package Air-Conditioning and Heating Equipment L. Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator-Freezers M. Battery Chargers and External Power Supplies 1. Battery Chargers 2. External Power Supplies IV. Discussion—Compliance and Enforcement A. Sampling, Manufacturer Certification, and Enforcement—General B. Sampling Plans for Compliance and Enforcement Testing C. Manufacturer Certification for Distribution Transformers D. General Requirements for Consumer Products and Commercial and Industrial Equipment V. Corrections to the Recent Technical Amendment to DOE's Energy Conservation Standards VI. Procedural Requirements A. Review Under Executive Order 12866, “Regulatory Planning and Review” B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 E. Review Under Executive Order 13132, “Federalism” F. Review Under Executive Order 12988, “Civil Justice Reform” G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act of 1999 I. Review Under Executive Order 12630, “Governmental Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property Rights” J. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act of 2001 K. Review Under Executive Order 13211, “Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use” L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration (FEA) Act of 1974 VII. Public Participation A. Attendance at Public Meeting B. Procedure for Submitting Requests to Speak C. Conduct of Public Meeting D. Submission of Comments E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment VIII. Approval of the Office of the Secretary I. Background The Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005) (Pub. L. 109-58) was enacted on August 8, 2005. Subtitle C of Title I of EPACT 2005 includes provisions that amend Part B of Title III of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) (42 U.S.C. 6291-6309), which provides for an energy conservation program for consumer products other than automobiles, as well as Part C of Title III of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6311-6317), which provides for a program, similar to the energy conservation program for consumer products in Part B, for certain commercial and industrial equipment. EPACT 2005 prescribes new or amended energy conservation standards and/or test procedures and directs DOE to undertake rulemakings to promulgate such requirements. On October 18, 2005, DOE placed into Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) the energy conservation standards and related definitions that EPACT 2005 prescribed (hereafter referred to as the October 2005 final rule). 70 FR 60407. DOE also announced that it was not exercising the discretionary authority provided in EPACT 2005 for the Secretary of Energy (the Secretary) to revise product or equipment definitions and energy conservation standards set forth in the statute, but that it might exercise this authority later. By today's action, DOE is proposing test procedures for measuring energy efficiency and water-use efficiency and related definitions, as well as test sampling, compliance certification, and enforcement requirements, for various consumer products and commercial and industrial equipment covered by EPACT 2005's amendments to EPCA. Table 1 identifies most of the products and equipment these amendments cover, and shows the ones for which DOE is proposing to adopt test procedures, the sections of EPACT 2005 and EPCA that authorize and require these test procedures, and the sections in the CFR where DOE proposes to place them. Table 1.—Test Procedures and General Requirements_Authority and Placement* Product or equipment type EPACT 2005 Section EPCA section U.S.C. section 10 CFR section (proposed) Ceiling fans 135(b)(1) 323(b)(16)(A)(i) 42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(16)(A)(i) 430.23(w) Ceiling fan light kits 135(b)(1) 323(b)(16)(A)(ii) 42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(16)(A)(ii) 430.23(x) Dehumidifiers 135(b)(1) 323(b)(13) 42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(13) 430.23(z) Medium base compact fluorescent lamps 135(b)(1) 323(b)(12) 42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(12) 430.23(y) Battery chargers 135(c)(4) 325(u) 42 U.S.C. 6295(u) 430.23(aa) External power supplies 135(c)(4) 325(u) 42 U.S.C. 6295(u) 430.23(bb) Torchieres* 135(c)(4) 325(x) 42 U.S.C. 6295(x) 430.23(cc) Unit heaters** 135(c)(4) 325(aa) 42 U.S.C 6295(aa) Part 431, Subpart N. Automatic commercial ice makers 136(f)(1) 343(a)(7)(A) 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(7)(A) Part 431, Subpart H. Commercial prerinse spray valves 135(b)(1) 323(b)(14) 42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(14) Part 431, Subpart O. Illuminated exit signs 135(b)(1) 323(b)(9) 42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(9) Part 431, Subpart L. Traffic signal modules and pedestrian modules 135(b)(1) 323(b)(11) 42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(11) Part 431, Subpart M. Refrigerated bottled or canned beverage vending machines 135(b)(1) 323(b)(15) 42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(15) Part 431, Subpart Q. Very large commercial package air conditioning and heating equipment 136(f)(1) 343(a)(4) 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4) Part 431, Subpart F. Commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers 136(f)(1) 343(a)(6) 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(6) Part 431, Subpart C. Ice-cream freezers; commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers with a self-contained condensing unit and without doors; and commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers with a remote condensing unit 136(f)(1)(B) 343(a)(6)(A)(i) 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(6)(A)(i) Part 431, Subpart C. * EPACT 2005 does not expressly authorize DOE to promulgate a test procedure for torchieres. However, the statute does expressly authorize energy conservation standards for torchieres thereby implicitly authorizing to DOE to issue the relevant test procedure. ** The Department is proposing to adopt definitions and other general provisions for unit heaters. II. Summary of Today's Action Today's proposed rule implements the portions of sections 135 and 136 of EPACT 2005 that amend EPCA. These sections direct the Department to establish test procedures based on specifications of the Federal ENERGY STAR program or industry consensus standards that the statute identifies. 1 Each of these ENERGY STAR specifications and industry standards, however, contains not only energy test procedures, but also provisions that are irrelevant in determining the energy use, water use, or efficiency of the products to which they apply. The Department is proposing to adopt only those sections of the ENERGY STAR specifications and industry consensus standards that specify test procedures relevant to the measurement of energy efficiency or water consumption. The Department proposes to incorporate these sections by reference into its rules, in some cases with clarifying changes or additions that do not alter the substance of the test procedure. The Department would place the test procedures and related definitions for consumer products in 10 CFR part 430 (“Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products”), and the test procedures and definitions for commercial and industrial equipment in 10 CFR Part 431 (“Energy Efficiency Program for Certain Commercial and Industrial Equipment”). 1 Section 135(b)(1) of EPACT 2005, for example, directs that the test procedure for refrigerated bottled or canned vending machines “shall be based on American National Standards Institute/American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers Standard 32.1-2004, entitled `Method of Testing for Rating Vending Machines for Bottled, Canned or Other Sealed Beverages'.” (42 USC 6293(b)(15)) The Department is also proposing sampling procedures for compliance testing for each type of consumer product and commercial and industrial equipment covered by today's proposed rule. The proposed rule also includes compliance certification and enforcement provisions that would apply to most commercial and industrial equipment other than electric motors and some of the proposed enforcement provisions would not apply to distribution transformers. 2 With a few exceptions, such as the regimen for enforcement testing, today's proposed requirements follow the same approach as regulations under 10 CFR part 430, although in some cases with revised language to clarify the requirements. 2 Enforcement provisions for distribution transformers are established in the test procedures final rule for distribution transformers published on April 27, 2006. 71 FR 24972. Certification and enforcement for electric motors are in subpart B of 10 CFR part 431. In addition, the Department recently incorporated the energy conservation standards prescribed by EPACT 2005 into 10 CFR parts 430 and 431, 70 FR 60407 (October 18, 2005), and has identified several provisions of these technical amendments that do not accurately reflect the provisions of EPACT 2005. A summary discussion of these corrections and clarifications is found in section V. As these changes will merely serve to incorporate the energy and water use standards set forth in EPACT 2005 into DOE's rules, they are not subject to comment. They will, however, be included in the final rule. III. Discussion—Energy Conservation Test Procedures for Consumer Products and Commercial and Industrial Equipment A. Ceiling Fans and Ceiling Fan Light Kits Section 135(c)(4) of EPACT 2005 includes an amendment to section 325 of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295) to add subsection (v)(1), which requires test procedures and energy conservation standards for ceiling fans and ceiling fan light kits. Sections 135(b)(1) and 135(c)(4) of EPACT 2005 also contain additional provisions as to test procedures and standards, respectively, for ceiling fans and ceiling fan light kits. Today's proposed rule addresses these products separately because the requirements for them differ. 1. Ceiling Fans. Section 325(v)(1) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295(v)(1)) directs the Secretary to prescribe, by rule, test procedures for ceiling fans. Furthermore, section 135(b)(1) of EPACT 2005 amends section 323(b) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)) to add subparagraph (16)(A)(i), which states that test procedures for ceiling fans “shall be based on the “ENERGY STAR Testing Facility Guidance Manual: Building a Testing Facility and Performing the Solid State Test Method for ENERGY STAR Qualified Ceiling Fans, Version 1.1' published by the Environmental Protection Agency” (EPA). The Department's adoption of test procedures under these sections is influenced, to a limited extent, by EPCA's new provisions as to standards for ceiling fans. Section 135(c)(4) of EPACT 2005 amends section 325 of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295) to add subsection (ff)(1)(A), which prescribes design requirements for ceiling fans. The Department incorporated these requirements into 10 CFR part 430 in the October 2005 final rule. 70 FR 60407. Test procedures under EPCA for consumer products, however, must be designed to “measure energy efficiency, energy use, * * * or estimated annual operating cost.” 42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3). Moreover, test procedures are not required for determining compliance with design standards (42 U.S.C. 6295(s)). Generally, they are unnecessary for assessing whether a product complies with an applicable design standard, and DOE believes they are not needed to determine compliance with EPCA's design standards for ceiling fans. Therefore, today's proposed test procedure for this product does not address these design standards. However, section 135(c)(4) of EPACT 2005 also adds subsection 323(ff)(6) to EPCA, which specifically authorizes DOE to prescribe energy efficiency or energy use standards for the electricity that ceiling fans use to circulate air in a room. Today's proposed test procedures provide a method for testing for airflow efficiency and a method for measuring the energy use and energy efficiency as to the electricity consumed by ceiling fans. The ENERGY STAR Guidance Manual, on which DOE must base certain of its test procedures, provides definitions of terms, minimum requirements necessary for building a ceiling fan testing chamber, test equipment tolerances, guidance for equipment setup, requirements for test facility fan calibration to a standard calibration fan, procedures for performing product testing for airflow and airflow efficiency, requirements for documentation and reporting test results, and provisions for challenge testing. However, the Guidance Manual does not specifically describe how to measure the power consumed during the airflow test. This allows manufacturers to use different methods for measuring power consumed, and could mean the test results would not be comparable to one another. It could also result in disputes as to the validity of methods used to measure power consumption and of test results. Consequently, to assure comparable and sound results, the Department proposes to include a method for power measurement as part of the test procedure. In addition, the Department believes that the Guidance Manual is too restrictive in requiring that specific proprietary sensors and sensor software be used for performing airflow measurements. Thus, the Department is proposing to allow test facilities to use sensors and sensor software equivalent to the proprietary sensors and sensor software prescribed in the Guidance Manual, provided that the testing facility verifies the performance of the equipment used. The Department finds that the test methods in the Guidance Manual, with the modifications just described, satisfy the instructions in section 135(b)(1) of EPACT 2005 to test ceiling fans. Therefore, DOE proposes to incorporate the applicable ENERGY STAR test procedure requirements, along with additional requirements on power measurement and the sensors and sensor software used for performing the airflow test, into Appendix U to Subpart B of 10 CFR part 430. This test procedure would also provide a foundation for developing energy conservation standards for airflow efficiency for ceiling fans. 2. Ceiling Fan Light Kits. Section 135(c)(4) of EPACT 2005 amends section 325 of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295) to add subsection (v)(1), which directs the Secretary to prescribe, by rule, test procedures for ceiling fan light kits. Additionally, section 135(b)(1) of EPACT 2005 amends section 323(b) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)) to add subparagraph (16)(A)(ii), which states that test procedures for ceiling fan light kits “shall be based on” the test methods “referenced in the ENERGY STAR specifications for Residential Light Fixtures [RLFs] and Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs [CFLs],” as in effect on August 8, 2005. The relevant ENERGY STAR specifications in effect at that time were version 3.2 for RLFs, which applies to ceiling fan light kits with sockets for pin-based fluorescent lamps, and version 3.0 for CFLs, which applies to ceiling fan light kits with sockets for screw base lamps. Version 3.2 for RLFs originally became effective on September 19, 2003, and version 3.0 for CFLs originally became effective on January 1, 2004. Section 135(c)(4) of EPACT 2005 amends section 325 of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295) to prescribe standards for certain ceiling fan light kits manufactured on or after January 1, 2007. Specifically, new subsection 325(ff)(2) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295(ff)(2)) provides that ceiling fan light kits with medium screw base sockets must be packaged with screw-based lamps to fill all of the sockets, and these lamps must either meet the “ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Compact Fluorescent Lamps, version 3.0,” or use light sources other than CFLs that have at least equivalent efficacy. And new subsection 325(ff)(3) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295(ff)(3)) requires that ceiling fan light kits which have pin-based sockets for fluorescent lamps manufactured on, or after, January 1, 2007, must be packaged with lamps to fill all of the sockets, and that these lamps must meet the “ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Residential Light Fixtures, version 4.0.” For ceiling fan light kits with sockets for screw-base lamps, DOE is proposing to adopt as its test procedure the test methods in version 3.0 of the ENERGY STAR specifications for CFLs. Obviously, this satisfies the requirement that the test procedure be “based on” version 3.0. Also, the Department believes these test methods provide a sound basis for determining the efficacy of CFLs and compliance with the standards, which therefore satisfies the requirements of section 323(b)(3) of EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6393(b)(3)) With regard to ceiling fan light kits with pin-based sockets for fluorescent lamps, EPCA specified that DOE must base its test procedure on version 3.2 of the ENERGY STAR specifications for RLFs, but that these lamps must meet the standards in version 4.0 of these specifications. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(16)(A)(i) and 6295(ff)(3)(A)) Most of the provisions, and the overall approach, are the same in the test methods contained in versions 3.2 and 4.0. Version 4.0, however, adds several provisions that make the test procedure more complete (e.g., a new electronic ballast requirement that reduces the number of permitted pin-based configurations, and improves quality and efficiency). Version 4.0 is based on the test procedure in version 3.2, and DOE believes it provides a sound basis for determining compliance with the standards, which therefore satisfies the requirements of section 323(b)(3) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3). For all of these reasons, the Department proposes to incorporate by reference the test methods in the “ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Residential Light Fixtures,” version 4.0, to measure the efficacy of pin-based fluorescent lamps that are packaged with ceiling fan light kits. The Department notes that, where version 4.0 of the RLF test procedure refers to measurement of efficacy of these lamps, it requires determination of the system efficacy for the lamp/ballast combination in lumens per watt (LPW), as seen in Tables 1 and 2A of the test procedure. Thus, the lamp must be tested when it is plugged into a fixture that contains the appropriate ballast. By contrast, this is not a concern in testing medium screw base CFLs, because the ballast for such lamp is built into the lamp. Finally, section 135(c)(4) of EPACT 2005 amends section 325 of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295) by adding new subsection (ff)(4), which directs DOE to “consider and issue requirements” for any ceiling fan light kits other than those with medium screw base or pin-based sockets, “including candelabra screw base sockets.” The statute has two default requirements: 1) these ceiling fan light kits shall not be capable of operating with lamps that total more than 190 watts; and 2) the ceiling fan light kits must be packaged with lamps whose total wattage does not exceed 190 watts. For the latter packaging requirement, a limit on the total wattage of lamps packaged with a ceiling fan light kit, no test procedure is required. A manufacturer would simply ensure that there be sufficient lamps packaged with the ceiling fan light kit to fill any and all sockets in the fixture and the total wattage of those lamps would not exceed 190 watts. In the former requirement, the statute requires that these kits not be capable of operating with lamps that total more than 190 watts. To satisfy this requirement, the Department considered two approaches. One approach would be for the Department to interpret the statutory requirement of “not be capable of operating with lamps that total more than 190 watts” as a design requirement, similar to features required by EPACT 2005 for ceiling fans (e.g., variable fan speed control and separate controls for fan and lights). Under this approach, there would be no test procedure required by the Department. However, manufacturers of these ceiling fan light kits would be required to incorporate some measure such as a fuse, circuit breaker or current-limiting device to ensure the light kit was not capable of operating with a lamp or lamps totaling more than 190 watts. The alternative approach would be for the Department to adopt a test procedure that would measure the power consumption of the ceiling fan light kit. Such a test procedure would determine if the ceiling fan light kit were capable of operating with a lamp or lamps totaling more than 190 watts. DOE believes there are likely designs where it would not be apparent that the product meets the standards and that it would be necessary to test the light kit. Therefore, DOE is proposing a test procedure that incorporates by reference selected provisions from the “IESNA Approved Method for Electrical and Photometric Measurements of General Service Incandescent Filament Lamps,” LM-45-00, for lamps whose total wattage exceeds 190 watts. The sections of LM-45-00 being proposed for incorporation by reference are section 1.2, “Nomenclature and Definitions,” section 3.0, “Power Source Characteristics” (for AC power only), section 4.0, “Circuits” (for AC power only), and section 7.0, “Electrical Instrumentation.” In the testing configuration setup depicted in figure 1(b) of section 4.0, the Department proposes to replace the lamp (L) by the ceiling fan light kit being tested. In this proposed test method, lamps totaling more than 190 watts are installed into the ceiling fan light kit to determine whether it consumes more than 190 watts as described in Appendix U to Subpart B of 10 CFR Part 430. The Department requests comment on the proposed approach of interpreting the 190-watt requirement as an energy consumption standard, and requiring manufacturers to test their products using the test procedure incorporated by reference in this notice for ceiling fan light kits with sockets for lamps with bases other than medium screw-base sockets and pin-based sockets for lamps packaged with ceiling fan light kits. B. Dehumidifiers Section 135(b)(1) of EPACT 2005 amends section 323(b) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)) to add subsection (b)(13) for dehumidifiers. New subsection 323(b)(13) (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(13)) directs the Secretary to prescribe test procedures for dehumidifiers based on the test criteria in the “ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Dehumidifiers,” as in effect on August 8, 2005. 3 The DOE proposes to incorporate by reference into 10 CFR Part 430 test criteria used under the “ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Dehumidifiers,” as in effect on August 8, 2005, which references the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM) Standard DH-1-2003, “Dehumidifiers,” for energy consumption measurements during capacity-rating tests and the Canadian Standards Association (CAN)/(CSA) Standard C749-1994, “Performance of Dehumidifiers,” for energy factor calculations. In addition, section 135(c)(4) of EPACT 2005 amends section 325 of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295) by adding new subsection (cc) which prescribes energy conservation standards, consisting of minimum energy factors, for dehumidifiers, manufactured on, or after, October 1, 2007. 3 The ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Dehumidifiers went into effect on January 1, 2001. ANSI/AHAM DH-1-2003 provides definitions of terms, measurement tolerances, and testing procedures to measure the ability of a dehumidifier to remove moisture from its surrounding atmosphere in pints of water per day and liters of water consumed per kilowatt hour (L/kWh). This information is needed to determine the Energy Factor of a dehumidifier as calculated in accordance with section 4.2, “Standard Rating of Energy Factor,” of CAN/CSA-C749-1994. Hence, these test procedures provide a sound means for determining compliance with the standards in section 325(cc) of EPCA, as amended (42 U.S.C. 6295(cc)). The Department also concludes that they satisfy the requirements of section 323(b)(3) of EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3)) C. Medium Base Compact Fluorescent Lamps Section 135(b)(1) of EPACT 2005 amends section 323(b) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)) to add subsections (b)(12)(A) through (C), for “medium base” CFLs. (These CFLs are also commonly referred to as “screw base” CFLs.) The new subsection 323(b)(12)(A) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(12)(A)) requires test procedures for medium base CFLs to be based on the August 9, 2001, version of the ENERGY STAR program requirements for CFLs, (the “August 9 version”) which became effective October 1, 2001. Correspondingly, section 135(c)(4) of EPACT 2005 adds new subsection (bb)(1) to section 325 of EPCA to prescribe standards for CFLs, requiring that they meet the requirements in the August 9 version for minimum initial efficiency, lumen maintenance at 1000 hours, lumen maintenance at 40 percent of rated life, rapid cycle stress, and lamp life. (42 U.S.C. 6295(bb)(1)) Furthermore, new subsection 323(b)(12)(B) of EPCA specifically requires that medium base CFLs be tested for all of these parameters. 4 (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(12)(B)) 4 As noted above, Section 135(b)(1) of EPACT 2005 added subsections (b)(12)(A)-(C) for medium base CFL's. Subsection (b)(12)(B) erroneously references section 325(cc) as containing the regulated parameters for these CFL's. Instead, section 325(cc) contains standards for “Dehumidifiers.” Effective January 1, 2004, however, the Department replaced the August 9 version with the “ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for CFLs,” version 3.0. The standards for CFLs remained unchanged, as did the method for testing a unit of a lamp. But version 3.0 increased to ten (from five in the August 9 version) the minimum number of units of each model that had to be tested to determine the efficacy of that model. This change means that the efficacy ratings resulting from testing would be more accurate, although obviously it also increases the test burden on manufacturers. The Department believes that the test methods in both the August 9 version and version 3.0 meet EPCA's criteria for test procedures for CFLs. Obviously DOE adoption of the August 9 version would satisfy the requirement that the test procedures for CFLs “be based on” that version. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(12)(A)) Adoption of version 3.0 would also satisfy that requirement, given its similarity to the August 9 version. In addition, although version 3.0 is both better at measuring efficiency and more burdensome, the Department has examined both versions and believes that both are “reasonably designed to * * * measure energy efficiency * * * and [are] not unduly burdensome to conduct,” as required by 42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3). Because new subsection 323(b)(12)(A) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(12)(A)) specifically identifies the test methods under the August 9 version as the ones which the test procedure for medium base CFLs “shall be based,” the Department is proposing today to incorporate into 10 CFR Part 430 the “ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for CFLs,” August 9, 2001, to measure minimum initial efficacy, lumen maintenance at 1000 hours, and 40 percent of rated life, rapid cycle stress, and lamp life. However, as indicated above, EPCA requires that the test procedure for testing CFLs in ceiling fan light kits with screw based sockets be based on version 3.0 (42 U.S.C. 6293(16)(A)(ii)), and DOE is proposing to adopt version 3.0 as the test procedure for these kits. If DOE were to adopt both this proposal and the proposal to require use of the August 9 version for testing CFLs, its regulations would incorporate two different testing regimens for testing the same product to determine whether it meets a particular efficacy standard. The Department believes that this could cause confusion and be unduly burdensome to manufacturers. In addition, because, as noted above, version 3.0 would produce more accurate results, DOE finds it preferable to the August 9 version. For these reasons, the Department is proposing adoption of provisions from version 3.0 instead of the August 9 version, and requests comments on whether the test procedures for medium base CFLs should consist of the test methods in the “ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for CFLs,” version 3.0. Finally, two of the five performance requirements in EPCA's standards for CFLs concern “lumen maintenance.” (42 U.S.C. 6295(bb)(1)) However, in examining the ENERGY STAR program requirements for CFLs, August 9, 2001, the Department noted an apparent inconsistency in language regarding this term. Specifically, the table in the August 9 version that delineates “Photometric Performance Requirements” includes “lumen maintenance” among the specified properties for CFLs. In contrast, the table in the August 9 version that cites the “Referenced Standards/Procedures,” (i.e., the test procedures, for measuring the specified performance properties of CFLs makes no reference to testing for “lumen maintenance.”) Rather, this table cites procedures for measuring “lumen depreciation.” The Department interprets these tables as using the terms “lumen maintenance” and “lumen depreciation” synonymously. To ensure clarity on this point, today's rule defines “lumen depreciation” as having the same meaning as “lumen maintenance” in the test procedure for CFLs. The Department solicits stakeholder comments about whether “lumen maintenance” and “lumen depreciation” may be taken as synonymous. D. Torchieres EPACT 2005 neither prescribes, nor directs DOE to develop, a test procedure for torchieres. However, section 135(c)(4) of EPACT 2005 amends section 325 of EPCA to add subsection (x) for torchieres, which establishes that torchieres manufactured on or after January 1, 2006, shall “consume not more than 190 watts of power” and shall “not be capable of operating with lamps that total more than 190 watts.” (42 U.S.C. 6295(x)(1) and (x)(2), respectively) In the October 2005 final rule, DOE incorporated these requirements into 10 CFR section 430.32(t) of its rules. 70 FR 60412-13. The language of these two requirements is problematic. Read literally, they appear either to be redundant or not to make sense. The first requirement appears to limit total energy consumption by a torchiere to 190 watts, and the second appears to require that the torchiere not be able to operate with lamps that draw more than 190 watts. On the one hand, such requirements would be redundant because all or virtually all of the electricity a torchiere consumes is used to operate the lamps it contains. On the other hand, assuming for the sake of this discussion that torchieres consume more than the amount of electricity needed to operate the lamps they use—they could not consume less—it would not make sense to limit both the torchiere and the lamps it uses to consumption of the same maximum amount of electricity use (in this case 190 watts). Another possible reading of subsections 325(x)(1) and (x)(2) is that both address electricity consumption by torchieres themselves, and require that torchieres not consume, or be capable of consuming, respectively, more than 190 watts. (42 U.S.C. 6295(x)(1) and (x)(2)) Under this reading, however, the two subsections would clearly be redundant. To produce a torchiere that would not consume 190 watts, a manufacturer would have to make sure that the fixture was not capable of doing so, and, conversely, any equipment constructed to be incapable of operating above 190 watts would not operate above that wattage. The Department also believes that subsection 325(x)(1) can be interpreted as requiring that torchieres be packaged and sold with lamps that do not consume more than 190 watts, with subsection 325(x)(2) being interpreted strictly in accordance with its terms as requiring that torchieres not be able to operate with lamps totaling more than 190 watts. The Department believes this is the soundest interpretation of these provisions. Torchieres are always, or virtually always, sold with lamps enclosed with the product's packaging. In effect, the lamps are part of the product as manufactured and sold. Furthermore, as pointed out above, a torchiere will consume the amount of electricity drawn by the lamps it uses. Thus, the requirement that a torchiere “consume not more than 190 watts,” (42 U.S.C. 6295(x)(1)) which applies to the product as manufactured and then distributed in commerce by the manufacturer, can reasonably be interpreted as requiring that the torchiere be packaged with lamps totaling 190 watts or less. Such a requirement complements the provision that torchieres “not be capable of operating with lamps” totaling that same wattage. (42 U.S.C. 6295(x)(2)) The norm for torchieres, as with other lighting fixtures, is that users will replace the product's lamps, often numerous times during its life. In conjunction with a requirement that torchieres be distributed with lamps that consume no more than 190 watts, it makes sense to require that torchieres be unable to operate with lamps totaling more than that wattage, so as to assure that consumers will not use the product at energy levels above the level contemplated in the Act. Not only does this approach make sense given the nature of the product here, but it also gives meaning to both subsections (x)(1) and (2). Furthermore, it reflects the approach the Congress took in the only other provision of section 135(c)(4) of EPACT 2005 that contains a similar two-pronged energy conservation standard for a lighting fixture. For ceiling fan light kits that have neither medium screw base sockets nor bin-based sockets, the default standard EPACT 2005 provides that a ceiling fan light kit (1) must include lamps that total 190 watts or less and (2) shall not be capable of operating with lamps totaling more than 190 watts. (42 U.S.C. 6295(ff)(4)(c)) For these reasons, DOE intends to interpret 42 U.S.C. 6295(x) as requiring that torchieres be packaged and sold with lamps that do not consume more than 190 watts, and not be able to operate with lamps totaling more than 190 watts. Section 430.32(t)(2) of DOE's regulations already reflects the second prong of this interpretation, and in the final rule in this proceeding, the Department plans to modify section 430.32(t)(1) to reflect the first prong. As to the second prong, the Department construes it to mean that a torchiere must be designed and manufactured in such a way that either the fixture would not function, or the component lamps when operating would not consume more than 190 watts, when lamps exceeding that wattage are installed in the fixture. To satisfy this requirement, the Department is contemplating two approaches. One approach would be for the Department to interpret the statutory requirement of “not be capable of operating with lamps that total more than 190 watts” as a design requirement, similar to features required by section 135(c)(4) of EPACT 2005 for ceiling fans (e.g., variable fan speed control). Under this approach, the Department would not require a test procedure, and the Department's regulations would specify one or more features that torchieres would be required to incorporate, such as a fuse, circuit breaker or other current limiting device, so that they would either cease to operate, or would draw less than 190 watts, when the user installed a lamp or lamps totaling more than 190 watts in the unit. This approach would be consistent with EPCA's failure to mention test procedures for torchieres. The alternative approach would be for the Department to adopt a test procedure that would measure the power consumption of a torchiere. Such a test procedure would determine if the torchiere was capable of operating with a lamp or lamps totaling more than 190 watts. A test method to this effect is proposed in Appendix AA to Subpart B of Part 430, Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Torchieres. This proposed test method adapts and incorporates by reference selected provisions from the “IESNA Approved Method for Electrical and Photometric Measurements of General Service Incandescent Filament Lamps,” LM-45-00, along with lamps whose total wattage exceed 190 watts. The sections of LM-45-00 being proposed for incorporation by reference are section 1.2, “Nomenclature and Definitions,” section 3.0, “Power Source Characteristics” (for AC power only), section 4.0, “Circuits” (for AC power only), and section 7.0, “Electrical Instrumentation.” In the testing configuration setup depicted in figure 1(b) of section 4.0, the Department proposes to replace the lamp (L) by the torchiere being tested. In this proposed test method, a lamp or lamps totaling more than 190 watts are installed into the torchiere to determine whether it consumes more than 190 watts. The Department requests comment on the proposed approach of interpreting the 190 watt requirement as an energy consumption standard and requiring manufacturers to test their products using the test procedure incorporated by reference in this notice for torchieres. E. Unit Heaters Section 135(c)(4) of EPACT 2005 amends section 325 of EPCA to add subsection (aa) (42 U.S.C. 6295(aa)), which requires that unit heaters manufactured on or after August 8, 2008, be equipped with an intermittent ignition device, and have power venting or an automatic flue damper. The Department incorporated these design standards into 10 CFR 430 in the October 2005 final rule. 70 FR 60407. Test procedures under EPCA must be designed to measure “energy efficiency, energy use, * * * or estimated annual operating cost.” (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)) Test procedures are not required for determining compliance with design standards (42 U.S.C. 6295(s)). Since EPACT 2005 promulgated design standard for unit heaters, the Department is not proposing test procedures for this equipment. However, the Department is proposing definitions for the terms “intermittent ignition device,” “power venting,” “automatic flue damper,” and “fan-type heater” as they relate to unit heaters. The last of these terms appears in the definition of “unit heater” that appears in EPCA (EPACT 2005, section 135(a)(3), and 42 U.S.C. 6291(45)) and the October 2005 final rule, 70 FR 60407 and 10 CFR 431.242. The other terms appear in the unit heater standards adopted in EPCA (EPACT 2005, section 135(c)(4) and 42 U.S.C. 6295(aa)) and the October 2005 final rule, 70 FR 60407 and 10 CFR 431.246. The Department's adoption of these definitions would clarify coverage and content of the standards for unit heaters. The proposed definitions incorporate the content of definitions from industry consensus standards, with slight modifications that reflect their application to unit heaters. For example, the proposed definition of “fan-type heater” is derived from the definitions of that term in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, and the proposed definition of “intermittent ignition device” is derived from the definition of the term in ANSI Standard Z21.47-2001. 5 5 The definition of fan-type heater is the definition in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 without modification. The definition of intermittent ignition device is derived from the definition in ANSI.Z21.47-2001. The last sentence of the definition as it reads in ANSI.Z21.47-2001 is not incorporated by reference because it details characteristics of the ignition source and is not needed for clarifying the test procedure. The definition of power venting was derived from DOE's Priority Setting for the 2003 fiscal year. The definition does not include the characteristics and advantages of using of the fan for venting purposes. F. Automatic Commercial Ice Makers Section 136(f)(1)(B) of EPACT 2005 amends section 343 of EPCA to add subsection (a)(7)(A) (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(7)(A)), which directs that the test procedures for automatic commercial ice makers “shall be the test procedures specified in the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute [ARI] Standard 810-2003, as in effect on January 1, 2005.” The title of this Standard is “Performance Rating of Automatic Commercial Ice Makers.” ARI Standard 810-2003 provides definitions of terms, test requirements, and rating requirements. In particular, section 4, “Test Requirements,” of ARI Standard 810-2003 references the performance tests in the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 29, “Methods of Testing Automatic Ice Makers,” without indicating which version of ASHRAE Standard 29. The Department construes ARI Standard 810-2003 as providing for use of the most current version of ASHRAE Standard 29, which at present is the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/ASHRAE Standard 29-1988 (Reaffirmed 2005). Also, section 4.1 of ARI Standard 810-2003 provides an exception to the test set-up requirements of ASHRAE Standard 29. It states that the test unit must be set up according to the manufacturer's instructions to the user for setting up the unit for normal operation, and without any adjustments that might affect ice capacity, energy usage, or water usage. The Department believes this provision provides some assurance that all the testing and rating parameters are measured and reported in complete conformity with how the unit is intended to operate, that the unit's efficiency rating will accurately reflect the efficiency the user would experience, and that compliance with applicable standards will be determined under normal operating conditions. ARI Standard 810-2003 cites ASHRAE Standard 29 as the source of procedures for measuring energy consumption rate and condenser water use rate. The Department has examined these procedures as set forth in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 29-1988(RA2005) and believes they are not unduly burdensome to conduct, and would produce results that accurately reflect the efficiency of ice makers, except that the test procedure for calculating energy consumption rate in section 8.3 of this Standard is problematic. Specifically, the calculation for energy consumption rate directs that the energy consumed while cycling an ice maker through a minimum of three cycles be divided by the mass (weight) of ice measured in determining ice density (normalized to 100 pounds of ice). However, these specifications can result in an error because the ANSI/ASHRAE procedure for measuring the ice density does not clearly state if the total mass of all the ice produced during the three cycles must be used. That is, the test procedure may permit testing personnel, in performing the density determination, to discard some of the ice produced during the three or more cycles. If some of the ice is discarded, the measured energy consumption would be for a larger amount of ice than that included in the determination of the energy consumption rate, thus overstating the rate. To correct this defect in the procedure for calculating the energy consumption rate, DOE proposes to require explicitly that the rate be determined using the total amount of ice produced during the cycles in which energy consumption is measured. Specifically, this proposed test procedure provides in 10 CFR 431.134 that the energy consumption rate normalized to 100 pounds (100 lbs) of ice be determined as follows: EP25JY06.000 The Department believes that this approach either eliminates an unintended ambiguity in ARI Standard 810-2003, or represents, at most, a relatively minor modification of the methodology in that Standard. Under either view, without the modification, the test procedure would not “be reasonably designed to produce test results which reflect [the] energy efficiency” of this equipment, as required by section 343(a)(2) of EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)) Therefore, the Department believes, given this latter statutory requirement, that it is authorized to make this modification, even if the modification is viewed as an alteration of ARI Standard 810-2003. This approach gives meaning to both the statutory provisions in EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6341(a)(7)(A), 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)) It is not barred by the EPCA provision which states that the test procedures for automatic commercial ice makers “shall be” those specified in the ARI Standard. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(7)(A), 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)) The Department requests comments about whether this proposed requirement for collecting and measuring the mass of ice produced during the energy consumption test corrects the problem found in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 29-1988 (RA 2005). The Department concludes that ARI Standard 810-2003, together with the provisions it incorporates from ASHRAE Standard 29-1988 (RA 2005), and with the above correction, provide a method for measuring the energy use and water use at the harvest rate levels specified in section 342(d) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6313(d)), and for determining compliance with the standard levels in that section. Furthermore, DOE adoption of these provisions would satisfy both the requirement that the test procedures for automatic commercial ice makers “shall be” the test procedures in ARI Standard 810-2003 (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(7)(A)) and the general requirements for test procedures in 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2). Finally, section 136(h)(3) of EPACT 2005 amends section 345 of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6316) to add subsection (f)(4) directing the Secretary to “monitor whether manufacturers are reducing harvest rates below tested values for the purpose of bringing non-complying equipment into compliance,” and authorizing the Secretary to take steps to minimize manipulation if the Secretary determines “that there has been a substantial amount of manipulation with respect to harvest rates'' of commercial ice makers. The Department will monitor commercial ice maker harvest rates to determine if such manipulation is occurring. G. Commercial Prerinse Spray Valves Section 135(b)(1) of EPACT 2005 amends section 323(b) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)) to add subsection (14), which states that test procedures for measuring the flow rate for commercial prerinse spray valves “shall be based on [the] American Society for Testing and Materials [ASTM] Standard F2324, entitled ‘Standard Test Method for Pre-Rinse Spray Valves.’ ” Section 135(c)(4) amends EPCA to require that commercial prerinse spray valves manufactured on or after January 1, 2006, have a flow rate of 1.6 gallons per minute or less. (42 U.S.C. 6295(dd)) The reference to ASTM Standard F2324 raises two threshold matters. First, DOE presumes that Congress intended in the EPACT provision directing DOE to base its test procedure on this Standard, to require DOE to use the most recent version, ASTM Standard F2324-03. Second, ASTM Standard F2324-03 covers water consumption flow rate and cleanability of prerinse spray valves. However, new section 323(b)(14) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(14) contemplates only a test procedure that measures flow rate for this product, and the new standard at 42 U.S.C. 6296 (dd) concerns only flow rate. Therefore, the Department has not considered adoption of the cleanability provisions of ASTM Standard F2324-03. Furthermore, the Department has examined ASTM Standard F2324-03 and believes it provides a sound basis for determining the flow rate and compliance with the standards for prerinse spray valves, which therefore satisfies the requirements of section 323(b)(3) of EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3)) For all of these reasons, DOE proposes to incorporate by reference under Subpart O of 10 CFR Part 431, Commercial Prerinse Spray Valves, the procedures in ASTM Standard F2324-03 that are pertinent to measuring the water consumption flow rate of prerinse spray valves. H. Illuminated Exit Signs Section 135(b)(1) of EPACT 2005 amends section 323(b) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)) to add subsection (9), which provides that test procedures for illuminated exit signs “shall be based on the test method” contained in version 2.0 of the EPA's ENERGY STAR program requirements for illuminated exit signs. Furthermore, section 135(c)(4) of EPACT 2005 added a new subsection (w) to 325 of EPCA, which requires illuminated exit signs manufactured on, or after January 1, 2006, meet version 2.0's performance requirements; under version 2.0 such signs must have an input power demand of five watts or less per face. See 70 FR 60417; 10 CFR 431.206. EPA updated the “ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Exit Signs” and published version 3.0, effective August 1, 2004. The procedure for measuring input power is essentially the same in both versions, 2.0 and 3.0. In examining the test procedures in the two versions, the Department found that in both, the provisions for measuring input power are not explicit about the length of time for performing the measurement. The Department believes that if manufacturers perform the measurement using different durations from different models, the resulting measurements for these different models would likely lack comparability. Thus, to reduce the possibility of such an outcome and to clarify the test procedure, DOE proposes to include a requirement in the test procedure that the time duration of the test shall be sufficient to measure power consumption with a tolerance of ±1 percent. (10 CFR 431.204) The Department requests comments about whether its test procedure for illuminated exit signs should incorporate this time duration requirement. Based on its examination of both versions 2.0 and 3.0, DOE believes that each, with this proposed modification, meets EPCA's criteria for test procedures for illuminated exit signs. Obviously, DOE adoption of version 2.0 would satisfy the requirement that the test procedures for such signs “be based on” that version. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(9)) Adoption of version 3.0 would also satisfy that requirement, given its similarity to version 2.0. In addition, DOE believes that both versions, with the addition of a time duration requirement, would be “reasonably designed to * * * [measure] * * * energy use * * * and [are] not unduly burdensome to conduct,” as required by 42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3). See also, 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2). Although new subsection 323(b)(9) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(9)), specifically identifies the test method in version 2.0 as the version on which the test procedure for illuminated exits signs “shall be based,” the Department proposes to incorporate by reference into 10 CFR Part 431, the “ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Exit Signs,” version 3.0, effective August 1, 2004 because the test methods in versions 2.0 and 3.0 are essentially the same and version 3.0 is the most recent iteration of that test procedure. I. Traffic Signal Modules and Pedestrian Modules Section 135(b)(1) of EPACT 2005 amends section 323(b) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)) to add subsection (11), which states that test procedures for traffic signal modules and pedestrian modules shall be based on the test method used under the “ENERGY STAR program” for traffic signal modules, as in effect on August 8, 2005. Section 4 of the ENERGY STAR specification in effect at that time, the “ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Traffic Signals,” version 1.1, prescribes use of the test methods from the Institute for Transportation Engineers (ITE), “Vehicle Traffic Control Signal Heads (VTCSH),” Part 2, 1985, section 6.4.2, “Maintained Minimum Luminous Intensity.” In addition, pursuant to Section 135(c)(4) of EPACT 2005, new subsection 325(z) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295(z)) now requires that traffic signal modules and pedestrian modules manufactured on or after January 1, 2006, meet the performance requirements specified in the ENERGY STAR program requirements for traffic signals, version 1.1, which preclude the maximum wattage and nominal wattage of these modules from exceeding certain specified levels. See 70 FR 60417; 10 CFR section 431.226(a). However, neither EPCA nor ENERGY STAR nor section 6.4.2 of VTCSH Part 2 referenced in the ENERGY STAR test procedure, provides a definition of the energy consumption of traffic signal modules or pedestrian modules (i.e., nominal or maximum wattage). The Department proposes to clarify both the standards and test conditions for these products by adopting the following definitions of nominal wattage and maximum wattage into § 431.222: • Nominal wattage means the power consumed by the module when it is operated within a chamber at a temperature of 25 °C after the signal has been operated for 60 minutes. • Maximum wattage means the power consumed by the module after being operated for 60 minutes while mounted in a temperature testing chamber so that the lensed portion of the module is outside the chamber, all portions of the module behind the lens are within the chamber at a temperature of 74 °C, and the air temperature in front of the lens is maintained at a minimum of 49 °C. The Department developed these definitions by drawing on language in the VTCSH test procedure and from consultations with ITE. The Department believes the definitions are consistent with the test procedure, and with the standards EPCA now prescribes for traffic signal and pedestrian modules, which were developed based on application of the test procedure. Thus, DOE believes the proposed definitions reflect the intent of ITE and the ENERGY STAR program in developing the test procedures and standards. The Department invites comment on these definitions. Sections 6.4.2.1 and 6.4.2.2 of VTCSH Part 2 may be viewed as leaving gaps in the method for measuring nominal and maximum wattages. Specifically, they direct the user to measure the nominal and maximum wattage without addressing the accuracy of the wattage sensor nor the time duration for measuring power consumption during conduct of the test. The Department believes ITE may not have specified the details of how to measure these values since they generally accepted procedures which a test laboratory would be familiar with and would affect the results. However, the Department invites comment on this view and whether DOE should specify detailed test methods for these points. If DOE finds it necessary, the Department will develop, and incorporate into the test procedure, requirements on these two points is a separate proceeding from this rulemaking. As noted above, EPCA provides that the test procedures for both traffic signal and pedestrian modules must be based on the ENERGY STAR specification for traffic signal modules, (i.e., 6.4.2 of VTCSH Part 2). VTCSH Part 2 does not mention or, by its terms, apply to pedestrian modules. However, upon careful consideration and review of VTCSH Part 2, the Department believes the test procedures in VTCSH Part 2 for determining maximum and nominal wattages of traffic signal modules are equally applicable to testing pedestrian modules. Thus, the Department proposes to apply the VTCSH Part 2 test procedures for determining maximum and nominal wattage of traffic signal modules to pedestrian modules, without modification except for the type of module being tested. The Department requests comments about the technical feasibility of this proposal. DOE is proposing to incorporate by reference the test methods for measuring the maximum and nominal wattages as contained in the test specifications in section 4 of the “ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Traffic Signals,” version 1.1, and section 6.4.2 of VTCSH Part 2 (1985). DOE is aware that ITE recently updated the VTCSH to the June 27, 2005, version, referred to as VTCSH (2005). DOE is not proposing to adopt VTSCH Part 2 (2005) because it extended coverage to products not covered by EPACT 2005, uses a format that is not conducive to incorporation in the DOE test procedure, and added a number of testing requirements DOE does not find necessary to meet the requirements of EPACT 2005. In the 2005 update, for example, ITE re-organized the document, splitting apart and moving some of the provisions from previous section 6.4.2, “Maintained Minimum Luminous Intensity” of VTCSH Part 2 (1985) into section 6.4.2, “Conditioning of Modules” and section 6.4.4, “Photometric and Colorimetric Tests.” The Department found the specific testing requirements for measuring the nominal wattage and the maximum wattage of the module to be in sections 6.4.4.1, 6.4.4.4, and 6.4.4.5 of VTCSH (2005). Specifically, the Department is only interested in the testing requirements in sections 6.4.4.1, 6.4.4.4, and 6.4.4.5 for red and green signal modules. In addition, VTCSH (2005) specified that the test should be performed with modules energized at nominal operating voltage unless the test requirements explicitly state otherwise. Since the requirements for nominal and maximum wattage measurements found in section 6.4.4 of VTCSH (2005) are more detailed and increase testing burden, the Department is not adopting the more stringent requirements in VTCSH (2005). The Department also found that the number of modules tested for the photometric and colorimetric tests in VTCSH (2005) was three, instead of the six required by VTCSH (1985), and that the three units be subjected to environmental tests. However, the Department is only concerned with testing for nominal wattage and maximum wattage and is not requiring manufacturers to conduct the environmental tests on their modules. Consequently, the Department is proposing to adopt the VTCSH (1985) as specified by ENERGY STAR. In sum, the Department has examined the ENERGY STAR specifications for traffic signals in effect on August 8, 2005, and the VTCSH (1985) testing procedures it references and believes, with the addition of definitions of maximum wattage and nominal wattage and of provisions addressing the accuracy of the wattage sensor and the duration of the test, the test methods in these documents provide a sound basis for measuring the maximum and nominal wattages, and determining compliance with the applicable standards, for traffic signal and pedestrian modules. Therefore, DOE adoption of these test methods would satisfy the requirements of section 323(b)(3) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3). Adoption of these test methods would also satisfy EPCA's requirement that the test procedures for traffic signal modules and pedestrian modules be based on the ENERGY STAR specification in effect on August 8, 2005. For these reasons, DOE is proposing to incorporate by reference the test methods for measuring the maximum and nominal wattages as contained in the test specifications in section 4 of the “ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Traffic Signals,” version 1.1, and section 6.4.2 of VTCSH Part 2 (1985). J. Refrigerated Bottled or Canned Beverage Vending Machines Section 135(a)(3) of EPACT 2005 amends section 321 of EPCA to add subsection 321(40) (42 U.S.C. 6291(40)), which defines the term “refrigerated bottled or canned beverage vending machine” as a “commercial refrigerator that cools bottled or canned beverages and dispenses the bottled or canned beverages on payment.” Section 135(c)(4) of EPACT 2005 amends section 325 of EPCA to add subsection 325(v)(2) (42 U.S.C. 6295(v)(2)), which directs the Secretary to prescribe, by rule, energy conservation standards for this equipment. Further, section 135(b)(1) of EPACT 2005 amends section 323(b) of EPCA by adding subsection 323(b)(15) (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(15)), which states that test procedures for refrigerated bottled or canned beverage vending machines “shall be based on [ANSI/ASHRAE] Standard 32.1-2004, entitled ‘Methods of Testing for Rating Vending Machines for Bottled, Canned or Other Sealed Beverages.’ ” Also pursuant to section 135(b)(2) of EPACT 2005, new subsection 323(f) of EPCA , 42 U.S.C. 6293 (f)(1), directs the Secretary to prescribe testing requirements for refrigerated bottled or canned beverage vending machines no later than two years after the enactment of EPACT 2005, that is August 8 , 2007. (42 U.S.C. 6293(f)(1)) This section also directs DOE to base such testing requirements on existing industry test procedures, to the maximum extent practicable. (42 U.S.C. 6292(f)(2)) Section 6.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 32.1-2004, “Methods of Testing for Rating Vending Machines for Bottled, Canned or Other Sealed Beverages,” on “Voltage and Frequency,” allows for testing “vending machines with dual nameplate voltages at both voltages or at the lower of the two voltages.” The Department's understanding is that test results for a given piece of dual-voltage equipment would not be affected by the voltage during testing Consequently, the Department proposes to test beverage vending machines at the lower voltage, as allowed by the standard, to characterize the energy consumption, as EPACT 2005 intended. The Department requests comments on this proposal. The Department has examined ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 32.1-2004 and believes it provides sound methods for testing the energy efficiency of a refrigerated bottled or canned beverage vending machine, and that it satisfies the requirements of section 323(b)(13) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3)). Therefore, the Department proposes to incorporate this test procedure by reference into 10 CFR Part 431. After it adopts a test procedure for refrigerated bottled or canned beverage vending machines, the Department intends to establish by rule energy conservation standards for such equipment, as directed by section 325(v) of EPCA. K. Commercial Package Air-Conditioning and Heating Equipment Section 136(f)(1)(A) of EPACT 2005 amends section 343(a)(4)(A) and (B) (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(A) and (B)) to require test procedures for air-cooled package air conditioning and heating equipment rated at or above 240,000 and below 760,000 British thermal units per hour (Btu/h) cooling capacity (defined as “very large” equipment under section 136(a)(3) of EPACT 2005, 42 U.S.C. 6311(8)(D)). The amendment provides that the test procedure for such equipment shall be the “generally accepted industry testing procedures or rating procedures developed or recognized by the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute or by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, as referenced in ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 and in effect on June 30, 1992.” (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(A)) It also provides in essence that, DOE must adopt any amendment to such test procedure unless it determines that the amended test procedure would fail to meet EPCA's general requirements for test procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(B)) The test procedures in effect on June 30, 1992, for very large commercial package air conditioning and heating equipment were the ARI Standard 340-1986, “Commercial and Industrial Unitary Heat Pump Equipment,” and ARI Standard 360-1986, “Commercial and Industrial Unitary Air-Conditioning Equipment.” ARI subsequently replaced these test standards with ARI Standard 340/360-93, “Commercial and Industrial Unitary Air-Conditioning and Heat Pump Equipment,” and then ARI Standard 340/360-2000, “Commercial and Industrial Unitary Air-Conditioning and Heat Pump Equipment.” The Department understands that neither of these new versions of ARI Standard 340/360 altered the efficiency test methods or calculation procedures that were in ARI Standards 340 and 360 as in effect on June 30, 1992. Nor did the new versions alter the measured efficiencies for the equipment being tested. In an October 21, 2004, direct final rule, “Test Procedures and Efficiency Standards for Commercial Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps,” the Department adopted test procedures for small commercial package air-conditioning and heating equipment (cooling capacities less than 135,000 Btu/h), and for large commercial package air conditioning and heating equipment (cooling capacities at or above 135,000 Btu/h and less than 240,000 Btu/h) into section 431.96. 69 FR 61962. Under that rule, the Department adopted ARI Standard 340/360-2000, the most recent ARI test procedure at the time, for commercial package air-conditioning and heating equipment with cooling capacities at or above 135,000 Btu/h and less than 240,000 Btu/h. 69 FR 61971; 10 CFR 431.96. For equipment with cooling capacities at or above 65,000 Btu/h and less than 135,000 Btu/h, other than water source equipment, the Department adopted ARI Standard 340/360-2000 with four modifications (taken from ARI Standard 210/240-2003) as the applicable test procedure. 69 FR 61971-72; 10 CFR 431.96. These modifications were necessary to ensure the proper testing of certain types, or configurations, of equipment. 69 FR 61965-66. Subsequently, ARI published ARI Standard 340/360-2004, which revised ARI Standard 340/360-200 by adding the four modifications DOE had adopted, in the October 2004 direct final rule, for equipment with cooling capacities at or above 65,000 Btu/h and less than 135,000 Btu/h. ARI made no other changes. ARI Standard 340/360- 2004, “Performance Rating of Commercial and Industrial Unitary Air-Conditioning and Heat Pump Equipment,” is now the most current industry test procedure for all of this equipment, including very large commercial package air conditioning and heating equipment. In accordance with 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(B), the Department proposes to incorporate ARI Standard 340/360-2004 by reference into 10 CFR Part 431 as the test procedure for very large air-cooled commercial package air conditioning and heating equipment. This would make the DOE test procedure consistent with the amended industry test procedure. Also, the new version of ARI Standard 340/360 would be more readily available to users than the prior version. And finally, DOE is aware of no basis for concluding that the new version fails to meet the general requirements for test procedures in 42 U.S.C. 6313(a)(2) and (3). The Department also proposes to replace the references to ARI Standard 340/360-2000, as well as the modifications to the standard, with references to ARI Standard 340/360-2004 in the test procedures in 10 CFR Part 431 for all small and large commercial package air conditioning and heating equipment (cooling capacities equal to, and greater than, 65,000 Btu/h, but less than 240,000 Btu/h), except for water-source heat pumps with cooling capacities of less than 135,000 Btu/h. For the latter, the applicable test procedure is ISO Standard 13256-1 1998. As indicated above, ARI Standard 340/360-2004 changes the previous version of ARI Standard 340/360 only by incorporating provisions in DOE's test procedures. Thus, incorporation of ARI Standard 340/360-2004 will not alter DOE's test procedure. L. Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator-Freezers Section 136(f)(1)(B) of EPACT 2005 amends section 343 of EPCA by adding subsection (a)(6)(A)(i) (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(6)(A)(i)), which prescribes test procedures for commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers. New subsection 343(a)(6)(A)(ii) requires that ASHRAE Standard 117, as in effect on January 1, 2005, shall be the initial test procedure for equipment to which standards are applicable under section 342(c)(2)-(3) of EPCA (Section 136(c) of EPACT 2005, 42 U.S.C. 6313(c)(2)-(3)), (i.e., (1) commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers with a self-contained condensing unit and designed for holding temperature applications, and (2) commercial refrigerators with a self-contained condensing unit, designed for pull-down temperature applications, and with transparent doors). (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(6)(A)(ii)) ASHRAE Standard 117-2002, “Method of Testing Closed Refrigerators,” was in effect on January 1, 2005. Also new subsection 343(a)(6)(E) provides that, if ASHRAE Standard 117 is amended, the Secretary must address whether to amend the test procedures for this equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(6)(E) ASHRAE Standard 117-2002 was recently revised and combined with ASHRAE Standard 72-1998, “Methods of Testing Open Refrigerators,” into ASHRAE Standard 72-2005, “Method of Testing Commercial Refrigerators and Freezers,” as part of the ASHRAE revision process. ASHRAE Standard 72-2005 clarifies or modifies certain door opening requirements, shelf loading requirements, definitions, and the reporting of results. Also, it improves upon the precision of its predecessor test procedures by providing exact specifications for testing conditions, testing instruments, pressure and temperature testing locations, and the timing of each measurement within the refrigeration cycle. In addition, ASHRAE Standard 72-2005 contains new requirements that improve the consistency of ambient temperature measurements. Since ASHRAE Standard 117-2002 is the initial test procedure mandated by subsection 343(a)(6)(A)(ii) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(6)(A)(ii)), and ASHRAE amended this test procedure in ASHRAE Standard 72-2005, DOE reviewed Standard 72-2005 pursuant to subsection 343(a)(6)(E)(i) (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(6)(E)(i)). Based on the review, the Department believes no basis exists for concluding that the new standard fails to meet the general requirements for test procedures in 42 U.S.C. 6313(a)(2) and (3), and is proposing to incorporate it by reference into 10 CFR Part 431. Also, because EPCA defines refrigeration equipment compartment volumes, for purposes of standards for this equipment, in terms of ANSI/AHAM Standard HRF-1-1979, “Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers Standard for Household Refrigerators, Combination Refrigerator-Freezers, and Household Freezers' (Section 136(c) of EPACT 2005; 42 U.S.C. 6313(c)(1)((A) and (B)), DOE is proposing to incorporate by reference into 10 CFR Part 431 this standard. Finally, the Department has included in proposed section 431.64(b)(3) of today's rule the applicable rating temperatures for this equipment prescribed under subsection 343(a)(6)(B) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(6)(B)). In addition, section 136(h)(3) of EPACT 2005 amends section 345 of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6316) to add subsection (e)(5)(A), which requires manufacturers of the equipment covered by the standards in section 342(c)(2)-(3) of EPCA (Section 136(c) of EPACT 2005, 42 U.S.C. 6313(c)(2)-(3)) “to certify, through an independent, nationally recognized testing or certification program, that the commercial refrigerator, freezer, or refrigerator-freezer meets the applicable standard.” 6 Also, the Secretary is required to encourage the establishment of at least two independent testing and certification programs. (42 U.S.C. 6316 (e)(5)(B)) The Department is not proposing separate manufacturer certification reporting procedures for these commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers, although the proposed rules would allow manufacturers to have third parties, such as certification organizations, submit such reports on their behalf. But to meet the statutory requirement of certifying through an independent testing or certification program, manufacturers of this equipment would have to use such programs to develop the efficiency ratings on which they base their certification reports. 6 The standards applicable to this equipment were codified into section 431.66 of 10 CFR part 431 in the October 2005 final rule. 70 FR 60414. Section 136(c) of EPACT 2005 amends section 342 of EPCA by adding subsection 342(c)(4) (42 U.S.C. 6313(c)(4)), which directs the Secretary to develop standards for ice-cream freezers; commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers with a self-contained condensing unit and without doors; and commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers with a remote condensing unit. Furthermore, new section 343(a)(6) of EPCA (Section 136(f)(1)(B) of EPACT 2005, 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(6)), directs DOE to develop test procedures for some of this equipment. It states, first, that such test procedures must either be “generally accepted industry test procedures” or “developed or recognized” by ASHRAE or ANSI (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(6)(A)(i)), second, what the rating temperature must be for some of the equipment, (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(6)(B)) and, third, that DOE must issue a rule, in accordance with EPCA's general test procedure requirements for commercial equipment (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2) and (3)), to establish the appropriate rating temperatures for the remainder of these products. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(6)(C)) ARI recently developed methods for testing such commercial refrigeration equipment in ARI Standard 1200-2006, “Performance Rating of Commercial Refrigerated Display Merchandisers and Storage Cabinets.” In general, ARI Standard 1200-2006 provides testing and rating requirements for commercial refrigerated display merchandisers and storage cabinets, both those with self-contained condensing units and those with remote condensing units. It covers commercial refrigerated display merchandisers regardless of whether they are open or closed, or for service or self-service. The ARI Standard was developed to provide guidance to the commercial refrigeration industry and allows comparison of energy consumption among remote commercial refrigerated display cases, and among self-contained commercial refrigerated display cases. The Standard provides rating conditions and testing requirements, and specifies equations for the calculation of energy consumption, volume, and total display area. The testing requirements are based on testing provisions in ASHRAE Standard 72-2005. ARI Standard 1200-2006 also includes product-temperature rating specifications that require maintaining test-package temperatures during the tests. This is important for a valid comparative evaluation of energy consumption among products. For commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers with a self-contained condensing unit and without doors, and commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers with a remote condensing unit, the rating temperatures are based on the application in which the product is used. For low-temperature applications, the rating-temperature specification is an integrated average temperature of all test-package averages of 0 °F (±2 °F). For medium-temperature applications, the rating-temperature specification is an integrated average temperature of all test-package averages of 38.0 °F (±2 °F). The rating temperature that ARI Standard 1200-2006 specifies for ice-cream freezers is an integrated average temperature of all test package averages of -5.0 °F (±2 °F). However, ice-cream freezers with doors, which DOE understands to constitute all or the vast majority of ice-cream freezers, were covered by standards adopted in 2002 by the California Energy Commission (CEC). Therefore, this equipment appears to be subject to the requirement that its rating temperature be the integrated average temperature of “0 degrees F (± 2 degrees F).” (Section 136(f)(B) of EPACT 2005, 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(6)(B)(i)) But because ice-cream freezers typically operate at -5 F, a test procedure that uses an integrated average temperature of 0°F (±2 °F) as the rating temperature for this equipment “would produce test results” that fail to “reflect [its] energy efficiency,” and DOE adoption of such a test procedure would violate section 343(a)(2) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)). The Department notes that the 2002 CEC standards use the integrated average temperature of 0 F (±2°F) as the rating temperature for all commercial freezers with doors covered by the standards, except for ice-cream freezers. For ice-cream freezers, CEC uses an integrated average temperature of -5.0 °F (±2 °F). Because use of an integrated average temperature of -5.0 °F (±2 °F) as the rating temperature for ice-cream freezers would be more consistent from a technical standpoint, DOE proposes to resolve the conflict between subsections 343(a)(2) and (a)(6)(B)(i) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2) and 6314(a)(6)(B)(i)) by incorporating that rating temperature into its test procedure for ice-cream freezers, as provided in ARI Standard 1200-2006. On December 15, 2005, in response to the Department's request for input on its Schedule Setting for the 2006 Appliance Standards Rulemaking Process (70 FR 61395), ARI urged the Department to place the standards rulemaking for ice-cream freezers, commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers with a self-contained condensing unit and without doors, and commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers with a remote condensing unit, on its high priority list because the effort requires significant work and the regulatory deadline of January 1, 2009, is just three years away. (ARI, DOE-EE-PS-2006-001, No. 18). Regarding test procedures, ARI stated that ARI Standard 1200 is undergoing an ANSI review to become a national standard, and that ARI expects ANSI to approve the standard in the second quarter of 2006. ARI therefore asked that DOE initiate a review of the standard once this process is complete. The Department, however, reviewed ARI Standard 1200, and is proposing to adopt it as the DOE test procedure, prior to completion of the ANSI review process. The Department understands that ARI Standard 1200-2004 underwent ANSI review and received sufficient support for ANSI approval, but that ARI revised it to address the two negative votes and resubmitted it to ANSI for approval as ARI Standard 1200-2006. The Department understands that final ANSI action on this standard is now expected in the third or fourth quarter of 2006, and that one of the negative votes has already been reversed. Because DOE anticipates ANSI approval of ARI Standard 1200-2006, it believes the standard will meet the criterion of 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(6)(A)(i) that allows DOE to adopt, for commercial refrigeration products, test procedures that have been recognized by ANSI. In sum, ARI Standard 1200-2006 contains rating-temperature provisions for ice-cream freezers; commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers with a self-contained condensing unit and without doors; and commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers with a remote condensing unit, which will provide a basis for accurate efficiency determinations for these types of equipment, as required under EPCA. (Section 136(f)(1)(B) of EPACT 2005; 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(6)(C)). In addition, ARI Standard 1200-2006 requires performance tests to be conducted according to the ASHRAE Standard 72 test method, which DOE believes to be a sound method that will produce results that accurately reflect the efficiency of the products tested. The Department also understands that the method has been widely used in the industry, thus indicating that it is not unduly burdensome to conduct. Furthermore, as discussed above, the Department is incorporating ASHRAE Standard 72-2005 by reference into 10 CFR part 431 for other commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers. Thus, DOE adoption of ARI Standard 1200-2006, and the consequent use of ASHRAE Standard 72-2005 for testing the equipment under discussion here, avoids any burden that a manufacturer producing all of these types of equipment might incur if a different method was required here. Finally, DOE has reviewed the calculation methods in ARI Standard 1200-2006, as well as the definitions it provides of terms used in the test procedure, and believes they will help to produce accurate results as to the efficiency of the products being tested. For these reasons, and in anticipation of the standards rulemaking, the Department is proposing to incorporate ARI Standard 1200-2006 by reference into 10 CFR part 431 for ice-cream freezers; commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers with a self-contained condensing unit and without doors; and for commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers with a remote condensing unit. The Department requests comments on the proposed test procedures for this equipment. Finally, the Department is proposing a definition of “ice-cream freezer,” to be included in 10 CFR 431.62. EPCA does not define this term, and a definition is needed to delineate which products will be covered by the test procedure for this equipment. Today's proposed definition is based on the definition used in the ENERGY STAR program. The Department requests comments on that definition. The Department notes that it recently initiated a rulemaking to set standards for certain commercial refrigeration equipment, including ice-cream freezers, as directed by 42 U.S.C. 6313(c)(4)(A). That rulemaking will address the issue of which products will be covered by the standards. M. Battery Chargers and External Power Supplies Section 135(a)(3) of EPACT 2005 amends section 321 of EPCA by adding subsection 321(32) (42 U.S.C. 6291(32)), which defines the term “battery charger” as a “device that charges batteries for consumer products, including battery chargers embedded in other consumer products.” Similarly, section 135(a)(3) of EPACT 2005 also amends section 321 of EPCA by adding subsection 321(36) (42 U.S.C. 6291(36)), which defines the term “external power supply” as “an external power supply circuit that is used to convert household electric current into DC [direct current] or lower-voltage AC [alternating current] to operate a consumer product.” Further, section 135(c)(4) of EPACT 2005 amends section 325 of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295) by adding subsection (u) for battery chargers and external power supplies. Subsection 325(u)(1)(A) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295(u)(1)(A)) directs the Secretary to prescribe, by rule, definitions and test procedures for measuring the energy consumption of battery chargers and external power supplies. Subsection 325(u)(1)(B) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295(u)(1)(B)(i)) directs the Secretary, in establishing these test procedures, to “consider existing definitions and test procedures used for measuring energy consumption in standby mode and other modes.” Finally, subsection 325(u)(1)(E) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295(u)(1)(E)) also states that the Secretary shall determine whether and to what extent to issue standards for these products. In making this determination, the Department will follow the requirements set forth in subsection 325(u)(1)(E) of EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6295(u)(1)(E)(ii)) While EPACT 2005 addresses battery chargers and external power supplies under one general product heading, today's notice addresses them separately. The Department elected to treat these two products separately because (1) the nature and operation of these products is different; (2) they have separate and discrete utilities to the consumer; (3) the EPA developed separate ENERGY STAR test procedures and program requirements for these products; and 4) several stakeholders participating in the development of the EPA's ENERGY STAR program called for separate treatment of these products. 1. Battery Chargers. The Department has examined the definitions and test procedures under the “ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Products with Battery Charging Systems,” December 2005, and proposes to incorporate by reference into 10 CFR Part 430, with modifications discussed below, the test procedure presented in sections 4.0 and 5.0 of EPA's ENERGY STAR “Test Methodology for Determining the Energy Performance of Battery Charging Systems, December 2005” (the ENERGY STAR test method). As quoted above, subsection 325(u)(1)(B) of EPCA directs the Secretary to consider existing definitions and test procedures for measuring the energy consumption of battery chargers in standby mode and other modes. The only existing energy consumption test procedures that DOE is aware of for this product are test methods in IEEE standards and the ENERGY STAR test method. The Department examined both. It found that none of the IEEE standards was adequate and complete within itself. Only the ENERGY STAR test method, which is based on the IEEE standards, comprehensively addresses energy testing of battery chargers. Sections 4.0 and 5.0 of the ENERGY STAR test procedure were designed to measure energy consumption in the maintenance and standby modes, which appears to be appropriate for consumer products using battery chargers. The Department understands that the standby mode is a non-operational mode where no battery is present in the charger but the charger is plugged in and drawing power. The Department understands that the maintenance mode is the condition where the battery is still connected to the charger, but has been fully charged. Based on its examination of the ENERGY STAR test method, DOE believes that this test method does in fact measure energy consumption in both of these modes and that it does not measure a battery charger's energy consumption when it is in the “active” mode, (i.e., is charging a battery). Consequently, the Department believes that it fulfills the EPCA requirements both for standby mode and “other modes,” such as maintenance mode. In today's notice, the Department is proposing to adopt verbatim the statutory definition of battery charger. The Department is also proposing to refine the scope of the test procedure coverage, so that the test method in today's proposed rule has the same applicability as the test method in the ENERGY STAR program. The ENERGY STAR program limits coverage to battery chargers with an input power rating between 2 and 300 watts. The energy labeling and standards program provides a means to promote energy efficiency improvement opportunities of covered products through energy representations and standards. Smaller battery chargers, (i.e., less than 2 watts), because of their size, have few technical opportunities for affecting the energy performance and therefore, consumers would not benefit from the labeling and standards for small battery chargers. Larger battery chargers (i.e., greater than 300 watts) tend to be used for other than residential applications, and as such, are not “consumer products,” within the scope of Part B of Title III of EPCA. Thus, DOE is proposing to limit the scope of the test procedures to the same products covered by the ENERGY STAR program, (i.e., 2 to 300 watts). The Department requests comments on the test method scope of coverage contained in section 1 of Appendix Y to Subpart B of Part 430. In general, DOE found that the ENERGY STAR test method provides sufficient detail, tolerances, and a test protocol to measure the energy consumption of battery chargers, as required under section 325(u)(1)(A) of EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6295(u)(1)(A) The Department also believes that this test procedure has a reasonable degree of industry support, based on comments submitted to the EPA and the public comment process that EPA and its contractors engaged in while developing this document. However, the Department has identified certain issues pertaining to specific elements contained in the ENERGY STAR test method for battery chargers. The Department requests comments on these and any other issues that may be pertinent to the Department's proposal to adopt this test procedure for battery chargers. The ENERGY STAR “Test Methodology for Determining the Energy Performance of Battery Charging Systems,” December 2005, provides two discrete testing procedures that measure the energy consumption of battery chargers—an abbreviated and a full test methodology. The abbreviated methodology has a test duration of 7 hours and the full test methodology has a test duration of 48 hours. The Department proposes to adopt the full test methodology, which has a test duration of 48 hours, and invites comment on this proposal. The Department notes that while the ENERGY STAR program exempts inductively coupled battery charging devices, the sections of the ENERGY STAR test procedure DOE is proposing to adopt, do not include this exemption. The Department believes inductively coupled battery charging devices provide an important consumer utility and are within the scope of the EPACT 2005 definition of “battery charger.” Furthermore, DOE believes the nonactive energy use of inductively coupled battery charging devices, which is captured by today's proposed test procedure, would affect the energy efficiency of these devices. Thus, the Department is proposing to adopt the ENERGY STAR test procedure for battery chargers, including inductively coupled battery charging devices. The Department invites comment on this proposal. The Department understands that certain battery charger designs draw current in short pulses and, therefore, the instrumentation requirements for testing such designs should be capable of fully measuring the energy consumed by these pulses. Based on DOE review, the ENERGY STAR test methodology for a battery charger during testing does not adequately address non-sinusoidal waveforms, including these short pulses of current. Therefore, in order to address this, the Department proposes adding a requirement in section 3 of Appendix Y to Subpart B of Part 430 that addresses the capability of testing equipment to account for crest factor and frequency spectrum in the measurement, in addition to the other ENERGY STAR requirements specified in section 4.0 of the ENERGY STAR test methodology for battery chargers. Finally, the Department understands that some battery chargers for consumer products can operate over a wide range of input voltages and frequencies. For regulatory purposes in the United States, the Department is only concerned with the performance of a battery charger closest to U.S. voltage conditions, namely 115 volts, 60 hertz. Therefore, the Department proposes to require that manufacturers only conduct this test procedure at this voltage. Notwithstanding the issues identified above, the EPA's ENERGY STAR “Test Methodology for Determining the Energy Performance of Battery Charging Systems, December 2005” satisfies the provisions of section 135(c)(4) of EPACT 2005 to provide a test procedure for measuring the energy consumption of battery chargers. Therefore, DOE proposes to incorporate by reference sections 4.0 and 5.0 of this ENERGY STAR document along with the modifications detailed above into 10 CFR part 430. 2. External Power Supplies. The Department proposes to incorporate by reference into 10 CFR Part 430 sections 4 and 5 of the EPA's ENERGY STAR “Test Method for Calculating the Energy Efficiency of Single-Voltage External Ac-Dc and Ac-Ac Power Supplies (August 11, 2004).” The Department found that this test procedure provides sufficient detail, tolerances, and test protocols to measure the energy consumption of external power supplies required under section 325(u) of EPCA, as amended. 42 U.S.C. 6295. The Department also believes that this test procedure has a reasonable degree of industry support, based on comments submitted to the EPA and the public comment process that EPA engaged in while developing these test methods. Notwithstanding, the Department has identified certain issues pertaining to the ENERGY STAR test procedure for external power supplies. The Department requests comments on these and any other issues that may be pertinent to the Department's proposal to adopt this test procedure for external power supplies. EPCA, as amended by EPACT 2005, defines external power supply as a circuit that is used to convert household electric current into DC current or lower-voltage AC current to operate a consumer product. 42 U.S.C. 6291(36). In today's notice, the Department is proposing to adopt the statutory definition verbatim. Additionally, the Department is proposing to make the scope of applicability for the test method consistent with that of the ENERGY STAR program, which was designed to address external power supplies used with consumer electronics. The Department believes that the proposed scope of coverage for the external power supply test method does not deviate substantively from the statutory definition, since it is drafted to be applicable to these devices powering consumer electronics. The Department requests comments on the test method scope of coverage contained in section 1 of the new Appendix Z to Subpart B of Part 430. The Department also understands that some external power supplies for consumer products can operate over a wide range of input voltages and frequencies. For regulatory purposes in the United States, the Department is only concerned with the performance of an external power supply closest to U.S. voltage conditions, namely 115 volts, 60 hertz. Therefore, the Department proposes to require that manufacturers only conduct this test procedure at these voltage conditions. Furthermore, ENERGY STAR measures the energy consumption of the external power supply at 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of rated current output. The efficiencies at each loading point are calculated, and then a simple average is calculated to indicate the efficiency of the unit. The Department invites stakeholders to comment on this methodology for determining the active mode efficiency of the device. The Department understands that power factor, defined as the ratio of actual power drawn in watts to apparent power drawn in volt-amperes, affects the efficiency of electric utility distribution systems. Power factor correction processes are used to adjust this ratio (i.e., the power factor) towards a value of 1.0. The Department invites comments on power factor as it relates to the test procedure proposed for external power supplies. The Department is concerned that, from a utility distribution system perspective, the aggregate effect of external power supplies with low power factors would increase distribution system losses. Notwithstanding the issues identified above, the EPA's ENERGY STAR “Test Method for Calculating the Energy Efficiency of Single-Voltage External Ac-Dc and Ac-Ac Power Supplies,” August 11, 2004, satisfies the provisions of section 135(c)(4)(ii) of EPACT 2005 to provide a test procedure for measuring the energy consumption of external power supplies. Therefore, the Department proposes to incorporate by reference sections 4 and 5 of this ENERGY STAR document along with the modifications detailed above into 10 CFR Part 430. IV. Discussion—Compliance and Enforcement A. Sampling, Manufacturer Certification, and Enforcement—General EPACT 2005 does not specify sampling, manufacturer certification, or DOE enforcement procedures for ensuring compliance with the standards. The Department previously adopted such certification and enforcement procedures for the consumer products that EPCA already covered. These procedures are found in § 430.24 and subpart F to 10 CFR part 430. The Department has reviewed those procedures, and generally bases today's sampling, certification, and enforcement proposals on them. In addition, on December 13, 1999, the Department previously proposed sampling, certification and enforcement provisions for commercial heating, air conditioning and water heating products (hereafter referred to as the “December 1999 proposed rule”). 64 FR 69598. That rulemaking is still pending with respect to those proposals, and DOE recently published a supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking that seeks comment on alternatives to certain of those proposals (hereafter referred to as the “April 2006 supplemental notice”). 71 FR 25103. Some of today's proposals are drawn from the December 1999 proposed rule and the 2006 supplemental notice. For each consumer product that EPACT 2005 covers and for which DOE proposes test procedures in today's notice, the Department is proposing sampling requirements. These requirements address the number of units of each basic model a manufacturer must test as the basis for rating the model and determining whether it complies with the applicable standard. These sampling plans follow the approach for sampling found in 10 CFR part 430. Once DOE has adopted its final rule containing test procedures and sampling requirements for these consumer products (i.e., ceiling fans, ceiling fan light kits, torchieres, medium base compact fluorescent lamps, and dehumidifiers), each product would automatically become subject to the existing manufacturer certification and DOE enforcement provisions in 10 CFR part 430. These provisions are § 430.62 for certification, and §§ 430.61, 430.71, 430.72, 430.73, and 430.74 for enforcement. Today's proposed rule also includes an amendment to section 430.62(a)(4) about information that manufacturers must include in certification reports for the consumer products the rule covers. For each type of commercial or industrial equipment EPACT 2005 covers and for which DOE proposes test procedures in today's notice (except very large air conditioning equipment, which is addressed below), the Department is proposing to adopt sampling requirements for manufacturer testing similar to those in Part 430 for consumer products. The Department is also proposing to require that each manufacturer of commercial or industrial equipment file a compliance statement and certification reports. The compliance statement is essentially a one-time filing in which the manufacturer or private labeler states that it is in compliance with applicable energy conservation requirements, and the certification reports generally provide the efficiency, or energy or water use, as applicable, for each covered basic model that it distributes. These requirements take the same approach as the certification procedures in Part 430 and incorporate, with some modifications, certification provisions that the Department proposed for commercial heating, air conditioning, and water heating equipment in the December 1999 proposed rule and the April 2006 supplemental proposed rule. In today's proposal, the Department has reorganized and renumbered these provisions to reflect the current structure of 10 CFR part 431. Moreover, as set forth in proposed Subpart T, they would apply not only to the equipment for which DOE proposes test procedures in today's notice, but also to distribution transformers and the commercial heating, air conditioning, and water heating equipment for which DOE originally proposed them. (The proposed certification procedures would not apply to electric motors, for which certification requirements are already in place in Part 431). Although DOE, provided an opportunity for comment on the application of these procedures in the December 1999 proposed rule , it will accept comment in response to this notice on their application to heating, ventilation, air-conditioning and water heating (HVAC and WH) products and to the other equipment to which DOE is now proposing to apply them. Today's proposed rule also includes provisions as to DOE enforcement of the standards. As with the certification proposal discussed in the previous paragraph, the proposals as to DOE's initial steps in an enforcement action and manufacturer cessation of distribution of non-complying equipment, follow the approach for such provisions in Part 430 and are essentially the same procedures DOE proposed for HVAC and WH products in the December 1999 proposed rule. For enforcement testing, including, in particular, provisions on sampling during such testing and determination of compliance or non-compliance, the Department is proposing two approaches. For commercial prerinse spray valves, illuminated exit signs, traffic signal modules and pedestrian modules, and refrigerated bottled or canned vending machines, DOE believes each basic model is manufactured in relatively large quantities, similar to consumer products covered by Part 430, and the Department is proposing to adopt the same provisions that apply to consumer products under Part 430. For automatic commercial ice makers, as well as commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers, DOE understands each basic model is manufactured in smaller quantities, similar to commercial heating, air conditioning and water heating equipment, and the Department is proposing the same provisions it proposed for those products in the 2006 supplemental notice. (The proposed enforcement procedures do not apply to electric motors, for which enforcement requirements are already in place in Subpart U of Part 431.) Moreover, only the proposed provisions as to cessation of distribution of non-complying equipment apply to distribution transformers, because DOE has already adopted provisions as to the initial steps in an enforcement action and as to enforcement testing for this equipment. 71 FR 24972. The Department notes that, as with the certification provisions, today's proposed rule also includes provisions on DOE's initial steps in enforcement action and manufacturer cessation of distribution of non-complying equipment would apply not only to distribution transformers and equipment for which DOE is proposing test procedures in today's notice, but also to commercial HVAC and WH products for which DOE previously proposed such provisions. The Department will accept comments in response to this notice on the application of these proposals to HVAC and WH products, and to the other equipment to which DOE is now proposing to apply them. As indicated above, in the December 1999 proposed rule, DOE proposed compliance and enforcement procedures for HVAC and WH products. On October 21, 2004, DOE adopted a final rule incorporating some of the general provisions proposed for this equipment, including certain enforcement provisions (hereafter referred to as the “October 2004 rule”). 69 FR 61916. These enforcement provisions are now set forth in §§ 431.382, 431.386 and 431.387, 70 FR 60416, previously §§ 431.191, 431.195 and 431.196 (2005). The provisions apply to “covered equipment” generally, which comprises electric motors and commercial HVAC and WH products. (10 CFR 431.2) Once DOE has adopted its final rule in this rulemaking, the commercial and industrial equipment the rule covers would automatically become subject to these enforcement provisions. In the October 2004 rule, DOE did not adopt the 1999 proposed rule's proposals that commercial HVAC and WH manufacturers use to determine and certify compliance, or most of its enforcement proposals, and the rulemaking continues on these proposals. In the 2006 supplemental notice, DOE sought comments on alternatives to the December 1999 proposed rule, primarily about: (1) Manufacturer sampling plans; (2) other methods for manufacturers to rate their equipment, including voluntary independent certification programs and alternative efficiency determination methods (AEDMs); and (3) sampling in enforcement testing. 71 FR 25103. Moreover, although the December 1999 proposed rule did not concern the “very large commercial package air conditioning and heating equipment” that EPACT 2005 added to EPCA under section 340(1)(D) (42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(D)), the 2006 supplemental notice seeks comment on applying the proposals in that notice to this equipment. The December 1999 proposed rule used subpart designations and section numbers that corresponded to the structure of 10 CFR part 431 at that time. Since then, DOE has reorganized and renumbered the rules in 10 CFR part 431 to incorporate the commercial and industrial equipment that EPACT 2005 added. 70 FR 60407. To facilitate public review and comment on the 2006 supplemental notice, and comparison of its proposals with those in the 1999 proposed rule, DOE did not change the subpart designations and section numbers to correspond to the reorganized 10 CFR part 431. However, as DOE stated in the 2006 supplemental notice, the Department will reorganize and renumber the sampling, certification, and enforcement provisions in the final rule to reflect the new structure of 10 CFR Part 431. In addition, based on comments received on the 2006 supplemental notice and today's proposed rule, as well as the timing of the two rulemakings, DOE will decide whether to publish two final rules or a single final rule with the sampling, certification, and enforcement provisions for commercial and industrial equipment that EPACT 2005 added, and for commercial heating, ventilating, air conditioning, and water heating equipment. B. Sampling Plans for Compliance and Enforcement Testing In accordance with section 323(b)(3) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3)), any test procedure that DOE prescribes shall be reasonably designed to produce test results that measure, for example, energy efficiency or energy use, and are not unduly burdensome to conduct. The Department proposes the use of a statistically meaningful sampling procedure for selecting test specimens of consumer products to reduce the testing burden on manufacturers, while giving sufficient assurance that the true mean energy efficiency of a basic model meets or exceeds the applicable energy efficiency standard. The Department reviewed sampling plans for consumer products and commercial and industrial equipment that could provide guidance on how many and which units to test to determine compliance. 7 The Department considered four factors in this process: (1) Minimizing manufacturers' testing time and costs; (2) assuring compatibility with other sampling plans the Department has promulgated; (3) providing a highly statistically valid probability that basic models that are tested meet applicable energy conservation standards; and (4) providing a highly statistically valid probability that a manufacturer preliminarily found to be in noncompliance will actually be in noncompliance. 7 The sampling plans reviewed for consumer products are those found in 10 CFR Part 430 and the sampling plans reviewed for commercial and industrial equipment are those found in 10 CFR Part 431 and the December 1999 proposed rule. 64 FR 69598. Based on a review of sampling plans for consumer products found in subpart F of 10 CFR Part 430, the Department considered three alternatives for the specification of test sample size: (1) Test every unit to determine with 100-percent certainty that each one complies with the statute; (2) test a predetermined number of units to yield a high level of statistical confidence (e.g., 90 percent); and (3) test until a determination can be made that a basic model does, or does not comply. In this last alternative, the size of the total sample is not determined in advance. Instead, the manufacturer selects a sample at random from a production line and, after each unit or group of units is tested, either accepts the sample, rejects the sample, or continues testing additional sample units until a decision is ultimately reached. This method often permits reaching a statistically valid decision on the basis of fewer tests than fixed-number sampling. This third alternative is the basis for most of the statistical sampling procedures that DOE has established for consumer products under 10 CFR 430.24, Units to be Tested. The Department proposes to adopt such sampling procedures described in detail below for each of the consumer products and certain commercial and industrial equipment. In the case of actual testing, the proposed procedures require randomly selecting and testing a sample of production units of a representative model. A simple average of the values would be calculated, which would be the actual mean value of the sample. For each representative model, a sample of sufficient size would be selected at random and tested to ensure that any represented value of energy efficiency is, for example, no greater than the lower of (A) the mean of the sample; or (B) the lower 95-percent confidence limit of the mean of the entire population of that basic model, divided by a coefficient applicable to the represented value. These coefficients are intended to reasonably reflect variations in material, and in the manufacturing and testing processes. The Department is interested in receiving comments and data concerning the accuracy and workability of these sampling plans for each product and welcomes discussion on improvements or alternatives to this approach. The Department is particularly interested in gathering comments on whether the proposed statistical sampling plan is appropriate for testing each of the consumer products in today's notice. The Department asks stakeholders to pay close attention to the practicality and applicability of the proposed confidence limits and coefficients proposed for each consumer product. The Department also seeks comment on whether a more valid approach exists within the industry that establishes a sampling plan for the product. Finally, the Department proposes to adapt such sampling procedures for certain commercial equipment described in detail below, and invites comments on whether the approach used to develop sampling plans for consumer products should be applied to commercial equipment. C. Manufacturer Certification for Distribution Transformers As discussed in section IV.A. of today's notice, the Department is proposing manufacturer certification procedures that would apply to most commercial and industrial equipment, including those distribution transformers subject to energy conservation standards. EPACT 2005 established energy conservation standards for low-voltage dry-type distribution transformers manufactured on or after January 1, 2007. Thus, manufacturers of these transformers would be subject to the proposed certification provisions upon their adoption, although today's proposed rule states that manufacturers of low-voltage dry-type distribution transformers would not have to comply with these certification requirements until January 1, 2008. 8 The proposed certification provisions would not be applicable, however, to other types of distribution transformers (specifically, liquid-immersed and medium-voltage dry-type) unless or until the Department promulgates energy conservation standards for them. 8 The Department expects this rulemaking to be finalized in November 2006. The standards for low-voltage dry-type distribution transformers go into effect on January 1, 2007. Therefore, the Department is providing manufacturers until January 1, 2008 for testing and submittal of reports. The certification requirements have two elements: a compliance statement and certification reports. The Department is proposing a single format and set of requirements for compliance statements for all covered commercial and industrial equipment (except electric motors), including distribution transformers. The Department is proposing an approach for certification reports for distribution transformers similar to that which currently exists for electric motors, due to the large number of distribution transformer models that each manufacturer typically produces. This proposed approach is different from what DOE is proposing for other covered equipment. For certification reporting on regulated equipment, the DOE's procedures are for manufacturers to report on the efficiency or energy or water consumption of each basic model. A basic model are those models that have no differentiating electrical, physical, or functional features that affect energy consumption. For distribution transformers, each time a change is made to a core or winding, the energy consumption of the transformer can change, making that design a different basic model. Therefore, due to the way in which distribution transformers are specified and manufactured, customized transformer designs will virtually always be a different basic model. Customized designs are necessary to meet customer requirements and to accommodate price changes in the raw materials used in the production of a distribution transformer. The Department understands that some manufacturers could produce literally thousands of basic models each year and is concerned that applying to them the same certification and reporting requirements as found in 10 CFR Part 430 could place a significant burden on distribution transformer manufacturers. The Department considered several approaches to manufacturer certification reporting requirements for distribution transformers, and decided to propose a methodology similar to the one electric motor manufacturers follow. 10 CFR 431.36(b)(2) and Appendix C to Subpart B of Part 431. The Department is proposing this methodology because (1) manufacturers would still be required to certify in the compliance statement that all basic models manufactured or imported will meet or exceed the minimum efficiency standards; (2) it would minimize the reporting burden on manufacturers; and (3) the Department believes that manufacturers of electric motors and distribution transformers encounter similar market dynamics and manufacturing issues. The Department proposes that each distribution transformer manufacturer submit a certification report on the efficiency of the least efficient basic model within a kilovolt-ampere (kVA) group. For low-voltage dry-type distribution transformers, kVA groups would be defined as the combination of a kVA rating and number of phases for a transformer, as presented in the table of efficiency values in § 431.196, as amended by the October 2005 final rule. 70 FR 60417. These are the groupings EPACT 2005 uses for the minimum efficiency standards for low-voltage dry-type distribution transformers: single-phase kVA groups would be 15 kVA, 25 kVA, 37.5 kVA, and so on; and three-phase kVA groups would include 15 kVA, 30 kVA, 45 kVA, and so on. In total, for low-voltage dry-type distribution transformers, there would be 20 kVA groups. A manufacturer may have several basic models within any one of these 20 kVA groups (e.g., 25 kVA, single-phase), but it would only certify to the Department the efficiency of the basic model that had the lowest efficiency within that kVA group. Basic models that have non-standard kVA ratings (i.e., falling between two kVA groups) would be included in the next higher kVA group. This approach is consistent with how the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) treats non-standard kVA ratings with respect to manufacturing and testing requirements. Depending on the outcome of the rulemaking regarding energy conservation standards for liquid-immersed and medium-voltage dry-type distribution transformers, the number of groupings for which DOE promulgates standards for these transformers might be greater than the number for low-voltage dry- [Text truncated at 120,000 characters. The full text is on the page linked above.] --- Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/fr%3A06-6395. Public record. Not legal advice.