# DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

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URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/crs%3AR48979

## Record

- **Collection:** Congressional research report
- **Document type:** Reports
- **Published:** June 9, 2026
- **Citation:** R48979

## Text

DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027
June 9, 2026

Congressional Research Service
https://crsreports.congress.gov
R48979

SUMMARY

DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027
On April 3, 2026, President Donald Trump’s Administration released its budget request for
FY2027, including $118.39 billion in total budget authority for the Department of Homeland
Security (DHS).
DHS is the third largest agency in the federal government in terms of civilian personnel. Its
appropriations bill is the only one of the twelve annual measures that funds a single agency
exclusively and in its entirety.

R48979
June 9, 2026
William L. Painter
Specialist in Homeland
Security and
Appropriations

The FY2027 budget request was the second budget proposal delivered by the second Trump
Administration. It was released 27 days before the enactment of the DHS Appropriations Act, 2026, which was Division A of
P.L. 119-86. Many of the proposals in the FY2026 budget request are reiterated in the FY2027 budget request, as the
Administration considered those issues unresolved (FY2026 appropriations for DHS were finalized after the delivery of the
budget).
This report provides an overview of the FY2027 annual budget request for DHS. It provides a component-level analysis of
the appropriations requested for FY2027, and puts the requested appropriations in context with the FY2025 and FY2026
enacted and FY2026 requested appropriations, to the extent possible.
The FY2027 budget request for DHS includes $99.39 billion in gross discretionary budget authority, up $1.45 billion from
the budget request for FY2026. When the $28.38 billion in funding requested for the costs of major disasters (which receives
special budgetary treatment) is set aside, the remainder of the discretionary request is $0.46 billion below the FY2026 budget
request. The $28.38 billion request represents the largest amount of annual appropriations ever requested for the Disaster
Relief Fund.
Some of the other major drivers of change from the FY2026 request included:

•

a 5,364-position staffing reduction for the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), the budget for
which was further offset by a legislative proposal to provide TSA an additional $1.68 billion in budget
authority by providing it the full resources of the Aviation Security Passenger Fee (previous similar
proposals similar by this and previous administrations have been unsuccessful);

•

a $766 million reduction in requested funding for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), due
to the use of FY2025 reconciliation funding to pay for ICE’s detention and transportation and removal
costs;

•

a proposed reorganization of DHS headquarters elements, merging the DHS Management Directorate and
Intelligence, Analysis and Situational Awareness functions into the Office of the Secretary and Executive
Management; and

•

a $1.46 billion increase for U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Operations and Support, including $558 million to
cover annualization of pay and benefits from prior year initiatives and a 5% to 7% pay increase for USCG
military personnel in FY2027. There is no pay increase proposed in FY2027 for DHS civilian personnel.
The FY2027 budget request only presents a portion of the resources available to DHS. The FY2025 reconciliation measure,
P.L. 119-21, provided $191.02 billion in mandatory appropriations, almost all of which was made available through FY2029.
This funding was provided for a range of purposes to seven DHS components. While public information on the specific
spending plans for those resources has been limited, this report uses the FY2027 request documentation and public reporting
of obligations to identify what resources have been used by DHS and what resources remain available to it.
Information on the appropriations committees’ responses to the Administration’s budget request is to be made available in
future products.

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

Contents
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1
Data Sources and Caveats ......................................................................................................... 1
Caveats for Analysis.................................................................................................................. 1
DHS Budget Structure ..................................................................................................................... 2
Types of DHS Appropriations ......................................................................................................... 4
Overview of Component-Level Changes ........................................................................................ 7
Comparing the FY2027 Request to Prior-Year Funding and Staffing Levels ........................... 7
Funding ............................................................................................................................... 7
Civilian Staffing .................................................................................................................. 7
FY2025 Reconciliation ....................................................................................................... 8
Component-Level Analysis ............................................................................................................. 9
Law Enforcement Operational Components (Title II) .............................................................. 9
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) ....................................................................... 9
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) ......................................................... 12
Transportation Security Administration (TSA) ................................................................. 15
U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) ................................................................................................ 17
U.S. Secret Service (USSS) .............................................................................................. 20
Incident Response and Recovery (Title III) ............................................................................ 23
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) .............................................. 23
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) .......................................................... 25
Support Components (Title IV) ............................................................................................... 29
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) ....................................................... 29
Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers (FLETC) ..................................................... 31
Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) ..................................................................... 34
Office of Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction (CWMD) ........................................ 36
Headquarters Components (Title I) ......................................................................................... 38
Revised Office of the Secretary and Executive Management (OSEM) ............................ 38
Elements of Revised OSEM ............................................................................................. 42
Office of the Inspector General (OIG) .............................................................................. 45

Figures
Figure 1. FY2027 Budget Request Structure................................................................................... 3
Figure 2. FY2027 DHS Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority Request by
Category and Component ............................................................................................................. 6
Figure 3. CBP Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority ........................................................ 9
Figure 4. CBP FY2025 Reconciliation Funding............................................................................. 11
Figure 5. CBP Staffing, FY2016-FY2027 ...................................................................................... 11
Figure 6. ICE Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority ....................................................... 12
Figure 7. ICE FY2025 Reconciliation Funding ............................................................................ 13
Figure 8. ICE Staffing, FY2016-FY2027 ...................................................................................... 14
Figure 9. TSA Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority ...................................................... 15
Figure 10. TSA Staffing, FY2016-FY2027 ................................................................................... 16

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

Figure 11. USCG Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority ................................................. 17
Figure 12. USCG FY2025 Reconciliation Funding ...................................................................... 18
Figure 13. USCG Civilian Staffing, FY2016-FY2027 .................................................................. 19
Figure 14. USSS Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority .................................................. 20
Figure 15. USSS FY2025 Reconciliation Funding ....................................................................... 21
Figure 16. USSS Staffing, FY2016-FY2027 ................................................................................. 22
Figure 17. CISA Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority .................................................. 23
Figure 18. CISA Staffing, FY2016-FY2027 ................................................................................. 24
Figure 19. FEMA Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority ................................................ 25
Figure 20. FEMA FY2025 Reconciliation Funding ...................................................................... 27
Figure 21. FEMA Staffing, FY2016-FY2027 ............................................................................... 28
Figure 22. USCIS Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority ................................................ 29
Figure 23. USCIS Staffing, FY2016-FY2027 ............................................................................... 30
Figure 24. FLETC Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority ............................................... 31
Figure 25. FLETC FY2025 Reconciliation Funding ..................................................................... 32
Figure 26. FLETC Staffing, FY2016-FY2027 .............................................................................. 33
Figure 27. S&T Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority.................................................... 34
Figure 28. S&T Staffing, FY2016-FY2027................................................................................... 35
Figure 29. CWMD Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority .............................................. 36
Figure 30. CWMD Staffing, FY2016-FY2027 ............................................................................. 37
Figure 31. Revised OSEM Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority .................................. 38
Figure 32. OSEM FY2025 Reconciliation Funding ...................................................................... 40
Figure 33. Revised OSEM Staffing, FY2016-FY2027 ................................................................. 41
Figure 34. Traditional OSEM Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority .............................. 42
Figure 35. Traditional MD Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority .................................. 43
Figure 36. Traditional IASA Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority ................................ 44
Figure 37. OIG Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority .................................................... 45
Figure 38. OIG Staffing, FY2016-FY2027 ................................................................................... 46

Tables
Table 1. FY2027 DHS Budget Request by Common Appropriations Structure (CAS) .................. 5
Table A-1. Component-Level Analysis of FY2027 DHS Budget Request .................................... 48
Table A-2. DHS Civilian Staffing, End-of-Fiscal Year Personnel On Board ................................ 50
Table A-3. DHS Funded Civilian Positions ................................................................................... 51
Table A-4. DHS Funded Civilian Full-Time Equivalents.............................................................. 52
Table A-5. Status of P.L. 119-21 Funding ..................................................................................... 53
Table A-6. FEMA Grants and Education, Training, and Exercises ............................................... 54

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Appendixes
Appendix. Data Tables .................................................................................................................. 47

Contacts
Author Information........................................................................................................................ 56

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

Introduction
On April 3, 2026, President Donald Trump’s Administration released its budget request for
FY2027, including $118.39 billion in total budget authority for the Department of Homeland
Security (DHS). DHS is the third largest agency in the federal government, with roughly 272,000
civilian and military personnel. Its appropriations bill is the only one of the twelve annual
measures that funds a single agency exclusively and in its entirety.
The FY2027 budget request was the second budget proposed by the second Trump
Administration. It was released 27 days before the enactment of the DHS Appropriations Act,
2026, which was Division A of P.L. 119-86. Many of the proposals in the FY2026 budget request
are reiterated in the FY2027 budget request, as the Administration considered those issues
unresolved at the time the DHS budget was finalized.
P.L. 119-86 did not include annual appropriations for the U.S. Border Patrol or U.S. Immigration
and Customs Enforcement. While some of the operations of these elements of DHS were funded
through the $191.02 billion provided in the FY2025 reconciliation measure (P.L. 119-21),
finalization of annual funding for those elements remains before Congress.
This report provides an overview of the FY2027 annual budget request for DHS. It provides a
component-level analysis of the appropriations requested for FY2027, and puts the requested
appropriations in context with the FY2025 and FY2026 enacted and FY2026 requested
appropriations, to the extent possible. This report also uses the FY2027 request documentation
and public reporting of obligations to identify what FY2025 reconciliation resources have been
used by DHS and what resources remain available to it.
For more information on the current status of FY2026 DHS appropriations, see CRS Report
R48874, Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2026 State of Play, by William L.
Painter.

Data Sources and Caveats
The data reflected in the figures and tables are drawn from analysis of the FY2027 DHS Budget
Justifications (as well as those from prior years), the Fiscal Year 2027 Budget of the U.S.
Government: Appendix, the explanatory statement accompanying the FY2026 Department of
Homeland Security Appropriations Act (P.L. 119-86), public information on DHS staffing
provided through the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) website, and public reporting of
apportionment and obligations from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) website.1
Note: Despite the comparisons presented here, the FY2027 DHS budget request is not directly
responsive to the FY2026 enacted annual appropriations. The baseline for comparison in the
FY2027 request is an annualized continuing resolution for FY2026; annual appropriations for the
U.S. Border Patrol and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) have yet to be enacted.

Caveats for Analysis
This report compares data developed with the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) scoring
methodology with data developed with the OMB scoring methodology. These two organizations
have technically distinct approaches based on their roles in their respective branches of
1 As the executive branch and legislative branch follow different scorekeeping procedures and, at times, structure

resources differently over the course of discussion, comparisons using these sources will be imprecise to a degree, as
noted in footnote no. 2.

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

government. However, their approaches in scoring gross discretionary spending (the primary
measure used in this report) are similar enough that the differences between the two outputs are
relatively small.2
The FY2027 annual budget request and FY2026 annual appropriation were developed and
enacted in a dynamic budgetary environment. Therefore, analytical conclusions should be framed
within the following considerations:
•

•

•

The FY2027 budget request was developed without a clear baseline of FY2026
resources, as annual appropriations were still under development.3 Therefore, the
FY2027 request should not necessarily be seen as building upon the FY2026
annual appropriations. Unless otherwise noted, increases and decreases are
described relative to the FY2026 request.
In addition, DHS received $191.02 billion in supplemental funding under P.L.
119-21, the FY2025 reconciliation act. These funds were not provided to
appropriations accounts (as we traditionally see in appropriations bills), but
largely to individual components for specific purposes. OMB has allocated and
reallocated these funds within the various component appropriations. The
Administration has not provided a detailed spending plan for these funds, which
makes comparison of the funding levels for annual appropriations enacted for
FY2025 and FY2026 and requested for FY2027 less informative in some cases.
Separate analytical elements are provided for such funding in most cases; these
rely extensively on DHS’s SF-133 budget activity reports, as presented on the
OMB website.
FY2026 appropriations remain unresolved for the U.S. Border Patrol and U.S.
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Information on the negotiated
funding levels for those DHS elements that was provided in H.R. 7147 as it first
passed the House4 is presented, but does not represent a statutorily directed or
congressionally endorsed funding level for those agencies.

DHS Budget Structure
The FY2027 budget request released on April 3, 2026, was the second budget proposal delivered
by the second Trump Administration.
The budget for DHS includes a variety of discretionary and mandatory budget authority. Aside
from standard discretionary spending, some of the discretionary spending in the bill is offset by
collections of fees, reducing the net effect on the general fund of the Treasury.

2 For the FY2025 process, most of the $158 million in gross scoring differences identified by the Office of

Management and Budget (OMB) were the result of $140 million in differences in fee collection estimates for CBP ($84
million) and TSA ($56 million). Differences in scoring methodologies are shown in analyses by OMB required by
Section 251(a)(7) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit and Control Act of 1985. These reports (known as
“Seven-Day-After” reports) compare OMB and CBO scoring for discretionary appropriations measures, and can be
found on OMB’s website.
3 The budget request documents were released April 3, 2026. The majority of DHS appropriations for FY2026 weren’t
enacted until April 30, 2026.
4 The Senate-amended version of H.R. 7147 was ultimately enacted into law as P.L. 119-86.

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Additionally, a large portion of the funding the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
receives for the Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) historically carries special budgetary exemptions
from subcommittee allocations and statutory spending limits.5
DHS also draws resources from fee revenues and other collections included in the mandatory
budget, which are not usually referenced in annual appropriations legislation. However, some
mandatory spending items still require an appropriation because there is no dedicated source of
funding to meet the government’s obligations established in law—such as the U.S. Coast Guard
(USCG) retirement accounts.6 Figure 1 shows a breakdown of these different categories from the
FY2027 budget request.
Figure 1. FY2027 Budget Request Structure

Source: Developed by CRS, based on the “Departmental Scorekeeping Table” table in the Department of
Homeland Security Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, pp. DHS-8 through DHS-26, https://www.dhs.gov/
sites/default/files/2026-04/26_0403_ocfo_fy27-budget-dhs-overview.pdf.
Notes: “Discretionary Appropriations” reflects the offsetting effect of the disaster relief designation, emergency
designation and the fee-funded budget authority shown in the three bars below it. Differences in tracking
methodologies between the “Departmental Scorekeeping Table” and Congressional scoring methodologies
result in these totals not equaling the sum of the components tracked below. Two significant differences are
$408 million in CBP fees that are included in gross discretionary totals by the Administration (and have not been
by Congress), and $38 million for FEMA’s Radiological Emergency Preparedness Program, which has been
included in those same totals by Congress (and not by the Administration). The Administration’s accounting for
appropriated mandatory budget authority includes the Aviation Security Capital Fund (ASCF) and several U.S.
Coast Guard items: Retired Pay, Boat Safety, Maritime Oil Spill Program, and General Gift Fund. Congressional
appropriations tables have only tracked the ASCF and U.S. Coast Guard Retired Pay.

Congress and the Administration may differ on how funding should be structured.
Administrations of both parties have suggested paying for certain activities with fee increases that
would require legislative approval. If fees are not increased, additional discretionary
appropriations would be required to fund the planned activities.
Several observations can be made in the first four categories of discretionary funding:
•

The total gross discretionary request, including disaster relief and emergencydesignated appropriations is $1.45 billion (1.5%) higher than the FY2026
request.

5 Both the special designation for disaster relief funding and the statutory spending limits the designation adjusted,

established by the Budget Control Act (P.L. 112-25), expired at the end of FY2021. Congress has chosen to extend that
flexibility in subsequent fiscal years, and could continue to do so.
6 For a further discussion of these terms and concepts, see CRS Report R46240, Introduction to the Federal Budget
Process, by James V. Saturno.

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•

•

•

When the $28.38 billion in funding requested for the costs of major disasters—
which receives special budgetary treatment—is set aside, the remainder of the
discretionary request7 is $0.46 billion (0.6%) below the FY2026 budget request.
The FY2027 request also includes an increase of $1.91 billion (7.2%) above the
FY2026 requested level of disaster relief-designated discretionary appropriations
for the DRF.
• The $28.38 billion request represents the largest amount of annual
appropriations ever requested for the Disaster Relief Fund.
• For the sixth year in a row, the annual appropriations request for the DRF
exceeded the discretionary appropriations request for any DHS component—
it is more than the budgets for ICE and the Transportation Security
Administration (TSA) combined.
• The $28.38 billion request for the DRF is more than six times larger than the
rest of FEMA’s requested discretionary budget.
The Administration also proposes $8.05 billion in fee-funded discretionary
budget authority (offsetting collections), a $212 million (2.7%) increase from the
FY2026 requested level:
• The request includes $4.65 billion in offsetting collections for TSA from the
Aviation Security Passenger Fee ($1.68 billion of which would require
legislation).8
• The next largest element of the offsetting collections after aviation security is
the Federal Protective Service (FPS), which is entirely funded by fees
collected from the government agencies whose facilities FPS protects. The
$2.03 billion FY2027 request matches the FY2026 requested level.

Types of DHS Appropriations
In FY2017, at congressional direction, DHS implemented a Common Appropriations Structure
(CAS), reorganizing most DHS discretionary appropriations into four uniform categories:
1. Operations and Support (O&S), which generally covers operating salaries and
expenses;
2. Procurement, Construction, and Improvements (PC&I), which funds
planning, development, engineering, purchase, and deployment of assets to
support component missions;
3. Research and Development (R&D), which provides resources needed to
identify, explore, and demonstrate new technologies and capabilities to support
component missions; and
4. Federal Assistance (FA), which supports grant funding managed by DHS
components.
7 As described, from the figure above, the remainder encompasses discretionary appropriations plus offset and fee-

funded discretionary budget authority.
8 Under P.L. 113-67, a portion of the Aviation Security Passenger Fee is redirected to deficit reduction. The
Administration has requested that the statutory redirection be repealed. U.S. Department of Homeland Security,
Transportation Security Administration, Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, April 3, 2026, pp. TSA-APSF3. All DHS congressional justifications are available at https://www.dhs.gov/publication/congressional-budgetjustification-fiscal-year-fy-2027.

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Some DHS appropriations do not fit the CAS categories. For instance, FEMA’s Disaster Relief
Fund is a unique discretionary appropriation that has been preserved separately, in part due to the
history of the high level of public and congressional interest in that particular structure.9
Of the $99.34 billion in gross discretionary budget authority requested for DHS in FY2027,
$95.16 billion (95.8%) falls into the four CAS categories and the DRF.10
The CAS structure allows for a quick survey of the level of departmental investment in these
broad categories of spending through the appropriations process.11 Table 1 shows the values of
the four CAS categories and the DRF from all DHS components, and expresses that value as a
share of appropriations in those five categories.
Table 1. FY2027 DHS Budget Request by Common Appropriations Structure (CAS)
(Thousands of dollars in budget authority)
CAS Category

Amount

Share

Operations and Support

$60,869,778

61.27%

Disaster Relief Fund

$28,379,000

28.57%

Procurement, Construction, and
Improvements

$2,947,858

2.97%

Federal Assistance

$2,592,148

2.61%

$375,462

0.38%

$4,179,977

4.21%

Research and Development
Other

Source: Developed by CRS, based on the “Departmental Scorekeeping Table” table in the Department of
Homeland Security Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, pp. DHS-8 through DHS-26, https://www.dhs.gov/
sites/default/files/2026-04/26_0403_ocfo_fy27-budget-dhs-overview.pdf.
Notes: Numbers do not include advance appropriations or reconciliation funding. The total share percentage
exceeds 100% due to rounding.

A visual representation of this data follows in Figure 2. On the left are the four appropriations
categories of the CAS, plus the DRF and a catch-all “other” category for discretionary spending
not included in these activity types.12 A black bar represents (to scale) the FY2027 funding levels
requested for DHS for each category. Colored lines flow to the DHS components listed on the
right showing the amount of funding requested in each category to each component. An asterisk
notes three components the Administration proposed combining into a revised and expanded
“Office of the Secretary and Executive Management” appropriation.

9 Additional information on the DHS Common Appropriations Structure (CAS) and other DHS appropriations, can be

found in “The DHS Common Appropriations Structure” section of CRS Report R45268, Department of Homeland
Security Appropriations: FY2019.
10 Roughly half of the gross discretionary budget authority not included in the CAS structure or Disaster Relief Fund
for FY2027 is the Federal Protective Service (FPS), whose appropriations are fully offset by fees.
11 While all DHS components have an Operations and Support (O&S) appropriation, not all components receive
appropriations of each type. All DHS operational components and some DHS support and headquarters components
have a Procurement, Construction, and Improvements (PC&I) appropriation. Research and Development (R&D)
appropriations are less common, and only a handful of components have Federal Assistance (FA) appropriations.
12 Included in the “other” category are certain appropriations fully offset by fee collections and permanent indefinite
discretionary spending (i.e., U.S. Customs and Border Protection small airport user fee and U.S. Coast Guard
contributions for health care costs of its Medicare-eligible personnel).

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Figure 2. FY2027 DHS Annual Gross Discretionary Budget
Authority Request by Category and Component

Source: Developed by CRS, based on the “Departmental Scorekeeping Table” table in the Department of
Homeland Security Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, pp. DHS-8 through DHS-26, https://www.dhs.gov/
sites/default/files/2026-04/26_0403_ocfo_fy27-budget-dhs-overview.pdf.
Notes: FEMA = Federal Emergency Management Agency; CBP = U.S. Customs and Border Protection; USCG =
U.S. Coast Guard; TSA = Transportation Security Administration; ICE = U.S. Immigration and Customs
Enforcement; MD = Management Directorate; CISA = Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency; USSS =
U.S. Secret Service; ST = Science and Technology Directorate; USCIS = U.S. Citizenship and Immigration
Services; CWMD = Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office; FLETC = Federal Law Enforcement
Training Centers; IASA = Intelligence, Analysis, and Situational Awareness; OSEM = Office of the Secretary and
Executive Management; OIG = Office of Inspector General. * = indicates components combined in a proposed
new consolidated Office of the Executive Secretary and Executive Management component.

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Overview of Component-Level Changes
Comparing the FY2027 Request to Prior-Year Funding and Staffing
Levels
The following summaries of the budget requests for the selected DHS components are drawn
from a survey of the DHS FY2027 Budget Overview Congressional Justification and the budget
justifications for each component.

Funding
Each component summary begins with a figure showing two comparisons:
•

•

The first outlines the gross discretionary funding request for FY2027, annual
enacted level for FY2026, funding request for FY2026, and funding level
provided in the FY2025 full-year CR. The share of each component is shown as a
black bar within the whole of DHS. The data label on the left of the bar shows
the requisite level for the component (the black portion of the bar), and the label
on the right shows the level for the remainder of DHS (the gray portion of the
bar). Table A-1 shows the underlying data for these comparisons.
The second outlines the composition of gross discretionary funding levels for the
component by CAS appropriations category (as described above) in the request
for FY2027, annual enacted level for FY2026, request for FY2026, and FY2025
full-year CR.

The amounts shown in each figure include all new gross discretionary spending requested or
enacted for each component. These amounts do not include supplemental appropriations or
mandatory funding (such as funding from collected fees that have appropriations in permanent
law).
DHS and Pay Raises
Each component’s Operations and Support appropriation includes discretionary funding for pay. The
Administration requested a military pay increase ranging from 5% to 7% for 2027, but no pay raise was proposed
for the civilian workforce. However, annualization of pay and benefits changes from previous years affects each
component’s budget the first full year after it was provided.13 Descriptions of each Operations and Support
appropriation note the impact of these pay and benefits changes to distinguish between pay adjustments and other
operational funding shifts.

Civilian Staffing
Each component summary also includes a figure providing information on historical staffing and
the budget request. The figures show the component’s FY2027 proposed number of funded
positions and full-time equivalents (FTE)14 compared to those for FYs 2016 to 2025 (as reported
in the budget requests), as well as the actual year-end staffing levels according to OPM. The latest
OPM staffing level for each component (as of the end of March 2026) is reported in the FY2026
13 Pay increases cover the calendar year, rather the fiscal year.
14 The term “full-time equivalents” is a measure of work equal to 2,080 hours per year. This is distinct from positions,

which is a measure of the number of employees on board or to be hired. For more information, see CRS Report
R43590, Federal Workforce Statistics Sources: OPM and OMB, by Carol Wilson.

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column, and is distinguished by a patterned fill.15 Table A-2, Table A-3, and Table A-4 show the
underlying data for these figures.

FY2025 Reconciliation
As noted above, DHS received $191.02 billion in multi-year budget authority through P.L. 11921. The availability of these resources has affected the funding requirements for several DHS
components.16
For the seven DHS components that received funding in the FY2025 reconciliation package, an
additional graphic is provided to show the funding levels as reported through the FY2027 Budget
Appendix and through OMB public reporting of obligations in DHS’s SF-133 Report on Budget
Execution and Budgetary Resources.17 As funding was provided for specific purposes (rather than
by appropriation), and budget authority has been reapportioned between some of those
appropriations accounts, appropriations for Operations and Support (O&S) and Procurement,
Construction, and Improvement (PC&I) accounts are shown combined.
Table A-5 shows the underlying data.

15 In FY2025, OPM transitioned from the FedScope system of public reporting on the federal civilian workforce to

OPM Federal Workforce Data (FWD). OPM is continuing to roll out new features for FWD, and some observers have
expressed concern that some inconsistencies may exist in data sets drawn from the two systems.
16 For additional discussion of DHS funding through P.L. 119-21, see CRS Report R48704, Understanding the FY2026
DHS Budget Request, by William L. Painter.
17 SF-133 Reports on Budget Execution and Budgetary Resources fulfil a statutory requirement that the President
review federal expenditures at least four times a year. These reports, while presented on the OMB portion of the White
House website, is developed and presented by the agencies, rather than OMB. The reports are available at
https://portal.max.gov/portal/document/SF133/Budget/FACTS%20II%20%20SF%20133%20Report%20on%20Budget%20Execution%20and%20Budgetary%20Resources.html.

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Component-Level Analysis
Law Enforcement Operational Components (Title II)
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
Figure 3. CBP Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority

Source: CRS analysis of the CBP Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, Fiscal Year 2027 Budget of the U.S.
Government: Appendix, and the explanatory statement accompanying the FY2026 Department of Homeland
Security Appropriations Act (P.L. 119-86), https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/
fy26_homeland_security_report.pdf.
Notes: FY2026 Enacted level does not include Operations and Support appropriations for Border Security
Operations. Amounts do not include the effects of transfers, mandatory spending for fee-funded programs,
offsetting collections, or advance or supplemental appropriations (including FY2025 reconciliation funding).
“Other” appropriations include COBRA Free Trade Agreement collections and Global Entry user fees
appropriated to CBP and permanent indefinite discretionary spending for CBP services at facilities that pay user
fees.

Analysis of the budget request for CBP is complicated not only by the fact that the Administration
made its FY2027 budget request before the enactment of the FY2026 DHS appropriations act, but
that the enacted funding level did not include Operations and Support funding for the U.S. Border
Patrol. $6.64 billion of U.S. Border Patrol funding was removed from H.R. 7147 to help clear the
path for the measure through the Senate.18

18 See, for example, Ted Barrett and Morgan Rimmer, “Senate unanimously moves to fund most of DHS, except ICE

and border patrol, in rare overnight session,” CNN.com, March 27, 2026, https://www.cnn.com/2026/03/27/politics/
senate-agreement-dhs-funding.

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The Administration’s $18.897 billion gross annual appropriations request for CBP was $859
million (4.3%) below the FY2026 requested level, and $1.142 billion (5.7%) below the level of
the FY2025 continuing resolution. The FY2027 annual appropriations request included
•

•

$714 million (3.9%) less than was requested for FY2026 for CBP Operations and
Support (O&S). The FY2027 request included $173 million to cover
annualization of hiring, $338 million to cover increases in pay costs, and $325
million to cover increased non-pay costs. These were offset in part by a proposal
to use fee revenues (rather than discretionary funding) to pay $557 million in
personnel costs.19
$167 million (21.8%) less than was requested for FY2026 for CBP Procurement,
Construction, and Improvements (PC&I). The primary driver of this change from
the FY2026 requested level was the removal of $244 million in Border Security
Assets and Infrastructure funding from the request, as well as a $160 million
reduction in Construction and Facility Improvements.

In assessing the adequacy of the CBP request, one may consider that the FY2026 enacted
measure transferred certain activities to CBP from CWMD: $4 million in O&S for radiation
portal monitor mission support and $36 million for procurement of large-scale radiation detection
systems in PC&I. CBP also was transferred $2 million for portable radiation detection systems.20
For many activities, reductions in the budget request are offset by resources provided in P.L. 11921. In CBP’s case, $64.73 billion in FY2025 reconciliation funding has been divided between
O&S and PC&I appropriations, but some funding has been shifted between the accounts. Figure
4 provides a visual comparison of planned obligations reported in the FY2027 Budget Appendix
and actual obligations shown in DHS’s SF-133 budget activity reports.
The FY2027 Budget Appendix indicates $48.01 billion in obligations were planned for FY2026
($1.43 billion in O&S and $46.67 billion in PC&I), and $5.45 billion were planned for FY2027
($1.64 billion in O&S and $3.80 billion in PC&I). Approximately $41.46 billion of the projected
obligations for FY2026 are for Border Security Assets and Infrastructure activities. Budget
execution reporting indicates that $22.44 billion has been obligated so far in FY2026, on top of
$5.41 billion obligated in FY2025.

19 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional

Justification, April 3, 2026, p. CBP-OS-5. All DHS congressional justifications are available at https://www.dhs.gov/
publication/congressional-budget-justification-fiscal-year-fy-2027.
20 “Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Cole, Chair of the House of Representatives Committee on
Appropriations, Regarding H.R. 7148, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026; and H.R. 7147, Department of
Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2026,” Congressional Record, vol. 172, part 15 (January 22, 2026), p. H1664
(hereinafter “Explanatory Statement”). Most of these costs appear to have been covered in the Administration’s
request, but the organization of the activities is not wholly consistent.

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

Figure 4. CBP FY2025 Reconciliation Funding

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2027 Budget Appendix and SF-133 Reports on Budgetary Execution and Budgetary
Resources.
Notes: Due to deobligations and adjustments, total resources reported in SF-133s may not align precisely with
those reported in the Appendix.

Figure 5 provides a historical comparison between actual staffing levels for CBP and the number
of funded positions and FTE, including part-year actual staffing data for FY2026.
Figure 5. CBP Staffing, FY2016-FY2027

Source: CRS analysis of budget justification documents and data from the Office of Personnel Management
(OPM) Federal Workforce Data (FWD) website. “Actual Staffing” data are from OPM FWD: those for FY2016FY2025 are end-of-year values, while FY2026 is as of the end of March 2026. Funded Positions and Funded FTE
data are from FY2018-FY2027 DHS Congressional Justification documents.
Notes: * FY2026 represents part-year data for actual staffing. Final data on funded positions and FTE are not
available yet for FY2026. In all cases, funded positions and FTE only reflect those documented in the annual
appropriations request.

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
Figure 6. ICE Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority

Source: CRS analysis of the ICE Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, Fiscal Year 2027 Budget of the U.S.
Government: Appendix, and the explanatory statement accompanying the FY2026 Department of Homeland
Security Appropriations Act (P.L. 119-86).
Notes: Amounts do not include the effects of transfers, mandatory spending for fee-funded programs, offsetting
collections, or advance or supplemental appropriations.

As in the case of CBP, analysis of the budget request for ICE is complicated not only by the fact
that the Administration made its FY2027 budget request before the enactment of the FY2026
DHS appropriations act, but that the enacted measure did not include FY2026 funding for ICE.
An estimated $10.04 billion of ICE funding was removed from H.R. 7147 to help clear the path
for the measure through the Senate.21
The Administration’s $10.04 billion FY2027 gross annual appropriations request for ICE was
$839 million (7.7%) below its FY2026 requested level, and even with the level of the FY2025
continuing resolution. The FY2027 annual appropriations request included
•

$799 million (7.4%) less than was requested for FY2026 for ICE Operations and
Support (O&S). The FY2027 request included $190 million to cover
annualization of past pay raises, and $364 million in non-pay cost increases.22

21 See, for example, Ted Barrett and Morgan Rimmer, “Senate unanimously moves to fund most of DHS, except ICE

and border patrol, in rare overnight session,” CNN.com, March 27, 2026, https://www.cnn.com/2026/03/27/politics/
senate-agreement-dhs-funding.
22 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Fiscal Year 2027
Congressional Justification, April 3, 2026, p. ICE-O&S-6. All DHS congressional justifications are available at
https://www.dhs.gov/publication/congressional-budget-justification-fiscal-year-fy-2027.

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•

The Administration requested no funding in FY2027 for ICE Procurement,
Construction, and Improvements (PC&I), $40 million less than was requested for
FY2026 for ICE Procurement, Construction, and Improvements.

These reductions are offset for many activities by resources provided in P.L. 119-21. The $74.8
billion in FY2025 reconciliation funding for ICE has been divided between its O&S and PC&I
appropriations, but some of this funding has been shifted between the two accounts. In terms of
details, the ICE O&S appropriations justification specifically notes the plan to use FY2025
reconciliation funding to offset $416 million in detention costs and $350 million in Transportation
and Removal Operations in FY2027. Figure 7 provides a visual comparison of planned
obligations reported in the FY2027 Budget Appendix and actual obligations shown in DHS’s SF133 budget activity reports.
The FY2027 Budget Appendix indicates $35.89 billion in obligations were planned for FY2026
($35.33 billion in O&S and $564 million in PC&I), and $20.38 billion were planned for FY2027
(all in O&S). Budget execution reporting indicates that $11.46 billion has been obligated so far in
FY2026 ($5.62 billion in O&S and $5.85 billion in PC&I), on top of $1.14 billion in O&S
obligations in FY2025.
Figure 7. ICE FY2025 Reconciliation Funding

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2027 Budget Appendix and SF-133 Reports on Budgetary Execution and Budgetary
Resources.
Notes: Due to deobligations and adjustments, total resources reported in SF-133s may not align precisely with
those reported in the Appendix.

Figure 8 provides a historical comparison between actual staffing levels for ICE and the number
of funded positions and FTE, including part-year actual staffing data for FY2026.

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Figure 8. ICE Staffing, FY2016-FY2027

Source: CRS analysis of budget justification documents and data from the Office of Personnel Management
(OPM) Federal Workforce Data (FWD) website. “Actual Staffing” data are from OPM FWD: those for FY2016FY2025 are end-of-year values, while FY2026 is as of the end of March 2026. Funded Positions and Funded FTE
data are from FY2018-FY2027 DHS Congressional Justification documents.
Notes: * FY2026 represents part-year data for actual staffing. Final data on funded positions and FTE are not
available yet for FY2026. In all cases, funded positions and FTE only reflect those documented in the annual
appropriations request.

Actual staffing exceeded funded positions and FTE beginning in FY2025 as the FY2025
reconciliation package funded a hiring surge of ICE personnel.

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

Transportation Security Administration (TSA)
Figure 9. TSA Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority

Source: CRS analysis of the TSA Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, Fiscal Year 2027 Budget of the U.S.
Government: Appendix, and the explanatory statement accompanying the FY2026 Department of Homeland
Security Appropriations Act (P.L. 119-86).
Notes: Amounts do not include the effects of transfers, mandatory spending for fee-funded programs, offsetting
collections, or advance or supplemental appropriations. “Other” includes vetting programs that are covered by
fees.

The Administration’s $11.49 billion FY2027 gross annual appropriations request for TSA was
$132 million (1.2%) above the FY2026 requested level, and $356 million (3.2%) above the level
of the FY2025 continuing resolution. The FY2027 annual appropriations request included
•

$82 million (0.8%) less than was requested for FY2026 for TSA Operations and
Support (O&S). The FY2027 request included $118 million to cover net cost
increases in pay and retirement benefits and annualization of pay from prior-year
initiatives. This funding level depends on the enactment of a legislative proposal
that would bring $1.68 billion in additional offsetting revenue to TSA by
eliminating the practice of using a portion of the 9/11 Passenger Security Fee to
reduce the deficit. It also is based on implementing significant reductions in
staffing by privatizing screening at more airports, eliminating TSA staffing of
terminal exit lanes, and other “staffing efficiencies.”23

23 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Transportation Security Administration, Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional

Justification, April 3, 2026, pp. TSA-O&S-5-6. All DHS congressional justifications are available at
https://www.dhs.gov/publication/congressional-budget-justification-fiscal-year-fy-2027. Future references to this
document are by page number only.

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

•

•

$71 million (32.7%) more than was requested for FY2026 for TSA Procurement,
Construction, and Improvements (PC&I). The primary drivers of this change
from the FY2026 requested level were a $41 million increase for checked
baggage screening and $20 million for e-Gates. However, this proposed funding
level is $43 million below the FY2026 funded level, as the FY2026 measure
provided more than $101 million above the request for checkpoint support.
$12 million (34.2%) less than was requested for FY2026 for TSA Research and
Development. This is almost $1 million below the FY2026 enacted funding level.

Figure 10 provides a historical comparison between actual staffing levels for TSA and the
number of funded positions and FTE, including part-year actual staffing data for FY2026.
Figure 10. TSA Staffing, FY2016-FY2027

Source: CRS analysis of budget justification documents and data from the Office of Personnel Management
(OPM) Federal Workforce Data (FWD) website. “Actual Staffing” data are from OPM FWD: those for FY2016FY2025 are end-of-year values, while FY2026 is as of the end of March 2026. Funded Positions and Funded FTE
data are from FY2018-FY2027 DHS Congressional Justification documents.
Notes: * FY2026 represents part-year data for actual staffing. Final data on funded positions and FTE are not
available yet for FY2026. In all cases, funded positions and FTE only reflect those documented in the annual
appropriations request.

As noted above, there are several proposals in the FY2027 budget request that would reduce
funded staffing levels below the level funded in the FY2025 continuing resolution:
•

Eliminating TSA staffing of exit lanes would reduce the number of TSA’s funded
positions and FTE by 836;24

24 p. TSA-O&S-5.

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

•

•

Expanding the Screening Partnership Program to all Category III and IV airports
would reduce both the number of TSA’s funded positions and FTE by 4,528;25
and
Identifying and implementing staffing efficiencies would reportedly result in
1,626 fewer funded positions and 3,515 fewer FTE.26

U.S. Coast Guard (USCG)
Figure 11. USCG Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority

Source: CRS analysis of the USCG Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, Fiscal Year 2027 Budget of the U.S.
Government: Appendix, and the explanatory statement accompanying the FY2026 Department of Homeland
Security Appropriations Act (P.L. 119-86).
Notes: Amounts do not include the effects of transfers, mandatory spending for fee-funded programs, offsetting
collections, or advance or supplemental appropriations. “Other” includes the USCG Housing Fund and
permanent indefinite discretionary funding for the Health Care Fund Contribution.

The Administration’s $14.15 billion FY2027 gross annual appropriations request for USCG was
$968 million (7.3%) above the FY2026 requested level, and $2.02 billion (16.7%) above the level
of the FY2025 continuing resolution. The FY2027 annual appropriations request included

25 p. TSA-O&S-25. Category III airports are FAA-certified airports that serve schedule operations of small air carrier

aircraft, but not large air carrier aircraft (those with 31 seats or more). Category IV airports are FAA-certified airports
that serve only unscheduled operations of large carrier aircraft. See the “Classes of Airports – Part 139 Airport
Certification” for more information (https://www.faa.gov/airports/airport_safety/part139_cert/classes-of-airports).
26 p. TSA-O&S-6.

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

•

•

$1.46 billion (13.2%) more than was requested for FY2026 for USCG Operations
and Support. The FY2027 request included $558 million to cover increased pay
and retirement costs and annualization of pay from prior-year initiatives.27
$542 million (31.1%) less than was requested for FY2026 for USCG
Procurement, Construction, and Improvements. The primary driver of this change
from the FY2026 requested level was an $861 million reduction in vessel
procurement, balanced by a $335 million increase in funding for shore facilities
and aids to navigation.

For many programs, the reductions in USCG PC&I are offset for many programs by resources
provided in P.L. 119-21. The $24.59 billion in FY2025 reconciliation funding for the USCG has
been divided between Operations and Support (O&S) and Procurement, Construction, and
Improvement (PC&I) appropriations, but some funding has been shifted between the accounts.
Figure 12 provides a visual comparison of planned obligations reported in the FY2027 Budget
Appendix and actual obligations shown in DHS’s SF-133 budget activity reports.
The FY2027 Budget Appendix indicates $16.3 billion in obligations were planned for FY2026
($940 million in O&S and $15.93 billion in PC&I), and $4.54 billion were planned for FY2027
($1.10 billion in O&S and $3.44 billion in PC&I). Budget execution reporting indicates that
$7.36 billion has been obligated so far in FY2026 ($693 million in O&S and $6.67 billion in
PC&I), on top of $2.29 billion obligated in FY2025.
Figure 12. USCG FY2025 Reconciliation Funding

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2027 Budget Appendix and SF-133 Reports on Budgetary Execution and Budgetary
Resources.
Notes: Due to deobligations and adjustments, total resources reported in SF-133s may not align precisely with
those reported in the Appendix.

Figure 13 provides a historical comparison between actual civilian staffing levels for the USCG
and the number of funded positions and FTE, including part-year actual staffing data for FY2026.
As the OPM Federal Workforce Data System (FWD) system only tracks civilian personnel, this
analysis only examines a portion of the USCG workforce. The FY2025 full-year CR funded
almost 53,000 total positions and 51,600 FTE overall.
The decline in civilian staffing, despite the continued investment in personnel, may be the result
of a variety of factors: Administration policies that either eliminated positions or encouraged
separations, the effect of continuing resolutions on hiring processes, or the extended lapses in
27 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Coast Guard, Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, April 3,

2026, p. USCG-O&S-4. All DHS congressional justifications are available at https://www.dhs.gov/publication/
congressional-budget-justification-fiscal-year-fy-2027. Future references to this document are by page number only.

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appropriations could all be contributory. Although USCG military personnel received pay
throughout the lapses in appropriations, USCG civilian personnel were not paid until six weeks
into FY2026 due to the first FY2026 extended lapse in appropriations, and again from February
14th until the beginning of April in the second extended lapse.28
Figure 13. USCG Civilian Staffing, FY2016-FY2027

Source: CRS analysis of budget justification documents and data from the Office of Personnel Management
(OPM) Federal Workforce Data (FWD) website. “Actual Staffing” data are from OPM FWD: those for FY2016FY2025 are end-of-year values, while FY2026 is as of the end of March 2026. Funded Positions and Funded FTE
data are from FY2018-FY2027 DHS Congressional Justification documents.
Notes: * FY2026 represents part-year data for actual staffing. Final data on funded positions and FTE are not
available yet for FY2026. In all cases, funded positions and FTE only reflect those documented in the annual
appropriations request.

28 See, for example, Nicole Sganga, “DHS Kepps Paying Coast Guard Personnel Despite Partial Government

Shutdown,” CBS News, March 17, 2026, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/dhs-keeps-paying-coast-guard-personneldespite-partial-government-shutdown/. For additional details, see CRS Report R48874, Department of Homeland
Security Appropriations: FY2026 State of Play, by William L. Painter.

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

U.S. Secret Service (USSS)
Figure 14. USSS Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority

Source: CRS analysis of the USSS Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, Fiscal Year 2027 Budget of the U.S.
Government: Appendix, and the explanatory statement accompanying the FY2026 Department of Homeland
Security Appropriations Act (P.L. 119-86).
Notes: Amounts do not include the effects of transfers, mandatory spending for fee-funded programs, offsetting
collections, or advance or supplemental appropriations.

The Administration’s $3.45 billion FY2027 gross annual appropriations request for the USSS was
$157 million (4.8%) above the FY2026 requested level, and $364 million (11.8%) above the level
of the FY2025 continuing resolution. The FY2027 annual appropriations request included
•

•

$334 million (11.0%) more than was requested for FY2026 for USSS Operations
and Support. The FY2027 request included a net $80 million increase to cover
increased pay and retirement costs, staffing and pricing adjustments, and
annualization of pay from prior-year initiatives.29
$178 million (69.8%) less than was requested for FY2026 for USSS
Procurement, Construction, and Improvements. The primary driver of this change
from the FY2026 requested level was a $178 million reduction in construction
and facility improvements.

The reduction in USSS PC&I is offset for many activities by resources provided in P.L. 119-21.
The USSS FY2025 reconciliation funding has been divided between Operations and Support
(O&S) and Procurement, Construction, and Improvement (PC&I) appropriations, but some
29 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Secret Service, Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, April 3,

2026, p. USSS-O&S-6. All DHS congressional justifications are available at https://www.dhs.gov/publication/
congressional-budget-justification-fiscal-year-fy-2027. Future references to this document are by page number only.

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funding has been shifted between the accounts. Figure 15 provides a visual comparison of
planned obligations reported in the FY2027 Budget Appendix and actual obligations shown in
DHS’s SF-133 budget activity reports.
The structure of the USSS data in the FY2027 Budget Appendix only identifies $39 million in
USSS PC&I obligations in FY2025, and does not present information at a level of detail needed
to analyze FY2026 or FY2027 projected obligations. Budget execution reporting indicates that
$107 million has been obligated thus far in FY2026 ($58 million in O&S and $49 million in
PC&I), on top of the $39 million obligated in FY2025.
Figure 15. USSS FY2025 Reconciliation Funding

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2027 Budget Appendix and SF-133 Reports on Budgetary Execution and Budgetary
Resources.
Notes: Due to deobligations and adjustments, total resources reported in SF-133s may not align precisely with
those reported in the Appendix.

Figure 16 provides a historical comparison between actual staffing levels for USSS and the
number of funded positions and FTE, including part-year actual staffing data for FY2026.
The FY2027 request would fund a significant increase in USSS staffing, adding 520 special agent
positions, 256 Uniform Division positions, and 50 additional Technical Law Enforcement
agents.30

30 p. USSS-O&S-7.

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Figure 16. USSS Staffing, FY2016-FY2027

Source: CRS analysis of budget justification documents and data from the Office of Personnel Management
(OPM) Federal Workforce Data (FWD) website. “Actual Staffing” data are from OPM FWD: those for FY2016FY2025 are end-of-year values, while FY2026 is as of the end of March 2026. Funded Positions and Funded FTE
data are from FY2018-FY2027 DHS Congressional Justification documents.
Notes: * FY2026 represents part-year data for actual staffing. Final data on funded positions and FTE are not
available yet for FY2026. In all cases, funded positions and FTE only reflect those documented in the annual
appropriations request.

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

Incident Response and Recovery (Title III)
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA)
Figure 17. CISA Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority

Source: CRS analysis of the CISA Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, Fiscal Year 2027 Budget of the U.S.
Government: Appendix, and the explanatory statement accompanying the FY2026 Department of Homeland
Security Appropriations Act (P.L. 119-86).
Notes: Amounts do not include the effects of transfers, mandatory spending for fee-funded programs, offsetting
collections, or advance or supplemental appropriations.

The Administration’s $2.49 billion FY2027 gross annual appropriations request for CISA was
$109 million (4.6%) above the FY2026 requested level, and $386 million (13.4%) below the level
of the FY2025 continuing resolution. The FY2027 annual appropriations request included
•

•

$64 million (3.3%) more than was requested for FY2026 for CISA Operations
and Support. The FY2027 request included $41 million to cover increased pay
and retirement costs, technical adjustments, and annualization of pay from prioryear initiatives.31
The same level of funding was requested that had been sought for FY2026 for
CISA Procurement, Construction, and Improvements ($420 million). The primary
driver of this request remains cybersecurity, which makes up more than 95% of
this appropriation.

31 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Fiscal Year 2027

Congressional Justification, April 3, 2026, p. CISA-O&S-8. All DHS congressional justifications are available at
https://www.dhs.gov/publication/congressional-budget-justification-fiscal-year-fy-2027. Future references to this
document are by page number only.

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•

$44 million was requested for CISA Research and Development—an account that
the Administration had proposed not funding in FY2026, and had received less
than $1 million in FY2025. The driver of this increase is CWMD research and
development activity that the Administration proposed transferring to CISA.

Figure 18 provides a historical comparison between actual staffing levels for CISA and the
number of funded positions and FTE, including part-year actual staffing data for FY2026. The
data for FY2016-FY2018 are for NPPD, from which CISA was reorganized in FY2019. The
decrease in staffing from FY2019 to FY2020 reflects the separation of CISA and the Federal
Protective Service: the FY2021 budget justification documents, which included the FY2019 totals
of funded positions and FTE, contained levels adjusted downward to reflect the reorganization.
The level of CISA staffing at the end of March 2026 represents a significant decrease over a sixmonth period, and is below the proposed funded staffing for FY2027.
Figure 18. CISA Staffing, FY2016-FY2027

Source: CRS analysis of budget justification documents and data from the Office of Personnel Management
(OPM) Federal Workforce Data (FWD) website. “Actual Staffing” data are from OPM FWD: those for FY2016FY2025 are end-of-year values, while FY2026 is as of the end of March 2026. Funded Positions and Funded FTE
data are from FY2018-FY2027 DHS Congressional Justification documents.
Notes: * FY2026 represents part-year data for actual staffing. Final data on funded positions and FTE are not
available yet for FY2026. In all cases, funded positions and FTE only reflect those documented in the annual
appropriations request. The FY2019 funded positions and FTE reflect a downward adjustment due to the
separation of reorganization that took place in FY2020.

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
Figure 19. FEMA Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority

Source: CRS analysis of the FEMA Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, Fiscal Year 2027 Budget of the U.S.
Government: Appendix, and the explanatory statement accompanying the FY2026 Department of Homeland
Security Appropriations Act (P.L. 119-86).
Notes: Amounts do not include the effects of transfers, mandatory spending for fee-funded programs, offsetting
collections, or advance or supplemental appropriations. “Other” includes programs funded through the National
Flood Insurance Fund and the Radiological Emergency Preparedness Program (the latter of which does not
appear in the Departmental Scorekeeping Table as an appropriation offset by fees, but as a zero discretionary
appropriation).

The Administration’s $32.76 billion FY2027 gross discretionary budget request for FEMA is
more than double the size of any other DHS component’s request, due to a $28.38 billion request
for the Disaster Relief Fund. Setting this amount aside, the remaining $4.38 billion is $99 million
(2.2%) below the FY2026 requested level, and $678 million (13.4%) below the level of the
FY2025 continuing resolution. The FY2027 annual appropriations request included
•

$105 million (7.0%) less than was requested for FY2026 for FEMA Operations
and Support (O&S). The FY2027 request included a $33 million net increase to
cover increased pay and retirement costs and annualization of pay from prioryear initiatives.32

32 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional

Justification, April 3, 2026, p. FEMA-O&S-6. All DHS congressional justifications are available at
https://www.dhs.gov/publication/congressional-budget-justification-fiscal-year-fy-2027. Future references to this
document are by page number only.

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•

•

•

$1.9 billion (7.2%) more than was requested for FY2026 for the Disaster Relief
Fund (DRF). FEMA’s reporting on the funding needs for the DRF shows some
inconsistencies:
o The congressional justification documents for the DRF include few details on
the justification for the funding sought for the costs of major disasters, saying
only “The pay estimate for the DRF Major Disaster account remains
consistent with prior FYs,” and “The non-pay estimate for the DRF Major
Disasters activities is derived from a bottom-up process that utilizes FEMAprepared spend plans for previously declared catastrophic events as well as
an inflation adjusted, 10-year historical average for non-catastrophic major
disasters.”33 No other information is provided on the estimates or
methodologies involved.
o The estimates of the costs of catastrophic disasters included in the monthly
reporting for the DRF do not align with the projections FEMA made in its
statement of requirements for FY2026 DRF funding (which was released in
mid-April 2026). FEMA’s monthly reports on DRF activity also indicate that
“No adjustments have been made to the Fiscal Year 2026 funding
requirements for the Disaster Relief Fund.”34
o FEMA’s FY2027 request for the base budget of the DRF assumes the
availability of a higher level of unobligated carryover balances from FY2026
that exceed the current unobligated DRF base.35
$2 million (1.1%) more than was requested for FY2026 for FEMA Procurement,
Construction, and Improvements (PC&I). The increase is the net result of a $39
million increase for construction and facility improvements (largely for the
Mount Weather facility), offset by elimination of the Mission Support, Assets,
and Infrastructure activity and a $9 million reduction in the Operational
Communications/Information Technology activity.36
$1 million (0.1%) less than was requested for FY2026 for FEMA Federal
Assistance—$1.24 billion less than was enacted in FY2026 and $611 million less
than was enacted in the FY2025 continuing resolution. The Administration
repeated its push for more than $600 million in cuts to FEMA grant programs and
$8 million in savings from eliminating vacant positions.37 See Table A-1 for a
comparison of requested and enacted funding levels for the programs funded
through this appropriation.

In assessing the adequacy of the FEMA request, one may wish to consider that the FY2026
enacted measure transferred activities to FEMA from CWMD. In FY2026, FEMA received an
additional $79 million in O&S funding for former CWMD Mission, Capability, and Operational
Support, as well as $138 million in programs under the Federal Assistance appropriation: the
33 FEMA-DRF-23, FEMA-DRF-26.
34 Federal Emergency Management Agency, Disaster Relief Fund: Monthly Report, as of April 30, 2026, Fiscal Year

2026 Report to Congress, May 4, 2026, p. 17 (Appendix F); and Federal Emergency Management Agency, Disaster
Relief Fund: Fiscal Year 2026 Funding Requirements, Fiscal Year 2026 Report to Congress, April 15, 2026, Appendix.
Both reports are available at https://www.fema.gov/about/reports-and-data/disaster-relief-fund-monthly-reports.
35 The request assumes $843 million will be available in FY2027 to cover the anticipated costs of the DRF base.
FEMA’s monthly reporting on DRF balances projected $534 million would be available at the end of FY2026 as of the
end of April 2026.
36 FEMA-PC&I-3.
37 FEMA-FA-5.

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Biological Support Program ($84 million), Securing the Cities ($34 million), and training,
exercises and readiness ($20 million).38 The Administration’s FY2027 request does not reflect
these transfers.
FEMA received $12.88 billion in funding through P.L. 119-21. While most components receiving
reconciliation funding could use it for operations and procurement, all of FEMA’s $12.88 billion
was for highly specific grant programs. Figure 20 provides a visual comparison of planned
obligations reported in the FY2027 Budget Appendix and actual obligations shown in DHS’s SF133 budget activity reports.
The FY2027 Budget Appendix indicates $7.69 billion in obligations were planned for FY2026:
$1.69 billion from the Federal Assistance appropriation, and $6 billion from the State Border
Security Reimbursement Fund. A total of $5.19 billion in obligations were planned for FY2027
($1.19 billion and $4 billion, respectively). Budget execution reporting indicates that $875
million has been obligated as of the end of April 2026, all from the Federal Assistance
appropriation.
Figure 20. FEMA FY2025 Reconciliation Funding

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2027 Budget Appendix and SF-133 Reports on Budgetary Execution and Budgetary
Resources.
Notes: Due to deobligations and adjustments, total resources reported in SF-133s may not align precisely with
those reported in the Appendix.

Figure 21 provides a historical comparison between actual staffing levels for FEMA and the
number of funded positions and FTE, including part-year actual staffing data for FY2026.
Due to the nature of disaster response and recovery work, FEMA’s workforce relies a great deal
on long-term temporary employees and reservists, which can be seen in the higher number of
staff than permanent full-time positions, and the significantly higher number of FTEs (an
indicator of the volume of funded work) than permanent full-time positions as well.

38 “Explanatory Statement,” p. H1664.

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Some stakeholders have expressed concern noted that the reduction in staffing may have an
impact on FEMA’s operational capacity.39 OPM data indicate the lowest level of on-board staff
since 2020, and the FY2027 budget requests the lowest number of permanent positions in a
decade.
Figure 21. FEMA Staffing, FY2016-FY2027

Source: CRS analysis of budget justification documents and data from the Office of Personnel Management
(OPM) Federal Workforce Data (FWD) website. “Actual Staffing” data are from OPM FWD: those for FY2016FY2025 are end-of-year values, while FY2026 is as of the end of March 2026. Funded Positions and Funded FTE
data are from FY2018-FY2027 DHS Congressional Justification documents.
Notes: * FY2026 represents part-year data for actual staffing. Final data on funded positions and FTE are not
available yet for FY2026. In all cases, funded positions and FTE only reflect those documented in the annual
appropriations request.

39 See, for example, Eric Katz, “Officials Warn Disaster Response at Risk as Former and Current FEMA Leaders Clash

in Court Over Mass Staff Cuts,” Government Executive, February 26, 2026, https://www.govexec.com/workforce/
2026/02/officials-warn-disaster-response-risk-former-and-current-fema-leaders-clash-court-over-mass-staff-cuts/
411734/; and Justin Doubleday, “Concerns Mount over FEMA Staff Reductions,” Federal News Network, January 8,
2026, https://federalnewsnetwork.com/hiring-retention/2026/01/concerns-mount-over-fema-staff-reductions/.

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

Support Components (Title IV)
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)
Figure 22. USCIS Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority

Source: CRS analysis of the USCIS Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, Fiscal Year 2027 Budget of the U.S.
Government: Appendix, and the explanatory statement accompanying the FY2026 Department of Homeland
Security Appropriations Act (P.L. 119-86).
Notes: Amounts do not include the effects of transfers, mandatory spending for fee-funded programs, offsetting
collections, or advance or supplemental appropriations.

The Administration’s $113 million FY2027 gross annual appropriations request for USCIS was
$2 million (1.7%) above the FY2026 requested level, and $168 million (59.8%) below the level
of the FY2025 continuing resolution. The FY2027 annual appropriations request included
•

•

$2 million (1.7%) more than was requested for FY2026 for USCIS Operations
and Support. The FY2027 request included a net $1 million increase to cover
increased pay and retirement costs and annualization of pay from prior-year
initiatives.40
As was the case for the FY2026 request, no funding was requested for the USCIS
Federal Assistance appropriation, which had received $10 million (specifically
for Immigrant Integration Grants) under the FY2025 continuing resolution.

40 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional

Justification, April 3, 2026, p. CIS-O&S-4. All DHS congressional justifications are available at https://www.dhs.gov/
publication/congressional-budget-justification-fiscal-year-fy-2027.

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Figure 23 provides a historical comparison between actual staffing levels for USCIS and the
number of funded positions and FTE, including part-year actual staffing data for FY2026.
Figure 23. USCIS Staffing, FY2016-FY2027

Source: CRS analysis of budget justification documents and data from the Office of Personnel Management
(OPM) Federal Workforce Data (FWD) website. “Actual Staffing” data are from OPM FWD: those for FY2016FY2025 are end-of-year values, while FY2026 is as of the end of March 2026. Funded Positions and Funded FTE
data are from FY2018-FY2027 DHS Congressional Justification documents.
Notes: * FY2026 represents part-year data for actual staffing. Final data on funded positions and FTE are not
available yet for FY2026. In all cases, funded positions and FTE only reflect those documented in the annual
appropriations request.

Almost all USCIS personnel are funded through fee revenues, which USCIS receives under
appropriations in permanent law. Therefore, the reduction in staffing shown in FY2026’s partyear data is not a direct result of the lapse in appropriations or legislative action, but actions
within the executive branch.

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers (FLETC)
Figure 24. FLETC Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority

Source: CRS analysis of the FLETC Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, Fiscal Year 2027 Budget of the U.S.
Government: Appendix, and the explanatory statement accompanying the FY2026 Department of Homeland
Security Appropriations Act (P.L. 119-86).
Notes: Amounts do not include the effects of transfers, mandatory spending for fee-funded programs, offsetting
collections, or advance or supplemental appropriations.

The Administration’s $418 million FY2027 gross annual appropriations request for FLETC was
$20 million (5.0%) above the FY2026 requested level, and $40 million (10.7%) above the level of
the FY2025 continuing resolution. The FY2027 annual appropriations request included
•

•

$20 million (5.2%) more than was requested for FY2026 for FLETC Operations
and Support (O&S). The FY2027 request included $6 million to cover increased
pay and retirement costs and annualization of pay from prior-year initiatives.41
Less than $1 million (2.2%) more than was requested for FY2026 for FLETC
Procurement, Construction, and Improvements (PC&I). The FLETC PC&I
appropriation contains a series of small projects, all of which are distinct from the
FY2026 request. One of those is a $5 million first-stage investment into an
expansion of the Cheltenham Training Facility.42

These resources build on those provided in P.L. 119-21. The FY2025 reconciliation funding for
FLETC has been divided between O&S and PC&I appropriations, but some funding has been
41 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers, Fiscal Year 2027

Congressional Justification, April 3, 2026, p. FLETC-O&S-4. All DHS congressional justifications are available at
https://www.dhs.gov/publication/congressional-budget-justification-fiscal-year-fy-2027. Future references to this
document are by page number only.
42 FLETC-PCI-7.

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shifted between the accounts. Figure 25 provides a visual comparison of planned obligations
reported in the FY2027 Budget Appendix and actual obligations shown in DHS’s SF-133 budget
activity reports.
The FY2027 Budget Appendix indicates $543 million in obligations were planned for FY2026
($177 million in O&S and $366 million in PC&I), and $68 million in FLETC O&S obligations
were planned for FY2027. Budget execution reporting indicates that $136 million has been
obligated so far in FY2026 ($39 million in O&S and $97 million in PC&I), on top of $156
million obligated in FY2025.
Figure 25. FLETC FY2025 Reconciliation Funding

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2027 Budget Appendix and SF-133 Reports on Budgetary Execution and Budgetary
Resources.
Notes: Due to deobligations and adjustments, total resources reported in SF-133s may not align precisely with
those reported in the Appendix.

Figure 26 provides a historical comparison between actual staffing levels for FLETC and the
number of funded positions and FTE, including part-year actual staffing data for FY2026. Much
of FLETC’s operating budget is funded through reimbursements for the training it provides, so
the actual staffing would be expected to exceed the positions and FTE funded through annual
appropriations.

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Figure 26. FLETC Staffing, FY2016-FY2027

Source: CRS analysis of budget justification documents and data from the Office of Personnel Management
(OPM) Federal Workforce Data (FWD) website. “Actual Staffing” data are from OPM FWD: those for FY2016FY2025 are end-of-year values, while FY2026 is as of the end of March 2026. Funded Positions and Funded FTE
data are from FY2018-FY2027 DHS Congressional Justification documents.
Notes: * FY2026 represents part-year data for actual staffing. Final data on funded positions and FTE are not
available yet for FY2026. In all cases, funded positions and FTE only reflect those documented in the annual
appropriations request.

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

Science and Technology Directorate (S&T)
Figure 27. S&T Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority

Source: CRS analysis of the S&T Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, Fiscal Year 2027 Budget of the U.S.
Government: Appendix, and the explanatory statement accompanying the FY2026 Department of Homeland
Security Appropriations Act (P.L. 119-86).
Notes: Amounts do not include the effects of transfers, mandatory spending for fee-funded programs, offsetting
collections, or advance or supplemental appropriations.

The Administration’s $754 million FY2027 gross annual appropriations request for S&T was $5
million (0.7%) below the FY2026 requested level, and $12 million (1.6%) above the level of the
FY2025 continuing resolution. The FY2027 annual appropriations request included
•

•

•

$5 million (1.3%) more than was requested for FY2026 for S&T Operations and
Support. The FY2027 request included $6 million to cover increased pay and
retirement costs and annualization of pay from prior-year initiatives.43
$25 million (38.5%) less than was requested for FY2026 for S&T Procurement,
Construction, and Improvements. The primary driver of this change from the
FY2026 requested level was a $25 million reduction in the request for funding to
support closure of the Plum Island facility.
$15 million (4.7%) more than was requested for FY2026 for S&T Research and
Development. The primary driver of this change from the FY2026 requested

43 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional

Justification, April 3, 2026, p. S&T-O&S-5. All DHS congressional justifications are available at https://www.dhs.gov/
publication/congressional-budget-justification-fiscal-year-fy-2027. Future references to this document are by page
number only.

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level was an increase in Research, Development, and Innovation funding, largely
due to new projects and project increases within the Cyber, Infrastructure, and
National Resiliency activity.44
In assessing the adequacy of the S&T request, one may consider that the FY2026 enacted
measure transferred certain CWMD activities to S&T from that agency. Congress provided an
additional $4 million for research and development mission support to S&T O&S, and $50
million in Transformational Research and Development, Technical Forensics, and Capability
Development to S&T Research and Development.45
Figure 28 provides a historical comparison between actual staffing levels for S&T and the
number of funded positions and FTE, including part-year actual staffing data for FY2026.
Figure 28. S&T Staffing, FY2016-FY2027

Source: CRS analysis of budget justification documents and data from the Office of Personnel Management
(OPM) Federal Workforce Data (FWD) website. “Actual Staffing” data are from OPM FWD: those for FY2016FY2025 are end-of-year values, while FY2026 is as of the end of March 2026. Funded Positions and Funded FTE
data are from FY2018-FY2027 DHS Congressional Justification documents.
Notes: * FY2026 represents part-year data for actual staffing. Final data on funded positions and FTE are not
available yet for FY2026. In all cases, funded positions and FTE only reflect those documented in the annual
appropriations request.

44 S&T-R&D-64-65.
45 “Explanatory Statement,” p. H1664.

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

Office of Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction (CWMD)
Figure 29. CWMD Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority

Source: CRS analysis of the Departmental Overview Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, Fiscal Year 2027
Budget of the U.S. Government: Appendix, and the explanatory statement accompanying the FY2026 Department of
Homeland Security Appropriations Act (P.L. 119-86).
Notes: Amounts do not include the effects of transfers, mandatory spending for fee-funded programs, offsetting
collections, or advance or supplemental appropriations.

The Administration’s FY2027 request for CWMD, like the FY2026 request, proposed elimination
of CWMD, distributing its programs within DHS. The FY2027 request proposed:
•

•
•

Creating a new office within the CISA Infrastructure Security Division to house
“all of CWMD’s strategy, policy, risk, and detection architecture activities, as
well as threat and intelligence analysis functions,” as well as “the National
BioSurveillance Integration Center (NBIC), operational programs, federal
assistance, research and development, and testing and evaluation”;
Shifting procurement of large-scale radiation detection systems to CBP; and
Having DHS end users purchase their own portable detection systems.46

The FY2026 DHS appropriations act already had dismantled CWMD, transferring:
•

CBRN Risk/Detection Architecture and the National Biosurveillance Integration
Center to OSEM Operations and Support (O&S) (funded at $57 million);

46 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction, Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional

Justification, April 3, 2026, p. CWMD-5. All DHS congressional justifications are available at https://www.dhs.gov/
publication/congressional-budget-justification-fiscal-year-fy-2027.

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

•
•
•

•
•

•

Radiation Portal Monitor Mission Support to CBP O&S ($4 million);
Large-scale detection systems to CBP Procurement, Construction, and
Improvements (PC&I) ($36 million)
Portable detection system funding across components PC&I appropriations, with
TSA and the USSS each getting $1 million, and CBP and the USCG getting $2
million;
Mission, Capability and Operational Support to FEMA O&S ($79 million);
Training, exercises and readiness ($20 million) to FEMA’s Federal Assistance
appropriation, as well as the Securing the Cities Program ($34 million) and the
Biological Support Program ($84 million); and
Transformational Research and Development ($27 million), Technical Forensics
($2 million), and Detection Capability Development ($21 million) to S&T
Research and Development, with $4 million for mission support for the research
and development to S&T O&S.47

Figure 30 provides a historical comparison between actual staffing levels for CWMD and the
number of funded positions and FTE, including part-year actual staffing data for FY2026. The
elements of CWMD were reorganized on the way to establishment of the component in FY2019,
so staffing numbers for the years prior are not an equivalent comparison, as they reflect staffing
for the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office.
Figure 30. CWMD Staffing, FY2016-FY2027

Source: CRS analysis of budget justification documents and data from the Office of Personnel Management
(OPM) Federal Workforce Data (FWD) website. “Actual Staffing” data are from OPM FWD: those for FY2016FY2025 are end-of-year values, while FY2026 is as of the end of March 2026. Funded Positions and Funded FTE
data are from FY2018-FY2027 DHS Congressional Justification documents.

47 “Explanatory Statement,” p. H1664.

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

Notes: * FY2026 represents part-year data for actual staffing. Final data on funded positions and FTE are not
available yet for FY2026. In all cases, funded positions and FTE only reflect those documented in the annual
appropriations request.

Headquarters Components (Title I)
Revised Office of the Secretary and Executive Management (OSEM)
The Administration’s FY2027 budget request proposed combining the Office of the Secretary and
Executive Management, the DHS Management Directorate, and Intelligence, Analysis, and
Situational Awareness into a single component under the name of the Office of the Secretary and
Executive Management.48 To keep analysis of the original elements intact, this report refers to the
new component as “revised OSEM,” and its elements by their names as applied in FY2026
enacted DHS appropriations.
Analysis structured around the individual elements follows the revised OSEM staffing figure.
Separate historical staffing figures for the individual elements are not provided as OPM FWD
does not provide staffing information at that level of detail for DHS headquarters functions.
Figure 31. Revised OSEM Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority

Source: CRS analysis of the OSEM Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, Fiscal Year 2027 Budget of the U.S.
Government: Appendix, and the explanatory statement accompanying the FY2026 Department of Homeland
Security Appropriations Act (P.L. 119-86).

48 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of the Secretary and Executive Management, Fiscal Year 2027

Congressional Justification, April 3, 2026, p. OSEM-5. All DHS congressional justifications are available at
https://www.dhs.gov/publication/congressional-budget-justification-fiscal-year-fy-2027. Future references to this
document are by page number only.

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DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

Notes: Amounts do not include the effects of transfers, mandatory spending for fee-funded programs, offsetting
collections, or advance or supplemental appropriations. “Other” includes funding for the Federal Protective
Service, which is entirely offset by fees.

The Administration’s $4.67 billion FY2027 gross annual appropriations request for its proposed
revised OSEM was $31 million (0.7%) below the FY2026 requested level for its component
elements, and $89 million (1.9%) below the level of the FY2025 continuing resolution. The
FY2027 annual appropriations request included
•

•

•

$15 million (0.6%) less than was requested for FY2026 for revised OSEM
component Operations and Support (O&S). The FY2027 request included $12
million to cover increased pay and retirement costs and annualization of pay from
prior-year initiatives.49 The FY2027 budget request also makes programmatic
changes across the revised component, resulting in net reductions of more than
$104 million in pay costs, while adding a net $118 million in non-pay costs.50
$16 million (10.1%) less than was requested for FY2026 for revised OSEM
component Procurement, Construction, and Improvements. The primary driver of
this change from the FY2026 requested level was a net shift as a result of
reductions in requested funding for financial systems modernization ($41
million) and the IDENT/Homeland Advanced Recognition Technology51 activity
($25 million) and an increase for Human Resources Information Technology
($39 million).52
The request for the Federal Protective Service (FPS) was level with the FY2026
request.

In assessing the adequacy of the traditional OSEM O&S request, as noted above, one may wish to
consider that the FY2026 enacted measure transferred activities to OSEM from CWMD.
Congress transferred CBRN Risk/Detection Architecture and the National Biosurveillance
Integration Center to OSEM O&S, providing $57 million for FY2026.53
In addition to these resources, OSEM received resources through P.L. 119-21. The Office of the
Secretary received $2.1 billion in FY2025 reconciliation funding that was divided between its
Operations and Support (O&S) and Procurement, Construction, and Improvement (PC&I)
appropriations, and $10 billion was provided in a separate “Border Support” appropriation.
Figure 32 provides a visual comparison of planned obligations reported in the FY2027 Budget
Appendix and actual obligations shown in DHS’s SF-133 budget activity reports.
From the funding apportioned to traditional appropriations, the FY2027 Budget Appendix
indicates $1.19 billion in obligations were planned for FY2026 ($1.17 billion in O&S and $28
million in PC&I), and $543 million in O&S obligations were planned for FY2027. Budget
execution reporting indicates that $1.14 billion has been obligated thus far in FY2026 ($1.13
billion in O&S and $14 million in PC&I), on top of $7 million in O&S obligated in FY2025.

49 p. OSEM-O&S-6.
50 pp. OSEM-O&S-7-8.
51 The Homeland Advanced Recognition Technology program (HART) is the replacement for DHS’s Automated

Biometric Identification System, known as IDENT.
52 Comparison of OSEM-PC&I-6 and U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Management Directorate, Fiscal Year
2026 Congressional Justification, May 30, 2025, p. OSEM-5MGMT-PC&I-6.
53 “Explanatory Statement,” p. H1664.

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The $10 billion border support appropriation shows no planned obligations for FY2026 or
FY2027 in the FY2027 Budget Appendix. This account was used to pay DHS law enforcement
officers’ salaries during the FY2026 lapses in appropriations, as well as those of other DHS
personnel as of the beginning of April 2026.54 Roughly $8.62 billion was obligated to that end,
and with the enactment of the FY2026 appropriations for many DHS components on April 30, it
is likely those obligations will be recorded elsewhere and the balance in this account restored.55
(In addition to this ongoing “lapse mitigation” activity, $15 million was obligated from this
account in FY2025.)
Figure 32. OSEM FY2025 Reconciliation Funding

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2027 Budget Appendix and SF-133 Reports on Budgetary Execution and Budgetary
Resources.
Notes: Due to deobligations and adjustments, total resources reported in SF-133s may not align precisely with
those reported in the Appendix.

Figure 33 provides a historical comparison between actual staffing levels for revised OSEM
components and the number of funded positions and FTE, including part-year actual staffing data
for FY2026. The jump in staffing in FY2020 resulted from FPS being transferred to the
Management Directorate.56 The FY2027 budget request for the revised OSEM reports net
reductions of 215 positions and 421 FTE due to programmatic changes, including elimination of
219 funded vacancies. The OPM data seem to indicate possible underreporting of actual
personnel since FY2020 (which could be due to classified personnel totals not being reported).57
54

For details, please see CRS Report R48874, Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2026 State of
Play, by William L. Painter.
55 CRS analysis of the DHS FY2026 SF-133 Report on Budget Execution and Budgetary Resources. The reports are
available at https://portal.max.gov/portal/document/SF133/Budget/FACTS%20II%20%20SF%20133%20Report%20on%20Budget%20Execution%20and%20Budgetary%20Resources.html.
56 What appears to be a jump in funded positions and FTE prior to the FPS transfer is an artifact of the two-year lag in
reporting on those levels: FY2019 data are drawn from the FY2021 budget request, which includes the final statement
of funding from the most recently completed fiscal year at the time of its issuance. That same lag means FY2026
funded positions and FTE data are expected to become available in the FY2028 budget request.
57 The reduction in reported actual personnel in FY2026 may indicate a shift in reporting practices under the new OPM
FWD systems, or a significant reduction in on-board staff in the headquarters components.

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Figure 33. Revised OSEM Staffing, FY2016-FY2027

Source: CRS analysis of budget justification documents and data from the Office of Personnel Management
(OPM) Federal Workforce Data (FWD) website. “Actual Staffing” data are from OPM FWD: those for FY2016FY2025 are end-of-year values, while FY2026 is as of the end of March 2026. Funded Positions and Funded FTE
data are from FY2018-FY2027 DHS Congressional Justification documents.
Notes: * FY2026 represents part-year data for actual staffing. Final data on funded positions and FTE are not
available yet for FY2026. In all cases, funded positions and FTE only reflect those documented in the annual
appropriations request.

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Elements of Revised OSEM
Figure 34. Traditional OSEM Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority

Source: CRS analysis of the OSEM Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, Fiscal Year 2027 Budget of the U.S.
Government: Appendix, and the explanatory statement accompanying the FY2026 Department of Homeland
Security Appropriations Act (P.L. 119-86).
Notes: Amounts do not include the effects of transfers, mandatory spending for fee-funded programs, offsetting
collections, or advance or supplemental appropriations.

The Administration’s $267 million FY2027 gross annual appropriations request for traditional
OSEM activities was $58 million (17.9%) below the FY2026 requested level, and $137 million
(34%) below the level of the FY2025 continuing resolution. The FY2027 annual appropriations
request included
•

•

$58 million (17.9%) less than was requested for FY2026 for traditional OSEM
Operations and Support (O&S) activities. The primary driver for this reduction
from the FY2026 requested level was a $44 million reduction in the Office of
Strategy, Policy, and Plans, and a $21 million reduction in Management and
Oversight offices.
As in FY2026, the Administration requested no funding for traditional OSEM
Procurement, Construction and Improvement activities. Both the FY2025
continuing resolution, and the FY2026 enacted measure had provided $8 million,
which had supported the DHS Medical Information Exchange.

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In assessing the adequacy of the traditional OSEM O&S request, as noted above, one may
consider that the FY2026 enacted measure CBRN Risk/Detection Architecture and the National
Biosurveillance Integration Center to OSEM O&S, providing $57 million for FY2026.58
Figure 35. Traditional MD Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority

Source: CRS analysis of the OSEM Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, Fiscal Year 2027 Budget of the U.S.
Government: Appendix, and the explanatory statement accompanying the FY2026 Department of Homeland
Security Appropriations Act (P.L. 119-86).
Notes: Amounts do not include the effects of transfers, mandatory spending for fee-funded programs, offsetting
collections, or advance or supplemental appropriations. “Other” includes funding for the Federal Protective
Service, which is offset by fees.

The Administration’s $3.96 billion FY2027 gross annual appropriations request for traditional
MD activities was $31 million (0.8%) below the FY2026 requested level for its component
elements, and $52 million (1.3%) below the level of the FY2025 continuing resolution. The
FY2027 annual appropriations request included
•

•

$14 million (0.8%) less than was requested for FY2026 for traditional MD
Operations and Support (O&S) activities. Two of the primary drivers of the
reduction are reductions in the AI Corps/Solution Development staff ($33
million) and a reduction in sunset costs from the IDENT system ($32 million).59
$16 million (10.1%) less than was requested for FY2026 for traditional MD
Procurement, Construction, and Improvements (PC&I) activities. As noted
above, the primary driver of this change from the FY2026 requested level was a
net shift as a result of reductions in requested funding for financial systems

58 “Explanatory Statement,” p. H1664.
59 p. OSEM-O&S-7.

Congressional Research Service

43

DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

modernization ($41 million) and the IDENT/Homeland Advanced Recognition
Technology system ($25 million) and an increase for Human Resources
Information Technology ($39 million).
The request for the Federal Protective Service (FPS) was level with the FY2026 request.
Figure 36. Traditional IASA Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority

Source: CRS analysis of the OSEM Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, Fiscal Year 2027 Budget of the U.S.
Government: Appendix, and the explanatory statement accompanying the FY2026 Department of Homeland
Security Appropriations Act (P.L. 119-86).
Notes: Amounts do not include the effects of transfers, mandatory spending for fee-funded programs, offsetting
collections, or advance or supplemental appropriations.

The Administration’s $341 million FY2027 gross annual appropriations request for traditional
IASA activities was $47 million (12.1%) below the FY2026 requested level for its component
elements, and $5 million (1.3%) below the level of the FY2025 continuing resolution. Most of the
details of the IASA budget are classified.

Congressional Research Service

44

DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

Office of the Inspector General (OIG)
Figure 37. OIG Annual Gross Discretionary Budget Authority

Source: CRS analysis of the OIG Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification, Fiscal Year 2027 Budget of the U.S.
Government: Appendix, and the explanatory statement accompanying the FY2026 Department of Homeland
Security Appropriations Act (P.L. 119-86).
Notes: Amounts do not include the effects of transfers, mandatory spending for fee-funded programs, offsetting
collections, or advance or supplemental appropriations.

The Administration’s $198 million FY2027 gross annual appropriations request for the DHS OIG
was $36 million (15.3%) below the FY2026 requested level, and $22 million (10.0%) below the
level of the FY2025 continuing resolution. The FY2027 annual appropriations request included
$36 million (15.3%) less than was requested for FY2026 for CBP Operations and Support.
The proposed reduction had two parts.
•

•

The larger was an $18.5 million reduction in personnel, which would defund 85
positions (10%). According to the OIG, “This proposed reduction will impact the
OIG’s capacity to respond to the risk of fraud, waste, and abuse in DHS programs
and operations; undertake congressionally requested audits, inspections, and
investigations; and assist the Department in accomplishing its public safety and
national security mission.”60
The smaller reduction was an $8 million (25%) reduction in contracted support
for activities such as

60 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Inspector General, Fiscal Year 2027 Congressional Justification,

April 3, 2026, p. OIG-O&S-8. All DHS congressional justifications are available at https://www.dhs.gov/publication/
congressional-budget-justification-fiscal-year-fy-2027. Future references to this document are by page number only.

Congressional Research Service

45

DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

•

o cybersecurity testing;
o investigative digital forensics and analysis support;
o audit and inspection data analytics support; and
o information technology engineering and communications support.
According to the OIG, “This reduction will impact the OIG’s operations by
shifting audit and investigative efforts from the contracted workload to a limited
Federal workforce.”61

The FY2027 request included $5 million to cover increased pay and retirement costs and
annualization of pay from prior-year initiatives.62
Figure 38 provides a historical comparison between actual staffing levels for the DHS OIG and
the number of funded positions and FTE, including part-year actual staffing data for FY2026. The
OIG periodically receives funding by transfer to perform oversight on supplemental
appropriations, which is not reflected in the annually funded positions and FTE.
Figure 38. OIG Staffing, FY2016-FY2027

Source: CRS analysis of budget justification documents and data from the Office of Personnel Management
(OPM) Federal Workforce Data (FWD) website. “Actual Staffing” data are from OPM FWD: those for FY2016FY2025 are end-of-year values, while FY2026 is as of the end of March 2026. Funded Positions and Funded FTE
data are from FY2018-FY2027 DHS Congressional Justification documents.
Notes: * FY2026 represents part-year data for actual staffing. Final data on funded positions and FTE are not
available yet for FY2026. In all cases, funded positions and FTE only reflect those documented in the annual
appropriations request.

61 p. OIG-O&S-7.
62 p. OIG-O&S-5.

Congressional Research Service

46

DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2027

Appendix. Data Tables
Discretionary Funding
Table A-1 presents the requested gross discretionary budget authority63 for FY2027 for each DHS
component, as well as the funding level requested for and enacted in the FY2026 annual
appropriations act, and the FY2025 year-long continuing resolution.64
•

•
•

•

Analytical columns on the right side of the table provide the funding levels for
the enacted FY2026 DHS Appropriations Act, the budget request for FY2026,
and the year-long continuing resolution for FY2025. The two columns to the
right of each of these values indicate the change that the FY2027 request
proposes from that baseline, expressed in thousands of dollars and as a
percentage change.
Components are listed in the order in which they appear in the DHS
appropriations measures.
The first italicized row shows the funding level for the Administration’s proposed
consolidated DHS headquarters component, which includes OSEM, MD, and
IASA.
Other rows in italics beneath a component are noting resources made available
through special means: multi-year mandatory budget authority from the FY2025
reconciliation measure (P.L. 119-21); emergency-designated advance
appropriations from the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-56); or
disaster relief designated funding for FEMA’s Disaster Relief Fund.

63 This includes all discretionary appropriations, without reflecting offsets or rescissions.
64 The table reflects resources provided by P.L. 119-85.

Congressional Research Service

47

Table A-1. Component-Level Analysis of FY2027 DHS Budget Request
(Thousands of dollars of gross discretionary budget authority)

OSEM

FY2027
Request

FY2026
Annual
Enacted

FY2027
Request v.
FY2026
Annual
Enacted

267,263

345,206

-77,943

% change
from
FY2026
Annual
Enacted
-22.6%

FY2026
Request

FY2027
Request v.
FY2026
Request

% change
from
FY2026
Request

325,367

-58,104

-17.9%

P.L. 119-21a

FY2025
Annual
Enacted

FY2027
Request v.
FY2025
Annual
Enacted

% change
from
FY2025
Annual
Enacted

404,695

-137,432

-34.0%

12,055,000

MD

3,959,876

3,774,941

184,935

4.9%

3,990,565

-30,689

-0.8%

4,011,440

-51,564

-1.3%

IASAb

340,819

340,819

-

0.0%

387,637

-46,818

-12.1%

345,410

-4,591

-1.3%

Proposed
OSEM

4,672,323

4,460,966

211,357

4.7%

4,703,569

-31,246

-0.7%

4,761,545

-89,222

-1.9%

OIG

198,185

257,599

-59,414

-23.1%

234,058

-35,873

-15.3%

220,127

-21,942

-10.0%

CBP

18,896,619

12,134,898c

6,761,721c

55.7%c

19,755,925

-859,306

-4.3%

20,039,040

-1,142,421

-5.7%

10,042,062

n/ad

n/ad

n/ad

-

0.0%

P.L. 119-21a
ICE

64,726,000
10,881,035

-838,973

-7.7%

P.L. 119-21a

10,042,062
74,850,000

TSA

11,485,150

11,511,664

-26,514

-0.2%

11,353,309

131,841

1.2%

11,129,287

355,863

3.2%

USCG

14,147,331

13,166,030

981,301

7.5%

13,179,695

967,636

7.3%

12,122,548

2,024,783

16.7%

364,064

11.8%

-385,814

-13.4%

P.L. 119-21a
USSS

24,594,000
3,451,861

3,250,071

201,790

6.2%

3,294,853

157,008

4.8%

P.L. 119-21a
CISA

3,087,797
1,170,000

2,487,194

Advancee

2,605,098

-117,904

-4.5%

2,378,338

108,856

4.6%

20,000

2,873,008
20,000

FEMA

32,761,668

32,287,206

474,462

1.5%

30,925,991

1,797,677

5.9%

27,570,565

5,191,103

18.8%

Disastersf

28,379,000

26,367,000

2,012,000

7.6%

26,474,000

1,905,000

7.2%

22,510,000

5,869,000

26.1%

CRS-48

FY2027
Request

FY2026
Annual
Enacted

FY2027
Request v.
FY2026
Annual
Enacted

% change
from
FY2026
Annual
Enacted

FY2026
Request

FY2027
Request v.
FY2026
Request

% change
from
FY2026
Request

P.L. 119-21a

FY2025
Annual
Enacted

FY2027
Request v.
FY2025
Annual
Enacted

% change
from
FY2025
Annual
Enacted

12,875,000

Advancee

1,100,000

1,000,000

USCIS

112,995

122,941

-9,946

-8.1%

111,142

1,853

1.7%

281,140

-168,145

-59.8%

FLETC

417,516

398,137

19,379

4.9%

397,488

20,028

5.0%

377,200

40,316

10.7%

P.L. 119-21a
ST
CWMD

750,000
753,722

831,206

-77,484

-9.3%

758,754

-5,032

-0.7%

741,634

12,088

1.6%

—g

—

—

—

—

—

—

409,441

-409,441

-100.0%

Source: CRS analysis of the FY2027 DHS Budget Overview, the Fiscal Year 2027 Budget of the U.S. Government: Appendix, the explanatory statement accompanying P.L. 11958, and P.L. 119-21.
Notes: Component level appropriations for CBP and ICE remain unresolved. Numbers in parentheses are negative. A “-“ represents a zero value. “n/a” = Not
Applicable. P.L. 119-21 funding is available for multiple fiscal years, but was appropriated and became available in FY2025. Italicized lines are elements of the non-italicized
line above it. Total enacted includes annual, supplemental, and advance appropriations made available in the fiscal year.
a. References multi-year budget authority made available in the FY2025 reconciliation measure. Most of this funding is available for obligation through FY2029.
b. The request documents refer to this component as Analysis and Operations, but FY2025 and FY2026 appropriations materials refer to it as “Intelligence, Analysis,
and Situational Awareness.”
c. Annual appropriations for FY2026 for the U.S. Border Patrol have not been enacted as of this report’s publication.
d. Annual appropriations for FY2026 for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement have not been enacted as of this report’s publication.
e. References advance supplemental appropriations from P.L. 117-56 that become available in the given fiscal year.
f.
References resources included under the FEMA appropriation that are designated for the cost of major disasters and accommodated within discretionary spending
limits by the disaster relief allowable adjustment. For more information on the adjustment, see CRS In Focus IF10720, Calculation and Use of the Disaster Relief
Allowable Adjustment, by William L. Painter.
g. CWMD was reorganized in the FY2026 DHS appropriations act.

CRS-49

Table A-2. DHS Civilian Staffing, End-of-Fiscal Year Personnel On Board
FY2016

FY2017

FY2018

FY2019

FY2020

FY2021

FY2022

FY2023

FY2024

FY2025

FY2026*

DHSHQ

3,081

3,231

3,270

3,373

4,872

4,884

5,076

5,376

5,635

5,223

4,214

USCIS

15,349

16,654

17,761

19,208

19,225

18,089

19,119

20,558

22,004

21,962

19,925

USCG

8,305

8,499

8,631

8,619

8,797

9,043

9,199

9,511

9,677

9,225

8,875

USSS

6,415

6,743

7,191

7,463

7,526

7,811

7,788

7,689

8,066

8,269

8,277

OIG

677

759

779

746

695

733

748

755

795

752

679

ICE

19,223

19,695

19,850

20,009

20,747

20,715

20,167

20,224

20,606

22,799

30,102

TSA

59,853

60,746

62,692

63,750

60,567

60,443

61,555

62,948

64,433

65,629

62,144

CBP

58,951

58,950

59,736

61,238

63,356

63,949

63,621

64,546

66,514

67,488

68,269

FLETC

1,272

1,290

1,280

1,242

1,279

1,292

1,306

1,308

1,333

1,350

1,420

CISA/
NPPD

3,172

3,500

3,497

3,291

2,102

2,392

2,671

3,155

3,395

3,178

2,285

FEMA

14,745

17,732

19,872

20,220

21,020

22,580

22,146

23,122

24,348

23,903

21,117

DNDO/
CWMD

119

136

136

198

234

246

249

229

223

200

137

S&T

482

464

426

411

440

472

486

507

537

519

402

191,644

198,399

205,121

209,768

210,860

212,649

214,131

219,928

227,566

230,497

227,846

DHS
Total

Source: CRS compilation of data from FedScope and OPM FWD.
Notes: * FY2026 represents part-year data through the end of March 2026. DHSHQ = Office of the Secretary and Executive Management and Management Directorate.

CRS-50

Table A-3. DHS Funded Civilian Positions
FY2016

FY2017

FY2018

FY2019

FY2020

FY2021

FY2022

FY2023

FY2024

FY2025

FY2027*

DHSHQ

2,915

3,292

3,564

5,398

5,485

5,621

5,815

6,285

6,272

6,012

5,744

USCIS

16,432

18,190

18,196

19,470

20,398

18,339

22,181

22,809

24,449

25,241

25,067

USCG

8,577

8,712

8,785

8,778

9,048

9,369

9,447

9,678

9,808

9,924

10,397

USSS

6,714

6,772

7,150

7,650

7,777

7,896

8,105

8,305

8,382

8,582

9,239

OIG

867

854

760

760

773

773

809

809

809

809

724

ICE

20,960

19,776

21,105

21,104

21,327

21,499

21,778

21,190

21,781

21,781

21,828

TSA

55,415

56,465

57,510

58,530

59,503

59,601

58,456

61,932

61,844

61,524

53,199

CBP

63,230

63,103

59,734

61,627

63,240

63,609

64,685

66,971

69,379

69,739

69,608

FLETC

1,133

1,095

1,095

1,095

1,108

1,109

1,108

1,115

1,124

1,115

1,130

CISA/
NPPD

3,756

3,991

4,159

2,469

2,675

2,911

3,345

3,745

3,732

3,732

2,865

FEMA

5,205

5,302

5,351

5,307

5,374

5,391

5,629

6,054

6,240

5,830

4,894

DNDO/
CWMD

137

146

261

248

248

287

309

269

286

286

—

S&T

480

485

485

513

507

507

530

572

574

573

408

Source: DHS Congressional Justification documents, showing completed fiscal years, FY2018-FY2027
Notes: * FY2027 represents the requested level. DHSHQ = Office of the Secretary and Executive Management and Management Directorate.

CRS-51

Table A-4. DHS Funded Civilian Full-Time Equivalents
FY2016

FY2017

FY2018

FY2019

FY2020

FY2021

FY2022

FY2023

FY2024

FY2025

FY2027*

DHSHQ

2,859

3,071

3,300

4,978

5,079

5,295

5,422

5,779

5,918

5,920

5,499

USCIS

15,371

17,291

17,296

18,498

19,380

18,676

19,672

21,666

22,270

23,277

22,662

USCG

7,512

8,244

7,737

7,712

7,946

8,240

8,376

8,707

8,859

8,957

9,322

USSS

6,481

6,588

6,934

7,359

7,647

7,796

7,961

8,163

8,303

8,340

9,033

OIG

796

854

760

760

756

742

760

778

703

736

651

ICE

19,908

19,465

20,083

20,080

20,912

21,087

21,361

20,197

21,548

21,757

21,799

TSA

51,833

53,924

54,651

55,607

56,425

56,556

55,181

56,193

58,639

59,777

50,398

CBP

58,677

58,733

58,562

60,855

62,600

57,660

60,137

63,054

66,584

66,169

67,076

FLETC

1,106

1,068

1,068

1,068

1,081

1,082

1,081

1,085

1,093

1,088

1,101

CISA/
NPPD

3,178

3,374

3,592

1,976

2,158

2,365

2,655

3,222

3,294

3,294

2,528

FEMA

9,673

9,815

9,859

10,438

11,333

12,284

13,421

14,607

16,004

16,701

15,425

DNDO/
CWMD

137

146

240

232

232

267

279

252

263

263

—

S&T

480

485

485

473

499

499

511

544

565

565

400

Source: DHS Congressional Justification documents, showing completed fiscal years, FY2018-FY2027.
Notes: * FY2027 represents the requested level. DHSHQ = Office of the Secretary and Executive Management and Management Directorate.

CRS-52

Table A-5. Status of P.L. 119-21 Funding
(millions of dollars of budget authority)

FY2025
Mandatory
Appropriation

Appendix:
FY2025
Obligations

Appendix:
FY2026
Obligations

Appendix:
FY2027
Obligations

Appendix:
Projected
Remainder

SF-133:
FY2025
Obligations

SF-133:
FY2026
Obligations
(through
4/2026)

O&S

1,932

7

1,165

543

217

7.30

1,130.77

889.40

PC&I

123

—

28

—

95

—

13.76

13.76

Border Support

10,000

15

—

—

9,985

15.00

8,617.51

1,367.49

O&S

8,006

98

1,428

1,644

4,836

97.89

928.30

6,965.19

PC&I

56,720

5,312

46,669

3,801

938

5,316.49

21,513.79

29,915.57

O&S

74,113

1,138

35,330

20,377

17,268

1,138.17

5,616.59

51,971.16

PC&I

737

—

564

—

173

—

5,847.17

11,090.49

O&S

2,275

96

940

1,102

137

103.15

693.06

1,405.21

PC&I

22,319

1,974

15,391

3,436

1,518

2,190.97

6,665.60

14,048.20

O&S

358

not recorded

not recorded

not recorded

358

0.25

57.65

389.96

PC&I

812

39

not recorded

not recorded

773

39.00

49.21

633.95

FA

2,875

—

1,690

1,185

—

—

875.00

2,000.00

State Border Security
Reimbursement Fund

10,000

—

6,000

4,000

—

—

—

10,000.00

O&S

285

40

177

68

—

39.84

39.19

206.00

PC&I

465

98

366

—

1

116.25

96.68

271.43

Account
OSEM

CBP

ICE

USCG

USSS

FEMA

FLETC

SF-133:
Reported
Net
Unobligated
Balance

Source: FY2027 Budget of the United States Government, Appendix; DHS SF-133 Reports for FY2025 and FY2026.
Notes: OSEM = Office of the Secretary and Executive Management; CBP = U.S. Customs and Border Protection; ICE = U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
USCG = U.S. Coast Guard; USSS = U.S. Secret Service; FEMA = Federal Emergency Management Agency; FLETC = Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers; O&S =
Operations and Support; PC&I = Procurement, Construction, and Improvements. “-“ denotes a zero value. The Appendix entries for the USSS did not provide the detail
needed to trace funding from P.L. 119-21 in FY2026 or FY2027.

CRS-53

FEMA Grants
Table A-6. FEMA Grants and Education,Training, and Exercises
(Thousands of dollars of budget authority)
FY2025
Enacted

FY2026
Request

FY2026
Enacted

FY2027
Request

Grants
State Homeland Security Grant Program

468,000

351,000

494,000

(Operation Stonegarden)

81,000

85,500

(Tribal Homeland Security Grants)

13,500

14,250

351,000

Urban Area Security Initiative

553,500

415,500

584,250

415,500

Nonprofit Security Grant Program

274,500

274,500

300,000

274,500

Public Transportation Security Assistance

94,500

50,000

99,750

50,000

(Amtrak Security)

9,000

9,500

(Over-the-Road Bus Security)

1,800

1,900

Port Security Grants

90,000

50,000

95,000

50,000

Assistance to Firefighter Grants

324,000

324,000

342,000

324,000

Staffing for Adequate Fire and Emergency Response (SAFER) Grants

324,000

324,000

342,000

324,000

Emergency Management Performance Grants

319,500

319,500

337,250

319,500

Flood Hazard Mapping and Risk Analysis Program

281,475

281,475

297,113

281,475

Regional Catastrophic Preparedness

10,800

11,400

High Risk Dam Safety

11,400

Emergency Food and Shelter

117,000

123,500

Next Generation Warning System

40,000

48,000

Community Project Funding grants
Subtotal, Grants

CRS-54

272,672
2,897,275

2,389,975

3,358,335

2,389,975

FY2025
Enacted

FY2026
Request

FY2026
Enacted

FY2027
Request

Education, Training, and Exercises
Center for Domestic Preparedness

71,352

72,490

85,711

72,288

Center for Homeland Defense and Security

16,200

16,200

17,100

16,200

Emergency Management Institute

32,240

30,805

33,366

30,351

U.S. Fire Administration

59,975

64,166

72,140

63,602

National Domestic Preparedness Consortium

90,900

95,950

Continuing Training Grants

14,400

15,200

National Exercise Program

20,920

19,881

21,266

CWMD Biological Support Program

83,657

CWMD Securing the Cities

34,465

CWMD Training, Exercises, and Readiness

19,559

Subtotal, Education, Training, and Exercises
Subtotal, Federal Assistance

19,732

305,987

203,542

478,414

202,173

3,203,262

2,593,517

3,836,749

2,592,148

Source: CRS analysis of DHS appropriations detail tables and the FY2027 DHS Budget Overview.
Notes: Items in italics are carveouts within the grant program listed above it in normal text. “CWMD” designates elements transferred to FEMA in FY2027 as a part of
the reorganization that eliminated the Offic

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/crs%3AR48979. Public record. Not legal advice.