# Section-by-Section Summary of the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2025 (Division A of P.L. 119-4)

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URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/crs%3AR48517

## Record

- **Collection:** Congressional research report
- **Document type:** Reports
- **Published:** April 25, 2025
- **Citation:** R48517

## Text

Section-by-Section Summary of the Full-Year
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2025
(Division A of P.L. 119-4)
April 25, 2025

Congressional Research Service
https://crsreports.congress.gov
R48517

SUMMARY

Section-by-Section Summary of the Full-Year
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2025 (Division
A of P.L. 119-4)
On March 15, 2025, the President signed H.R. 1968—the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations
and Extensions Act, 2025—into law as P.L. 119-4. Division A of the act—the Full-Year
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2025—provides continuing appropriations for all 12 regular
appropriations acts through the end of FY2025 (September 30, 2025). Division B of the act
(“Health”) includes various extensions of authorizations and other legislative provisions related
to several agencies and programs, projects, and/or activities.

R48517
April 25, 2025
Drew C. Aherne,
Coordinator
Analyst on Congress and
the Legislative Process

Continuing resolutions (CRs) covering some or all of the regular appropriations acts through the end of the fiscal year are
commonly referred to as “full-year CRs.” The full-year CR enacted for FY2025 is the fourth full-year CR enacted since
FY2000. Full-year CRs were also enacted to provide continuing appropriations for some of the regular appropriations acts in
FY2007, FY2011, and FY2013. Prior to FY2000, full-year CRs were enacted to cover some or all of the regular
appropriations acts in 12 of the fiscal years between FY1978 and FY1992.
The Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2025, generally continues most of the funding decisions made by Congress for
FY2024 by providing funding for FY2025 in the same amounts and under the same authorities and conditions as provided for
in the 12 regular appropriations acts enacted for FY2024, unless specified otherwise. This means that, generally, the measure
provides the same amount of budget authority to each account funded in appropriations acts for FY2024. It also means that,
unless specified otherwise, requirements, authorities, conditions, limitations, or other provisions established in FY2024
appropriations acts generally continue to apply under the CR.
The CR does make various changes for FY2025. The measure includes several provisions—known as “anomalies”—that
establish exceptions to or deviations from the general funding provided by the CR for certain accounts or activities. It also
includes several provisions extending or amending existing provisions of law.
Division A of P.L. 119-4 is organized into 13 titles. Title I (“General Provisions”) consists mostly of provisions establishing
the general parameters of the funding provided in the act. The other 12 titles of the measure (Titles II-XIII) contain agency-,
account-, and/or program-specific provisions that establish exceptions to or deviate from the general funding provided by the
CR for certain accounts or activities (“anomalies”), as well as other legislative provisions related to extending or amending
existing law. Titles II-XIII are each named after one of the regular appropriations acts and pertain only to accounts within that
respective act.

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Summary of the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2025

Contents
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1
Background and Legislative History ............................................................................................... 2
Summary of Division A of P.L. 119-4 ............................................................................................. 3
General Provisions .................................................................................................................... 4
Section 1101—Coverage and Funding Levels .................................................................... 5
Section 1102—Appropriations Available to Extent and in Manner as Provided by
FY2024 Appropriations Acts ........................................................................................... 5
Section 1103—Multi-Year and No-Year (“X”-Year) Availability....................................... 5
Section 1104—No Funds for Projects and Activities Specifically Prohibited in
FY2024 ............................................................................................................................ 6
Section 1105—Continuation of Requirements, Authorities, Conditions,
Limitations, and Other Provisions ................................................................................... 6
Section 1106—Expiration Date .......................................................................................... 6
Section 1107—Spending Under Previous CRs Charged to Applicable
Appropriations Accounts ................................................................................................. 6
Section 1108—Authorization Requirements ...................................................................... 6
Section 1109—Appropriated Entitlements and Other Mandatory Payments ..................... 6
Section 1110—Continuation of Emergency and Disaster Relief Designations .................. 8
Section 1111—Exclusion of Funding for FY2024 Earmarks ............................................. 9
Section 1112—Advance Appropriations ............................................................................. 9
Section 1113—Agency Submission of Spending, Expenditure, or Operating Plans ........ 10
Section 1114—OMB Reports on Obligations ................................................................... 10
Section 1115—U.S. Parole Commission .......................................................................... 10
Section 1116—Transferred Funds Designated as an Emergency Requirement
Retain Emergency Designation....................................................................................... 11
Agency-, Account-, and Program-Specific Provisions ................................................................... 11
Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related
Agencies ................................................................................................................................ 11
Section 1201—Reduction in Funding for FY2024 Earmarks ............................................ 11
Section 1202—Increases in Appropriations for FY2025 .................................................. 12
Section 1203—Livestock Mandatory Reporting Act ........................................................ 12
Section 1204—Reduction in Funding for FY2024 Earmarks from Nonrecurring
Expenses Fund ............................................................................................................... 12
Section 1205—Agricultural Credit Insurance Fund Program ........................................... 13
Section 1206—Rural Development Programs .................................................................. 13
Section 1207—Agricultural Disaster Assistance .............................................................. 13
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies ............................................................... 14
Section 1101(a)(2)—General Provisions .......................................................................... 14
Section 1301—Reductions for Select CJS Accounts ........................................................ 14
Section 1302—Increases for Select CJS Accounts ........................................................... 15
Department of Defense (DOD) ............................................................................................... 15
Section 1401—Selected Military Personnel Accounts ..................................................... 15
Section 1402—Selected Operation and Maintenance Accounts ....................................... 16
Section 1403—Selected Procurement Accounts ............................................................... 16
Section 1404—Shipbuilding and Conversion Account .................................................... 16
Section 1405—Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Accounts ......................... 16

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Section 1406—Revolving and Management Funds.......................................................... 16
Section 1407—Other Accounts......................................................................................... 17
Section 1408—Intelligence Community Management Account....................................... 17
Section 1409—“New Start” Authorities ........................................................................... 17
Section 1410—Classified Annex ...................................................................................... 17
Section 1411—”80-20” Limitation Modification ............................................................. 17
Section 1412—General Transfer Authority Increase ........................................................ 17
Section 1413—Federally Funded Research and Development Center Funding ............... 18
Section 1414—Defense Security Cooperation Agency Funding ...................................... 18
Section 1415—Prior-Year Recissions ............................................................................... 18
Section 1416—Current-Year Recissions........................................................................... 18
Section 1417—Cost to Complete Funding for Certain Shipbuilding Programs ............... 18
Section 1418—Multi-Year Procurement Authority .......................................................... 18
Section 1419—National Defense Reserve Fleet Funding ................................................. 19
Section 1420—Office of Strategic Capital Pilot ............................................................... 19
Section 1421—Combatant Command Transfer Funding .................................................. 19
Section 1422—Operating Plan ......................................................................................... 19
Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies .......................................................... 19
Section 1101(a)(4)—FY2025 Energy and Water Development and Related
Agencies Appropriations Act Funding and Exceptions ................................................. 19
Section 1501—Reduction in Reclamation and DOE Funding for FY2024
Earmarks ........................................................................................................................ 20
Section 1502—Changes in DOE Funding Amounts ......................................................... 20
Section 1503—U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Work Plan ............................................... 20
Section 1504—Uranium Enrichment Decontamination and Decommissioning
Fund ............................................................................................................................... 21
Section 1505—Clarification of Final Bill Amounts ......................................................... 21
Section 1506—Reclamation Northwestern New Mexico Rural Water Project
Authorization ................................................................................................................. 21
Section 1507—WIIN Act Funding Allocations ................................................................ 21
Section 1508—Naval Examination Acquisition Project ................................................... 22
Section 1509—Funding Uses for Weapons Activities ...................................................... 22
Financial Services and General Government .......................................................................... 22
Section 1101(5)—Rescissions .......................................................................................... 22
Section 1601—Reduction in Funding for FY2024 Earmarks ........................................... 23
Section 1602—Changes in FSGG Funding levels for FY2025 ........................................ 23
Section 1603—General Services Administration Pre-Election Presidential
Transition Funding ......................................................................................................... 24
Section 1604—SBA Disaster Loans Program Account .................................................... 24
Section 1605—Continued Pay Freeze for Certain Senior Political Officials ................... 24
Section 1606—Treasury Cybersecurity Enhancement Account Transfer Authority......... 25
Section 1607—Federal Communications Commission Universal Service Fund ............. 25
Section 1608—Technical Adjustment (Allowance) for Estimating Differences .............. 25
Department of Homeland Security.......................................................................................... 25
Section 1101(a)(6)—Authorization Extensions ................................................................ 25
Section 1701—Funding Changes: ICE, TSA, USCG, and FEMA, Including the
Disaster Relief Fund ...................................................................................................... 26
Section 1702—Polar Icebreaker Acquisition Fix.............................................................. 26
Section 1703—USCG Senior Enlisted Ratio .................................................................... 27
Section 1704—Secret Service Premium Pay .................................................................... 27

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Summary of the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2025

Section 1705—USCG Towing Fee Collection ................................................................. 27
Section 1706—Rescission of Unobligated Funds............................................................. 27
Section 1707—Nonrecurring Expenses Fund Rescission ................................................. 27
Section 1708—FEMA Grant Offset .................................................................................. 28
Section 1709—National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Reauthorization.................... 28
Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies............................................ 28
Section 1101(a)(7)—Exclusion from Coverage of Certain Provisions in FY2024
Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act ................................. 28
Section 1801—Account Reductions ................................................................................. 29
Section 1802—Account Increases .................................................................................... 29
Section 1803—Indian Health Service, Indian Health Services Account .......................... 29
Section 1804—Indian Health Service, Indian Health Facilities Account ......................... 29
Section 1805—Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation ......................................... 30
Section 1806—Wildland Fire Suppression ....................................................................... 30
Section 1807—Wildland Firefighter Pay .......................................................................... 30
Section 1808—Historic Preservation Fund....................................................................... 31
Section 1809—Contribution Authority for Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
and Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement ................................................ 31
Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related
Agencies ............................................................................................................................... 32
Section 1101(a)(8)—Exceptions to the Section 1101 Formula for LHHS........................ 32
Section 1901—Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) ............................................................. 34
Section 1902—Program Integrity Adjustments ................................................................ 34
Section 1903—Dislocated Worker National Reserve Rescission ..................................... 35
Section 1904—Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network Fees .......................... 35
Section 1905—National Institutes of Health (NIH) Innovation Account ......................... 36
Section 1906—Prevention and Public Health Fund Transfers.......................................... 36
Section 1907—Breast Cancer Screening Recommendations ........................................... 36
Section 1908—DOL, HHS and ED—Elimination of Funding Related to
Earmarks ........................................................................................................................ 37
Section 1909—Account Maintenance Fees ...................................................................... 38
Section 1910—Corporation for National and Community Service .................................. 38
Section 1911—Social Security Administration Limitation on Administrative
Expenses ........................................................................................................................ 38
Section 1912—Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and Related
Programs ........................................................................................................................ 39
Legislative Branch .................................................................................................................. 39
Section 1101(a)(9)—Exclusion from Coverage of Certain Provisions in the
FY2024 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act............................................................ 39
Section 11001—Adjusting Funding for the Senate .......................................................... 40
Section 11002—Adjusting Funding for the House of Representatives ............................ 40
Section 11003—Adjusting Funding for Certain Other Legislative Branch
Accounts ........................................................................................................................ 40
Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies .............................................. 40
Section 1101(a)(10)—Exemptions from Certain Rescissions .......................................... 40
Section 11101—Department of Defense Military Construction Accounts
(MILCON) ..................................................................................................................... 41
Section 11102—Family Housing Construction Accounts................................................. 41
Section 11103—Family Housing Operations and Maintenance ....................................... 41
Section 11104—Application of Section 126 of Division A of P.L. 118-42....................... 41

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Section 11105—Various Sections of Division A of P.L. 118-42 Shall Not Apply
for FY2025..................................................................................................................... 41
Section 11106—Access Road Project at Arlington National Cemetery ........................... 42
Section 11107—Changing Amounts to Various Military Construction Accounts
(MILCON)for the ......................................................................................................... 42
Section 11108—Various Provisions in Title I of Division A of P.L. 118-42 Shall
Not Apply....................................................................................................................... 42
Section 11109—Advance Appropriations for FY2026 ..................................................... 42
Section 11110—Additional Amounts Over FY2025 Advance Appropriations................. 42
Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs........................................... 43
Section 1101(a)(11)—Exclusion of Certain Rescissions .................................................. 43
Section 11201—Millennium Challenge Corporation ....................................................... 43
Section 11202—Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction
(SIGAR)......................................................................................................................... 43
Section 11203—International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC) ...................... 43
Section 11204—Funding Adjustments ............................................................................. 43
Section 11205—Exclusion of Selected Provisions ........................................................... 44
Section 11206—Changes to Selected General Provisions ................................................ 44
Section 11207—Rescission Adjustments.......................................................................... 44
Section 11208—Extensions .............................................................................................. 44
Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies ............................. 45
Section 1101(a)(12)—Exclusion from Coverage of Certain Provisions in FY2024
Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies
Appropriations Act......................................................................................................... 45
Section 11301—Reductions in Funding for FY2024 Earmarks ....................................... 45
Section 11302—DOT Obligation Limitations .................................................................. 46
Section 11303—Funding Increases Relative to FY2024 .................................................. 47
Section 11304—Elimination of FY2024 DOT Rescissions, Funding Direction .............. 48
Section 11305—Repurpose Authority for Homelessness Funding ................................... 48

Contacts
Author Information........................................................................................................................ 48

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Summary of the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2025

Introduction
Congress makes decisions on discretionary spending through an annual appropriations process,
which currently involves the development and consideration of 12 regular appropriations acts for
each fiscal year.1 The regular appropriations acts provide funding for each fiscal year to support
the operations of most federal agencies and most of the programs, projects, and activities each
carries out. If regular appropriations are not enacted before the October 1 start of the fiscal year,
continuing appropriations acts—often referred to as continuing resolutions, or CRs—may be
enacted to provide temporary funding until appropriations for the full fiscal year are enacted.2
In most fiscal years, Congress has completed the appropriations process by enacting the 12
regular appropriations acts either separately or as part of consolidated appropriations measures
(often referred to as “omnibus” or “minibus” appropriations acts). On occasion, however,
Congress has completed the appropriations process by enacting a CR covering some or all of the
regular appropriations acts through the end of the fiscal year. These measures are often referred to
as “full-year CRs.”
On March 15, 2025, the President signed H.R. 1968—the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations
and Extensions Act, 2025—into law as P.L. 119-4. Division A of the act—the Full-Year
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2025—provides continuing appropriations for all 12 regular
appropriations acts through the end of FY2025 (September 30, 2025). Division B of the act
(“Health”) includes various extensions of authorizations and other legislative provisions related to
several agencies and programs, projects, and/or activities.
Division A of P.L. 119-4 generally continues most of the funding decisions made by Congress for
FY2024 by providing funding for FY2025 in the same amounts and under the same authorities
and conditions as provided for in the 12 regular appropriations acts enacted for FY2024, unless
specified otherwise.
The CR does make various changes for FY2025. The measure includes several provisions—
known as “anomalies”—that establish exceptions to or deviations from the general funding
provided by the CR for certain accounts or activities. It also includes several provisions extending
or amending existing provisions of law.3
The full-year CR enacted for FY2025 is the fourth full-year CR enacted since FY2000. Full-year
CRs were also enacted for FY2007 (covering nine of the regular appropriations acts), FY2011
(covering 11 of the regular appropriations acts), and FY2013 (covering seven of the regular
1 The federal fiscal year runs from October 1 of one calendar year through September 30 of the following calendar

year.
The federal budget process distinguishes between discretionary spending, which is provided and controlled through
appropriations acts, and direct (or mandatory) spending, which is provided or effectively controlled through authorizing
laws. For more information on the appropriations process, see CRS Report R47106, The Appropriations Process: A
Brief Overview, by James V. Saturno and Megan S. Lynch.
Appropriations bills provide agencies with budget authority, which is defined as the authority provided by federal law
to enter into contracts or other financial obligations that will result in the immediate or future expenditure (outlay) of
federal funds. For more on these terms, see CRS CRS In Focus IF12105, Introduction to Budget Authority, by James V.
Saturno.
2 Continuing appropriations acts are often referred to as “continuing resolutions” (CRs) because they have historically
been enacted in the form of joint resolutions. For more on CRs, see CRS Report R46595, Continuing Resolutions:
Overview of Components and Practices, coordinated by James V. Saturno.
3 Regular appropriations acts enacted for FY2024 include Divisions A-F of P.L. 118-42 and Divisions A-F of P.L. 11847.

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appropriations acts).4 Prior to FY2000, full-year CRs were enacted to cover some or all of the
regular appropriations acts in 12 of the fiscal years between FY1978 and FY1992.5
This report summarizes Division A of P.L. 119-4, the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act,
2025. As is typical with CRs, Division A of P.L. 119-4 includes several provisions that are
specific to certain agencies, accounts, and/or programs. The section of this report titled “Agency-,
Account-, and Program-Specific Provisions” summarizes each of these provisions included in the
CR, organized by regular appropriations act.
This report includes contributions from several CRS experts. Contact information for the authors
contributing to this report, as specified in the accompanying footnotes, and other CRS
appropriations experts can be found in CRS Report R42638, Appropriations: CRS Experts.

Background and Legislative History
None of the regular appropriations acts for FY2025 were enacted prior to the start of the fiscal
year on October 1, 2024. As a result, a CR (Division A of P.L. 118-83) was enacted on September
26, 2024, to provide interim funding for programs and activities funded by all 12 regular
appropriations acts through December 20, 2024.6 Prior to the start of the fiscal year, the House
Appropriations Committee reported its version of all 12 of the regular appropriations bills for
FY2025, and the House had passed five.7 The Senate Appropriations Committee reported its
version of 11 of the 12 regular appropriations bills for FY2025, but the Senate did not consider
any of them on the floor.8
The continuing appropriations provided by the initial CR were extended through March 14, 2025,
by a second CR—the Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2025 (Division A of P.L. 118158)—enacted on December 21, 2024. Neither the House nor the Senate took further formal
action on appropriations legislation for FY2025 until the introduction of the full-year CR for
FY2025.
On March 8, 2025, the House Appropriations Committee issued a press release that included the
draft text of the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025.9 The measure
was formally introduced in the House as H.R. 1968 on March 10, 2025. On March 11, 2025, the
House considered H.R. 1968 pursuant to a special rule (H.Res. 211). No amendments to the

4 P.L. 110-5 (FY2007), Division B of P.L. 112-10 (FY2011), and Division F of P.L. 113-6 (FY2013).
5 For more information on full-year CRs enacted historically, see the section titled “Features of Full-Year CRs Since

FY1977” in CRS Report R46595, Continuing Resolutions: Overview of Components and Practices, coordinated by
James V. Saturno.
6 For a summary of the CR enacted in Division A of P.L. 118-83, see CRS Report R48214, Overview of Continuing
Appropriations for FY2025 (Division A of P.L. 118-83), by Drew C. Aherne.
7 The House considered a sixth regular appropriations bill on initial consideration—the Legislative Branch
Appropriations Act, 2025 (H.R. 8772)—but it failed on passage by a vote of 205-213 on July 11, 2024.
8 The Senate Appropriations Committee did not report its version of the FY2025 Department of Homeland Security
appropriations act. Instead, on November 14, 2024, the chair of the Senate Appropriations Committee issued a press
release containing links to draft bill text, explanatory statement, Congressionally Directed Spending disclosure table,
and bill summary information for the draft Senate FY2025 Homeland Security appropriations bill. See Senate
Appropriations Committee, “Bill Summary: Homeland Security Fiscal Year 2025 Appropriations Bill,” press release,
November 13, 2024, https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/majority/bill-summary-homeland-security-fiscalyear-2025-appropriations-bill.
9 See House Appropriations Committee, “Committee Releases Bill to Keep Government Open, Working for the
American People,” press release, March 8, 2025, https://appropriations.house.gov/news/press-releases/committeereleases-bill-keep-government-open-working-american-people.

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measure were considered on the floor, and the House passed the measure by a vote of 217-213
later that evening.10
On March 14, 2025, the Senate voted to invoke cloture on H.R. 1968 by a vote of 62-38. The
Senate subsequently considered four amendments to the measure, none of which were agreed to,
and passed H.R. 1968 without amendment by a vote of 54-46.11 The President signed the measure
into law as P.L. 119-4 on March 15, 2025.

Summary of Division A of P.L. 119-4
Most of the funding provided by the FY2025 full-year CR is based on the funding levels,
authorities, and conditions enacted in the 12 regular appropriations acts for FY2024. This means
that, unless specified otherwise, the measure provides the same amount of budget authority to
each account funded in appropriations acts for FY2024. It also means that, unless specified
otherwise, the requirements, authorities, conditions, limitations, or other provisions established in
FY2024 appropriations acts generally continue to apply under the CR.
The funding provided in the FY2025 full-year CR deviates in several ways from the FY2024
appropriations acts, however. For instance, it explicitly excludes certain provisions enacted in
FY2024 appropriations acts and includes funding for certain programs or activities not funded in
FY2024. It also adjusts amounts provided to certain accounts for FY2025 and/or establishes,
repeals, or amends provisions related to such accounts. Furthermore, the CR explicitly excludes
funding for Community Project Funding (CPF) or Congressionally Directed Spending (CDS)
items (known as “earmarks”) funded in FY2024 appropriations acts. It also does not include
funding for FY2025 CPF and/or CDS items included in the House and/or Senate versions of the
FY2025 appropriations acts or the reports accompanying those acts.
As with other full-year CRs enacted in recent decades, the full-year CR for FY2025 is not
accompanied by any explanatory text, either in the form of a committee report, joint explanatory
statement, or conference report. As a consequence, the House and Senate Appropriations
Committee reports accompanying each chamber’s version of the FY2025 regular appropriations
acts do not apply to the CR unless specified otherwise. The measure also does not include the
limitations on agency obligations typical of short-term (or interim) CRs that are intended to
preserve Congress’s ability to subsequently make final, full-year funding decisions.12
According to the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) cost estimate of the measure, it provides a
total of $1.60 trillion in base discretionary budget authority for FY2025.13 This includes $892.50
billion in base defense (“security”) discretionary budget authority and $707.97 billion in base
nondefense (“nonsecurity”) discretionary budget authority. These amounts, as estimated by CBO,
10 Record of this vote is available at https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/202570. H.Res. 211 provided that, upon its adoption,

an amendment proposed by the chair of the House Appropriations Committee would be considered as adopted. Text of
this amendment can be found at the end of the Rules Committee report accompanying H.Res. 211 (H.Rept. 119-15).
11 Record of this vote is available at https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1191/
vote_119_1_00133.htm.
12 For more on these limitations, see the section titled “Purpose for Funds and Restrictions on New Activities” in CRS
Report R46595, Continuing Resolutions: Overview of Components and Practices, coordinated by James V. Saturno.
13 “Base” budget authority refers to budget authority that counts for the purpose of enforcing statutory limits on
discretionary spending, such as those established for FY2024 and FY2025 in the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023
(FRA, P.L. 118-5).
According to CBO, these totals include a total of $298 million in base FY2025 budget authority provided in previously
enacted CRs for FY2025. CBO, H.R. 1968, Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025, March 11,
2025, https://www.cbo.gov/publication/61248.

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are below the statutory limits on discretionary spending (“caps”) in effect for each category for
FY2025.14 In addition, CBO estimates that the measure provides a total of $47.16 billion in
FY2025 budget authority for purposes that are effectively exempt from the enforcement of the
caps (including $6.62 billion in the defense discretionary category and $40.55 billion in the
nondefense discretionary category).15 Taking these exempted amounts into account—as well as
certain other amounts that, under the law, are not counted toward the caps—CBO estimates that
the measure provides a total of $1.72 trillion in discretionary budget authority for FY2025.16
Division A of P.L. 119-4 is organized into 13 titles. Title I (“General Provisions”) consists mostly
of provisions establishing the general parameters of the funding provided in the act. The other 12
titles of the measure (Titles II-XIII) contain agency-, account-, and/or program-specific
provisions that establish exceptions to or deviate from the general funding provided by the CR for
certain accounts or activities (“anomalies”), as well as other legislative provisions related to
extending or amending existing law. Titles II-XIII are each named after one of the regular
appropriations acts and pertain only to accounts funded by that respective act.

General Provisions17
Title I of the CR (“General Provisions”) consists mostly of provisions establishing the general
parameters of the funding provided by the CR. It also includes provisions related to the
availability and accounting of funds provided under the act, agency and Office of Management
14 The FRA established statutory limits on discretionary spending (“caps”) for FY2024 and FY2025, respectively. The

FRA created two separately enforceable caps for each fiscal year: a limit for defense (or “security”) discretionary
spending and a limit for nondefense (or “nonsecurity”) discretionary spending. The caps for FY2025 are $895.21
billion for the defense discretionary category and $710.69 billion for the nondefense discretionary category,
respectively. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is responsible for determining compliance with these
limits. If enacted discretionary budget authority exceeds either limit for a given fiscal year, then the President is
required to issue a sequestration order that implements largely across-the-board cuts to nonexempt discretionary
spending in the category in which the breach occurred. For more on discretionary spending caps under the FRA, see
CRS Insight IN12168, Discretionary Spending Caps in the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023, by Grant A. Driessen and
Megan S. Lynch. For more on sequestration as a budget enforcement procedure, see CRS Report R42972,
Sequestration as a Budget Enforcement Process: Frequently Asked Questions, by Megan S. Lynch.
OMB’s Final Sequestration Report for FY2025—issued on April 1, 2025—found that enacted appropriations for
FY2025 were within the discretionary spending limits for FY2025 and that no sequestration was required. OMB, OMB
Final Sequestration Report to the President and Congress for Fiscal Year 2025, April 1, 2025, available at
https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Sequestration_Final_Report_April_2025_POTUS.pdf.
15 These totals include certain full-year emergency-designated amounts provided by previous CRs enacted for FY2025.
This includes $6.6 billion in full-year emergency-designated appropriations for the Department of Defense, a $17
million full-year emergency-designated appropriation for the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and a $2 million fullyear emergency-designated appropriation to the Department of Energy provided in Division A of P.L. 118-158, and a
$1 million full-year emergency-designated appropriation for the Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence
provided in Division A of P.L. 118-83.
Current law governing enforcement of the caps establishes that discretionary spending for certain purposes or accounts
is effectively exempt from counting toward the caps (e.g., spending designated by Congress and the President as an
emergency requirement). These exempted purposes or accounts are sometimes referred to as “adjustments” or
“adjustment categories.” For more on these exemptions, see CRS Report R48387, Exemptions to the Fiscal
Responsibility Act’s Discretionary Spending Limits, by Drew C. Aherne and Megan S. Lynch.
16 Under current law, certain budget authority for FY2025 designated as an emergency requirement in previously
enacted laws is not counted for the purpose of enforcing discretionary spending limits. According to CBO, these
amounts total $68.80 billion for FY2025. For more on these amounts, see the section titled “Certain Funds Designated
as an Emergency Requirement in Previously Enacted Laws” in CRS Report R48387, Exemptions to the Fiscal
Responsibility Act’s Discretionary Spending Limits, by Drew C. Aherne and Megan S. Lynch.
17 The summaries in this section were authored by Drew C. Aherne, Analyst on Congress and the Legislative Process,
unless specified otherwise.

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and Budget (OMB) reporting requirements, and budget enforcement. This section provides
summaries of each section included in Title I of the measure.

Section 1101—Coverage and Funding Levels
Section 1101 establishes that the CR generally provides funding in the same amounts and under
the same authorities and conditions as provided for in appropriations acts enacted for FY2024. It
establishes that the CR provides “such amounts as may be necessary” to fund accounts at the
level and under the authority and conditions provided in the regular appropriations acts for
FY2024. This means that, unless specified otherwise, accounts funded in the regular
appropriations acts for FY2024 receive the same level of funding for FY2025. It also means that
any authorities and conditions established in such acts for FY2024—such as limitations and
allocations of funding—continue in effect for FY2025 unless specified otherwise. This includes
transfer authority and obligation limits.
The CR continues the funding levels and authorities and conditions enacted in each of the 12
regular appropriations acts for FY2024, which are referenced in Section 1101(a)(1)-(12) of the
CR.18 Several of these subsections include one or more provisions either excluding certain
sections of the FY2024 acts from applying under the CR or changing amounts provided to certain
accounts for FY2025. Summaries of each of these provisions are included in the section of this
report titled “Agency-, Account-, and Program-Specific Provisions” under the headings for the
relevant regular appropriations acts.

Section 1102—Appropriations Available to Extent and in Manner as Provided
by FY2024 Appropriations Acts
Section 1102 establishes that the funding provided by the CR is available to agencies to the extent
and in the manner that would be provided by the appropriations acts for FY2024 referenced in
Section 1101.

Section 1103—Multi-Year and No-Year (“X”-Year) Availability
Section 1103 establishes that FY2025 appropriations provided by the CR will retain a period of
availability comparable to the period of their availability for obligation in FY2024 appropriations
acts. Budget authority provided in appropriations acts can be made available for obligation over
any of three types of periods: a single fiscal year (one-year appropriations), multiple fiscal years
(“multi-year” appropriations), or indefinitely until expended (no-year or “X”-year
appropriations).19 For example, pursuant to this provision, if an appropriation provided in one of
the regular appropriations acts for FY2024 was made available for two fiscal years (i.e., for
FY2024, through September 30, 2025), then that appropriation is available for two fiscal years
under the CR as well (i.e., for FY2025, through September 30, 2026). Likewise, FY2025
appropriations that received no-year availability in FY2024 (e.g., “to remain available until
expended”) retain that availability under the CR.

18 Divisions A-F of P.L. 118-42 and Divisions A-F of P.L. 118-47, respectively.
19 For more on the duration of availability of appropriations, see CRS Report R48087, Appropriations Duration of

Availability: One-Year, Multi-Year, and No-Year Funds, by Drew C. Aherne.

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Section 1104—No Funds for Projects and Activities Specifically Prohibited in
FY2024
Section 1104 prohibits funds appropriated by the CR from being used for projects and/or
activities for which funding was specifically prohibited in covered FY2024 appropriations acts
unless specified otherwise.

Section 1105—Continuation of Requirements, Authorities, Conditions,
Limitations, and Other Provisions
Section 1105 establishes that, unless specified otherwise, requirements, authorities, conditions,
limitations, and other provisions established in the regular appropriations act enacted for FY2024
continue to apply to funds appropriated by the CR.

Section 1106—Expiration Date
Section 1106 establishes September 30, 2025, as the general expiration date of the CR. It
establishes that, unless specified otherwise, the funds provided and authority granted by the CR
will remain available through the end of FY2025. The funds provided and authorities granted by
the CR could be superseded—either in part or in full—through the subsequent enactment of
regular, full-year appropriations for FY2025.

Section 1107—Spending Under Previous CRs Charged to Applicable
Appropriations Accounts
Section 1107 establishes that funds spent under previously enacted CRs for FY2025 will be
charged to the applicable appropriations account.20 Pursuant to this provision, amounts provided
to each account under the full-year CR are inclusive of—and not in addition to—amounts spent in
FY2025 for programs, projects, and activities funded by such accounts under previously enacted
CRs.

Section 1108—Authorization Requirements21
Section 1108 mirrors Section 7022 of Division F of P.L. 118-47, which allows for the obligation
and expenditure of appropriated funds, notwithstanding selected provisions that require foreign
affairs appropriations to be authorized prior to expenditure.22

Section 1109—Appropriated Entitlements and Other Mandatory Payments
Section 1109(a) provides funding for the remainder of FY2025 for the continuation of
entitlements, other mandatory payments, and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program,
whose budget authority was provided in appropriations acts for FY2024 (known as “appropriated
entitlements” or “appropriated mandatories”). This section specifies that the CR provides “the
20 Previously enacted CRs for FY2025 include Division A of P.L. 118-83, the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2025, as

amended by Division A of P.L. 118-158, the Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2025.
21 This section was authored by Emily McCabe, Specialist in Foreign Assistance, and Foreign Policy and Cory Gill,
Analyst in Foreign Affairs.
22 For more on foreign relations and foreign assistance authorization, see CRS In Focus IF10293, Foreign Relations
Reauthorization: Background and Issues, by Cory R. Gill; and CRS In Focus IF12885, Foreign Assistance
Authorization: Background and Issues, by Emily M. McCabe.

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amounts necessary to maintain program levels under current law and under the authority and
conditions” provided in the appropriations acts for FY2024 referenced in Section 1101.23
Section 1109(b) specifies mandatory appropriations for several accounts (see below) that fund
benefits or payments with program costs that vary each fiscal year.24 This funding is for certain
program costs that occur during the first quarter of FY2026 and is available until expended. (Such
funds are commonly called advance appropriations.25) All of these accounts are traditionally
funded by the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related
Agencies (LHHS) appropriations act.
•

•

•

Special Benefits for Disabled Coal Miners (Department of Labor [DOL]): $6
million in advance appropriations for FY2026, which is a $1 million (-14%)
decrease relative to the FY2025 advance provided in FY2024 enacted26
Grants to States for Medicaid (Department of Health and Human Services
[HHS]): $261.1 billion in advance appropriations for FY2026, which is a $15.5
billion increase (+6%) relative to FY2025 advance provided in FY2024 enacted27
Payments to States for Child Support Enforcement and Family Support Programs
(HHS): $1.6 billion in advance appropriations for FY2026, which is a $200
million (+14%) increase relative to FY2025 advance appropriations provided in
FY2024 enacted28

23 Mandatory (or direct) spending is defined in law as (1) budget authority provided by law other than appropriations

acts (known as authorizing law), (2) entitlement authority, and (3) the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
(SNAP) (2 U.S.C. §900(c)(8)). Entitlements are mandatory spending programs that require payment to persons, state or
local governments, or other entities if specific eligibility criteria established in authorizing law are met. Entitlement
payments are legal obligations of the federal government, and eligible beneficiaries may have legal recourse if full
payment under the law is not provided. Most mandatory spending is not controlled through the annual appropriations
process and derives its funding from budget authority provided in authorizing legislation.
Certain mandatory spending programs—known as “appropriated entitlements” or “appropriated mandatories”—do not
receive budget authority in authorizing law and are instead funded through annual appropriations acts. While funding
for such programs is provided in annual appropriations acts, the level of spending for appropriated entitlements and/or
appropriated mandatories is not controlled through the annual appropriations process. Instead, the level of spending for
such programs, like other mandatory spending, is determined by benefit and eligibility criteria established in
authorizing law. The amounts provided in appropriations acts for these programs are intended to meet the projected
amounts required to fulfill the legal financial obligations of the programs. Examples of appropriated entitlements and/or
appropriated mandatories include Medicaid, SNAP, and certain veterans’ programs.
24 The summary for Section 1109(b) was authored by Jessica Tollestrup, Specialist in Social Policy.
25 For more information on advance appropriations generally and as provided in Division A of P.L. 119-4, see the
section of this report titled “Section 1112—Advance Appropriations.”
26 For further information on Special Benefits for Disabled Coal Miners program and its funding, see Department of
Labor (DOL), FY2025 Congressional Justification, Special Benefits for Disabled Coal Miners, https://www.dol.gov/
sites/dolgov/files/general/budget/2025/CBJ-2025-V2-07.pdf.
27 For general information on the Medicaid program and its funding, see CRS In Focus IF10322, Medicaid Primer, by
Alison Mitchell.
28 This account primarily funds the Child Support Enforcement program. For further information about this program,
see CRS Report RS22380, Child Support Services: Program Basics, by Jessica Tollestrup. For information about the
funding in this account, see Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Administration for Children and
Families Fiscal Year 2025 Congressional Justification, pp. 217-238, https://acf.gov/sites/default/files/documents/olab/
fy-2025-congressional-justification.pdf.

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•

•

Payments for Foster Care and Permanency (HHS): $3.6 billion in advance
appropriations for FY2026, which is a $200 million (+6%) increase relative to
FY2025 advance appropriations provided in FY2024 enacted29
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Program (Social Security Administration
[SSA]): $22.1 billion in advance appropriations for FY2026, which is a $400
million (+2%) increase relative to FY2025 advance appropriations provided in
FY2024 enacted30

Section 1110—Continuation of Emergency and Disaster Relief Designations
Section 1110(a) establishes that amounts appropriated for FY2025 by Section 1101 that were
designated by Congress as being for either an emergency requirement or disaster relief in covered
appropriations acts for FY2024 retain such designations under the CR.
Current law governing enforcement of statutory discretionary spending caps establishes that
discretionary spending for certain purposes or accounts is effectively exempt from counting
toward the caps.31 These exempted purposes include amounts designated by both Congress and
the President as being an emergency requirement and amounts designated by Congress as being
for disaster relief.32 This subsection effectively exempts amounts provided for FY2025 by Section
1101 of the CR that Congress designated as being for disaster relief in FY2024 from enforcement
of the FY2025 caps. Amounts designated by Congress as an emergency requirement under this
subsection require a subsequent designation by the President in order to become available for
obligation and exempted from the FY2025 caps (see below for more).
Section 1110(b) establishes that “each amount” provided by the CR and designated by Congress
as an emergency requirement pursuant to Section 1110(a) will become available for obligation
only if “the President subsequently so designates all such amounts and transmits such
designations to the Congress.”33 The inclusion of such language, or similar language, in
appropriations acts making the availability of all emergency-designated funds in the measure

29 For general information about child welfare programs, see CRS In Focus IF10590, Child Welfare: Purposes, Federal

Programs, and Funding, by Emilie Stoltzfus For information about the funding in this account, see HHS,
Administration for Children and Families Fiscal Year 2025 Congressional Justification, pp. 281-308, https://acf.gov/
sites/default/files/documents/olab/fy-2025-congressional-justification.pdf.
30 For general information on the Supplemental Security Income program and its funding, see CRS In Focus IF10482,
Supplemental Security Income (SSI), by Emma K. Tatem and William R. Morton.
31 Most of these exemptions are established in Section 251(b) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control
Act of 1985 (BBEDCA), as amended (codified at 2 U.S.C. §901(b)). For more on exemptions to the FRA’s
discretionary spending limits, see CRS Report R48387, Exemptions to the Fiscal Responsibility Act’s Discretionary
Spending Limits, by Drew C. Aherne and Megan S. Lynch.
32 For more on emergency designations (Section 251(b)(2)(A) of BBEDCA, codified at 2 U.S.C. §901(b)(2)(A)), see
CRS Report R47594, Budget Enforcement Rules: Emergency Designations, by Drew C. Aherne. For more on the
disaster relief designation (Section 251(b)(2)(D) of BBEDCA, codified at 2 U.S.C. §901(b)(2)(D)), see CRS In Focus
IF10720, Calculation and Use of the Disaster Relief Allowable Adjustment, by William L. Painter.
33 On March 24, 2025, OMB submitted a letter and attached memorandum to Congress designating as an emergency
requirement only certain amounts provided in Division A of P.L. 119-4 that Congress had designated as an emergency
requirement. OMB’s letter and memorandum appear to designate only 16 of a possible 27 total appropriations that had
a congressional emergency designation, with the remaining 11 appropriations not receiving a designation. According to
the letter, the amounts not designated by the President total “nearly $3 billion.” The reason, according to the letter, for
not designating such amounts was that they “were improperly designated by the Congress as emergency” and that the
President does “not concur that the added spending is truly for emergency needs.” The March 24 OMB letter can be
found at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Presidential-Designation-of-Funding-as-anEmergency-Requirement-Multiple-Accounts-in-the-Full-Year-Continuing-Appropriations-and-Extensions-Act.pdf.

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contingent on the President subsequently designating all such amounts as an emergency
requirement has been common in recent decades.
Section 1110(c) establishes that certain funds designated as an emergency requirement in several
laws enacted in recent years, and for which funds will become available in FY2025, will continue
not to count for the purpose of enforcing the statutory limits on discretionary spending for
FY2025.34

Section 1111—Exclusion of Funding for FY2024 Earmarks
Section 1111 establishes that, unless specified otherwise, the CR does not provide FY2025
funding for any CDS or CPF items that were funded in FY2024.35 This provision does not affect
the availability of funds provided in FY2024 appropriations acts for such earmarks. The CR also
includes several provisions reducing funding levels for specific accounts for FY2025 by the
amount provided to the account in FY2024 for CDS and/or CPF items. Summaries of these
provisions are included in the section of this report titled “Agency-, Account-, and ProgramSpecific Provisions” under the headings for the relevant appropriations acts.
Division A of P.L. 119-4 does not include any provision generally incorporating funding for CDS
and/or CPF items that were specified in the Senate and/or House versions of the regular FY2025
appropriations acts or the reports accompanying such acts. Unless specified otherwise, any
language specifying an earmark in such acts, or the reports accompanying such acts, have no
legal force and effect with regard to the funding provided by the CR.

Section 1112—Advance Appropriations
Section 1112 establishes that the CR provides advance appropriations for FY2026 and FY2027
for discretionary accounts that received advance appropriations for FY2025 and FY2026,
respectively, in FY2024 appropriations acts.36 The advance appropriations provided to such
34 Section 103 of the FRA established that such amounts shall not count for the purposes of enforcing the statutory

discretionary spending limits for FY2024 or FY2025. These include certain amounts appropriated in Division B of the
Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (P.L. 117-159) and Division J of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L.
117-58) and amounts available to the Hazardous Substance Superfund pursuant to Section 443(b) in Division G of the
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-328). For more on this provision, see the section titled “Certain
Funds Designated as an Emergency Requirement in Previously Enacted Laws” in CRS Report R48387, Exemptions to
the Fiscal Responsibility Act’s Discretionary Spending Limits, by Drew C. Aherne and Megan S. Lynch.
35 Clause 9(e) of House Rule XXI defines earmark as “a provision or report language included primarily at the request
of a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, or Senator providing, authorizing or recommending a specific amount
of discretionary budget authority for a contract, loan, loan guarantee, grant, loan authority, or other expenditure with or
to an entity, or targeted to a specific State, locality or Congressional district, other than through a statutory or
administrative formula-driven or competitive award process.”
Clause 5(a) of Senate rule XLIV defines earmark as “a provision or report language included primarily at the request of
a Senator providing, authorizing, or recommending a specific amount of discretionary budget authority, credit
authority, or other spending authority for a contract, loan, loan guarantee, grant, loan authority, or other expenditure
with or to an entity, or targeted to a specific State, locality or Congressional district, other than through a statutory or
administrative formula-driven or competitive award process.”
36 Advance appropriations provide budget authority that first becomes available for obligation one or more fiscal years
after the fiscal year for which the appropriation was enacted. For example, an advance appropriation in an
appropriations act for FY2025 could provide budget authority for a particular account that will not become available
for obligation until October 1, 2025 (the start of FY2026), or later. Budget authority provided by advance
appropriations are not included in budget totals for the fiscal year in which they are provided but rather the fiscal year
in which they first become available for obligation. For more on advance appropriations, see CRS Report R43482,
Advance Appropriations, Forward Funding, and Advance Funding: Concepts, Practice, and Budget Process
Considerations, by Jessica Tollestrup and Megan S. Lynch.

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accounts under the CR will first become available one fiscal year subsequent to the fiscal year
they were specified to first become available in FY2024 appropriations acts. For example, an
advance appropriation that was specified to become available in FY2025 under an FY2024
appropriations act would become available in FY2026 under the CR. The amounts provided in
advance appropriations for each account under Section 1112 equal the amounts provided in
FY2024 appropriations acts unless specified otherwise. Advance appropriations provided by the
CR also maintain the same period of availability as specified in FY2024 appropriations acts.
Certain provisions in the CR provide additional amounts of advance appropriations to specified
accounts or otherwise alter the advance appropriations provided to those accounts. Summaries of
these provisions are included in the section of this report titled “Agency-, Account-, and ProgramSpecific Provisions” under the headings of the relevant appropriations acts.

Section 1113—Agency Submission of Spending, Expenditure, or Operating
Plans
Section 1113 requires various agencies and departments funded by the CR to submit spending,
expenditure, or operating plans to the House and Senate Appropriations Committees no later than
45 days after the enactment of the measure.37 These plans are required to provide information at
the program, project, or activity level or, as applicable, greater levels of detail as required by
appropriations acts for FY2024 or the explanatory text accompanying such acts.38

Section 1114—OMB Reports on Obligations
Section 1114 requires OMB to submit monthly reports to the House and Senate Appropriations
Committees providing information on all obligations incurred in FY2025 by each department and
agency using funds provided by the CR.39 These reports are required to include obligations
incurred by each account and to compare such obligations to obligations incurred over the same
period in FY2024.

Section 1115—U.S. Parole Commission40
Section 1115 extends the authorization for the U.S. Parole Commission until the end of FY2025.
The enactment of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 (P.L. 98-473) ended parole for any federal
offenders convicted on or after November 1, 1987, and the commission’s authorities were to
sunset on October 31, 1992. However, federal prisoners sentenced before this date remain eligible
for parole, and the U.S. Parole Commission also makes release decisions for other populations,
such as D.C. Code offenders. Absent transferring authority for making release decisions to
another body, Congress has periodically extended the sunset date for the commission’s
authorities.

37 A list of the agencies and departments required to submit such plans under this provision is included in Section

1113(c).
38 Section 1113(b) requires the plans to reflect any sequestration ordered by the President caused by a breach in the
FY2025 discretionary spending limits if any such sequester occurs.
39 The first such report is required no later than May 15, 2025, and subsequent reports are required each month
thereafter through November 1, 2025.
40 This section was authored by Nathan James, Analyst in Crime Policy.

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Section 1116—Transferred Funds Designated as an Emergency Requirement
Retain Emergency Designation
Section 1116 establishes that any appropriation provided by the CR that both Congress and the
President designate as an emergency requirement will, if transferred to another account pursuant
to transfer authorities provided by the CR, retain such emergency designation.41

Agency-, Account-, and Program-Specific Provisions
This section includes summaries of each agency-, account-, and/or program-specific provision in
Titles II-XIII of the act organized by regular appropriations act. This includes “anomalies” that
establish exceptions to or deviate from the general funding provided by the CR for certain
accounts and activities, as well as other legislative provisions related to extending or amending
existing provisions of law. This section also includes summaries of several provisos in Section
1101 of Title I that pertain only to specific accounts or activities funded in one of the regular
appropriations acts. For additional information on the provisions summarized in this section,
congressional clients may contact the CRS experts identified in the accompanying footnotes.
Anomalies and other legislative provisions are common features of CRs. Congress may include
anomalies and other legislative provisions at the request of the President, who typically submits a
list of requested provisions ahead of an expected CR.42 Congress can accept, reject, or modify
such proposals in the course of drafting and considering CRs. In addition, Congress may develop
additional anomalies or other legislative provisions for inclusion in a CR.

Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration,
and Related Agencies
All of the provisions summarized in this section are included in Title II of the CR (“Agriculture,
Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies”).

Section 1201—Reduction in Funding for FY2024 Earmarks43
Section 1201 reduces FY2025 appropriations provided to seven accounts by a total of $248
million compared to FY2024 levels. The seven accounts received a total of $2.92 billion in
FY2024. These reductions represent the FY2024 amounts provided to these accounts for
CPF/CDS (“earmarks”).44 These U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) accounts include (1)
Agricultural Research Service Buildings and Facilities (100% of the FY2024 account
appropriation was for earmarks); (2) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Salaries and
Expenses (1% was for earmarks); (3) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
41 Transfers—the shifting of budgetary resources from one appropriations or fund account to another—typically

involve movement of funds between accounts either within an agency or across agency boundaries. Transfers are
prohibited unless an agency has specific statutory authorization to do so. For more on transfers, see CRS Report
R47600, Transfer and Reprogramming of Appropriations: An Overview, by Taylor N. Riccard and Dominick A.
Fiorentino.
42 The list of anomaly requests from the Administration for this CR can be found in Aidan Quigley, “Trump White
House Submits CR ‘Anomalies’ Request to Congress,” Congressional Quarterly, February 27, 2025,
https://plus.cq.com/doc/news-8184930?0.
43 This section was authored by Jim Monke, Specialist in Agricultural Policy.
44 For additional background, see CRS Report R48471, Agriculture Appropriations: Earmarks Disclosed from FY2022
to FY2024, coordinated by Lisa S. Benson.

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Conservation Operations (2% was for earmarks);45 (4) NRCS Watershed and Flood Prevention
Operations (58% was for earmarks); (5) Rural Utilities Service (RUS) Rural Water and Waste
Disposal (20% was for earmarks); (6) RUS Distance Learning, Telemedicine, and Broadband
(19% was for earmarks); and (7) RUS ReConnect broadband program (10% was for earmarks).46

Section 1202—Increases in Appropriations for FY202547
Section 1202 increases FY2025 appropriations for three accounts by a total of $627 million over
FY2024 levels. These USDA accounts include (1) Food Safety and Inspection Service: $1.21
billion for FY2025, an increase of $24 million (+2%) over FY2024;48 (2) Food and Nutrition
Service Commodity Assistance Program: $516 million for FY2025, an increase of $36 million
(+7%) over FY2024, of which $425 million was provided for the Commodity Supplemental Food
Program;49 and (3) Food and Nutrition Service Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for
Women, Infants, and Children (WIC): $7.60 billion for FY2025, an increase of $567 million
(+8%) over FY2024.50 The increase for WIC was requested by the Trump Administration. The
prior FY2025 CRs had allowed the two Food and Nutrition Service programs to be apportioned at
a rate necessary to maintain participation.51

Section 1203—Livestock Mandatory Reporting Act52
Section 1203 extends the authorization of the Livestock Mandatory Reporting Act of 1999, as
amended (7 U.S.C. §§1635-1636i), through FY2025. Congress reauthorized and amended this act
in the Agriculture Reauthorizations Act of 2015 (P.L. 114-54) and has provided short-term
extensions since that time. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 (P.L. 118-42) included the
latest extension before enactment of P.L. 119-4.53

Section 1204—Reduction in Funding for FY2024 Earmarks from Nonrecurring
Expenses Fund54
Section 1204 excludes from continuation for FY2025 the $505 million from the Nonrecurring
Expenses Fund that had been included in the FY2024 appropriation for the Rural Housing Service
Community Facilities account. This reduction represents the FY2024 amount provided for
45 For additional background, see CRS Report R47560, Agricultural Conservation: FY2023 and FY2024

Appropriations, by Megan Stubbs.
46 For additional background, see CRS Report R47017, USDA’s ReConnect Program: Expanding Rural Broadband, by
Lisa S. Benson.
47 This section was authored by Jim Monke, Specialist in Agricultural Policy, and Randy Alison Aussenberg, Specialist
in Nutrition Assistance Policy.
48 For additional background, see CRS In Focus IF12784, Federal Inspection of Meat, Poultry, and Egg Products, by
Lia Biondo.
49 For additional background, see CRS In Focus IF12255, Farm Bill Primer: SNAP and Nutrition Title Programs, by
Randy Alison Aussenberg and Kara Clifford Billings.
50 For additional background, see CRS Report R44115, A Primer on WIC: The Special Supplemental Nutrition
Program for Women, Infants, and Children, by Randy Alison Aussenberg.
51 For additional background, see CRS Report R48214, Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2025 (Division A
of P.L. 118-83), by Drew C. Aherne.
52 This section was authored by Lia Biondo, Analyst in Agricultural Policy.
53 For additional background, see CRS Report R45777, Livestock Mandatory Reporting Act: Overview for
Reauthorization in the 116th Congress, by Joel L. Greene. Congressional staff may contact Frank Gottron, Section
Research Manager, for inquiries related to this report.
54 This section was authored by Jim Monke, Specialist in Agricultural Policy.

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CPF/CDS (“earmarks”) for Community Facilities.55 The Community Facilities account received a
total of $510 million in FY2024.56 The Nonrecurring Expenses Fund allocation in FY2024 was
from previously appropriated unobligated balances and therefore did not count against
discretionary spending limits.
(Section 1111 of the CR establishes that the act does not provide funding for the purposes of the
FY2024 earmarks, unless specified otherwise. Neither Section 1111 nor Section 1204 affects the
availability of funds in FY2024 appropriations acts for such earmarks.)

Section 1205—Agricultural Credit Insurance Fund Program57
Section 1205 allows amounts for loan subsidies for the USDA Farm Service Agency’s farm loan
program to be reprogrammed among the loan categories to maintain FY2024 loan authorization
levels.58 This provision was requested by the Trump Administration.

Section 1206—Rural Development Programs59
Section 1206 allows USDA to transfer appropriated amounts for the Rural Development mission
area among the rural development accounts to maintain FY2024 program levels to the extent
possible, provided that $34 million must be transferred to the Rural Housing Service Rental
Assistance Program. The Rental Assistance Program received $1.61 billion out of nearly $3.6
billion available for rural development in 2024. The $34 million transfer would be an increase of
2% for the Rental Assistance Program.60 This provision was requested by the Trump
Administration. The implications for other Rural Development programs that USDA might
reduce to accomplish the budget neutral transfer is uncertain.

Section 1207—Agricultural Disaster Assistance61
Section 1207 allows certain agricultural producers to retain supplemental disaster assistance
payments that may have been claimed incorrectly under the Emergency Relief Program 2022
(ERP 2022).62 When completing the ERP 2022 application, some agricultural producers indicated
that all of their acreage was insured through the Federal Crop Insurance Program or enrolled in
the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program even though a portion of their land was not.63
55 For additional background, see CRS Report R48471, Agriculture Appropriations: Earmarks Disclosed from FY2022

to FY2024, coordinated by Lisa S. Benson.
56 For additional background, see CRS Report R48431, Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2025 Appropriations, by
Jim Monke.
57 This section was authored by Jim Monke, Specialist in Agricultural Policy.
58 For additional background, see CRS Report R46768, Agricultural Credit: Institutions and Issues, by Jim Monke.
59 This section was authored by Lisa S. Benson, Specialist in Agricultural Policy, and Maggie McCarty, Specialist in
Housing Policy.
60 For additional background, see CRS Report R48431, Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2025 Appropriations, by
Jim Monke.
61 This section was authored by Christine Whitt, Analyst in Agricultural Policy, and Stephanie Rosch, Analyst in
Agricultural Policy.
62 USDA created the Emergency Relief Program 2022 to administer funds authorized by the Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2023, Title I, Division N (P.L. 117-328). For more information, see CRS Report RS21212,
Agricultural Disaster Assistance, by Megan Stubbs, and CRS In Focus IF12544, Department of Agriculture’s
Emergency Relief Program (ERP), by Megan Stubbs.
63 For background on the Federal Crop Insurance Program and the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program, see
CRS Report R46686, Federal Crop Insurance: A Primer, by Stephanie Rosch and CRS Report R48245, The
Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP), by Christine Whitt.

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As a result, these producers would have received higher payments than they were entitled to
receive (i.e., up to 90% of eligible losses covered compared to 70%). Section 1207 allows such
producers to retain their disaster assistance payments if USDA determines that the losses from the
uninsured or uncovered crops are small shares of their total losses. This provision was requested
by the Trump Administration.

Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies64
Unless specified otherwise in the accompanying footnotes, all of the provisions summarized in
this section are included in Title III of the CR (“Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related
Agencies”).

Section 1101(a)(2)—General Provisions65
Section 1101(a)(2) provides continuing appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and
Related Agencies (CJS) accounts generally at the FY2024-enacted level. It also increases the
obligation cap on the Crime Victims Fund66 and adjusts some of the rescissions of unobligated
balances that were included in the FY2024 CJS Appropriations Act (Division C of P.L. 118-42).

Section 1301—Reductions for Select CJS Accounts
Section 1301 reduces amounts provided to several CJS accounts for FY2025 compared to
FY2024 enacted levels:
•

•

•

•
•
•

National Institute of Standards and Technology’s Scientific and Technical
Research and Services account, which received a total of $1.08 billion in
FY2024, by $223 million
National Institute of Standards and Technology’s Construction of Research
Facilities account, which received a total of $168 million in FY2024, by $80
million
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Operations, Research, and
Facilities account, which received a total of $5.55 billion in FY2024, by $139
million
Department of Justice’s State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account,
which received a total of $2.48 billion in FY2024, by $475 million
Department of Justice’s Community Oriented Policing Services account, which
received a total of $665 million in FY2024, by $247 million
National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Safety, Security and Mission
Service account, which received a total of $3.13 billion in FY2024, by $37
million

64 The summaries in this section were authored by Nathan James, Analyst in Crime Policy.
65 This provision is from Title I of the CR (“General Provisions”) but is included in this section of the report because it

pertains only to accounts funded in the Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies appropriations act.
66 For more information on the Crime Victims Fund and the obligation cap, see CRS Report R42672, The Crime
Victims Fund (CVF): Federal Support for Victims of Crime, by Lisa N. Sacco.

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These reductions represent the FY2024 amount provided to these accounts for CPF/CDS
(“earmarks”).67 (Section 1111 of the CR establishes that the act does not provide funding for the
purposes of the FY2024 earmarks unless specified otherwise. Neither Section 1111 nor Section
1301 affects the availability of funds in FY2024 appropriations acts for such earmarks.)

Section 1302—Increases for Select CJS Accounts
Section 1302 increases funding for two CJS accounts for FY2025 compared to FY2024 enacted
levels. This includes increasing funding to the Department of Justice’s Justice Information
Sharing Technology account from $30 million for FY2024 to $38.46 million for FY2025 and the
U.S. Marshals Service’s Federal Prisoner Detention account from $2.10 billion for FY2024 to
$2.24 billion for FY2025.

Department of Defense (DOD)68
All of the provisions summarized in this section are included in Title IV of the CR (“Department
of Defense”).

Section 1401—Selected Military Personnel Accounts69
Section 1401 provides $171.39 billion for certain DOD military personnel accounts for FY2025.70
In general, these accounts fund military pay, allowances, clothing, travel, and other personnelrelated costs. This amount is approximately $5.70 billion (3.4%) more than the amount provided
for such accounts in the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2024 (Division C of P.L.
118-47).71 The chairs of the House and Senate Committees on Appropriations described the
increase in part as covering the cost of a pay raise for junior enlisted personnel.72

67 The reduction to the Department of Justice’s State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account also reflects the

CR zeroing out for FY2025 $125 million in funding for reimbursing cities that hosted presidential nominating
conventions for security-related expenses. In addition, funding for National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s
Safety, Security and Mission Service account for FY2025 under the CR is $20 million higher than what it would be if
funding for CFP/CDS were subtracted from the FY2024-enacted appropriation for the account.
68 The summaries in this section were authored by Brendan W. McGarry, Specialist in U.S. Defense Budget, and
Cameron M. Keys, Analyst in Defense Logistics and Resource Management Policy.
69 Section descriptions are derived in part from House Appropriations Committee, “Full-Year Continuing
Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025, Section-by-Section Summary,” https://appropriations.house.gov/sites/evosubsites/republicans-appropriations.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/full-year-cr-2025-section-by-sectionfinal.pdf, available in House Appropriations Committe, “Committee Releases Bill to Keep Government Open, Working
for the American People.”
70 This amount excludes $11.05 billion appropriated as an accrual payment to the Medicare-Eligible Retiree Health
Care Fund, which provides TRICARE for Life medical insurance for military retirees. Because this payment is made
automatically under a provision of permanent law (10 U.S.C. §§1111-1117), these funds are not provided by annual
defense appropriations acts even though they are treated as discretionary funding for purposes of the congressional
budget process.
71 U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024, report to
accompany H.R. 2882/P.L. 118-47 [Legislative Text and Explanatory Statement], Book 2 of 2, Divisions A-F, 118th
Cong., 2nd sess., H.Prt. 55-008, 2024, p. 331.
72 See, for example, House Appropriations Committee, “Committee Releases Bill to Keep Government Open, Working
for the American People”; and Senate Appropriations Committee, “Senator Collins Urges Colleagues to Support
Continuing Resolution, Avert Shutdown,” press release, March 14, 2025, https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/
majority/senator-collins-urges-colleagues-to-support-continuing-resolution-avert-shutdown. For more information on
the junior enlisted pay raise, see CRS Insight IN12367, FY2025 NDAA: Military Basic Pay Reform Proposal, by Kristy
N. Kamarck.

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Section 1402—Selected Operation and Maintenance Accounts
Section 1402 provides $290.29 billion for FY2025 for certain DOD operation and maintenance
accounts.73 In general, these accounts fund military training, recruiting, civilian pay, health care,
facilities upkeep, and other operation costs of the armed services. This amount is approximately
$3.10 billion (1.1%) more than the amount provided for such accounts in the Department of
Defense Appropriations Act, 2024.74

Section 1403—Selected Procurement Accounts
Section 1403 provides $134.13 billion for FY2025 for certain DOD procurement accounts. In
general, these accounts fund new equipment, equipment upgrades, services, and supplies. This
amount is approximately $4.24 billion (3.1%) less than the amount provided for such accounts in
the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2024.75

Section 1404—Shipbuilding and Conversion Account
Section 1404 provides $33.33 billion for FY2025 for the Shipbuilding and Conversion, Navy
account—a type of procurement account.76 In general, this account funds the construction,
acquisition, or conversion of vessels, including armor and armament, plant equipment,
appliances, and machine tools. This amount is approximately $333.54 million (1.0%) less than
the amount provided for this account in the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2024.77

Section 1405—Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Accounts
Section 1405 provides $141.24 billion for FY2025 for DOD research, development, test, and
evaluation (RDT&E) accounts. In general, these accounts fund basic research, advanced research,
digital technology, and other types of research with potential defense applications. This amount is
approximately $7.08 billion (4.8%) less than the amount provided for these accounts in the
Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2024.78

Section 1406—Revolving and Management Funds
Section 1406 provides $1.84 billion for FY2025 for DOD revolving and management funds. In
general, these funds support Defense Working Capital Funds—a type of revolving fund intended
to operate as a self-supporting entity to fund buying and selling activities of the department—and
the National Defense Stockpile Transaction Fund, which allows revenues from stockpile disposals
to fund the acquisition of new materials and other expenses. This amount is approximately $53.77

73 In addition, Section 158 of the Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2025 (Division A of P.L. 118-158),

appropriated $913.00 million in emergency-designated funding for the Operation and Maintenance, Defense-Wide
account “to conduct risk reduction and modification of National Security Systems.”
74 House Appropriations Committee , Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024, H.Prt. 55-008, p. 332.
75 House Appropriations Committee, Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024, H.Prt. 55-008, p. 333.
76 In addition, Section 157 of P.L. 118-158 appropriated $5.69 billion in emergency-designated funding for the
Shipbuilding and Conversion, Navy, account for “for the Virginia Class Submarine program and for workforce wage
and non-executive salary improvements for other nuclear-powered vessel programs.”
77 House Appropriations Committee, Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024, H.Prt. 55-008, p. 333.
78 House Appropriations Committee, Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024, H.Prt. 55-008, p. 334.

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million (3.0%) more than the amount provided for these funds in the Department of Defense
Appropriations Act, 2024.79

Section 1407—Other Accounts
Section 1407 provides $42.82 billion for FY2025 for other DOD accounts, including $40.40
billion for the Defense Health Program; $775.51 million for Chemical Agents and Munition
Destruction, Defense; $1.11 billion for Drug Interdiction and Counter-Drug Activities, Defense;
and $539.77 million for the Office of the Inspector General. This amount is approximately
$124.69 million (0.3%) more than the amount provided for these accounts in the Department of
Defense Appropriations Act, 2024.80

Section 1408—Intelligence Community Management Account
Section 1408 provides $629.13 million for FY2025 for the Intelligence Community Management
Account, which is managed by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence in part to
oversee intelligence personnel. This amount is approximately $3.71 million (0.6%) more than the
amount provided for this account in the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2024.81

Section 1409—“New Start” Authorities
Section 1409 prohibits DOD from initiating or resuming projects or activities (e.g., “new starts”)
unless they were provided for in H.R. 8774, as engrossed in the House of Representatives, or S.
4921, as reported by the Senate Committee on Appropriations.82 The Full-Year Continuing
Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 (Division A of P.L. 119-4) does not include an
accompanying explanatory statement specifying defense funding allocations at the line-item level
for DOD programs, projects, and activities.

Section 1410—Classified Annex
Section 1410 requires that levels for classified programs funded in appropriations accounts
specified in Sections 1401-1408 conform to direction in the classified annex accompanying Title
IV of the act and that such levels be implemented in a manner consistent with the Department of
Defense Appropriations Act, 2024.

Section 1411—”80-20” Limitation Modification
Section 1411 allows DOD to obligate 40% of certain defense appropriations during the last two
months of FY2025, an increase from 20% in FY2024.83

Section 1412—General Transfer Authority Increase
Section 1412(a) allows DOD to transfer up to $8.00 billion between certain multi-year defense
appropriations provided for FY2024, an increase from a previous threshold of $6.00 billion.

79 House Appropriations Committee, Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024, H.Prt. 55-008, p. 335.
80 House Appropriations Committee, Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024, H.Prt. 55-008, p. 336.
81 House Appropriations Committee, Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024, H.Prt. 55-008, p. 337.
82 H.R. 8774 and H.Rept. 118-557; S. 4921 and S.Rept. 118-204.
83 P.L. 118-47, §8004.

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Section 1412(b) allows DOD to transfer up to $8.00 billion between certain defense
appropriations provided for FY2025.84

Section 1413—Federally Funded Research and Development Center Funding
Section 1413 specifies that not more than $2.89 billion appropriated by the CR for DOD may be
used in FY2025 for professional technical staff-related costs of the defense federally funded
research and development centers (FFRDCs), an increase from $2.86 billion in FY2024, and
$461.30 million in FY2025 for the defense studies and analysis FFRDCs, an increase from
$456.80 million in FY2024.85

Section 1414—Defense Security Cooperation Agency Funding
Section 1414 modifies funding levels for the Defense Security Cooperation Agency by providing
$1.36 billion for FY2025 for International Security Cooperation Programs and other programs to
support and assist foreign security forces or other groups or individuals, a decrease from $1.41
billion for FY2024; $350.00 million for FY2025 to reimburse Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt, Tunisia,
and Oman for enhanced border security, a decrease from $380 million for FY2024; and $50.41
million for FY2025 for payments to reimburse key cooperating nations for logistical, military,
and other support, including access provided to U.S. military and stability operations to counter
the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, an increase from $15 million for FY2024.86

Section 1415—Prior-Year Recissions
Section 1415 establishes that funding rescissions for certain defense programs in the Department
of Defense Appropriations Act, 2024, shall not apply to funds provided in the act for FY2025.

Section 1416—Current-Year Recissions
Section 1416 rescinds $1.43 billion from certain DOD funds and accounts, with most recissions,
in terms of dollar amount, occurring in Air Force procurement and RDT&E accounts.

Section 1417—Cost to Complete Funding for Certain Shipbuilding Programs
Section 1417 allocates $2.39 billion of funds appropriated in the act for FY2025 for the
Shipbuilding and Conversion, Navy account to fund prior-year shipbuilding cost increases for
certain programs.

Section 1418—Multi-Year Procurement Authority
Section 1418 provides multiyear procurement authority for certain defense programs funded from
DOD procurement accounts, namely the CH-53K Heavy Lift cargo helicopters, T408 engines
used on the CH-53K rotorcraft, and USS Virginia Class (SSN-774) fast-attack submarines.

84 P.L. 118-47, §8005.
85 P.L. 118-47, §8026.
86 P.L. 118-47, §§8109, 8110, 8117.

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Section 1419—National Defense Reserve Fleet Funding
Section 1419 modifies funding levels for the Shipbuilding and Conversion, Navy account by
providing $204.94 million for FY2025 for the purchase of two used sealift vessels for the
National Defense Reserve Fleet.

Section 1420—Office of Strategic Capital Pilot
Section 1420 provides $89.05 million for FY2025 for the Credit Program Account managed by
DOD’s Office of Strategic Capital for “a pilot program on capital assistance to support defense
investment in the industrial base.”

Section 1421—Combatant Command Transfer Funding
Section 1421 provides $8 billion for transfer to military personnel, operation and maintenance,
and Defense Working Capital Fund accounts “for U.S. military operations, force protection, and
deterrence” led by U.S. Central Command and U.S. European Command.

Section 1422—Operating Plan
Section 1422 requires DOD, after consulting the Defense Appropriations subcommittees, to
submit within 45 days of enactment “a spending, expenditure, or operating plan” for FY2025 at
the same level of detail required for a department report known as Base for Reprogramming
Actions. The plan required by Section 1422 is to serve as the baseline for subsequent funding
reallocations (i.e., transfers and reprogrammings).

Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies
Unless specified otherwise in the accompanying footnotes, all of the provisions summarized in
this section are included in Title V of the CR (“Energy and Water Development and Related
Agencies”).

Section 1101(a)(4)—FY2025 Energy and Water Development and Related
Agencies Appropriations Act Funding and Exceptions87
Section 1101(a)(4) provides, for FY2025, the levels of appropriations for accounts in the Energy
and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2024 (Division D of P.L. 11842), except for the use of certain unobligated and unallocated Infrastructure Investment and Jobs
Act (IIJA, P.L. 117-58) appropriations that P.L. 118-42 directed for specific uses. This includes
•

•

$1.43 billion of unobligated and unallocated U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
(USACE) construction appropriations from the IIJA to fund construction projects
in the explanatory statement accompanying P.L. 118-42,
funds transferred from IIJA and the Inflation Reduction Act (P.L. 117-169) to the
Department of Energy (DOE) Office of the Inspector General for oversight of
funds spent under those acts (Section 307),

87 This provision is from Title I of the CR (“General Provisions”) but is included in this section of the report because it

pertains only to accounts funded in the Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies appropriations act. This
section was authored by Anna Normand, Specialist in Natural Resources Policy, and Mark Holt, Specialist in Energy
Policy.

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•
•

$950 million of unobligated amounts in IIJA funds for the DOE Civil Nuclear
Credit Program to be available for small modular reactors (Section 311); and
$2.72 billion of unobligated amounts in IIJA funds for the DOE Civil Nuclear
Credit Program to be available for the nuclear fuel availability program (Section
312).

Section 1501—Reduction in Reclamation and DOE Funding for FY2024
Earmarks88
Section 1501(1) reduces amounts provided to the Bureau of Reclamation’s (Reclamation’s) Water
and Related Resources account for FY2025 by $41 million, which received a total of $1.75
billion in FY2024.89 This reduction represents the FY2024 amount provided to this account for
CPF/CDS (“earmarks”). Section 1501(1) also removes an FY2024 provision allowing the deposit
of a $5.50 million Reclamation earmark to the San Gabriel Basin Restoration Fund.
Section 1501(2) reduces funding for FY2025 for DOE Energy Projects (CPF/CDS “earmarks”) to
zero from $83.7 million appropriated for FY2024.
(Section 1111 of the CR establishes that the act does not provide funding for the purposes of the
FY2024 earmarks unless specified otherwise. Neither Section 1111 nor Section 1501 affects the
availability of funds in FY2024 appropriations acts for such earmarks.)

Section 1502—Changes in DOE Funding Amounts90
Section 1502(1) changes appropriations and offsets for the DOE Title 17 Innovative Technology
Loan Guarantee Program by reducing appropriations for administrative costs and offsetting
collections that can be applied to administrative costs from $70 million to $55 million. The bill
also estimates certain fee collections at $170 million during FY2025.
Section 1502(2) increases the amount for FY2025 for the DOE National Nuclear Security
Administration’s (NNSA’s) Weapons Activities to $19.29 billion from $19.11 billion for FY2024
(up $185 million, or 1%).
Section 1502(3) decreases the amount for FY2025 for NNSA Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation
to $2.40 billion from $2.58 billion for FY2024 (down $185 million, or 7%).
Section 1502(4) increases the amount for FY2025 for DOE Other Defense Activities to $1.11
billion from $1.08 billion for FY2024 (up $27 million, or 3%).

Section 1503—U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Work Plan91
Section 1503(a) removes the requirement under P.L. 118-42 for USACE to allocate appropriated
funds in accordance with that act’s explanatory statement. Instead, Section 1503(b) directs
USACE to develop a work plan to allocate its FY2025 appropriations. For the Investigations,
88 This section was authored by Charles V. Stern, Specialist in Natural Resources Policy, and Mark Holt, Specialist in

Energy Policy.
89 For more on FY2025 appropriations for the Bureau of Reclamation, see CRS In Focus IF12661, Bureau of
Reclamation: FY2025 Budget and Appropriations, by Charles V. Stern.
90 This section was authored by Mark Holt, Specialist in Energy Policy, and Phillip Brown, Specialist in Energy Policy.
91 This section was authored by Anna Normand, Specialist in Natural Resources Policy. For more information on
FY2025 appropriations for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, see CRS In Focus IF12648, U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers: FY2025 Appropriations, by Anna E. Normand and Nicole T. Carter.

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Construction, and Mississippi River and Tributary accounts, the section specifies that USACE is
to only allocate FY2025 funding to active studies and projects. That means that for FY2025
annual appropriations, there are no “new starts.”92 USACE is to deliver its FY2025 work plan to
the House and Senate Appropriations Committees no later than May 14, 2025. USACE is not to
deviate from the work plan aside from reprogramming authority as provided to USACE in P.L.
118-42.

Section 1504—Uranium Enrichment Decontamination and Decommissioning
Fund93
Section 1504 requires FY2025 appropriations for uranium enrichment facility decontamination
and decommissioning to be “deposited into and subsequently derived from” the Uranium
Enrichment Decontamination and Decommissioning Fund rather than only “derived from” the
fund.

Section 1505—Clarification of Final Bill Amounts
Section 1505 specifies that the “Final Bill” amounts provided for FY2024 do not apply in
FY2025 for the Weapons Activities, Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, and Other Defense
Activities accounts (so that the amounts in Section 1502 will apply instead).

Section 1506—Reclamation Northwestern New Mexico Rural Water Project
Authorization94
Section 1506 increases the authorization of appropriations and extends the expiration of the
authorization for the Northwestern New Mexico Rural Water Project, a Reclamation rural water
project that was originally authorized in 2009 under P.L. 111-11.95 The section increases the
authorization from $870 million to $1.64 billion and extends the project’s authority through 2025.

Section 1507—WIIN Act Funding Allocations96
Section 1507(a) releases FY2024 Reclamation funding that was proposed for a surface water
storage project (Sites Reservoir) in California in accordance with a May 2024 recommendation
under the Biden Administration. Similarly, Section 1507(b) releases FY2023 and FY2024
Reclamation funding recommended in that same transmission for multiple water reuse and
recycling projects. The recommendations and congressional release of prior year funding occurs
pursuant to processes originally authorized in Sections 4007 and 4009 of the Water Infrastructure
Improvements for the Nation Act (P.L. 114-322) and is consistent with other recent congressional
approvals under these authorities.97

92 USACE studies or projects receiving appropriations for the first time are referred to as “new starts.”
93 Summaries for Section 1504 and Section 1505 were authored by Mark Holt, Specialist in Energy Policy.
94 This section was authored by Charles V. Stern, Specialist in Natural Resources Policy.
95 For more information about Reclamation Rural Water Projects, see CRS Report R46308, Bureau of Reclamation

Rural Water Projects, by Anna E. Normand.
96 This section was authored by Charles V. Stern, Specialist in Natural Resources Policy.
97 For additional information, see CRS Report R47987, Bureau of Reclamation Support for Water Storage Projects, by
Charles V. Stern; and CRS Report R44986, Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation (WIIN) Act: Bureau of
Reclamation and California Water Provisions, by Charles V. Stern, Pervaze A. Sheikh, and Nicole T. Carter.

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Section 1508—Naval Examination Acquisition Project98
Section 1508 specifies that appropriations provided by the CR for NNSA Naval Reactors “may be
used for the design and construction of the Naval Examination Acquisition Project.” FY2025 is
the first budget year for this project to recapitalize the core examinations capability and enables
Naval Reactors to begin the project’s design phase.

Section 1509—Funding Uses for Weapons Activities99
Section 1509 specifies that appropriations provided by the CR for Weapons Activities may be
used for
•

Domestic Uranium Enrichment (DUE), a wording change allowing NNSA to spend funds
for the DUE program requested in FY2024 and FY2025 under the “Tritium
Modernization and Domestic Uranium Enrichment (DUE)” budget line;

•

Warhead Assembly Modernization, a new budget line in the FY2025 request that
provides targeted investment into warhead assembly and disassembly capabilities;

•

Principal Underground Laboratory for Subcritical Experimentation (PULSE) at the
Nevada National Security Sites, a new budget line in the FY2025 request for the PULSE
New Access project;

•

Pantex Analytic Gas Laboratory, a new budget line in the FY2024 request that was not
funded in FY2024 appropriations for the replacement of a gas analysis facility
constructed in 1945; and

•

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Plutonium Mission Safety and Quality
Building, a new budget line in the FY2025 request to support construction for LANL’s
plutonium mission.

Financial Services and General Government100
Unless specified otherwise in the accompanying footnotes, all of the provisions summarized in
this section are included in Title VI of the CR (“Financial Services and General Government”).

Section 1101(5)—Rescissions
Section 1101(5) generally extends FY2024 FSGG appropriations language while specifically
changing the amounts for previous year rescissions from the Treasury Forfeiture Fund (to $387.5
million) and Defender Services in District of Columbia Courts (to $12 million). It specifically
does not extend rescissions for Section 636 (White House Information Technology Oversight and
Reform), Section 637 (General Services Administration), Section 638 (State Small Business
Credit Initiative), and Section 639 (FCC Emergency Connectivity Fund).

98 Summaries for Sections 1508 and 1509 were authored by Anya Fink, Analyst in U.S. Defense Policy.
99 For more information about NNSA weapons activities, see CRS Report R48194, The U.S. Nuclear Security

Enterprise: Background and Possible Issues for Congress, by Anya L. Fink.
100 Unless specified otherwise in the accompanying footnotes, the summaries in this section were authored by Baird
Webel, Specialist in Financial Economics.

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Section 1601—Reduction in Funding for FY2024 Earmarks
•
•

•

Section 1601(1) reduces to $0 for FY2025 the $13 million in additional amounts
provided for FY2024 to Office of National Drug Control Policy.101
Section 1601(2) reduces to $0 for FY2025 the $38 million in additional amounts
provided for FY2024 to the National Archives and Records Administration
National Historical Publications and Records Commission Grants Program.102
Section 1601(3) reduces to $0 for FY2025 the $117 million in additional amounts
provided for FY2024 to the Small Business Administration (SBA) initiatives
related to small business development and entrepreneurship.

These reductions in Section 1601 represent the additional FY2024 amounts provided to these
accounts for CPF/CDS (“earmarks”). (Section 1111 of the CR establishes that the act does not
provide funding for the purposes of the FY2024 earmarks unless specified otherwise. Neither
Section 1111 nor Section 1601 affects the availability of funds in FY2024 appropriations acts for
such earmarks.)

Section 1602—Changes in FSGG Funding levels for FY2025
•

•

•

Section 1602(1) reduces the amount provided for FY2025 for Election Security
Grants administered by the U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC) to $15
million.103 This account received $55 million for FY2024.104
The CR provides FY2025 funding under the same conditions as the FY2024
funding, which included a requirement to allocate minimum payments of $1
million to each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia and $200,000 to
each of American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands,
Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.105 To reconcile the intent to
ensure a minimum allocation for each state, territory, and DC with the total
funding provided for FY2025, the EAC has reduced the minimum payment
amounts for FY2025 to $272,727 for each state and DC and $54,545 for each
territory.106
Section 1602(2) provides an additional $321 million for FY2025 compared to
FY2024 enacted levels for the General Services Administration for building
operations costs.107
Section 1602(3) provides $8 million for FY2025 for the National Archives and
Records Administration—Repairs and Restoration account, removing $17.5
million in dedicated funding that was provided in FY2024 for the Dwight D.
Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum.108

101 This section was authored by Barbara Schwemle, Analyst in American National Government.
102 This section was authored by Meghan Stuessy, Analyst in Government Organization and Management.
103 This section was authored by Karen L. Shanton, Analyst in American National Government.
104 For additional background, see CRS Report R46646, Election Administration: Federal Grant Funding for States

and Localities, by Karen L. Shanton.
105 Division A of P.L. 119-4, §1105; P.L. 118-47, Election Security Grants.
106 CRS correspondence with the U.S. Election Assistance Commission, April 3, 2025.
107 This section was authored by Garrett Hatch, Specialist in American National Government.
108 This section was authored by Meghan Stuessy, Analyst in Government Organization and Management.

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•

Section 1602(4) provides $90 million for FY2025 for emergency planning and
security costs in the District of Columbia with $50 million of this dedicated for
costs associated with the presidential inauguration held in January 2025.109

Section 1603—General Services Administration Pre-Election Presidential
Transition Funding110
Section 1603 provides no funding for FY2025 for the General Services Administration PreElection Presidential Transition account. P.L. 118-47 had provided $10 million for FY2024,
which is available until the end of FY2025.

Section 1604—SBA Disaster Loans Program Account111
Section 1604 provides a higher level of funding for FY2025 for the SBA Disaster Loan Program
Account112 than was provided for FY2024. This section provides $406 million in total funding for
FY2025 for administrative expenses of the disaster loan program compared to $175 million for
FY2024. The entire increase is for direct administrative expenses for the disaster loan program
(increased to $396 million for FY2025 from $165 million for FY2024). Funding for indirect
administrative expenses ($8.4 million) and a transfer to the SBA Office of Inspector General
($1.6 million) are unchanged from FY2024 levels.
SBA requested an increase in its disaster loan program account funding in its FY2025
congressional budget justification, stating that the funds would be used “to support administrative
expenses and oversight of the agency’s COVID-19 loan and grant portfolio.”113 This account
supports the ongoing servicing of 2.3 million COVID-19 Economic Injury Disaster Loans,
totaling over $286 billion.114

Section 1605—Continued Pay Freeze for Certain Senior Political Officials115
Section 1605 continues, through September 30, 2025, the freeze on the payable pay rates for the
Vice President and certain senior political appointees paid under the Executive Schedule and the
Senior Executive Service at Section 747 of Division B of P.L. 118-47, as in effect on September
30, 2024. Future congressional action would determine whether the pay freeze continues beyond
that date. The freeze does not affect the official rates for the Vice President and the Executive
Schedule, which are adjusted under normally applicable law.

109

This section was authored by Joe Jaroscak, Analyst in Economic Development Policy.

110 This section was authored by Garrett Hatch, Specialist in American National Government.
111 This section was authored by Anthony Cilluffo, Analyst in Public Finance; Corinne Blackford, Analyst in Small

Business and Economic Development Policy; and Bruce Lindsay, Specialist in American National Government.
112 For additional background, see CRS Report R44412, SBA Disaster Loan Program: Frequently Asked Questions, by
Bruce R. Lindsay.
113 Small Business Administration, FY2025 Congressional Budget Justification and FY2023 Annual Performance
Report, March 11, 2024, p. 5, https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/2024-03/
FY%202025%20SBA%20CBJ%20Final%20Updated-508.pdf.
114 These data are as of September 30, 2024. See Small Business Administration, FY2024 Annual Performance Report,
January 16, 2025, p. 75, https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/2025-02/FY24%20SBA%20APR-2025-0123-508.pdf.
115 This section was authored by Barbara Schwemle, Analyst in American National Government.

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Section 1606—Treasury Cybersecurity Enhancement Account Transfer
Authority
Section 1605 removes the transfer authority in Section 128 of Division B of P.L. 118-47 for
FY2025. Section 128 allowed coronavirus local fiscal recovery funds returned to the Secretary of
the Treasury under Title 42, Section 803(b)(2)(C)(iv), of the U.S. Code to be transferred and
merged with the Department of the Treasury—Cybersecurity Enhancement Account.

Section 1607—Federal Communications Commission Universal Service Fund116
Section 1607 extends until the end of FY2025 an exemption to the Antideficiency Act for the
Universal Service Fund originally put into place in Section 302 of Title III of P.L. 108-494.

Section 1608—Technical Adjustment (Allowance) for Estimating Differences117
Section 1608 establishes that the statutory discretionary spending caps for FY2025 shall be
adjusted upward in the event that either limit (defense or nondefense) would be breached as a
result of estimating differences between CBO and OMB. This provision establishes that the total
of such adjustments, if any, may not exceed 0.25% of the sum of the adjusted discretionary
spending limits for all categories for FY2025.
Provisions requiring adjustments to statutory discretionary spending limits to accommodate
estimating differences between CBO and OMB have typically been included in appropriations
acts for fiscal years for which such caps are in effect. In recent practice, such provisions have
been included in the Financial Services and General Government appropriations act.118

Department of Homeland Security119
Unless specified otherwise in the accompanying footnotes, all of the provisions summarized in
this section are included in Title VII of the CR (“Department of Homeland Security”).

Section 1101(a)(6)—Authorization Extensions
Section 1101(a)(6) extends the authorization of three immigration authorities through the end of
FY2025. It does so by referencing Title I of Division G of P.L. 118-47. Sections 102-104 of that
act provided year-long extensions of the authorities for:
•

•
•

the Waiver of Foreign Residence Requirements for Physicians Working in
Underserved Areas program (8 U.S.C. §1182 note, also known as the “Conrad
State 30 Program”);
the E-Verify program (8 U.S.C. §1324a note); and
the Grant Special Immigrant Status to Religious Workers Other Than Ministers
program (8 U.S.C. §1101(a)(27)(C)(ii)(II) and (III)).

116 This section was authored by Patty Figliola, Specialist in Internet and Telecommunications Policy.
117 This section was authored by Drew C. Aherne, Analyst on Congress and the Legislative Process.
118 For more on these provisions, see the section titled “Technical Adjustment (Allowance) for Estimating Differences”

inCRS Report R48387, Exemptions to the Fiscal Responsibility Act’s Discretionary Spending Limits, by Drew C.
Aherne and Megan S. Lynch.
119 The summaries in this section were authored by William L. Painter, Specialist in Homeland Security Policy and
Appropriations.

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Section 1101(a)(6) also extends Section 105 of that act, which provided authority for the
Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to increase the number of temporary
nonagricultural workers allowed into the country under the H-2B program.
These authorization issues were included in the anomalies request from the Biden Administration
for potential inclusion in a CR if no further extension had been made and had been included in the
interim CR as well in Section 101(6).120 The three immigration authority extensions have been
addressed in the appropriations process annually beginning with the FY2016 CR.121 The H-2B
cap increase has been carried every year since the FY2018 CR.122

Section 1701—Funding Changes: ICE, TSA, USCG, and FEMA, Including the
Disaster Relief Fund
Section 1701 increases the funding levels for FY2025 for the Operations and Support
Appropriations for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Transportation Security
Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard (USCG). It also reduces amounts provided to Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Assistance appropriation by $294 million. The
FEMA Federal Assistance appropriation received a total of $3.20 billion in FY2024. This
reduction represents the FY2024 amount provided to this account for CPF/CDS (“earmarks”).
(Section 1111 of the CR establishes that the act does not provide funding for the purposes of the
FY2024 earmarks unless specified otherwise. Neither Section 1111 nor Section 1701 affects the
availability of funds in FY2024 appropriations acts for such earmarks.)123
This section also provides $22.51 billion for FY2025 for the costs of major disasters to FEMA’s
Disaster Relief Fund. Even with the additional resources added to FEMA’s projections, the major
disasters portion of the fund is expected to be depleted in June 2025 unless measures are taken to
slow the rate of obligations.124

Section 1702—Polar Icebreaker Acquisition Fix
Section 1702 provides a technical fix to a provision of the Don Young Coast Guard Authorization
Act of 2022 that authorized the USCG acquisition of a commercially available polar icebreaker
and provided several exceptions to acquisition program requirements for the program.125 The
120 OMB, “Authorization Issues,” August 30, 2024, p. 3, https://www.crs.gov/products/Documents/

FY2025_CR_Authorization_Fixes_TechAsst/pdf/FY2025_CR_Authorization_Fixes_TechAsst.pdf.
121 In FY2016 these extensions appeared in the CR (P.L. 114-53), then as general provisions in the final bill (P.L. 114113, Division G, §§572-574). In FY2017 and FY2018, those general provisions were extended by reference in the CR
(P.L. 114-223, Division C; P.L. 115-56, Division D). In the FY2018 consolidated appropriations act (P.L. 115-141), the
immigration extensions were shifted to a different division (Division M), so in FY2019 they were included by reference
in the first section of the CR (P.L. 115-245, Division C). This pattern of extension in CRs by reference to a year-end
extensions division has continued since. See the next footnote for a more complete list.
122 FY2018, P.L. 115-56, Division D, §101, extended by reference to P.L. 115-31, Division F (FY2017 general
provisions); FY2019, P.L. 115-245, Division C, §101, extended by reference to P.L. 115-141, Division M, Title II
(prior fiscal year extensions, as are all the following); FY2020, P.L. 116-59, Division A, §101, extended by reference to
P.L. 116-6, Division H, Title I; FY2021, P.L. 116-159, §101, extended by reference to P.L. 116-94, Division I, Title I;
FY2022, P.L. 117-43, §101, extended by reference to P.L. 116-260, Division O, Title I, §§101-103 and 105; FY2023,
P.L. 117-180, §101, extended by reference to P.L. 116-260, Division O, Title II; and FY2024, P.L. 118-15, Division A,
§101, extended by reference to P.L. 117-328, Division O, Title III, §§301-304.
123 For more details on changes in funding levels, see CRS Report R48189, Department of Homeland Security
Appropriations: FY2025 State of Play, by William L. Painter.
124 For more details, see CRS Report R47676, Disaster Relief Fund State of Play: In Brief, by William L. Painter.
125 P.L. 117-263, Division K, §11223(b)(1).

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authorization bill inadvertently left several requirements in effect that needed to be delayed in
order to allow the acquisition to proceed.126
This anomaly was included in the anomalies request list from the Biden Administration and in
Section 133 of the interim CR for FY2025 (Division A of P.L. 118-83).

Section 1703—USCG Senior Enlisted Ratio
Section 1703 waives a cap on the relative number of Senior Chief Petty Officers and Master
Chief Petty Officers (E-8s and E-9s) in the USCG for FY2025.127 Section 222 of the Housepassed Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2024 included a somewhat similar provision providing
for a specific increase in the ratio of these senior noncommissioned officers to total USCG
enlisted personnel through FY2027.
While not requested by the Biden Administration as part of CR discussions, this anomaly had
been included in Section 152 of the interim CR for FY2025 (Division A of P.L. 118-83). It was
intended to prevent unpredictable workforce shortages and retention issues from affecting the
USCG leadership development pipeline.128

Section 1704—Secret Service Premium Pay
Section 1704 raises the limit on funding for U.S. Secret Service premium pay in excess of regular
statutory limits from $24 million to $35 million.

Section 1705—USCG Towing Fee Collection
Section 1705 terminates the effect for FY2025 of an FY2024 administrative provision that
restricted the USCG from collecting fees on the inspection of towing vessels until it took certain
regulatory steps.

Section 1706—Rescission of Unobligated Funds
Section 1706 rescinds $30 million in unobligated operations and support funds provided by the
FY2024 DHS appropriations act from 10 DHS components.

Section 1707—Nonrecurring Expenses Fund Rescission
Section 1707 rescinds $133 million from the DHS Nonrecurring Expenses Fund. The fund was
established by Section 538 of the FY2022 DHS appropriations act to receive unobligated
appropriations up to five years after their expiration to fund information technology
improvements and facilities infrastructure improvements for DHS. Rescissions from the fund
have frequently been used to offset the discretionary cost of the DHS appropriations bill.

126 P.L. 117-263, Division K, §11223(b)(2).
127 For any military service, Title 10, Section 517, of the U.S. Code limits the number of E-8s on any given day to no

more than 2% (2.5% for the Army) of the total enlisted ranks as of January 1 and the number of E-9s to no more than
1%. Those on active duty for training or work with the reserves are not included in the total.
128 See, for example, Jared Serbu, “Coast Guard Weathers Operational Cutbacks Amid Serious Personnel Shortage,”
Federal News Network, August 13, 2024, https://federalnewsnetwork.com/defense-news/2024/08/coast-guardweathers-operational-cutbacks-amid-serious-personnel-shortage/.

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Section 1708—FEMA Grant Offset
Section 1708 offsets the cost of $115 million of FEMA’s Federal Assistance appropriation by
deriving it from unobligated balances of dam safety grants provided under the IIJA (P.L. 117-58).

Section 1709—National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Reauthorization
Section 1709 extends the authorization for the NFIP to continue to operate for the remainder of
FY2025 by altering the application of two provisions in the U.S. Code.
The first provision is a temporary extension of the NFIP’s borrowing authority, and the second is
a termination date for the NFIP’s authority to issue new policies. Both provisions are necessary to
extend normal NFIP operations. The NFIP has $30.4 billion of borrowing authority that would
have expired at the end of FY2024 had it not been extended by the interim CRs.129 Section
1709(a)

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/crs%3AR48517. Public record. Not legal advice.