# Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations for FY2024 > Briefs, arguments, decisions, and more. URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/crs%3AR47687 ## Record - **Collection:** Congressional research report - **Document type:** CRS Report - **Published:** June 26, 2024 - **Citation:** R47687 ## Text Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations for FY2024 Updated June 26, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47687 SUMMARY Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations for FY2024 The House and the Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing annual appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and certain related agencies. This report tracks the progress of the FY2024 THUD appropriations legislation. R47687 June 26, 2024 Maggie McCarty, Coordinator Specialist in Housing Policy Jennifer J. Marshall Analyst in Transportation Policy The FY2024 appropriations process began with the release of the President’s Budget request to Congress on March 9, 2023. For the agencies that comprise the THUD budget, it proposed the following: • $27.9 billion in discretionary funding for DOT, which is 3.1% less than enacted for FY2023. The budget also included $79.4 billion in mandatory funding, for an overall DOT total of $107.3 billion (+0.8% compared to FY2023). (DOT will also receive an additional $36.8 billion outside the FY2024 appropriation process from Division J of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act [IIJA].) • $70.6 billion in net budget authority—which accounts for savings from offsetting receipts and collections, which is 21% more than the comparable FY2023 non-emergency total and 14% more when accounting for the emergency funding for regular program activities. In terms of gross appropriations (not accounting for offsets or rescissions), there is $73.3 billion in gross new appropriations for HUD, which is 7.0% more than enacted for FY2023. However, the FY2023 appropriations law also included $3.6 billion in emergency funding to support regular HUD program activities. When accounting for those funds, the FY2024 request is 1.6% more than FY2023. • $453 million for the THUD related agencies, 7.9% more than FY2023. As a part of the negotiations over a debt limit increase, Congress adopted discretionary spending caps intended to reduce overall spending relative to FY2023 via the Fiscal Responsibility Act (P.L. 118-5). No budget resolution was adopted in FY2024, but that debt limit agreement served to structure the FY2024 process. The THUD subcommittee’s initial spending allocations for FY2024 (or 302(b) allocations) were set 25.3% below FY2023 in the House and 0.9% above FY2023 in the Senate (excluding emergency funding). On July 24, the House Appropriations Committee reported its FY2024 THUD appropriations bill, following subcommittee markup on July 12. H.R. 4820, as reported, proposed $144.6 billion in total funding—$65.2 billion in discretionary funding—for THUD in FY2024, including the following: • $21.6 billion in discretionary funding for DOT, which is 24.9% less than FY2023. H.R. 4820 also included $79.3 billion in mandatory funding, for an overall DOT total of $100.9 billion (-5.1% compared to FY2023). • $68.2 billion in net budget authority for HUD, which is an increase of 17.3% above the comparable FY2023 non-emergency total and a 10.4% increase when accounting for emergency funding for regular program operations. Excluding savings from offsets and rescissions, H.R. 4820 proposed $71.5 billion in gross appropriations to fund HUD’s programs and activities; that is an increase of 4.3% above the FY2023 non-emergency total and a 0.9% decrease when accounting for emergency funding provided in FY2023 for regular program operations. • • $452 million for the THUD related agencies, 7.8% more than FY2023. A rescission of $25.0 billion in funding from the Department of the Treasury’s Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Floor consideration of H.R. 4820 began on November 6, following Rules Committee action on November 2; proceedings were suspended without resolution on November 7. Congressional Research Service THUD Appropriations: FY2024 On July 20, the Senate Appropriations Committee reported its FY2024 THUD appropriations bill, S. 2437. The text of that bill was incorporated into a three-bill package (H.R. 4366) and passed by the full Senate on November 1, 2023. It proposed $167.5 billion in total regular funding—including $88.1 billion in regular discretionary budget authority—as well as $10.8 billion in emergency funding for THUD in FY2024. It included the following: • $28.0 billion in non-emergency net discretionary funding for DOT, which is 2.7% less than FY2023, but 30% more than H.R. 4820. Including mandatory funding, the overall proposed DOT total was $107.4 billion (1.0% more than FY2023 and 6.4% more than H.R. 4820). Additionally, the Senate bill proposed $469 million in emergency discretionary funding for regular program operations at the FAA. • $59.7 billion in net budget authority for HUD, which is 2.6% more than FY2023 and 12.4% less than H.R. 4820. Excluding savings from offsets and rescissions, S. 2437 proposed $62.7 billion in gross regular (nonemergency) appropriations for HUD, a decrease of 8.6% relative to FY2023 and a decrease of 12.4% relative to H.R. 4820. As in FY2023, S. 2437 proposed additional emergency-designated funding ($10.4 billion) to support HUD’s regular program activities. When accounting for these emergency funds, S. 2437 included $73.0 billion in gross appropriations for HUD in FY2024, which is 1.2% more than FY2023 and 2.1% more than H.R. 4820. • $438 million for the THUD related agencies (4.3% more than FY2023; 3.2% less than H.R. 4820). Because full-year appropriations were not enacted before the start of the fiscal year, Congress passed and the President signed a series of a continuing resolutions (CRs) to fund the government—including those agencies typically funded under the THUD bill. These CRs generally funded agencies at their FY2023 levels, with some anomalies addressing technical budget issues. (Several CRs also extended the federal aviation program’s authorization, which was scheduled to expire on October 1, 2023.) On March 9, 2024, the FY2024 Consolidated Appropriations Act was signed into law (P.L. 118-42), following passage by the House on March 6 and the Senate on March 8. The law provides FY2024 funding for six bills, including THUD (Division F). It contains the following: • $27.0 billion in non-emergency net discretionary funding for DOT, which is 6.1% less than FY2023, about 25% more than was proposed in the House Appropriations Committee bill, and 3.5% less than was proposed by the Senate. Including mandatory funding, the overall DOT total is $106.4 billion (essentially equal to FY2023). • $62.1 billion in regular (non-emergency) net budget authority for HUD, which is 6.7% more than FY2023, about 9% less than proposed by the House Appropriations Committee, and 4% more than proposed by the Senate. This net total reflects $67.7 billion in gross regular (non-emergency) appropriations for HUD (which is a decrease of 1.1% relative to FY2023) and $5.7 billion in savings from offsets and rescissions. The amount of savings from offsets and rescissions is 47% less than FY2023, but more than double what was estimated for the House Appropriations Committee and Senate bills, as a result of scoring instructions from the Budget committees. Additionally, as in FY2023 and proposed in the Senate, the final law provides emergency funding ($8 billion) to support HUD’s regular program activities. When accounting for these emergency funds, the law provides $75.7 billion in gross appropriations for HUD in FY2024, which is 5% more than FY2023, nearly 6% more than the House Appropriations Committee bill, and 3.7% more than the Senate. • $428 million for the THUD related agencies (1.9% more than FY2023, 5.4% less than H.R. 4820, and 2.3% less than the Senate). Congressional Research Service THUD Appropriations: FY2024 Contents FY2024 Budget Process .................................................................................................................. 1 Statutory Budget Enforcement in FY2024 ................................................................................ 1 Procedural Budget Enforcement in FY2024 ............................................................................. 2 FY2024 THUD Appropriations Process .......................................................................................... 3 President’s Budget..................................................................................................................... 3 House Action ............................................................................................................................. 4 Senate Action ............................................................................................................................ 4 Continuing Resolutions ............................................................................................................. 5 Final Action ............................................................................................................................... 5 Department of Transportation.......................................................................................................... 7 Major Differences Between House and Senate Proposed Funding ......................................... 12 Additional Funding for FY2024 Provided in the IIJA ............................................................ 13 Department of Housing and Urban Development ......................................................................... 14 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 14 FY2024 HUD Appropriations ................................................................................................. 15 Selected FY2024 HUD Appropriations Topics ....................................................................... 19 Declining FHA Receipts ................................................................................................... 19 Emergency-Designated Funding for Rental Assistance Renewals ................................... 20 Program Eliminations and Reductions in H.R. 4820 ........................................................ 21 General Provisions ............................................................................................................ 22 THUD Related Agencies ............................................................................................................... 24 Figures Figure 1. Rental Assistance Renewal Funding .............................................................................. 21 Tables Table 1. FY2024 THUD 302(b) Suballocations in Context ............................................................ 3 Table 2. THUD Appropriations by Bill Title, FY2023-FY2024...................................................... 6 Table 3. Department of Transportation, FY2023-FY2024 Detailed Appropriations ....................... 8 Table 4. FY2024 DOT Budget Authority by Administration and Source ..................................... 13 Table 5. Department of Housing and Urban Development, FY2023-FY2024 Detailed Appropriations ................................................................................. 15 Table 6. THUD Related Agencies, FY2023-FY2024 Detailed Appropriations ............................ 25 Contacts Author Information........................................................................................................................ 26 Congressional Research Service THUD Appropriations: FY2024 he House and the Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing annual appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and certain related agencies. T This report describes action on FY2024 annual appropriations for THUD, including detailed tables for each major agency and a brief overview of selected issues. FY2024 Budget Process Appropriations for DOT, HUD, and the related agencies typically funded in the THUD bill happen in the context of the broader annual congressional appropriations process. That process generally begins with the submission of the President’s budget request, followed by adoption of congressional spending limits (generally, in a budget resolution) that set the overall level of spending for that fiscal year’s appropriations bills. From there, the subcommittees of the House and Senate Committees on Appropriations generally begin action on each of the 12 appropriations bills. While each bill reported out of the Appropriations Committee may receive floor consideration individually, in recent years it has been more common for bills to be considered in combination with one another in consolidated or omnibus appropriations acts. The President’s budget request for the upcoming fiscal year is due to be submitted to Congress by the first Monday in February. The President’s budget request for FY2024 was submitted on March 9, 2023, about five weeks after it was due. It was preceded by the enactment of FY2023 full-year annual appropriations (P.L. 117-328) on December 29, 2022, about three months into the fiscal year. The delay of the budget submission allowed the FY2023 funding amounts in the budget materials generally to reflect the annual appropriations as enacted in late December.1 For FY2024, the discretionary spending levels in appropriations measures are enforceable by both statutory and procedural means. Statutory budget enforcement is through the discretionary spending limits in the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (BBEDCA; P.L. 99-177), as amended. These statutory limits are enforced through sequestration, which is largely across-the-board reductions made to the category of spending that is in excess of the limit (defense or nondefense), to eliminate the excess spending.2 Procedural budget enforcement is primarily associated with the budget resolution, which provides a process for the House and Senate to agree on budgetary targets ahead of consideration of spending and revenue legislation. These targets are enforced through points of order. Statutory Budget Enforcement in FY2024 The statutory limits on discretionary spending that were in effect for the FY2024 funding cycle were enacted as part of the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 (FRA; P.L. 118-5) on June 3, 2023.3 (Prior to the FRA, statutory limits on discretionary spending had been in effect between FY2012 1 On May 9, the President submitted amendments to the FY2024 budget that included changes to the language, but not the amounts, requested for specified HUD and DOT accounts. See budget amendments package at https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/FY_2024_Budget_Amendment_Corrections_5-9-23.pdf. 2 The Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 also contains procedures by which these limits might be temporarily or permanently adjusted in the case of a continuing resolution. For a summary of these adjustments, see CRS Insight IN12168, Discretionary Spending Caps in the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023, by Grant A. Driessen and Megan S. Lynch. 3 CRS Insight IN12168, Discretionary Spending Caps in the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023, by Grant A. Driessen and Megan S. Lynch. Congressional Research Service 1 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 and FY2021, but had expired at the end of FY2021.4) The FRA amended the BBEDCA to provide limits on defense discretionary (all spending under budget function 050) and nondefense discretionary (all other spending) for FY2024 and FY2025.5 Nearly all of the funding in the THUD bill is subject to the nondefense limit. The statutory limit on nondefense discretionary spending for FY2024 is $703.65 billion. This is a $40.2 billion (-5%) reduction relative to FY2023 enacted nondefense discretionary funding, when accounting for Congressional Budget Office (CBO) scorekeeping, and prior to any adjustments to the limits pursuant to BBEDCA authorities.6 Procedural Budget Enforcement in FY2024 The budget resolution process dates back to the Congressional Budget Act of 1974. It is used each year to impose a limit on total discretionary spending available to the appropriations committees (commonly referred to as a 302(a) allocation) and, subsequently, limits on spending under the jurisdiction of each appropriations subcommittee (referred to as 302(b) suballocations).7 As of the cover date of this report, there was no House or Senate action on a FY2024 budget resolution. For the purposes of providing 302(a) allocations and budgetary aggregates for the consideration of FY2024 appropriations, as well as other matters that would have been traditionally associated with the budget resolution, the FRA directed the Chairs of the House Budget Committee and Senate Budget Committee to enter those amounts into the Congressional Record as soon as practicable. These were published in the Senate on June 21, 2023, but were not published in the House.8 Generally, the next step in the appropriations process is for each of the appropriations committees to adopt suballocations from the total amount allocated to them. These 302(b) suballocations provide a limit on current-year (i.e., FY2024) appropriations within each subcommittee’s jurisdiction and incorporate any applicable scorekeeping adjustments made by CBO.9 On June 15, 2023, the House Appropriations Committee voted to report its initial suballocations for all 12 bills, including THUD (33-27).10 Subsequently, the Senate Appropriations Committee voted to 4 These limits were initially established in 2011 by the amendments made by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA; P.L. 112-25) to the BBEDCA, but they were subsequently revised several times over the course of their effectiveness. For a summary of these changes, see CRS Insight IN11148, The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019: Changes to the BCA and Debt Limit, by Grant A. Driessen and Megan S. Lynch. 5 For further information, see CRS Insight IN12183, The FRA’s Discretionary Spending Caps Under a CR: FAQs, by Drew C. Aherne and Megan S. Lynch . 6 These calculations are based on the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), Report on the Status of Discretionary Appropriations, FY2023, U.S. Senate, February 10, 2023, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files?file=2023-02/FY2023Senate-2022-12-23.pdf. CBO tabulates a slightly different amount of funding using House conventions in CBO, Report on the Status of Discretionary Appropriations, FY2023, U.S. House of Representatives, February 10, 2023, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files?file=2023-02/FY2023-House-2022-12-23.pdf. For more information, see CRS Insight IN12183, The FRA’s Discretionary Spending Caps Under a CR: FAQs, by Drew C. Aherne and Megan S. Lynch. 7 For further information, see CRS Report 98-815, Budget Resolution Enforcement, by Bill Heniff Jr. 8 “Budget Enforcement Levels,” Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 169, no. 108 (June 21, 2023), pp. S2180- S2181. 9 Such suballocations are commonly revised throughout the appropriations process to reflect changing budgetary priorities. 10 The House Appropriations Committee suballocations have not yet been formally reported, but have been published by the House Appropriations Committee at https://appropriations.house.gov/sites/republicans.appropriations.house.gov/ files/documents/FY24%20House%20Subcommittee%20Allocations%206.13.23_0.pdf. Congressional Research Service 2 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 report its suballocations on June 22, 2023 (15-13);11 they were subsequently amended several times.12 Table 1 shows the suballocation to the THUD Subcommittees, compared to the applicable FY2023 enacted level, the President’s FY2024 budget request, and FY2024 enacted figures. Table 1. FY2024 THUD 302(b) Suballocations in Context (dollars in billions) THUD Regular Discretionary Net Budget Authority FY2022 Enacted FY2023 Enacted President’s FY2024 Request House FY2024 302(b) Senate FY2024 302(b) FY2024 Enacted 81.038 87.332 98.876 65.208 97.484a 89.484 Sources: The FY2022 Enacted amounts are from CBO, Report on the Status of Discretionary Appropriations, Fiscal Year 2022, House of Representatives, as of July 28, 2022, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2022-08/ FY2022-House-2022-07-28.pdf. The FY2023 Enacted amounts are from CBO, CBO Estimate for Divisions A through N of H.R. 2617 (as modified by S.A. 6552), the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, December 21, 2022, https://www.cbo.gov/publication/58872. The FY2024 House Appropriations Committee initial suballocations are as published at https://appropriations.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicansappropriations.house.gov/files/documents/FY24%20House%20Subcommittee%20Allocations%206.13.23_0.pdf. The latest FY2023 Senate Appropriations Committee suballocations as of the date of this report were as published in S.Rept. 118-169, but have been adjusted to account for the $10.371 billion in emergency spending not subject to spending caps. The FY2024 enacted comes from the CBO score of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2024-03/ Consolidated%20Appropriations%20Act%202024.pdf. See Table 2 for President’s Budget amount. Notes: Amounts reflect current-year discretionary budget authority subject to spending limits. Emergency appropriations and mandatory funding, which do not count against discretionary spending limits, are excluded. a. Total appears to include amounts designated for an emergency requirement, which, in the Senate bill, totaled $10.371 billion. FY2024 THUD Appropriations Process The following summarizes FY2024 appropriations actions; Table 2 tracks FY2024 THUD funding at the bill title level. President’s Budget As noted earlier, the President’s Budget request to Congress was submitted on March 9, 2023. For the agencies that comprise the THUD budget, it proposed the following: • $27.9 billion in discretionary funding for DOT, which is 3.1% less than enacted for FY2023. The budget also included $79.4 billion in mandatory funding, for an overall DOT total of $107.3 billion (+0.8% compared to FY2023). (DOT will also receive an additional $36.8 billion outside the FY2024 appropriation process from Division J of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act [IIJA].) 11 S.Rept. 118-45. 12 S.Rept. 118-57, S.Rept. 118-69, S.Rept. 118-78, S.Rept. 118-98, S.Rept. 118-108, S.Rept. 118-162, S.Rept. 118-169. Congressional Research Service 3 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 • • $70.6 billion in net budget authority—which accounts for savings from offsetting receipts and collections, which is 21% more than the comparable FY2023 nonemergency total and 14% more when accounting for the emergency funding for regular program activities. In terms of gross appropriations (not accounting or offsets or rescissions), there is $73.3 billion in gross new appropriations for HUD, which is 7.0% more than enacted for FY2023. However, the FY2023 appropriations law also included $3.6 billion in emergency funding to support regular HUD program activities. When accounting for those funds, the FY2024 request is 1.6% more than FY2023. $453 million for the THUD related agencies, 7.9% more than FY2023. House Action On July 24, 2023, the House Appropriations Committee reported its FY2024 THUD appropriations bill, following subcommittee markup on July 12. H.R. 4820, as reported, proposed $144.6 billion in total funding—$65.2 billion in discretionary funding—for THUD in FY2024, including the following: • • • • $21.6 billion in discretionary funding for DOT, which is 24.9% less than FY2023. H.R. 4820 also included $79.3 billion in mandatory funding, for an overall DOT total of $100.9 billion (-5.1% compared to FY2023). $68.2 billion in net budget authority for HUD, which is an increase of 17.3% above the comparable FY2023 non-emergency total and a 10.4% increase when accounting for emergency funding for regular program operations. Excluding savings from offsets and rescissions, H.R. 4820 proposed $71.5 billion in gross appropriations to fund HUD’s programs and activities; that is an increase of 4.3% above the FY2023 non-emergency total and a 0.9% decrease when accounting for emergency funding provided in FY2023 for regular program operations. $452 million for the THUD related agencies, 7.8% more than FY2023. A rescission of $25.0 billion in funding from the Department of the Treasury’s Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Floor consideration of H.R. 4820 began on November 6, following Rules Committee action on November 2; proceedings were suspended without resolution on November 7. Senate Action On July 20, the Senate Appropriations Committee reported its FY2024 THUD appropriations bill, S. 2437. The text of that legislation was incorporated into a three-bill spending package and passed by the full Senate on November 1 (H.R. 4366). It included $167.5 billion in total regular funding—including $88.1 billion in regular discretionary budget authority—as well as $10.8 billion in emergency funding for THUD in FY2024. It proposed the following: • $28.0 billion in non-emergency net discretionary funding for DOT, which is 2.7% less than FY2023, but 30% more than H.R. 4820. Including mandatory funding, the overall proposed DOT total was $107.4 billion (1.0% more than FY2023 and 6.4% more than H.R. 4820). Additionally, the Senate bill proposed $469 million in emergency discretionary funding for regular program operations at the FAA. Congressional Research Service 4 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 • • $59.7 billion in net budget authority for HUD, which is 2.6% more than FY2023 and 12.4% less than H.R. 4820. Excluding savings from offsets and rescissions, S. 2437 proposed $62.7 billion in gross regular (non-emergency) appropriations for HUD, a decrease of 8.6% relative to FY2023 and a decrease of 12.4% relative to H.R. 4820. As in FY2023, S. 2437 proposed additional emergency-designated funding ($10.4 billion) to support HUD’s regular program activities. When accounting for these emergency funds, S. 2437 included $73.0 billion in gross appropriations for HUD in FY2024, which is 1.2% more than FY2023 and 2.1% more than H.R. 4820. $438 million for the THUD related agencies (4.3% more than FY2023; 3.2% less than H.R. 4820). Continuing Resolutions Because full-year appropriations were not enacted before the start of the fiscal year, Congress passed and the President signed a series of continuing resolutions (CRs) to fund the government—including those agencies typically funded under the THUD bill—until final enactment of full-year appropriations. • • • • The first CR extended funding through November 17, 2023 (P.L. 118-15). It generally funded agencies at their FY2023 levels, with some anomalies addressing technical budget issues. The CR also extended the federal aviation program’s authorization, which was scheduled to expire on October 1, 2023, through December 31, 2023. That date was further extended, through March 8, 2024, by the Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2023, Part II (P.L. 118-34). A second CR was enacted on November 16, 2023 (P.L. 118-22). It extended the term of the prior CR through January 19, 2024, for four appropriation bills, including THUD; and through February 2, 2024, for the remaining eight bills. A third CR was signed into law on January 19, 2024, which extended funding for four appropriations bills, including THUD, through March 1, 2024; and for the remaining eight bills through March 8, 2024 (P.L. 118-35). The fourth and final CR was signed into law on March 1, 2024 (P.L. 118-40). It extended funding for THUD and the three other bills with funding slated to expire that day through March 8, 2024 (and the remaining eight bills through March 22, 2024). Final Action On March 9, 2024, the FY2024 Consolidated Appropriations Act was signed into law (P.L. 11842), following passage by the House on March 6 and the Senate on March 8. The law provides full FY2024 funding for six bills, including THUD (Division F). It contains the following: • • $27.0 billion in non-emergency net discretionary funding for DOT, which is 6.1% less than FY2023, about 25% more than was proposed in the House Appropriations Committee bill, and 3.5% less than was proposed by the Senate. Including mandatory funding, the overall DOT total is $106.4 billion (essentially equal to FY2023). $62.1 billion in regular (non-emergency) net budget authority for HUD, which is 6.7% more than FY2023, about 9% less than proposed by the House Appropriations Committee, and 4% more than proposed by the Senate. This net Congressional Research Service 5 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 • total reflects $67.7 billion in gross regular (non-emergency) appropriations for HUD (which is a decrease of 1.1% relative to FY2023) and $5.7 billion in savings from offsets and rescissions. The amount of savings from offsets and rescissions is 47% less than FY2023, but more than double what was estimated for the House Appropriations Committee and Senate bills, as a result of scoring instructions from the Budget committees. Additionally, as in FY2023 and proposed in the Senate, the final law provides emergency funding ($8 billion) to support HUD’s regular program activities. When accounting for these emergency funds, the law provides $75.7 billion in gross appropriations for HUD in FY2024, which is 5% more than FY2023, nearly 6% more than the House Appropriations Committee bill, and 3.7% more than the Senate. $428 million for the THUD related agencies (1.9% more than FY2023, 5.4% less than H.R. 4820, and 2.3% less than the Senate). Table 2. THUD Appropriations by Bill Title, FY2023-FY2024 (dollars in millions) FY2024 Request FY2024 House Comm. 106,349a 107,252 100,915 107,366b 106,365 Discretionary 28,735a 27,850 21,574 27,964b 26,987c Mandatory 77,614 79,402 79,342 79,402 79,378 58,178d 70,573 68,217 59,689e 62,069f,c 420 453 452 438 428 0 -25,035 0 0 164,946e 178,278 144,550 167,493g 168,862f Total Discretionary 87,332e 98,876 65,208 88,091g 89,484f Total Mandatory 77,614 79,402 79,342 79,402 79,378 Emergency Appropriations 9,640h 0 0 10,840i 8,000j Additional Appropriations (DOT, IIJA) 36,811 36,811 36,811 36,811 36,811 FY2023 Enacted Title I: DOT Title II: HUD Title III: Related Agencies Title IV: General Provisions THUD Total FY2024 Senate FY2024 Enacted Sources: FY2023 Enacted, FY2024 President’s Request, and FY2024 House figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 118-154, as well as congressional budget justifications. FY2024 Senate figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in S.Rept. 118-70. Final FY2024 enacted figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority tables published in the Explanatory Statement accompanying H.R. 4366 as passed the House and the Senate, as well as the text of the Explanatory Statement and bill, all available in the March 5, 2024, Congressional Record for Division F. IIJA appropriations taken from S.Rept. 118-70 accompanying S. 2437, “Other Appropriations.” Some figures have been adjusted for comparability. Notes: Values may not sum to totals or exactly match source materials because of rounding. Totals include both discretionary budget authority and contract authority (a type of mandatory budget authority provided to DOT that is not included in the bill’s discretionary budget authority figure). Amounts noted as “emergency” are excluded when calculating total funds countable towards 302(b) allocation. a. Excludes $1.107 billion in supplemental appropriations designated as an emergency requirement provided by Division N of P.L. 117-328, shown under “Emergency Appropriations” later in this table. b. Excludes $469 million in appropriations designated as emergency spending in the bill, shown under “Emergency Appropriations” later in this table. Congressional Research Service 6 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. Section 549 of Division C of P.L. 118-47 amended the FY2024 THUD appropriations act to rescind from unobligated balances $1 million from HUD’s Community Development Fund account (Economic Development Initiatives grants) and to increase funding for DOT’s Transit Infrastructure Grants by $1 million. Those adjustments are not reflected in this table. Excludes $2 billion in emergency disaster Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR) funding provided by P.L. 117-180 and $6.623 billion in supplemental funding for HUD provided in Division N of P.L. 117-328, shown under “Emergency Appropriations” later in this table. Excludes $10.371 billion in appropriations designated as emergency spending in the bill, shown under “Emergency Appropriations” later in this table. Excludes $8 billion in appropriations designated as emergency spending in the bill, shown under “Emergency Appropriations” later in this table. Excludes $10.840 billion in appropriations designated as emergency spending in the bill, shown under “Emergency Appropriations” later in this table. Excludes $36.811 billion in advance appropriations provided to DOT in Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58). Includes $7.640 billion in supplemental appropriations designated as an emergency requirement provided by Division N of P.L. 117-328 and $2 billion in enacted funding from Section 155 of the FY2023 Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 117-180) for CDBG disaster recovery grants (CDBG-DR) for unmet needs arising from disasters declared in 2021 and 2022. Excludes $1 billion in mandatory funding appropriated to HUD by Title III of the Inflation Reduction Act (P.L. 117-169) for “Improving energy efficiency or water efficiency or climate resilience of affordable housing”; and $36.811 billion in advance appropriations provided to DOT in Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58). Reflects $10.840 billion in appropriations for regular program operations designated as emergency spending in the bill. Reflects $8 billion in appropriations for regular program operations designated as emergency spending in the bill. Department of Transportation DOT operates the nation’s air traffic control system; regulates aviation, commercial trucking, and motor vehicle safety; and provides grants to support aviation, highway, transit, and passenger rail infrastructure as well as highway, maritime, and pipeline safety. The majority of DOT’s annual funding is established by two periodic authorization acts, one for surface transportation programs and one for aviation programs. Most of the funding for the programs in those acts is drawn from the DOT Highway Trust Fund and the Aviation and Airways Trust Fund, respectively. Highway Trust Fund revenues come largely from fuel taxes and increasingly from transfers from the general fund of the Treasury. Aviation and Airways Trust Fund revenues come largely from taxes on passenger tickets and aviation fuel and some general fund money. Most of the funding drawn from the Highway Trust Fund, and a portion of the funding drawn from the Aviation and Airways Trust Fund, is in the form of contract authority, a type of budget authority that is considered mandatory, rather than discretionary, and thus does not count against the THUD bill’s 302(b) suballocation. Thus, while DOT’s discretionary appropriation for FY2024 was $27 billion, the agency also received $79 billion in new mandatory funding from its trust funds, for a total of $106 billion in new budget authority, roughly equal to FY2023. DOT also received an additional $37 billion in advance appropriations for FY2024 from the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58), for a grand total of $143 billion in newly available funding for FY2024, about the same as in FY2023. Table 3 provides detailed appropriations information for DOT accounts and selected sub-accounts, comparing FY2023 enacted to FY2024 requested, proposed, and enacted. Congressional Research Service 7 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 Table 3. Department of Transportation, FY2023-FY2024 Detailed Appropriations (dollars in millions) FY2023 Enacted FY2024 Request FY2024 House Comm. FY2024 Senate FY2024 Enacted Office of the Secretary (OST) 1,550 2,104 674 1,524 1,067 Salaries and Expenses 171 220 177 191 191 Research and Technology 49 67 42 51 49 National Infrastructure Investments 800 1,220 — 800 345 Thriving Communities Initiative 25 100 — — — National Surface Transportation and Innovation Finance Bureau 9 11 11 10 10 Rural and Tribal Infrastructure Enhancement — — — 25 25 Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Program (negative subsidy) — -3 -3 -3 -3 Financial Management Capital 5 5 5 5 5 Cyber Security Initiatives 48 49 49 49 49 Office of Civil Rights 15 29 15 18 18 Transportation Planning, Research, and Development 37 25 25 24 24 Community Project Funding/Congressionally Directed Spending (non-add) 13 — — 3 3 505 — 522 522 522 5 7 5 5 5 Payments to air carriers (Essential Air Service) 355 349 349 349 349 Essential Air Service (Overflight Fees) (non-add) 122 154 — 155 154 Electric Vehicle Fleet — 26 — — — Volpe National Transportation Systems Center 5 — — — — National Infrastructure Investments (Sec. 109) (reappropriation) 27 — — — — 15,674 16,458 16,203 16,461 16,733 Operations 11,915 12,741 12,730 12,741 12,730 Facilities & equipment 2,945 3,462 2,973 2,960 3,191 Administrations and Accounts Appropriationsa Working Capital Fund (non-add) Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization and Outreach Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Congressional Research Service 8 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 FY2023 Enacted FY2024 Request FY2024 House Comm. FY2024 Senate FY2024 Enacted Community Project Funding/Congressionally Directed Spending (non-add) 45 — — 15 15 Research, Engineering, and Development (Airport & Airway Trust Fund) 255 255 196 260 280 Airport Discretionary Grants 559 — 304 501 532 284 — 304 201 482 Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) 3,418 — 1,362 2,047 2,225 Highway Infrastructure Programs 3,418 — 1,362 2,047 2,225 1,863 — 1,212 702 1,884 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) 210 304 260 222 223 Operations and research 210 304 260 222 223 Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) 3,407 4,770 1,453 3,454 3,024 Safety and Operations 250 273 274 268 268 Railroad Research and Development 44 59 44 59 54 Federal-State Partnership for Intercity Passenger Rail 100 560 — 100 75 Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements 535 510 259 573 199 Community Project Funding/Congressionally Directed Spending (non-add) 30 — 29 73 99 Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements (Sec. 159) 25 — — — — Railroad Crossing Elimination Program — 250 — — — Restoration and Enhancement grants — 50 — — — 2,453 3,068 876 2,454 2,428 Northeast Corridor 1,260 1,227 99 1,141 1,141 National Network 1,193 1,841 776 1,313 1,286 3,474 3,038 681 2,876 2,615 542 — 131 268 252b 361 — 131 82 207 Administrations and Accounts Community Project Funding/Congressionally Directed Spending (non-add) Community Project Funding/Congressionally Directed Spending (non-add) Amtrak Grants Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Transit Infrastructure Grants Community Project Funding/Congressionally Directed Spending (non-add) Congressional Research Service 9 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 FY2023 Enacted FY2024 Request FY2024 House Comm. FY2024 Senate FY2024 Enacted Transit Research — 30 — — — Technical Assistance and Training 8 8 8 8 8 2,210 2,850 392 2,450 2,205 Capital Investment Grants (Sec. 165) 425 — — — — Grants to Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority 150 150 150 150 150 Capital Investment Grants (reappropriation) 140 — — — — Great Lakes Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation 39 40 40 40 40 Operations and Maintenance 39 40 40 40 40 Maritime Administration (MARAD) 963 980 760 1,205 982 Maritime Security Program 318 318 318 318 318 Cable Security Fleet 10 — 10 10 10 Tanker Security Program 60 60 60 120 60 Operations and Training 213 290 210 284 268 State Maritime Academy Operations 121 53 57 131 126 Assistance to Small Shipyards 20 20 20 20 9 Ship Disposal 6 6 6 6 6 Maritime Guaranteed Loan Program 3 3 3 103 54 Port Infrastructure Development Program 212 230 70 213 120 — — 70 — 70 National Defense Reserve Fleet — — 6 — 12 Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) 291 340 311 333 324 Operational Expenses 30 32 32 32 32 Hazardous Material Safety 71 81 81 75 75 Pipeline Safety 190 228 198 226 218 Office of Inspector General 108 121 121 116 116 Salaries and expenses 108 121 121 116 116 28,972 27,958 21,693 28,082 27,162 -399 -306 -287 -314 -363 PHMSA—User Fees -161 -198 -167 -196 -188 OST—National Infrastructure Investments (Sec. 109) -27 -3 -9 -9 -9 Administrations and Accounts Capital Investments Grants Community Project Funding/Congressionally Directed Spending (non-add) Total Appropriations Rescissions, User Fees and Other Offsets Congressional Research Service 10 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 FY2023 Enacted FY2024 Request FY2024 House Comm. FY2024 Senate FY2024 Enacted FAA—Rescission of Unobligated Balances — — — -2 -2 FHWA—Administrative Provisions — -105 -105 -53 -68 FRA—Rescission -3 — — -53 -53 -140 — — -1 -1 — — — -1 -1 -140 — — — — -67 — -6 — -42 Maritime Security Program -55 — -6 — -17 Tanker Security Program — — — — -21 Ship Disposal -12 — — — -4 — — — 469 — — — — 469 — Net Discretionary Budget Authority 28,735c 27,850 21,574 28,433d 26,987b Limitations on obligations (Mandatory Funding) 77,614 79,402 79,342 79,402 79,378 106,349c 107,252 100,915 107,834d 106,365b 36,811 36,811 36,811 36,811 36,811 143,160 144,063 137,726 144,645 143,176b Administrations and Accounts FTA Unobligated Balances (Rescission)(Sec. 165) Capital Investment Grants (Rescission) MARAD Emergency Appropriations FTA Total Budgetary Resources (Mandatory + Discretionary) Additional (Advance) Appropriations (Emergency) Total Budgetary Resources, Including Emergency Sources: FY2023 Enacted, FY2024 President’s Request, and FY2024 House figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 118-154 beginning on page 410, as well as congressional budget justifications and the text of H.Rept. 118-154 and H.R. 4820. FY2024 Senate figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in S.Rept. 11870, beginning on page 219, as well as the text of S.Rept. 118-70 and S. 2437. Final FY2024 enacted figures are taken from the text of the Explanatory Statement and text of H.R. 4366, as published in the March 5, 2024, Congressional Record for Division F. Some figures have been adjusted for comparability. Note: Values may not sum to totals or exactly match source materials because of rounding. a. Administration level totals shown do not reflect savings from rescissions; rescissions are shown later in the table. b. Section 549 of Division C of P.L. 118-47 amended the FY2024 THUD appropriations act to rescind from unobligated balances $1 million from HUD’s Community Development Fund account (Economic Development Initiatives grants) and to increase funding for DOT’s Transit Infrastructure Grants by $1 million. That adjustment is not reflected here or in the totals. c. Excludes $1.107 billion in supplemental appropriations designated as an emergency requirement provided by Division N of P.L. 117-328. d. Senate budget documents present the net discretionary budget total including emergency funding. Emergency funding is not generally included in this total for purposes of budget enforcement. The comparable non-emergency total is $27,964 million. Congressional Research Service 11 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 Major Differences Between House and Senate Proposed Funding The House Appropriations Committee-passed bill (hereinafter, “House Committee-passed bill”) would have provided $100.9 billion in total funding for DOT, 5.1% ($5.4 billion) below the FY2023 level and 6.4% ($6.9 billion) below the Senate FY2024 level. The major difference in funding between the House Committee-passed bill and Senate-passed bill came in the discretionary portion of DOT’s budget: the House Committee-passed bill would have provided $21.6 billion in new appropriations, 24% ($6.8 billion) less than the Senate bill (including emergency-designated funding) and 25% ($7.3 billion) less than the comparable FY2023 enacted amount. The final FY2024 appropriations law provides nearly the same amount of total funding (mandatory plus discretionary) for DOT ($106.37 billion) when compared to FY2023 ($106.35 billion), when excluding emergency appropriations. The enacted bill provides 25% ($5.413 billion) more in net new discretionary appropriations than the House Committee-passed bill proposed and 6.8% ($1.915 billion) less than the Senate proposed, when excluding emergency appropriations. Four budget items accounted for most of the difference between the House committee and Senate discretionary funding: • • • The National Infrastructure Investments account provides funding for the RAISE Grant program (49 U.S.C. §6702), a competitive discretionary grant program under which states, localities, and other entities can apply for funding for local highways and bridges, public transportation, freight and passenger rail, port infrastructure, and bicycle and pedestrian improvements. Also within this account is the National Infrastructure Project Assistance program (49 U.S.C. §6701), known as the Mega Grant program, which provides grants for nationally or regionally significant highway, transit, rail, port, or multimodal projects. The President’s FY2024 budget requested a 50% increase over FY2023 enacted levels for National Infrastructure Investments dedicated to Mega program grants ($1.2 billion requested, compared to $800 million in FY2023). The House Committeepassed bill contained no new funding for this account. The House Committee report cited the availability of IIJA funding ($2.5 billion in FY2024). The Senate proposed $800 million dedicated to RAISE Grants. The final FY2024 enacted amount was $345 million. The Highway Infrastructure Program provides funding to states for programs administered by FHWA. For FY2024, the House Committee-passed bill contained $1.362 billion a 60% decrease in funding from the FY2023 enacted level of $3.418 billion. The House Committee report cited the availability of IIJA funding in FY2024 for similar purposes. The Senate-passed bill contained additional funding in FY2024 of $2.047 billion. The enacted FY2024 funding level of $2.225 billion was 8.7% more ($178 million) than the level proposed by the Senate, and $1.2 billion less (-35%) than provided in FY2023. Amtrak grants provide funding to Amtrak for intercity passenger rail infrastructure, equipment, maintenance and operating subsidies. The President’s FY2024 budget requested a 25% increase in discretionary funding for the Amtrak account over enacted FY2023 funding ($,3.068 billion requested compared to $2.453 billion in FY2023), whereas the House Committee-passed bill contained $0.876 billion and the Senate-passed bill contained $2.454 billion. The FY2024 enacted amount was $2.428 billion. Under the IIJA, the Amtrak grants account is Congressional Research Service 12 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 also slated to receive $4.4 billion annually in additional appropriations for FY2024 through FY2026. The Capital Investment Grant Program provides funding for transit infrastructure projects popularly known as New Starts, Small Starts, and Core Capacity. For FY2024, the House Committee passed an 82% reduction in funding for this account below the FY2023 enacted funding level. In H.Rept. 118-154, the House Committee noted that $402 million in unallocated funding from the Consolidated Appropriations Act, FY2022 (P.L. 117-103) and the advance appropriations for the account from the IIJA would sufficiently fund projects that anticipate grant agreements in FY2024. The President requested a 29% increase in funding for FY2024 above the FY2023 enacted level. The Senate-passed bill contained an 11% percent increase for FY2024 above the FY2023 enacted level. The FY2024 enacted funding level nearly matches the FY2023 enacted level. Additional Funding for FY2024 Provided in the IIJA DOT received $184.1 billion in additional appropriations for many DOT programs in Division J, Title VIII, of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58; also referred to as the bipartisan infrastructure law or BIL). These funds were appropriated in FY2022, but were divided into equal portions ($36.8 billion) that become available each year of the authorization period (FY2022-FY2026) for certain DOT programs authorized in Divisions A-C of the IIJA. The $36.8 billion in additional annual funding is more than DOT typically received in annul discretionary appropriations. For some agencies within DOT, this additional funding represents a relatively small addition to their regular annual funding level (e.g., $9.5 billion on top of $62.3 billion for FHWA); for other agencies, the additional funding is greater than the regular annual funding level (e.g., $13.2 billion on top of $3.0 billion for FRA). Table 4 shows discretionary, mandatory, and IIJA funding to provide an estimation of the total amount of FY2024 funding available by DOT administration. Table 4. FY2024 DOT Budget Authority by Administration and Source (dollars in millions) Administrations IIJA Funding Discretionary Appropriations (net of rescissions) Office of the Secretary (OST) 3,800 1,058 — 4,858 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 5,000 16,732 3,350 25,082 Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) 9,454 2,156 60,096 71,706 Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) 135 — 927 1,062 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) 322 223 1,015 1,560 Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) 13,200 2,970 — 16,170 Federal Transit Administration (FTA) 4,250 2,614 13,990 20,854 Congressional Research Service Mandatory Total 13 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 IIJA Funding Discretionary Appropriations (net of rescissions) Mandatory Total Great Lakes Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation — 40 — 40 Maritime Administration (MARAD) 450 941 — 1,391 Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) 200 136 a 336 Office of the Inspector General — 116 — 116 Total Appropriations by Type 36,811 26,987 79,378 143,176 Administrations Source: Supplemental funding is retrieved from S.Rept. 118-70 accompanying S. 2437, “Other Appropriations,” pp. 224-227. Final FY2024 enacted figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority tables published in the Explanatory Statement accompanying H.R. 4366 as passed the House and Senate, as well as the text of the Explanatory Statement and bill, all available in the March 5, 2024 Congressional Record for Division F. Note: IIJA funds were provided by Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58). Discretionary totals are net of any rescissions or user fee collections. Administration totals shown here will not match those in Table 3 because these totals are net of rescissions. a. Emergency Preparedness Grants received $46.825 million in mandatory funding from the Emergency Preparedness Fund. Department of Housing and Urban Development Overview HUD is the nation’s housing agency. The programs and activities it administers are designed primarily to address housing problems faced by households with very low incomes or other special housing needs, and to expand access to homeownership.13 The largest share of HUD’s budget is devoted to its rental assistance programs: Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers; projectbased rental assistance via Section 8, Section 202, and Section 811; and public housing. These programs, which serve over 4.6 million households, provide subsidies to allow low-income recipients to pay below-market, income-based rent. Two flexible block grant programs—the HOME Investment Partnerships grant program and the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program—help states and local governments finance a variety of housing and community development activities designed to serve low-income families. Indian tribes receive their own direct housing and community development grants through the Native American Housing Block Grant and Indian Community Development Block Grant programs. Other more specialized grant programs help communities meet the needs of homeless persons (through the Homeless Assistance Grants, namely the Continuum of Care and Emergency Solutions Grants programs), including those living with HIV/AIDS (through the Housing 13 For more information about federal housing assistance programs, see CRS Report RL34591, Overview of Federal Housing Assistance Programs and Policy, by Maggie McCarty, Libby Perl, and Katie Jones. Congressional Research Service 14 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 Opportunities for Persons with AIDS program). Additional programs fund fair housing enforcement activities and lead-based paint hazard identification and remediation, along with other healthy homes initiatives. HUD’s Federal Housing Administration (FHA) insures mortgages made by lenders to homebuyers with low down payments and to developers of multifamily rental buildings containing relatively affordable units. FHA collects fees from borrowers with FHA-insured mortgages, which are used to sustain its insurance funds. The Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) is also a part of HUD and it guarantees securities made up of federally insured or guaranteed mortgages. Components of HUD Funding Nearly all of HUD’s funding is provided via discretionary appropriations, generally contained in the annual Transportation, HUD, and Related Agencies (THUD) appropriations act. (HUD programs may also receive additional resources from supplemental or other funding measures in some years, most often in response to disasters.) The annual THUD bill provides budget authority via appropriations for HUD programs and activities for a given fiscal year. The cost of that budget authority, as determined by the Congressional Budget Office’s (CBO’s) scorekeeping process, is generally reduced by offsetting receipts from the FHA’s loan programs and GNMA’s securitization of federally insured or guaranteed mortgages. To a lesser extent, other collections and rescissions of prior-year appropriations can also offset the cost of the HUD budget. Deducting the savings from offsets and rescissions from the gross budget authority provided to HUD results in the net budget authority. Generally, gross budget authority is the most useful measure of the new resources being provided for HUD’s programs and activities whereas net budget authority is used for budget enforcement purposes and measuring against 302(b) allocations. Any funding designated as an emergency requirement provided in the regular annual appropriations acts or in supplemental spending bills, is generally exempt for purposes of budget enforcement. HUD also generally receives a relatively small amount of mandatory funding outside of the annual appropriations process, such as contributions from the Government Sponsored Enterprises (Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac) to fund the Housing Trust Fund. These mandatory funds are generally not reflected in this report. FY2024 HUD Appropriations Table 5 provides detailed appropriations information for HUD accounts and selected subaccounts, comparing FY2023 enacted to FY2024. Table 5. Department of Housing and Urban Development, FY2023-FY2024 Detailed Appropriations (dollars in millions) FY2023 Enacted FY2024 Request FY2024 House Comm. FY2024 Senate FY2024 Enacted Salaries and Expenses (Management and Administration) 1,732 1,867 1,745 1,832 1,803 Tenant-Based Rental Assistance (Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers)a 27,600 32,703 31,132 26,449 26,387 Tenant-Based Rental Assistance (inc. emergency) 30,254b 32,703 31,132 31,738c 32,387d Voucher Renewals (non-add, inc. emergency) 26,403 27,840 27,375 27,766 28,491 Administrative Fees (non-add) 2,778 3,202 2,734 2,781 2,771 50 0 0 30 15 Accounts Appropriations VASH (non-add) Congressional Research Service 15 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 FY2023 Enacted FY2024 Request FY2024 House Comm. FY2024 Senate FY2024 Enacted FUP (non-add) 30 0 0 30 30 Other Incremental Vouchers (non-add) 50 565 0 0 0 Mobility services (non-add) — 25 0 0 0 8,514 8,893 8,363 8,875 8,811 Operating Grants (non-add) 5,109 5,133 5,103 5,530 5,476 Capital Grants (non-add) 3,200 3,225 3,180 3,200 3,200 — 300 0 0 0 Operational Performance Evaluation and Risk Assessmentse — 61 51 50 50 Choice Neighborhoods 350 185 0 150 75 Self Sufficiency Programs 175 175 175 198 196 Native American Programs 1,020 1,053 1,344 1,082 1,344 Native American Block Grants (Formula) (non-add) 787 820 1,110 849 1,111 Native American Block Grants (Competitive) (nonadd) 150 150 150 150 150 Indian Community Development Block Grants (non-add) 75 75 75 75 75 Indian housing loan guarantee 6 1 2 1 2 Native Hawaiian block grant 22 22 22 22 22 Housing, persons with AIDS (HOPWA) 499 505 505 505 505 Community Development Fund 6,397 3,415 5,554 4,491 6,720 CDBG Formula Grants 3,300 3,300 3,300 3,300 3,300 SUPPORT for Patients and Communities 30 30 30 30 30 Grants to Reduce Barriers to Affordable Housing 85 85 0 100 100 Economic Development Initiatives—Congressionally Directed Spending/Community Project Fundingf 2,982 0 2,224 1,061 3,290g 1,500 1,800 500 1,500 1,250 Preservation and Reinvestment Initiative for Community Enhancement 225 0 20 0 10 Self-Help Homeownership 63 60 60 62 60 Self-Help and Assisted Homeownership Opportunity Program 14 10 10 14 12 Section 4 Capacity Building 42 41 42 42 42 Rural Capacity Building 6 5 7 6 6 Veterans Home Rehabilitation and Modification Pilot Program 1 4 1 0 0 Homeless Assistance Grants 3,633 3,749 3,729 3,908 4,051 Project-Based Rental Assistance (Section 8)a 13,938 15,904 15,820 10,709 14,010 Accounts Public Housing Fund Climate Resiliency/Utility Consumption Reduction Grants (non-add) HOME Investment Partnerships Congressional Research Service 16 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 Accounts FY2023 Enacted FY2024 Request FY2024 House Comm. FY2024 Senate FY2024 Enacted Project-Based Rental Assistance (inc. emergency) 14,907h 15,904 15,820 15,791i 16,010j Contract Renewals (inc. emergency) 14,564 15,372 15,372 15,310 15,542 Contract Administrators 343 448 448 448 468 Service Coordinators for the Elderly — 31 0 0 0 Distressed Property Assistance — 53 0 33 0 Housing for the Elderly (Section 202) 1,075 1,023 913 1,075 913 Housing for Persons with Disabilities (Section 811) 360 356 208 360 208 Housing Counseling Assistance 58 66 58 58 58 Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fundk 14 14 14 14 14 Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Expensesk 150 165 150 150 150 Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) Expensesk 41 60l 51 55 55 Research and technology 145 155 139 145 139 Fair housing activities 86 90 85 86 86 Fair Housing Assistance Program (non-add) 26 28 26 26 26 Fair Housing Initiatives Program (non-add) 56 59 55 56 56 Lead Hazard Reduction 410 410 345 350 296m Information Technology Fund 375 415 371 375 383 Inspector General 146 154 154 153 153 Gross Appropriations Subtotal (non-emergency) 68,534 73,301 71,509 62,654 67,749g Gross Appropriations Subtotal (inc. emergency) 72,157 73,301 71,509 73,025 75,749g -14 -14 -14 -14 -14 FHA -8,236 -1,278 -1,278 -1,278 -4,038n GNMA -2,106 -1,436 -1,436 -1,436 -1,436 -10,356 -2,728 -2,728 -2,728 -5,488 Office of Lead Hazard and Healthy Homes — — -564 -237 o Other Rescissions — — — — -192o — — (564) (237) (192)p 58,178 70,573 68,217 59,689 62,069g Disaster Relief 5,000q 0 0 0 0 Rental Assistance 3,623r 0 0 10,371s 8,000t 66,801 70,573 68,217 70,060 70,069g Offsetting Collections and Receipts Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fund Offsets Subtotal Rescissions Recissions Subtotal Total Net Discretionary Budget Authority (non-emergency) Emergency-Designated Funding: Total Net Discretionary Budget Authority (inc. emergency) Congressional Research Service 17 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 Sources: FY2023 Enacted, FY2024 President’s Request, and FY2024 House figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 118-154 beginning on page 410, as well as congressional budget justifications and the text of H.Rept. 118-154 and H.R. 4820. FY2024 Senate figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in S.Rept. 11870, beginning on page 219, as well as the text of S.Rept. 118-70 and S. 2437. Final FY2024 enacted figures are taken from the text of the Explanatory Statement and text of H.R. 4366, as published in the March 5, 2024, Congressional Record for Division F. Some figures have been adjusted for comparability. Notes: Values may not sum to totals or exactly match source materials because of rounding. a. This account receives advance appropriations provided in the prior fiscal year and also includes appropriations that become available in the subsequent fiscal year. b. Includes $2.654 billion in additional funding provided by Division N and designated as an emergency requirement. c. Includes $5.829 billion provided in the account and designated as an emergency requirement. d. Includes $6 billion provided in the account and designated as an emergency requirement. e. This new account would fund HUD inspection of multifamily housing; this activity was previously funded using resources from the Public Housing fund, PBRA, Section 202 and other accounts. For a full breakdown, see https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/2024_CJ_Program_Template_-_OPERA.pdf. f. Funding for the Economic Development Initiatives program is typically allocated via earmarks, also known as Congressionally Directed Spending or Community Project Funding. For more information, see CRS Report RS22866, Earmark Disclosure Rules in the House: Member and Committee Requirements, by Megan S. Lynch, and CRS Report RS22867, Earmark Disclosure Rules in the Senate: Member and Committee Requirements, by Megan S. Lynch. g. Section 549 of Division C of P.L. 118-47 amended the FY2024 THUD appropriations act to rescind from unobligated balances $1 million from HUD’s Community Development Fund account (Economic Development Initiatives grants) and to increase funding for DOT’s Transit Infrastructure Grants by $1 million. Those adjustments are not reflected in this table. h. Includes $969 million in additional funding provided by Division N and designated as an emergency requirement. i. Includes $5.081 billion in additional funding provided in the account and designated as an emergency requirement. j. Includes $2 billion provided in the account and designated as an emergency requirement. k. Some or all of the cost of funding these accounts is offset by the collection of fees or other receipts. Those offsets are shown later in this table. l. Reflects an estimated $1 million in savings from a proposal for GNMA securitization of certain housing finance agency loans contained in Section 230 of the general provisions in the President’s budget request. m. The legislative text specified that the account shall receive $345 million for FY2024, but also that $49.4 million of that amount is to be derived from unobligated balances from prior-year appropriations to the account, available for the same time period as originally appropriated. Thus, the new budget authority for the account is $296 million. n. According to the CBO cost estimate of the bill, “[T]he House and Senate Budget Committees have directed CBO to use the Administration’s estimate of receipts to the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund (-$3,478 million) instead of CBO’s estimate of such receipts (-$718 million). As a result of that direction, CBO’s estimate of spending under the jurisdiction of the Subcommittee on Transportation and Housing and Urban Development includes an additional offset of -$2,760 million”; https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2024-03/ Consolidated%20Appropriations%20Act%202024.pdf. o. Section 236 of the HUD General Provisions includes the following rescissions of unobligated balances: $65 million from the Lead Hazard Reduction account as provided by P.L. 117-103; $20 million from the Public Housing Fund provided by P.L. 117-238, remaining balances from defunct program accounts; and amounts for the Self-Help and Assisted Homeownership Opportunity Program as authorized under Section 1079 of P.L. 113-391. p. Section 549 of Division C of P.L. 118-47 amended the FY2024 THUD appropriations act to rescind from unobligated balances $1 million from HUD’s Community Development Fund account (Economic Development Initiatives grants) and to increase funding for DOT’s Transit Infrastructure Grants by $1 million. That adjustment is not reflected in this account or in the totals. Other changes involving the award of EDIs were included in Sections 551 and 552 of the law, but they did not affect account totals. Congressional Research Service 18 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 q. r. s. t. Includes $3 billion for CDBG-DR provided by Division N of P.L. 117-328 and $2 billion provided by Section 155 of the FY2023 Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 117-180) for unmet needs arising from disasters declared in 2021 and 2022. Includes $2.654 billion for Tenant Based Rental Assistance and $969 million for Project Based Rental Assistance billion provided by Division N of P.L. 117-328 and designated as emergency requirement. Includes $5.829 billion provided to the TBRA account and $5.081 billion provided to the PBRA account and designated as an emergency requirement. Includes $6 billion provided to the TBRA account and $2 billion provided to the PBRA account and designated as an emergency requirement. Selected FY2024 HUD Appropriations Topics Declining FHA Receipts From FY2023 to FY2024, CBO estimated that the amount of offsetting receipts from HUD’s Federal Housing Administration Mutual Mortgage Insurance (MMI) Fund declined by nearly $7 billion dollars, or almost 85%, to less than $1 billion in savings. This is a steeper decline than initially estimated by the President’s FY2024 budget request to Congress; the President’s budget estimated that FHA’s MMI Fund would generate about half of what was estimated for FY2023 (just under $3.5 billion in savings).14 As noted earlier, these receipts generally serve to offset the cost of providing new appropriations for HUD’s programs and activities for budget enforcement purposes. As a result, it would require an additional nearly $7 billion in new appropriations to provide the same amount of funding for HUD’s programs and activities in FY2024 as was provided in FY2023 (not accounting for cost increases related to inflation). This decline presented a particular challenge for the appropriations process in light of lower overall discretionary spending levels in FY2024 under the terms of the FRA (as discussed earlier, see “Statutory Budget Enforcement in FY2024”). The amount of FHA receipts available each year is estimated by CBO based on assumptions about the amount and performance of FHA-insured mortgages issued that year, as well as the fees paid by borrowers. The decline in estimated receipts in FY2024 was largely driven by changes in economic projections, such as house prices and interest rates, which affect expected loan volume and credit subsidy rates. A HUD decision to reduce the fees charged to FHA borrowers15 also contributed to the decline. For the purposes of the final FY2024 appropriations agreement for THUD, the House and Senate Budget Committees directed CBO to use the Administration’s estimates of offsetting receipts for FHA’s Mutual Mortgage Insurance program instead of using their own estimates, as has been past practice. According to CBO: 14 The President’s budget assumed offsetting receipts totaling $5.487 billion; the comparable CBO estimate was $1.278 billion. 15 HUD Public Affairs, “Biden-Harris Administration to Save FHA Homebuyers Average $800 Annually on Mortgage Payments Through Premium Reduction; 30 Basis Point Reduction in FHA Annual Mortgage Insurance Premium Supports Biden-Harris Administration Goals to Make Homeownership More Affordable and Accessible for Working Families,” press release, February 22, 2023, https://www.hud.gov/press/press_releases_media_advisories/ hud_no_23_041. Congressional Research Service 19 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 As a result of that direction, CBO’s estimate of spending under the jurisdiction of the Subcommittee on Transportation and Housing and Urban Development includes an additional offset of -$2,760 million.16 Emergency-Designated Funding for Rental Assistance Renewals Among the largest expenses in HUD’s budget are the annual costs of renewing rental assistance payments for the more than three million families who are served by the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher and project-based rental assistance programs. The renewal costs of these two programs—funded by the Tenant-Based Rental Assistance (TBRA) and Project-Based Rental Assistance (PBRA) accounts, respectively—generally account for more than half of the total new funding for HUD’s programs and activities each year.17 As illustrated in Figure 1, the FY2023 appropriations law funded rental assistance renewal costs for these two programs using a combination of regular appropriations (provided in Division L) and supplemental emergency-designated funding (provided in Division N). Nearly 9% of the total funding for rental assistance renewal costs in the TBRA and PBRA accounts in FY2023 was provided as emergency designated spending, and therefore not subject to regular discretionary spending limits, including the THUD subcommittee’s 302(b) allocations. While neither the President’s budget nor H.R. 4820 proposed using emergency-designated funding for rental assistance renewal costs in FY2024, as illustrated in Figure 1, the Senate bill proposed to fund a larger share of rental assistance renewal expenses using emergency funding than in FY2023. Nearly a quarter of rental assistance renewal funding would have been provided as emergency designated spending under the Senate bill. The final FY2024 appropriations act included more emergency designated spending for rental assistance renewal funding than was provided in FY2023, but less, overall, than was proposed by the Senate bill. Over 18% of all renewal funding is designated as an emergency requirement in FY2024, accounting for more than 21% of renewal funding for the Housing Choice Voucher program in the TBRA account and nearly 13% of project-based Section 8 renewal funding in the PBRA account. 16 CBO Cost Estimate, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024, March 5, 2024, p. 2, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/ 2024-03/Consolidated%20Appropriations%20Act%202024.pdf. 17 In FY2023, renewal funding in the TBRA and PBRA accounts, excluding emergency funding, accounted for 54.5% of HUD’s regular gross appropriations. Congressional Research Service 20 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 Figure 1. Rental Assistance Renewal Funding Source: FY2023 Enacted figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 118-154, beginning on page 410. FY2024 Senate figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in S.Rept. 118-70, beginning on page 219. Final FY2024 enacted figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority tables published in the Explanatory Statement accompanying H.R. 4366 as passed by the House and the Senate, as well as the text of the Explanatory Statement and bill, all available in the March 5, 2024, Congressional Record for Division F. Some figures have been adjusted from the source material for comparability. Program Eliminations and Reductions in H.R. 4820 The total overall new funding for HUD programs and activities—or gross appropriations— proposed by H.R. 4820 was lower than was provided in FY2023 (-1%), when accounting for emergency-designated funds. This may be, in part, because H.R. 4820 did not use emergency designations to offset some of the cost of new appropriations as was done in FY2023 and proposed by S. 2437 (see the “Emergency-Designated Funding for Rental Assistance Renewals” section of this report), particularly in light of the decline in offsetting receipts in FY2024 (see the “Declining FHA Receipts” section of this report) and the lower 302(b) allocation for FY2024 relative to FY2023 (see Table 1). To achieve this reduction in gross appropriations, H.R. 4820 proposed funding increases to maintain current services in the primary rental assistance programs (+2.9% for the TBRA account and +6.1% for the PBRA account), but proposed reduced funding for other programs and activities. Slated for particularly large reductions were the following: • • The Choice Neighborhoods account, which would have received no funding in FY2024 (it received $350 million in FY2023) under the House Committeepassed bill. This account provides competitive grants to fund the substantial rehabilitation of distressed public housing or other HUD-assisted multifamily properties. • The final FY2024 enacted law included $75 million for Choice Neighborhoods, which is half of what was proposed by the Senate and a 79% reduction relative to FY2023. The HOME program, which would have been cut from $1.5 billion in FY2023 to $500 million in FY2024 (-66.7%) under the House Committee-passed bill. This program provides formula grants to states and localities to be used for affordable housing purposes. H.Rept. 118-154 noted that the HOME program received $5 Congressional Research Service 21 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 • billion from the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 for specific rental housing activities,18 and that only 1% of those funds had been spent. • The final FY2024 enacted law included $1.25 billion for HOME, a 17% reduction relative to FY2023 and the Senate proposal, but more than twice the amount proposed by the House Committee-passed bill. The Section 202 and Section 811 accounts, which were proposed to be cut by 15.1% and 42.2%, respectively. These programs fund the development of rental housing and provision of rental assistance for persons who are elderly or have disabilities. H.Rept. 118-154 noted that the amounts provided would be sufficient to maintain existing rental assistance contracts, but would not fund construction of new units. It further noted that both programs had large balances of new construction funding from prior years and directs the Secretary to expeditiously award those funds. • The final FY2024 enacted law funded these accounts at the House Committee proposed levels. General Provisions Each year the THUD appropriations act includes dozens of General Provisions (GPs) for HUD, which involve administrative guidance on how funding provided in the act should and should not be used and, in some cases, amendments to laws that govern the agency’s programs and activities. Many of these GPs are carried over from year to year, but some new GPs are generally added each year. Some of the new GPs considered and/or enacted during the FY2024 appropriations cycle are discussed below. Rental Assistance Demonstration Expansion Section 231 of the final FY2024 appropriations law included several amendments to the Rental Assistance Demonstration (RAD), including extending the authority for RAD from 2024 until 2029, addressing partial conversions under Section 18 authority, and authorizing the conversion of certain Section 811 rental assistance contracts under RAD. Similar provisions were requested by the President and included in H.R. 4820 (§232) and S. 2437 (§239). New Nonrecurring Expenses Fund Account Section 235 of the FY2024 final appropriations act authorizes the creation of a new nonrecurring expenses fund, as requested in the President’s FY2024 budget request and included in H.R. 4820 (§237) and S. 2437 (§240). The account will receive transfers of unobligated balances of expiring discretionary funding from FY2024 and thereafter and the funds will be available until expended for capital needs of the department. Contract Administrators Section 237 of the enacted THUD appropriations law includes a provision similar to a provision in FY2023 and included in H.R. 4820 that prohibits HUD from using funding in the bill or in prior acts to issue a solicitation or accept bids on a solicitation substantially equivalent to a draft 18 The HOME funding provided in the American Rescue Plan Act, known as HOME-ARP, has somewhat different requirements related to eligible activities and eligible populations than the broader HOME program. For more information on HOME-ARP, see https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/home-arp/. Congressional Research Service 22 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 solicitation HUD published in July 2022. HUD has been unsuccessfully attempting to rebid the performance-based contract administrator contracts it uses to help manage the PBRA program for more than a decade. In the FY2024 budget request, the Administration sought a provision, which was included in S. 2437 (§251) that would have authorized the department to use cooperative agreements in lieu of procurement contracts when making performance-based contract administrator awards for the PBRA program. While this authority was not included in the final law, the explanatory statement notes, “the agreement recognizes that HUD faces a complicated task of developing new PBCA arrangements before the existing agreements expire” and directs the agency to develop any requests for necessary legislative changes in consultation with stakeholders and the House and Senate authorizing and appropriations committees.19 Moving to Work Contract Extension Section 241 of the enacted THUD appropriations law extends the term of certain existing Moving to Work agreements from FY2028 through FY2038. This provision was not included in the President’s budget request or in the House Committee-passed bill. A provision to extend the contracts through FY2043 was included in S. 2437 (§252). Continuum of Care Awards Section 242 of the enacted THUD appropriations law allows HUD to provide two-year funding award competitions for Continuum of Care (CoC) grants. The CoC program is the largest competitive grant program in the government and it funds, via local providers, various forms of housing assistance and related services for persons who are experiencing homelessness. This provision was not included in the general provisions portion of the President’s FY2024 budget request20or the House Committee-passed bill, but was included in S. 2437 (§253). Housing Choice Voucher Waivers Section 243 of the FY2024 enacted THUD funding bill authorizes the HUD Secretary to issue waivers of various program requirements in administering certain special purpose vouchers (Family Unification Program vouchers and mainstream vouchers for persons with disabilities). This provision was not included in the President’s FY204 budget request or the House Committee-passed bill, but was included in S. 2437 (§254). Other Provisions, Not Enacted A number of provisions proposed by the President, in the House Committee-passed bill and/or Senate-passed bill were not included in the final law. Among others, these proposed provisions were not included in the final appropriations law: • • a statutory amendment to allow GNMA to securitize Section 542(c) multifamily risk-sharing loans made by housing finance agencies and insured by FHA (requested in the President’s FY2024 budget); a new statutory authorization for HUD to make direct loans to support distressed PBRA properties (requested in the President’s FY2024 budget); 19 Congressional Record, vol. 170, part 39 (March 5, 2024), pp. S1875-1876. 20 While this provision was not included in the GPs requested in the President’s budget request, HUD’s congressional budget justifications indicated that the Department would seek changes in this policy area via the authorization process. See page 21-8 of HUD’s FY2024 Congressional Budget Justifications. Congressional Research Service 23 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 • • • • • • a sunset of the existing Moderate Rehabilitation program to facilitate RAD conversion of the remaining properties (requested in the President’s FY2024 budget); a prohibition on the provision of federal funding to local jurisdictions that refuse to comply with federal requests for advance notice of release of a particular alien in local custody and a similar provision in Title IV of the bill, prohibiting the use of funds in contravention of Section 642 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (included in the House Committee-passed bill [§432]). a provision to make previously appropriated funds available for direct support for certain small properties undergoing RAD conversion (included in the Senatepassed bill [§241]); guidance on the treatment of rent incentives in the Jobs-Plus public housing program (included in the Senate-passed bill, [§243]); several provisions related to Native American housing programs (some included in the House committee bill [§§238-240] and some included in the Senate-passed bill [§§245-247]);21 and restrictions on residential Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) financing for properties with mortgages insured or guaranteed by HUD (included in the Senate-passed bill [§248-§250]).22 THUD Related Agencies The annual THUD appropriations bills generally provide funding for seven independent agencies that undertake activities related to transportation and/or housing. • • • • The U.S. Access Board is an independent federal agency designed to coordinate other federal agencies to promote accessible design and the development of accessibility guidelines and standards to ensure access to federally funded public infrastructure for persons with disabilities.23 The Federal Maritime Commission is an independent federal agency charged with regulating U.S. ocean commerce.24 The Amtrak Inspector General is an independent organization charged with providing oversight of Amtrak’s programs and operations.25 The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigates accidents, crashes, and other events in transportation.26 21 While these provisions were not included in the GPs in the President’s budget request, HUD’s congressional budget justifications indicated that the department would seek changes in some of these policy areas via the authorization process. See, for example, pages 13-4 and 15-3 of HUD’s FY2024 Congressional Budget Justifications. 22 While these provisions were not included in the GPs in the President’s budget request, HUD’s congressional budget justifications indicated that the department would seek changes in these policy areas via the authorization process. See pages 13-4, 15-3, and 28-5 of HUD’s FY2024 Congressional Budget Justifications. 23 See https://www.access-board.gov/about/. 24 See https://www.fmc.gov/about-the-fmc/. 25 See https://amtrakoig.gov/about-us. 26 See https://www.ntsb.gov/about/Pages/default.aspx. Congressional Research Service 24 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 • The Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (NeighborWorks America) is a congressionally chartered nonprofit that supports a network of community organizations that provide affordable housing, financial counseling, and resident engagement.27 The Surface Transportation Board is an independent federal agency that is “the economic regulation of various modes of surface transportation, primarily freight rail.”28 The Interagency Council on Homelessness is an independent federal agency charged with coordinating the federal response to homelessness.29 • • Table 6. THUD Related Agencies, FY2023-FY2024 Detailed Appropriations (dollars in millions) FY2023 Enacted FY2024 Request FY2024 House Comm. Access Board 10 10 10 10 10 Federal Maritime Commission 38 44 44 44 40 National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) Office of Inspector General 28 30 30 29 29 National Transportation Safety Board 129 145 145 134 140 Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (NeighborWorks America) 170 172 172 170 158 Surface Transportation Board 41 48 48 47 47 Offsetting Collections -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness 4 5 4 4 4 420 453 452 438 428 Related Agency Total FY2024 Senate FY2024 Enacted Sources: FY2023 Enacted, FY2024 President’s Request, and FY2024 House figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 118-154, beginning on page 410, as well as congressional budget justifications. FY2024 Senate figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in S.Rept. 118-70, beginning on page 219. Final FY2024 enacted figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority tables published in the Explanatory Statement accompanying H.R. 4366 as passed by the House and the Senate, as well as the text of the Explanatory Statement and bill, all available in the March 5, 2024, Congressional Record for Division F. Some figures have been adjusted for comparability. Note: Values may not sum to totals or exactly match source materials because of rounding. As shown in Table 6, most of the related agencies funded in the THUD bill received level or increased funding from FY2023 in the final FY2024 THUD appropriations act. One agency received a funding decrease; NeighborWorks received a funding cut of $12 million (7.1%). 27 See https://www.neighborworks.org/About-Us. 28 See https://www.stb.gov/about-stb/. 29 See https://www.usich.gov/about-usich/. Congressional Research Service 25 THUD Appropriations: FY2024 Since FY2019, appropriations acts had specified that NeighborWorks was to use a certain amount of funding (between $1 million and $4 million, depending on the year) for the promotion and development of shared equity housing models. The Senate Committee-passed bill would have provided $2 million for this purpose, while the House Committee-passed bill did not direct any funding to be used specifically for shared equity housing. The final FY2024 THUD appropriations act does not specify a set-aside of NeighborWorks funding for shared equity housing, though the explanatory statement notes that the agreement “supports NeighborWorks in its efforts to continue to advance shared equity models” and directs NeighborWorks to engage in certain activities related to shared equity housing.30 Author Information Maggie McCarty, Coordinator Specialist in Housing Policy Jennifer J. Marshall Analyst in Transportation Policy Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other than public understanding of information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the United States Government, are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be reproduced and distributed in its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include copyrighted images or material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you wish to copy or otherwise use copyrighted material. 30 Congressional Record, vol. 170, part 39 (March 5, 2024), p. S1878. The agreement directs NeighborWorks to work with affiliates with shared equity experience as technical assistance providers and to “continue to develop and enhance professional development offerings around shared equity housing.” Congressional Research Service R47687 · VERSION 13 · UPDATED 26 --- Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/crs%3AR47687. Public record. Not legal advice.