# Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

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## Record

- **Collection:** Congressional research report
- **Document type:** CRS Report
- **Published:** December 20, 2024
- **Citation:** R47094

## Text

Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval
Under the Arms Export Control Act
Updated December 20, 2024

Congressional Research Service
https://crsreports.congress.gov
R47094

Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Contents
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1

Tables
Table 1. Concurrent Resolutions under the AECA .......................................................................... 3
Table 2. Joint Resolutions of Disapproval under AECA ................................................................11

Contacts
Author Information........................................................................................................................ 23

Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Introduction
Under the Foreign Military Sales Act (FMSA) of 1968, Congress delegated authority to the
President to sell and transfer defense articles, defense services and related training to foreign
governments.1 Due to concern over rapidly growing U.S. arms sales in the 1970s,2 Congress
amended the FMSA in 1974 to include procedures for Congress to block proposed arms sales by
passing concurrent resolutions of disapproval, at Section 36 (22 U.S.C. §2776).3 Concurrent
resolutions must be passed in the same form by both houses, but they do not require the signature
of the president and do not have the force of law. These procedures were later expanded under the
renamed Arms Export Control Act (AECA) of 1976 and in subsequent amendments.4 In 1986,
Congress amended the AECA to require enactment of a joint resolution of disapproval to block an
arms sale.5 Joint Resolutions require the approval of both Chambers in identical form and the

P.L. 90-629 P.L. 90-629; 22 U.S.C. §§2751 et seq. For information about the process by which the
executive notifies Congress about arms sales, including notification thresholds and time periods,
see CRS Report RL31675, Arms Sales: Congressional Review Process, by Paul K. Kerr.
1

2 “Congress Weighs New Controls on Arms Sales,” in CQ Almanac, 1975, 31st ed., 356-60. Washington, DC:

Congressional Quarterly, 1976, at http://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/cqal75-1214225.

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-559, §45) amended the Foreign Military Sales Act to
require the President to submit a statement notifying Congress of the intent to offer to sell defense
items worth $25 million or more. Under the provision, referred to as the Nelson-Bingham
Amendment, the President could not proceed with a sale if Congress disapproved of the sale
within 20 days of receipt of the statement by passage of a concurrent resolution stating Congress’
objection to the proposed sale, “unless the President in his statement certifies that an emergency
exists which requires such sale in the national security interests of the United States.” Adopting a
concurrent resolution requires a majority vote in both chambers to take effect. It does not go to
the President for his signature or veto. For more information, see “$2.7-Billion Authorized for
Foreign AID,” in CQ Almanac 1974, 30th ed., 533-47. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly,
1975, at http://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/cqal74-1221325.
3

4 In 1976, the AECA (P.L. 94-329, 90 Stat. 729) changed the period of time in which the President notifies Congress of

AECA activities from 20 to 30 days. It also added a notification requirement for the sale of major defense equipment
with a $7 million threshold. Congress amended the threshold in later years. For instance, the International Security and
Development Cooperation Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-533, 94 Stat. 3131) added a notification requirement for the sale of
design and construction services with a $200 million threshold. The International Security and Development
Cooperation Act of 1981 (P.L. 97-113, 95 Stat. 1519) changed the $7 million threshold to $14 million and the $25
million threshold to $50 million. Additional amendments to the AECA allowed for joint resolutions of disapproval to
prevent commercial sales and leases of defense equipment. See also the International Security and Development
Cooperation Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-533, §107, 94 Stat. 3131, 3136-37), and International Security and Development
Cooperation Act of 1981 (P.L. 97-113, 95 Stat. 1519-21, 1524-26).
5 In 1974, when Congress amended the Foreign Military Sales Act, it added language to provide for Congress to adopt
a concurrent resolution to block an arms transfer. Congress amended the AECA in 1986 to require Congress to pass a
joint resolution of disapproval (JRD), which would require a presidential signature or a subsequent override of a likely
presidential veto, to block an arms sale. If Congress does not enact a JRD, the sale can move forward. Aside from JRDs
under the AECA, Congress can also block an arms sale through other means, by passing legislation modifying,
conditioning, or permitting a sale through the regular legislative process. See, A bill to amend the Arms Export Control
Act to require that congressional vetoes of certain arms export proposals be enacted into law (P.L. 99-247, §1(b), (c),
February 12, 1986, 100 Stat. 9).

Congressional Research Service

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Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

president's signature to become law. This Fact Sheet lists the concurrent and joint resolutions of
disapproval that have been introduced under the AECA.6
This Fact Sheet is a research aid that lists, in chronological order, the concurrent resolutions
(Table 1) and joint resolutions (Table 2) of disapproval under the AECA related to foreign
military sales (FMS), direct commercial sales (DCS), commercial technical assistance, or
manufacturing licensing agreements.7 It includes pertinent information on the concurrent and
joint resolutions as they progressed through the legislative process, including bill number, title,
date introduced, and final status. Each bill number includes a hyperlink to the bill’s record in
Congress.gov. This Fact Sheet will be updated as legislative activity warrants.
CRS has identified 171 concurrent resolutions and 127 joint resolutions of disapproval (JRDs)
that have been introduced since Congress amended the FMSA in 1974. Among the 298
concurrent and joint resolutions: 269 related to FMS, citing Section 36(b) of the AECA, and 27
applied to DCS, citing Section 36(c). Six JRDs referred to commercial technical assistance or
manufacturing licensing agreements (Section 36(d) of the AECA); however only two of those six
resolutions reference Section 36(d) of the AECA without also referencing Sections 36(b) or (c).8
In the tables below, resolutions in italics concerned Direct Commercial Sales; resolutions in bold
concerned commercial technical assistance or manufacturing licensing agreements, referencing
Section 36(d) only; all others concerned Foreign Military Sales. CRS used Congress.gov to build
the list of the concurrent resolutions and JRDs. There may be inadvertent omissions.
As seen in Table 1, all of the concurrent resolutions were referred to their respective committees;
however, only three were released by their committees. Only one of the concurrent resolutions
received a floor vote by both chambers—H.Con.Res. 194, which objected to President Ronald
Reagan’s 1981 proposed sale to Saudi Arabia of E-3A airborne warning and control system
(AWACS) aircraft, Sidewinder missiles, and Boeing 707 refueling aircraft. The House agreed to
the resolution by a yea-nay vote of 301-111, but the Senate rejected the measure by a yea-nay
vote of 48-52. The Senate indefinitely postponed its companion measure, S.Con.Res. 37, by voice
vote on November 5, 1981. The Senate introduced numerous concurrent resolutions of
disapproval in 1976, but none were passed by either chamber.9
As seen in Table 2, only one joint resolution became public law—S.J.Res. 228, A Joint
Resolution Relating to the Proposed Sales of Arms to Jordan (P.L. 99-162). Although the public
law led President Reagan to postpone a major arms sale to Jordan at least until early 1986,

6 Following enactment of amendments to the Foreign Military Sales Act in 1976 that renamed the act as the Arms

Export Control Act, several concurrent resolutions of disapproval continued to reference the Foreign Military Sales
Act, rather than the AECA.
7 FMS involve government-to-government sales of major defense items, governed under Section 36(b) of the AECA.
DCS refer to private sales between U.S. manufacturers and foreign entities, governed under Section 36(c) of the
AECA. For an overview of the AECA, including the distinctions between FMS and DCS, see CRS Report RL31675,
Arms Sales: Congressional Review Process, by Paul K. Kerr.
8 Section 36(d) of the AECA “contains similar notification requirements, though not reporting thresholds, for
commercial technical assistance or manufacturing licensing agreements. As with arms sales, Congress can block any of
these reportable transactions by enacting a joint resolution of disapproval as stipulated in the Arms Export Control Act
(AECA) (see 22 U.S.C. 2753, 2776, 2796).” See CRS Report RL31675, Arms Sales: Congressional Review Process, by
Paul K. Kerr.
9 “Congress Declines to Block Arms Sales.” In CQ Almanac 1976, 32nd ed., 253-56. Washington, DC: Congressional
Quarterly, 1977, at http://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/cqal76-1189605.

Congressional Research Service

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Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Congress has never successfully blocked a proposed arms sale via a joint resolution of
disapproval.10
Table 1. Concurrent Resolutions under the AECA
(in order of introduction)
Bill Number

Title or Summary

Date
Reported

H.Con.Res. 88

Concurrent resolution expressing the disapproval of the Congress pursuant to
Section 36(b) of the Foreign Military Sales Act, concerning a U.S. Army offer to
sell certain defense articles and services to Turkey.

1/31/1975

S.Con.Res. 50

Concurrent resolution relating to the sale of improved Hawk Missiles and Redeye
Missiles to Jordan.

7/11/1975

H.Con.Res.
404

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of certain defense services
to Saudi Arabia.

9/23/1975

H.Con.Res.
453

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Kuwait of air-to-air
missiles.

10/21/1975

H.Con.Res.
507

Concurrent resolution disapproving certain sales of defense articles to Saudi
Arabia.

12/10/1975

H.Con.Res.
517

Concurrent resolution objecting to a proposed sale of F-15 aircraft to Israel.

12/17/1975

H.Con.Res.
554

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain
defense services to Saudi Arabia (transmittal No. 76-25).

2/19/1976

H.Con.Res.
555

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain
defense articles to Saudi Arabia (transmittal No. 76-27).

2/19/1976

H.Con.Res.
556

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter to offer to sell certain
defense articles to Saudi Arabia (transmittal No. 76-28).

2/19/1976

H.Con.Res.
557

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter to offer to sell certain
defense articles to Saudi Arabia (transmittal No. 76-29).

2/19/1976

H.Con.Res.
558

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain
defense articles to Saudi Arabia (transmittal No. 76-30).

2/19/1976

H.Con.Res.
559

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain
defense articles to Saudi Arabia (transmittal No. 76-31).

2/19/1976

H.Con.Res.
560

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain
defense services to Saudi Arabia (transmittal No. 76-32).

2/19/1976

H.Con.Res.
561

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of military equipment to
Saudi Arabia (transmittal 76-25).

2/26/1976

H.Con.Res.
562

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of military equipment to
Saudi Arabia (transmittal 76-27).

2/26/1976

H.Con.Res.
563

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of military equipment to
Saudi Arabia (transmittal 76-28).

2/26/1976

H.Con.Res.
564

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of military equipment to
Saudi Arabia (transmittal 76-29).

2/26/1976

10 For more information on S.J.Res. 228 (P.L. 99-162) and the arms sale to Jordan, see “Reagan Accepts Hill Delay of

Jordan Arms.” In CQ Almanac 1985, 41st ed., 93-96. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly, 1986, at
http://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/cqal85-1147306.

Congressional Research Service

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Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill Number

Title or Summary

Date
Reported

H.Con.Res.
565

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of military equipment to
Saudi Arabia (transmittal 76-30).

2/26/1976

H.Con.Res.
566

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of military equipment to
Saudi Arabia (transmittal 76-31).

2/26/1976

H.Con.Res.
567

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of military equipment to
Saudi Arabia (transmittal 76-32).

2/26/1976

H.Con.Res.
568

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letters of offer to sell certain
defense articles and services to Saudi Arabia.

2/26/1976

S.Con.Res. 99

A concurrent resolution relating to the proposed sale of airborne early warning
aircraft to NATO.

3/4/1976

H.Con.Res.
576

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of certain military
equipment to NATO (transmittal No. 76-41).

3/8/1976

H.Con.Res.
595

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell six C-130
aircraft to Egypt (transmittal No. 76-47).

3/29/1976

H.Con.Res.
597

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Egypt of C-130
aircraft and related support equipment.

3/30/1976

H.Con.Res.
599

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of C-130 aircraft to
Egypt.

3/30/1976

H.Con.Res.
602

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Egypt of C-130 aircraft
and related support equipment.

4/2/1976

H.Con.Res.
603

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell six C-130
aircraft to Egypt (transmittal No. 76-47).

4/5/1976

H.Con.Res.
610

Concurrent resolution expressing the sense of the Congress with respect to sales
of defense articles and services to Egypt.

4/9/1976

H.Con.Res.
612

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell six C-130
aircraft to Egypt (transmittal No. 76-47).

4/12/1976

H.Con.Res.
691

A resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Kenya of F-5E/F aircraft and
related equipment and training.

7/29/1976

S.Con.Res.
140

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of missiles to the
Republic of Korea.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
141

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of tanks to the
Republic of Korea.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
142

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Pakistan of vehicles.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
143

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Pakistan of missiles.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
144

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of bombs to Israel.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
145

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of aircraft support to
Iran.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
146

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of ammunition.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
147

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of bombs to Israel.

9/7/1976

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Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Title or Summary

Date
Reported

S.Con.Res.
148

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Pakistan of vehicles.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
149

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Pakistan of
ammunition.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
150

Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of defense
articles and services.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
151

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of helicopters to Israel.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
152

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of missiles to Norway.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
153

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Pakistan of
torpedoes.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
154

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of aircraft to Morocco.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
155

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of aircraft training and
maintenance to West Germany.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
156

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of aircraft to the
Republic of Korea.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
157

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of aircraft to the
Philippines.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
158

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of aircraft and missiles
to Singapore.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
159

Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of a Naval
training center.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
160

Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of Air Force
headquarters construction.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
161

Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of defense
articles and services.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
162

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of missiles.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
163

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of missiles.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
164

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of aircraft.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
165

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of missiles.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
166

Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of vehicles.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
167

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of ammunition to
Israel.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
168

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of missiles to Israel

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
169

Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale of Saudi Arabia of air defense
weapons.

9/7/1976

Bill Number

Congressional Research Service

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Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Title or Summary

Date
Reported

S.Con.Res.
170

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of torpedoes.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
171

Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of defense
articles and services.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
172

Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of National
Guard Training and Modernization.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
173

Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of certain aircraft.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
174

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of helicopters.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
175

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of construction to
Saudi Arabia.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
176

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of aircraft to Australia.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
177

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Pakistan of
torpedoes.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
178

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Pakistan of
Sidewinder missiles.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
179

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Pakistan of
ammunition.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
180

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Pakistan of 25
M88A1 recovery vehicles.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
181

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Pakistan of vehicles.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
182

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of ammunition.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
183

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of certain
aircraft.
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of missiles.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
185

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of specified
aircraft repair parts.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
186

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of helicopter
repair parts.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
187

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of missiles.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
188

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of missiles.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
189

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of torpedoes.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
190

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of aircraft to the
Philippines.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
191

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of aircraft and missiles
to Singapore.

9/7/1976

Bill Number

S.Con.Res.
184

Congressional Research Service

9/7/1976

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Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill Number

Title or Summary

Date
Reported

S.Con.Res.
192

Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of Air Force
headquarters construction.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
193

Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of defense
articles and services.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
194

Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of a Naval
training center.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
195

Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of defense
articles and services.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
196

Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of vehicles.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
197

Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of National
Guard Training and Modernization.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
198

Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of air defense
weapons.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
199

Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of defense
articles and services.

9/7/1976

S.Con.Res.
200

Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of certain aircraft.

9/7/1976

H.Con.Res.
738a

A resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain defense
articles and services to Saudi Arabia (transmittal numbered 7T-15).

9/8/1976

H.Con.Res.
739a

A resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain defense
articles to Saudi Arabia (transmittal numbered 7T-21).

9/8/1976

H.Con.Res.
740a

A resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain defense
articles to Saudi Arabia (transmittal numbered 7T-39).

9/8/1976

H.Con.Res.
747

A resolution disapproving certain proposed sales to Iran of defense articles and
services.

9/10/1976

S.Con.Res.
203

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of aircraft to Israel.

9/14/1976

S.Con.Res.
204

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of howitzers to the
Philippines.

9/14/1976

S.Con.Res.
205

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of missiles to Spain.

9/14/1976

S.Con.Res.
206

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of missile defense
systems and missiles to Tunisia.

9/14/1976

S.Con.Res.
207

Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of armored personnel
carriers to Kuwait.

9/14/1976

H.Con.Res.
750

A resolution disapproving certain proposed sales to Saudi Arabia of defense
articles and services.

9/15/1976

H.Con.Res.
755a

A resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain defense
articles and services to Saudi Arabia (transmittal numbered 7T-15).

9/17/1976

H.Con.Res.
756a

A resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain defense
articles and services to Saudi Arabia (transmittal numbered 7T-21).

9/17/1976

H.Con.Res.
757a

A resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain defense
articles and services to Saudi Arabia (transmittal numbered 7T-39).

9/17/1976

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Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill Number

Title or Summary

Date
Reported

H.Con.Res.
760

A resolution disapproving certain proposed sales to Iran of defense articles and
services.

9/20/1976

H.Con.Res.
764a

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain
defense articles and services to Saudi Arabia (transmittal numbered 7T-15).

9/23/1976

H.Con.Res.
765a

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain
defense articles and services to Saudi Arabia (transmittal numbered 7T-21).

9/23/1976

H.Con.Res.
766a

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain
defense articles and services to Saudi Arabia (transmittal numbered 7T-39).

9/23/1976

H.Con.Res.
768a

A concurrent resolution disapproving a proposed sale of defense articles and
services to Saudi Arabia (7T-15).

9/27/1976

H.Con.Res.
769a

A concurrent resolution disapproving a proposed sale of defense articles and
services to Saudi Arabia (7T-21).

9/27/1976

H.Con.Res.
770a

A concurrent resolution disapproving a proposed sale of defense articles and
services to Saudi Arabia (7T-39).

9/27/1976

H.Con.Res.
773

A concurrent resolution disapproving certain proposed sales to the Philippines of
defense articles and services.

9/27/1976

H.Con.Res.
774

A concurrent resolution disapproving certain proposed sales to Iran of defense
articles and services.

9/28/1976

H.Con.Res.
775a

A concurrent resolution disapproving certain proposed sale to Saudi Arabia under
the Foreign Military Sales Act described in transmittal numbered 7T-15.

9/28/1976

H.Con.Res.
776a

A concurrent resolution disapproving certain proposed sale to Saudi Arabia under
the Foreign Military Sales Act described in transmittal numbered 7T-21.

9/28/1976

H.Con.Res.
777a

A concurrent resolution disapproving certain proposed sale to Saudi Arabia under
the Foreign Military Sales Act described in transmittal numbered 7T-39.

9/28/1976

H.Con.Res.
275

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of airborne early warning
aircraft to Iran.

7/11/1977

H.Con.Res.
287

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of airborne early warning
aircraft to Iran.

7/15/1977

S.Con.Res. 36

Expresses Congressional objection to the sale of seven airborne early warning
aircraft to Iran.

7/15/1977

H.Con.Res.
293

Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of airborne early warning
aircraft to Iran.

7/19/1977

H.Con.Res.
312

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of airborne early warning
aircraft to Iran.

7/27/1977

H.Con.Res.
367

Concurrent resolution objecting to proposed sales to Egypt of certain defense
articles and services (transmittals 77-80 and 77-83 submitted by the President).

9/30/1977

S.Con.Res. 48

Expresses Congressional objection to the site of seven airborne early warning
aircraft to Iran.

10/1/1977

H.Con.Res.
480

A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of 60 F15 aircraft to Saudi Arabia
which was announced by the Secretary of State on February 14, 1978.

2/15/1978

H.Con.Res.
481

A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of 50 F5E aircraft to Egypt which was
announced by the Secretary of State on February 14, 1978.

2/15/1978

H.Con.Res.
482

A resolution stating the intention of the Congress to disapprove the proposed
sales, announced by the Secretary of State on February 14, 1978, of certain
military aircraft to Israel, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia.

2/15/1978

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Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill Number

Title or Summary

Date
Reported

H.Con.Res.
484

A resolution stating Congressional disapproval of the proposed sales, announced
by the Secretary of State on February 14, 1978, of certain military aircraft to
Egypt and Saudi Arabia.

2/21/1978

H.Con.Res.
499

A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of fifty F5E aircraft to Egypt which
was announced by the Secretary of State on February 14th, 1978.

3/3/1978

H.Con.Res.
500

A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of sixty F-15 aircraft to Saudi Arabia
which was announced by the Secretary of State on February 14th, 1978.

3/3/1978

H.Con.Res.
585

A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of F-16 aircraft to Israel (Transmittal
No. 78-34).

5/1/1978

H.Con.Res.
586

A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of F-15 aircraft to Israel (Transmittal
No. 78-33).

5/1/1978

H.Con.Res.
587

A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of F-5E and F-5F aircraft to Egypt
(Transmittal No. 78-32).

5/1/1978

H.Con.Res.
588

A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of F-15 aircraft to Saudi Arabia
(Transmittal No. 78-35).

5/1/1978

H.Con.Res.
594

A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of F-15 aircraft to Israel.

5/1/1978

H.Con.Res.
595

A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of F-16 aircraft to Israel.

5/1/1978

H.Con.Res.
596

A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of F-5E aircraft to Egypt.

5/1/1978

H.Con.Res.
597

A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of F-15 aircraft to Saudi Arabia.

5/1/1978

H.Con.Res.
598

A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of aircraft to Saudi Arabia.

5/1/1978

S.Con.Res. 81

A concurrent resolution expressing the objection of the Congress, pursuant to
Section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act, to the proposed sale of 50 F-5
aircraft (transmittal number 78-32, transmitted to Congress on April 28, 1978).

5/1/1978

S.Con.Res. 82

A concurrent resolution expressing the objection of the Congress, pursuant to
Section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act, to the proposed sale of 15 F-15
aircraft (transmittal number 78-33, transmitted to Congress on April 28,1978).

5/1/1978

S.Con.Res. 83

A concurrent resolution expressing the objection of the Congress, pursuant to
Section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act, to the proposed sale of 75 F-16
aircraft (transmittal number 78-34, transmitted to Congress on April 28, 1978).

5/1/1978

S.Con.Res. 84

A concurrent resolution expressing the objection of the Congress, pursuant to
Section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act, to the proposed sale of 60 F-15
aircraft (transmittal number 78-35, transmitted to Congress on April 28, 1978).

5/1/1978

S.Con.Res.
86b

Concurrent resolution relating to action by the Congress on certain sales of
armaments to Egypt, Israel and Saudi Arabia.

5/11/1978

H.Con.Res.
117

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to England described in
the statement submitted by the President (79-29).

5/4/1979

H.Con.Res.
135

A concurrent resolution disapproving the sale of management and contracting
services to Saudi Arabia.

6/11/1979

H.Con.Res.
136

A concurrent resolution disapproving the sale of management and contracting
services to Saudi Arabia.

6/11/1979

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9

Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill Number

Title or Summary

Date
Reported

H.Con.Res.
137

A concurrent resolution disapproving the sale of management and contracting
services to Saudi Arabia.

6/11/1979

H.Con.Res.
163

A concurrent resolution disapproving the sale of certain defense articles to Saudi
Arabia.

7/17/1979

H.Con.Res.
174

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Israel of Improved
Hawk air defense missiles (Transmittal No. 79-49).

8/2/1979

H.Con.Res.
175

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Israel of Dragon antitank missiles (Transmittal No. 79-50).

8/2/1979

H.Con.Res.
176

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Israel of M113A2
armored personnel carriers, M577A2 command post carriers, M548 cargo
carriers, supporting equipment, and spare parts (Transmittal No. 79-58).

8/2/1979

H.Con.Res.
177

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Israel of M60A3 tanks
(Transmittal No. 79-59).

8/2/1979

H.Con.Res.
178

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Israel of M109A1B
155mm self-propelled howitzers (Transmittal No. 79-60).

8/2/1979

H.Con.Res.
205

A concurrent resolution disapproving the sale of construction and modification
services to Saudi Arabia.

10/30/1979

H.Con.Res.
226

A concurrent resolution disapproving the sale of certain defense articles to Saudi
Arabia.

12/12/1979

H.Con.Res.
230

A concurrent resolution to disapprove the sale of smart bombs and missiles to
Saudi Arabia.

12/18/1979

S.Con.Res. 71

A concurrent resolution stating the objection of the Congress to certain
proposed sales of defense articles to Morocco.

1/29/1980

H.Con.Res.
396

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Jordan of 100 M60A3
tanks and related defense articles and services (Transmittal No. 80-82).

7/31/1980

H.Con.Res.
401

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Jordan of 100 M60A3
tanks and related defense articles and services (Transmittal No. 80-82).

8/19/1980

H.Con.Res.
408

A concurrent resolution to disapprove the proposed sale to Jordan of 100 M60A3
tanks (Transmittal No. 80-82).

8/21/1980

H.Con.Res.
443

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to the Republic of Korea
of defense articles pursuant to a Cooperative Logistics Supply Support
Arrangement (Transmittal No. 80-96).

10/1/1980

H.Con.Res. 90

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Saudi Arabia of AIM9L air-to-air missiles and the FAST auxiliary fuel and equipment pods for the F-15
fighter aircraft ordered by Saudi Arabia.

3/10/1981

H.Con.Res.
117

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Saudi Arabia of AIM-9l
air-to-air missiles, the FAST auxiliary fuel and equipment pods for the F-15 fighter,
and the five (5) airborne warning and control aircraft (AWACS) ordered by Saudi
Arabia.

4/27/1981

H.Con.Res.
118

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Saudi Arabia of five (5)
airborne warning and control aircraft (AWACS) and conformal fuel tanks and airto- air missiles for sixty-two (62) F-15 fighter aircraft.

4/27/1981

H.Con.Res.
170

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Saudi Arabia of AIM9L air-to-air missiles, the FAST auxiliary fuel and equipment pods for the F-15
fighter, and the five airborne warning and control aircraft (AWACS) ordered by
Saudi Arabia.

8/4/1981

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10

Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill Number

Title or Summary

Date
Reported

S.Con.Res. 35

A concurrent resolution expressing the objection of the Congress to the
proposed sale of certain defense articles, together with associated spare parts and
equipment and related defense services, to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

9/17/1981

S.Con.Res.37c

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sales to Saudi Arabia of E-3A
Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft, conformal fuel tanks
for F-15 aircraft, AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles, and Boeing 707 aerial refueling
aircraft.

10/1/1981

H.Con.Res.
194d

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sales to Saudi Arabia of E-3A
Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft, conformal fuel tanks
for F-15 aircraft, AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles, and Boeing 707 aerial refueling
aircraft.

10/1/1981

H.Con.Res.
211

A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Pakistan of F-16
aircraft.

10/28/1981

S.Con.Res. 48

A concurrent resolution disapproving the sale to Pakistan of F-16 aircraft.

11/10/1981

Source: CRS compiled table using data from Congress.gov.
Notes: The table is current as of November 21, 2024. Each bill number includes a hyperlink to the bill’s record
in Congress.gov. All concurrent resolutions involved Foreign Military Sales and were introduced and referred to
their respective committees. Only one resolution, H.Con.Res. 194 made it to a floor vote by both chambers.
a. The concurrent resolution referenced Section 36(b) of the Foreign Military Sales Act.
b. The resolution failed to pass in the Senate, roll call no. 161 (44-54).
c. It was reported favorably by the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. However, the Senate indefinitely
postponed it by voice vote.
d. The only concurrent resolution under the AECA that received a floor vote by both chambers. The
resolution was agreed to in the House by a yea-nay vote of 301-111, but it was disagreed to in the Senate
by a yea-nay vote of 48-52.

Table 2. Joint Resolutions of Disapproval under AECA
(in order of introduction)
Bill
Number

Title

S.J.Res. 228

A joint resolution relating to the proposed sales
of arms to Jordan.

10/24/1985

Senate passed by Yea-Nay
Vote. 97-1. Roll Call No:
250. Passed House by Voice
Vote. Became P.L. 99-162.

H.J.Res. 592

A joint resolution prohibiting the proposed sale
of integrated avionics system kits to the People’s
Republic of China, unless the United States sells
advanced aircraft to the Republic of China on
Taiwan.

4/9/1986

Referred to the House
Foreign Affairs Committee
(HFAC).

H.J.Res. 593

A joint resolution prohibiting the proposed sale
of integrated avionics system kits to the People’s
Republic of China.

4/9/1986

Referred to the HFAC.

H.J.Res. 589

A joint resolution prohibiting the proposed sales
of certain missiles to Saudi Arabia.

4/9/1986

Passed/agreed to in House:
Passed House by Yea-Nay
Vote. 356-62. Roll Call No:
112.

Congressional Research Service

Date
Reported

Status

11

Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill
Number

Title

S.J.Res. 316

A joint resolution prohibiting the sale to Saudi
Arabia of certain defense articles and related
defense services.

4/9/1986

Passed House by Voice
Vote. Passed Senate by YeaNay Vote. 73-22. Roll Call
No: 91. Vetoed by
President. Failed of passage
in Senate over veto by YeaNay Vote. 66-34. Roll Call
No: 111.

S.J.Res. 331

A joint resolution prohibiting the proposed sale
of integrated avionics system kits to the People’s
Republic of China.

4/24/1986

Indefinitely postponed by
Senate by Voice Vote.

H.J.Res. 277

A joint resolution to prohibit the proposed sale
of F-5E/F aircraft to Honduras.

5/13/1987

Tabled by the HFAC,
Subcommittee on Western
Hemisphere Affairs after
consideration and mark-up
session held.

S.J.Res. 128

A joint resolution prohibiting the sale to
Honduras of certain defense articles and related
defense services.

5/13/1987

Indefinitely postponed by
Senate by Unanimous
Consent.

S.J.Res. 133

A joint resolution prohibiting the sale to Saudi
Arabia of 12 F-15 aircraft.

5/20/1987

Referred to the Senate
Foreign Relations
Committee (SFRC).

H.J.Res. 590

A joint resolution to prohibit the proposed sale
to Japan of an AEGIS Combat System
(transmittal number 88-25).

6/9/1988

Hearings held by the HFAC,
Subcommittee on Asian and
Pacific Affairs and
Subcommittee on Arms
Control, International
Security and Science

H.J.Res. 609

A joint resolution to prohibit the proposed sale
to Kuwait of F/A-18 aircraft, Cluster bomb units,
SIDEWINDER missiles, SPARROW missiles,
HARPOON missiles, and MAVERICK missiles
(transmittal number 88-39).

7/12/1988

Referred to the HFAC.

H.J.Res. 652

A joint resolution to prohibit the proposed
export to the People’s Republic of China of
commercial communications satellites
(transmittal number MC-48-88).

9/13/1988

Hearings held by the HFAC,
Subcommittee on Asian and
Pacific Affairs,
Subcommittee on
International Economic
Policy and Trade, and the
Subcommittee on Arms
Control, International
Security and Science.

S.J.Res. 113a

A joint resolution prohibiting the export of
technology, defense articles, and defense
services to codevelop or coproduce the FSX
aircraft with Japan.

5/1/1989

Passed Senate by Voice
Vote. Passed/agreed to in
House by recorded vote.
241-168. Vetoed by
President. Failed of passage
in Senate over veto by YeaNay Vote. 66-34. Roll Call
No. 175.

Congressional Research Service

Date
Reported

Status

12

Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill
Number

Title

Date
Reported

Status

S.J.Res.
123a

A joint resolution approving the proposed
authorization for the export of
technology, defense articles, and defense
services to codevelop the FS-X weapon
system with Japan and requiring that any
coproduction of that weapon system meet
certain conditions, and for other purposes.

5/9/1989

Referred to the SFRC.
Hearings held.

H.J.Res. 368

To prohibit the proposed sale to Pakistan of F16 aircraft.

7/18/1989

Referred to the HFAC,
Subcommittee on Arms
Control, International
Security and Science.

H.J.Res. 550

To prohibit the proposed sale to Turkey of AH1W attack helicopters.

4/18/1990

Referred to the HFAC.

H.J.Res. 592

To prohibit the proposed sale to Saudi Arabia of
modifications and systems integration of
AWACS E-3 and tanker KE-5 aircraft.

6/11/1990

Referred to the HFAC.

H.J.Res. 593

To prohibit the proposed sale to Saudi Arabia of
M88A1 Recovery Vehicles.

6/11/1990

Referred to the HFAC.

H.J.Res. 594

To prohibit the proposed sale to Saudi Arabia of
defense articles and defense services to
modernize the Saudi Arabian National Guard.

6/11/1990

Referred to the HFAC.

S.J.Res. 378

A joint resolution prohibiting the proposed sales
to Saudi Arabia of certain defense articles and
defense services, pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of
the Arms Export Control Act.

10/11/1990

Referred to the SFRC.

H.J.Res.674

To prohibit the proposed sales to Saudi Arabia
of M1A2 tanks and Bradley Fighting Vehicles,
APACHE helicopters, and PATRIOT guided
missile units that were reported to the Congress
on September 27, 1990.

10/17/1990

Referred to HFAC.

H.J.Res.270

To prohibit the proposed sale to the United
Arab Emirates of AH-64 APACHE attack
helicopters.

6/12/1991

Referred to the HFAC.

S.J.Res. 165

A joint resolution to prohibit the proposed sale
to the United Arab Emirates of AH-64 APACHE
attack helicopters.

6/19/1991

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 177

A joint resolution prohibiting the proposed sale
to the Republic of Korea of F-16C/D aircraft and
other specified defense articles and defense
service, pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the
Arms Export Control Act.

7/15/1991

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 178

A joint resolution prohibiting the proposed export to
the Republic of Korea of certain technical data and
equipment related to the sale of F-16C/D aircraft,
pursuant to Section 36(c) of such Act.

7/15/1991

Referred to the SFRC.

H.J.Res. 473

To prohibit the proposed sale to Kuwait of an
air defense system.

4/28/1992

Referred to the HFAC.

H.J.Res. 548

To prohibit the proposed sale to Saudi Arabia of
F-15 aircraft.

9/15/1992

Referred to the HFAC.

Congressional Research Service

13

Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill
Number

Title

H.J.Res. 549

Prohibiting the proposed sale of F-15 fighter jets
to Saudi Arabia until that country renounces and
no longer observes the boycott of Israel by Arab
countries.

9/15/1992

Referred to the HFAC.

S.J.Res. 344

A joint resolution to prohibit the proposed sale
to Saudi Arabia of F-15 aircraft.

10/1/1992

Referred to the SFRC.

H.J.Res. 93

Disapproving the issuance of letters of offer with
respect to certain proposed sales of defense
articles and defense services to Pakistan.

7/20/2006

Referred to the House
Committee on International
Relations.

H.J.Res. 76

Disapproving the issuance of a letter of offer
with respect to a certain proposed sale of
defense articles and defense services to the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

1/15/2008

Referred to the HFAC.

S.J.Res. 32

A joint resolution limiting the issuance of a letter
of offer with respect to a certain proposed sale
of defense articles and defense services to the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

5/13/2008

Placed on Senate Legislative
Calendar under General
Orders. Calendar No. 736.

H.J.Res. 87

Limiting the issuance of a letter of offer with
respect to a certain proposed sale of defense
articles and defense services to the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia.

5/21/2008

Referred to the HFAC.

H.J.Res. 99

Disapproving the issuance of a letter of offer
with respect to a certain proposed sale of
defense articles and defense services to the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

11/18/2010

Referred to the HFAC.

H.J.Res. 104

Disapproving the issuance of a letter of offer
with respect to a certain proposed sale of
defense articles and defense services to the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

12/15/2010

Referred to the HFAC.

H.J.Res. 80

Limiting the issuance of a letter of offer with
respect to a certain proposed sale of defense
articles and defense services to the Kingdom of
Bahrain.

10/6/2011

Referred to the HFAC.

S.J.Res. 28

A joint resolution limiting the issuance of a letter
of offer with respect to a certain proposed sale
of defense articles and defense services to the
Kingdom of Bahrain.

10/6/2011

Referred to the SFRC.

H.J.Res. 83

Disapproving the issuance of a letter of offer
with respect to a certain proposed sale of
defense articles and defense services to Turkey.

11/3/2011

Referred to the HFAC.

S.J.Res. 30

A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
the proposed foreign military sale to the
Government of Pakistan of F-16 Block 52
aircraft.

2/24/2016

Referred to the SFRC.

H.J.Res. 82

Relating to the disapproval of the proposed
foreign military sale to the Government of
Pakistan of F-16 Block 52 aircraft.

2/25/2016

Referred to the HFAC.

Congressional Research Service

Date
Reported

Status

14

Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill
Number

Title

S.J.Res. 31

A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
the proposed foreign military sale to the
Government of Pakistan of F-16 Block 52
aircraft.

2/25/2016

Motion to table the motion
to discharge SFRC agreed
to in Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 71-24. Roll Call No.
35.

S.J.Res. 39

A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
the proposed foreign military sale to the
Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia of
M1A1/A2 Abrams Tank structures and other
major defense equipment.

9/8/2016

Motion to table the motion
to discharge SFRC agreed
to in Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 71-27. Roll Call No.
145.

H.J.Res. 98

Relating to the disapproval of the proposed
foreign military sale to the Government of the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia of M1A1/A2 Abrams
Tank structures and other major defense
equipment.

9/20/2016

Referred to the HFAC.

H.J.Res. 72

Relating to the disapproval of the proposed
foreign military sale to the Government of
Kenya of Air Tractor aircraft with weapons, and
related support.

2/14/2017

Referred to the HFAC.

H.J.Res. 102

Relating to the disapproval of the proposed export to
the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia of
certain defense articles.

5/25/2017

Referred to the HFAC.

S.J.Res. 42

A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of the
proposed export to the Government of the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia of certain defense articles.

5/25/2017

Motion to discharge SFRC
rejected by Yea-Nay Vote. 4753. Roll Call No.143.

S.J.Res. 50

A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
the proposed foreign military sale to the
Government of Georgia of Javelin Missiles and
Javelin Command Launch Units.

12/7/2017

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 65

A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
the proposed export to the Government of the
Kingdom of Bahrain of certain defense articles
and services.

10/10/2018

Motion to SFRC tabled by
Yea-Nay Vote. 77-21. Roll
Call No. 243.

S.J.Res. 66

A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
the proposed export to the Government of
Qatar of certain defense articles and services.

11/29/2018

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 67

A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
the proposed export to the Government of
Egypt of certain defense articles and services.

11/29/2018

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 68

A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
the proposed export to the Government of
Egypt of certain defense articles and services.

11/29/2018

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 20

A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
the proposed sale to the Government of Bahrain
of certain defense articles and services.

5/13/2019

Motion to discharge SFRC
rejected by Yea-Nay Vote.
43-56. Roll Call No.161.

S.J.Res. 22

A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
the proposed sale to the Government of Bahrain
of certain defense articles and services.

5/14/2019

Referred to the SFRC.

Congressional Research Service

Date
Reported

Status

15

Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill
Number

Title

S.J.Res. 23

A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
the proposed sale to the Government of the
Czech Republic of certain defense articles and
services.

5/14/2019

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 24

A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
the proposed sale to the Government of the
Czech Republic of certain defense articles and
services.

5/14/2019

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 25

A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
the proposed sale to the Government of the
United Arab Emirates of certain defense articles
and services.

5/14/2019

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 26

A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
the proposed sale to the Government of Qatar
of certain defense articles and services.

5/14/2019

Motion to discharge SFRC
rejected by Yea-Nay Vote.
42-57. Roll Call No. 162.

S.J.Res. 27b

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed transfer to the United
Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, and Australia
certain defense articles and services.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 51-45. Roll Call No.
179. Sent to House and held
at the desk.

S.J.Res. 28b

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the United Arab Emirates of certain defense
articles and services.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 51-45. Roll Call No.
179. Sent to House and
held at the desk.

S.J.Res. 29b

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia certain defense
articles and services.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 51-45. Roll Call No.
179. Sent to House and
held at the desk.

S.J.Res. 30b

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the United Arab Emirates of certain defense
articles and services.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 51-45. Roll Call No.
179. Sent to House and
held at the desk.

S.J.Res. 31b

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia certain defense
articles and services.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 51-45. Roll Call No.
179. Sent to House and
held at the desk.

S.J.Res. 32b

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia certain defense
articles and services.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 51-45. Roll Call No.
179. Sent to House and
held at the desk.

S.J.Res. 33b

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the United Arab Emirates of certain defense
articles and services.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 51-45. Roll Call No.
179. Sent to House and
held at the desk.

S.J.Res. 34b

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the United Arab Emirates of certain defense
articles and services.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 51-45. Roll Call No.
179. Sent to House and
held at the desk.

Congressional Research Service

Date
Reported

Status

16

Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill
Number

Title

S.J.Res. 35b

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the United Arab Emirates of certain defense
articles and services.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 51-45. Roll Call No.
179. Sent to House and
held at the desk.

S.J.Res. 36b

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed transfer to the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland, the Kingdom of Spain, and the
Italian Republic of certain defense articles and
services.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 53-45. Roll Call No.
177. Passed House by the
Yeas and Nays: 238-190. Roll
Call No. 486. Vetoed by
President. Failed of passage in
Senate over veto by Yea-Nay
Vote. 45-40. Roll Call No.
231.

S.J.Res. 37b

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed export to the United
Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland, and the Republic of France of
certain defense articles and services.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 51-45. Roll Call No.
179. Passed House by the
Yeas and Nays: 238-190. Roll
Call No. 487. Vetoed by
President. Failed of passage in
Senate over veto by Yea-Nay
Vote. 45-39. Roll Call No.
232.

S.J.Res. 38b

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed export to the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland of certain defense
articles and services.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate without
amendment by Yea-Nay Vote.
53-45. Roll Call No. 178.
Passed House by the Yeas
and Nays: 237-190. Roll Call
No. 488. Vetoed by President.
Failed of passage in Senate
over veto by Yea-Nay Vote.
46-41. Roll Call No. 233.

S.J.Res. 39b

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed export to the United
Arab Emirates and United Kingdom of certain
defense articles, including technical data and defense
services.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 51-45. Roll Call No.
179. Sent to House and held
at the desk.

S.J.Res. 40b

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed export to India, Israel,
Republic of Korea, and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia of
certain defense articles, including technical data and
defense services.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 51-45. Roll Call No.:
179. Sent to House and held
at the desk.

S.J.Res. 41b

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed export to the
Government of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab
Emirates and the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland of technical data and defense
services.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 51-45. Roll Call No.
179. Sent to House and held
at the desk.

S.J.Res. 42b

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed export to the United
Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland of certain defense
articles, including technical data and defense
services.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 51-45. Roll Call No.
179. Sent to House and held
at the desk.

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Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill
Number

Title

S.J.Res. 43b

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed transfer to the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia certain defense articles and services.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 51-45. Roll Call No.
179. Sent to House and held
at the desk.

S.J.Res.
44ab

A joint resolution providing for
congressional disapproval of the proposed
retransfer of certain defense articles from
the United Arab Emirates to the
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate by YeaNay Vote. 51-45. Roll
Call No. 179. Sent to
House and held at the
desk.

S.J.Res. 45b

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed transfer to the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia certain defense articles and services.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 51-45. Roll Call No.
179. Sent to House and held
at the desk.

S.J.Res. 46b

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed transfer to the United
Arab Emirates certain defense articles and services.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 51-45. Roll Call No.
179. Sent to House and held
at the desk.

S.J.Res. 47b

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed transfer to the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia certain defense articles and services.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 51-45. Roll Call No.
179. Sent to House and held
at the desk.

S.J.Res. 48b

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed transfer to the United
Arab Emirates certain defense articles and services.

6/5/2019

Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
Vote. 51-45. Roll Call No.
179. Sent to House and held
at the desk.

H.J.Res. 61

Providing for congressional disapproval of the
proposed export to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland of certain defense articles and services.

6/12/2019

Referred to the HFAC.

H.J.Res. 62a

Providing for congressional disapproval of the
proposed transfer to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
and the United Arab Emirates of certain defense
articles and services.

6/12/2019

Referred to the HFAC.

H.J.Res. 63

Providing for congressional disapproval of the
proposed export to the United Arab Emirates, the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland, and the Republic of France of certain
defense articles and services.

6/12/2019

Referred to the HFAC.

H.J.Res. 64a

Providing for congressional disapproval of the
proposed transfer to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland, the Kingdom of Spain, and the Italian
Republic of certain defense articles and services.

6/12/2019

Referred to the HFAC.

S.J.Res. 77

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the United Arab Emirates of certain defense
articles and services.

11/18/2020

Motion to discharge SFRC
rejected by Yea-Nay Vote.
46-50. Roll Call No. 261.

S.J.Res. 78

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the United Arab Emirates of certain defense
articles and services.

11/18/2020

Motion to discharge SFRC
rejected by Yea-Nay Vote.
47-49. Roll Call No. 262.

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Status

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Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill
Number

Title

S.J.Res. 79

A joint resolution providing congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the United Arab Emirates of certain defense
articles and services.

11/18/2020

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 80

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the United Arab Emirates of certain defense
articles and services.

11/18/2020

Referred to the SFRC.

H.J.Res. 100

Providing for congressional disapproval of the
proposed foreign military sale to the United
Arab Emirates of certain defense articles and
services.

11/19/2020

Referred to the HFAC.

H.J.Res. 101

Providing for congressional disapproval of the
proposed foreign military sale to the United
Arab Emirates of certain defense articles and
services.

11/19/2020

Referred to the HFAC.

H.J.Res. 102

Providing for congressional disapproval of the
proposed foreign military sale to the United
Arab Emirates of certain defense articles and
services.

11/19/2020

Referred to the HFAC.

H.J.Res. 103

Providing for congressional disapproval of the
proposed foreign military sale to the United
Arab Emirates of certain defense articles and
services.

11/19/2020

Referred to the HFAC.

S.J.Res. 82a

A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of the
proposed export to the Government of the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia of certain defense articles.

1/1/2021

Referred to the SFRC.

H.J.Res. 15

Providing for congressional disapproval of the
proposed foreign military sale to the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia of certain defense articles and
services.

1/15/2021

Referred to the HFAC.

H.J.Res. 16a

Providing for congressional disapproval of the
proposed transfer to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland, the Kingdom of Spain, and the Italian
Republic of certain defense articles and services.

1/15/2021

Referred to the HFAC.

H.J.Res. 49

Providing for congressional disapproval of the
proposed direct commercial sale to Israel of certain
weaponry and munitions.

5/20/2021

Referred to the HFAC.

S.J.Res. 19

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed transfer to Israel of
certain defense articles, including defense services
and technical data.

5/20/2021

Referred to the SFRC.

H.J.Res. 63

Providing for congressional disapproval of the
proposed direct commercial sale to the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia of certain weaponry and munitions.

11/12/2021

Referred to the HFAC.

S.J.Res. 31

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia of certain
defense articles.

11/18/2021

Motion to discharge SFRC
rejected by Yea-Nay Vote.
30-67. Roll Call No. 484.

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Date
Reported

Status

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Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill
Number

Title

S.J.Res. 35

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Government of Egypt of certain defense
articles and services.

2/7/2022

Motion to discharge SFRC
rejected by Yea-Nay Vote.
19-80. Roll Call No. 73.

S.J.Res. 36

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Government of Egypt of certain defense
articles and services.

2/7/2022

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 44

A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
the proposed sale to the Government of Bahrain
of certain defense articles and services.

3/30/2022

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 48

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Government of Egypt of certain defense
articles and services.

5/26/2022

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 49

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Government of Australia of certain
defense articles and services.

6/6/2022

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 50

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Government of Egypt of certain defense
articles and services

6/6/2022

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 51

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Government of Egypt of certain defense
articles and services.

6/6/2022

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 52

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Government of Egypt of certain defense
articles and services.

6/7/2022

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 53

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Government of Australia of certain
defense articles and services.

6/23/2022

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 58

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia of certain
defense articles and services.

8/4/2022

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 59

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Government of the United Arab Emirates
of certain defense articles and services.

8/4/2022

Referred to the SFRC.

H.J.Res. 102

Providing for congressional disapproval of the
issuance of a license to export with respect to the
proposed export of defense articles, including
technical data, and defense services to the
Government of Israel.

11/15/2023

Referred to the HFAC.

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Date
Reported

Status

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Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill
Number

Title

S.J.Res. 53

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia of certain
defense articles and services.

12/11/2023

Referred to the SFRC.

H.J.Res. 105

Providing for congressional disapproval of
the proposed foreign military sale to the United
Arab Emirates of certain defense articles and
services.

1/2/2024

Referred to the HFAC.

H.J.Res. 106

Providing for congressional disapproval of
the proposed foreign military sale to the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia of certain defense
articles and services.

1/2/2024

Referred to the HFAC.

S.J.Res. 54

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Government of Egypt of certain defense
articles and services.

1/22/2024

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 55

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Government of Egypt of certain defense
articles and services.

1/22/2024

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 56

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military
sales to the Government of Egypt of certain
defense articles and services.

1/22/2024

Referred to the SFRC.

H.J.Res. 108

Providing for congressional disapproval of
the proposed foreign military sale to the
Republic of Kosovo of certain defense articles
and services.

1/30/2024

Referred to the HFAC.

S.J.Res. 60

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Government of Turkiye of certain defense
articles and services.

2/5/2024

Motion to discharge SFRC
rejected by Yea-Nay Vote.
13-79. Roll Call No. 62.

S.J.Res. 66

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Government of Bahrain of certain defense
articles and services.

3/21/2024

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 105

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia of certain
defense articles and services.

7/30/2024

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 111

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Government of Israel of certain defense
articles and services.

9/25/2024

Motion to discharge SFRC
rejected by Yea-Nay Vote.
18-79. Roll Call No. 292.

S.J.Res. 112

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Government of Israel of certain defense
articles and services.

9/25/2024

Referred to the SFRC.

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Date
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Status

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Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill
Number

Title

Date
Reported

S.J.Res. 113

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Government of Israel of certain defense
articles and services.

9/25/2024

Motion to discharge SFRC
rejected by Yea-Nay Vote.
19-78. Roll Call No. 293.

S.J.Res. 114

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Government of Israel of certain defense
articles and services.

9/25/2024

Referred to the SFRC.

S.J.Res. 115

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed license amendment for
the export of certain defense articles, defense
services, and technical data to Israel.

9/25/2024

Motion to discharge SFRC
rejected by Yea-Nay Vote. 1780. Roll Call No. 294.

H.J.Res. 226

Providing for congressional disapproval of the
proposed foreign military sale to the
Government of the United Arab Emirates of
certain defense articles and services.

11/21/2024

Referred to the HFAC.

S.J.Res. 118

A joint resolution providing for congressional
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Government of the United Arab Emirates
of certain defense articles and services.

11/21/2024

Referred to the SFRC.

Status

Source: CRS compiled table using data from Congress.gov.
Notes: The table is current as of November 21, 2024. JRDs in italics denote Direct Commercial Sales. JRDs in
bold reference only Section 36(d) of the AECA. All others are Foreign Military Sales. Each bill number includes a
hyperlink to the bill’s record in Congress.gov. HFAC is the House Committee on Foreign Affairs. SFRC is the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Hyperlinks to roll call numbers were not available in Congress.gov in
resolutions prior to 1986.
a. References Section 36(d) of the AECA, which “contains similar notification requirements, though not
reporting thresholds, for commercial technical assistance or manufacturing licensing agreements. As with
arms sales, Congress can block any of these reportable transactions by enacting a joint resolution of
disapproval as stipulated in the Arms Export Control Act (AECA) (see 22 U.S.C. 2753, 2776, 2796).” See
CRS Report RL31675, Arms Sales: Congressional Review Process, by Paul K. Kerr.
b. In May 2019, Secretary of State Michael Pompeo invoked emergency certification that waived the statutory
congressional notification period contained in the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. §2776), allowing for
the immediate transfer of 22 pending defense articles and services to Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and the United
Arab Emirates (UAE). See Michael R. Pompeo, Secretary of State, “Emergency Notification of Arms Sales to
Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia,” Press Statement, May 24, 2019. On June 5, 2019, a
bipartisan group of seven Senators introduced 22 separate Joint Resolutions of Disapproval against the sales.
On June 20, 2019, the Senate passed three measures: (1) S.J.Res. 36 by a margin of 53-45; (2) S.J.Res. 38 by
a margin of 53-45; and (3) en bloc the other 20 resolutions of disapproval prohibiting the remaining notified
transfers by a margin of 51-45. On July 17, 2019, the House passed three of the resolutions: S.J.Res.36 and
S.J.Res. 37 by 238-190; and S.J.Res.38 by 237-190. On July 24, 2019, President Donald Trump vetoed the
three bills. A July 29, 2019, Senate vote failed to override these vetoes.

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Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Author Information
Sofia Plagakis
Research Librarian

Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan
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under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other
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Congressional Research Service

R47094 · VERSION 4 · UPDATED

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/crs%3AR47094. Public record. Not legal advice.