# Appendix — Burns v. Richardson > Briefs, arguments, decisions, and more. URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/brief%3Amicro_IA40386411_0252%3A01 ## Record - **Collection:** Supreme Court brief - **Document type:** Appendix - **Published:** January 1, 1966 - **Citation:** 384 U.S. 73 ## Text — SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES OCTOBER TERM, 1965 No. 318 JOHN A. BURNS, GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF HAWAII, APPELLANT, vs. WILLIAM §S. RICHARDSON, ET AL. No. 323 ELMER F. CRAVALHO, ET AL., APPELLANTS, vs. WILLIAM S. RICHARDSON, ET AL. No. 409 KAZUHISA ABE, ET AL., APPELLANTS, vs. WILLIAM 8S. RICHARDSON, ET AL. APPEALS FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF HAWAII INDEX Recorp Press, Printers, New York, N. Y., NovEMBER 17, 1965 sn senemern conn li INDEX Cet icc Gr len Ded Oe the District of Hawaii Complaint 3 1 Exhibit A—Article III, Sections 1 through 5 of State Constitution 18 13 Exhibit B—Article XVI, Section 1 of State Constitution 20 16 Exhibit C—Table of information as to popula- tion and apportionment of Hawaii, dated July 28, 1964 24 23 Summons 25 24 Motion for preliminary injunction — 26 25 Attachment— Affidavit of Carl J. Guntert —.... 29 26 Memorandum of authorities 32 28 Answer of defendant 52 30 Complaint in intervention of John A. Burns -... 64 37 Application to fix time for hearing and order thereon 76 42 Motion of Nelson K. Doi, et al. to intervene as defendants 78 43 Notice of motion to intervene 80 44 Answer and cross-claim of Nelson K. Doi, et al. 82 45 Answer of Elmer F. Cravalho, et al. 92 49 Pre-trial order 330 53 Decision and order 370 62 Notice of motion to alter or amend judgment __ 394 82 Motion to alter or amend judgment — 396 83 Statement of reasons and authorities —_..____. 399 85 Motion to amend motion to alter or amend judg- ment and order thereon 411 87 Final order on motion to alter or amend judg- ment 454 88 Memorandum of Governor’s position on Senate reapportionment under House Bill No. 773, Senate Draft 1 480 91 Addendum to Governor’s memorandum — INDEX lil Original Prirt Record from the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii—Continued Submission of proposed Constitutional amend- ments adopted and legislation enacted pursuant to minute order dated March 9, 1965, as amended 537 103 Exhibit “A”—Conference Committee Report No. 2 re: H.B. No. 987, S.D.1, to the Presi- dent of the Senate, dated April 13, 1965 ____ 540 105 Conference Committee Report No. 2 re H.B. No. 987, 8.D.1, C.D.1, to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, dated April 12, 1965 543 109 H.B. No. 987, 8.D.1, C.D.1—reapportion- ment and redistricting plan for the Senate 546 113 Exhibit “B”—Conference Committee Report No. 1 re H.B. No. 773, S.D.1 to the Presi- dent of the Senate, dated April 13, 1965 553 119 Conference Committee Report No. 1 re H.B. No. 773, S.D.1, ©.D.1 to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, dated April 12, 1965 561 130 H.B. No. 773, §.D.1, C.D.1—proposed Con- stitutional amendment _._ 569 140 Exhibit “C’—H.B. No. 986—legislation pur- suant to the provisions of Article XV of the Gthte Comstitetion 2 577 147 Order staying injunction _._ saa Mate isaco ents 580 150 Decision and order on Hawaii’s Senate Reappor- tionment Plan of April 14,1965 582 151 Notice of appeal of John A. Burns, Governor of Hawaii, to the Supreme Court of the United States m ; 613 165 Motion to suspend injunction and for stay of order pending appeal _..- = 621 168 Attachment—Affidavit of John A. Burns ___ 622 169 Application to fix time for hearing and order thereon é 631 177 Notice of motion _ a 632 178 iv INDEX Record from the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii—Continued Notice of appeal of Hawaii State Senators Kazuhisa Abe, et al. to the Supreme Court of the United States Notice of appeal of Elmer F. Cravalho, et al. to the Supreme Court of the United States —_. Ruling on motion to suspend injunction and for stay of order pending appeal Docket entries Certificate of Clerk (omitted in printing) — Excerpts from Transcript of Proceedings—Au- gust 25 and 26, 1964 Testimony of Robert Schmitt— direct eross by Mr. Dodge —-......... eross by Mr. Padgett Examination by the Court eross by Mr. Dodge --._- eross by Mr. Padgett eross by Mr. Kanbara _..... cross by Mr. Padgett —..... cross by Mr. Kanbara —... Testimony of Robert Schmitt— (resumed ) Offers in evidence direct voir dire cross direct Offers in evidence Excerpts from Transcript of Proceedings— Janu- ary 11, 1965 ‘ ; Offers in evidence Testimony of Robert Schmitt— (recalled )— ET Se Skee oe aa “ 780 262 eross by Mr. Kanbara —___ 787 266 cross by Mr. Padgett __ 787 266 ner INDEX v Original Print Record from the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii—Continued Excerpts from Transcript of Proceedings—Janu- ary 11, 1965—Continued Testimony of Robert Schmitt (recalled as a witness for intervenor-plaintiffs )— direct 790 269 cross by Mr. Dodge —___. 798 274 cross by Mr. Padgett 799 275 Testimony of Eileen K. Lota— direct 801 276 Testimony of Robert Schmitt (recalled as a wicness for plaintiffs )— direct 818 286 Excerpts from Transcript of Proceedings—April 15 and 16, 1965 824 291 Inquiry by Judge Pence and response by Mr. Kanbara 824 291 Offers in evidence 827 291 Testimony of Sakae Takahashi— direct 830 293 cross by Mr. Kanbara ___. 851 307 cross by Mr. Dodge _____ 856 311 cross by Mr. Tonaki _______. 861 314 cross by Mr. Kanbara ____. 862 315 Testimony of Robert Schmitt (recalled as a witness for intervenor-plaintiffs )— direct 864 316 cross by Mr. Dodge . & 327 cross by Mr. Kanbara ____ 883 329 Remarks of Deputy Attorney General Kanbara 889 333 Reporters’ certificate (omitted in printing) 897 338 Certificate of clerk (omitted in printing) ____. 898 338 Plaintiffs’ Exhibit 1—Table showing statistics on population, registered voters and apportion- ment of Legislature 899 339 Plaintiffs’ Exhibit 6—Map—Proposed Represen- tative and Senatorial Districts Based on Total Population, Maui County Original Print vi INDEX Record from the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii—Continued Plaintiffs’ Exhibit 7—Map—Proposed Repres~ tative and Senatorial Districts Based on Totas Population, Hawaii County 901 341 Plaintiffs’ Exhibit 9—Map—Proposed Represen- tative and Senatorial Districts Based on Total Population, Kauai County 902 342 Plaintiffs’ Exhibit 11—Standing Committee Re- port No. 92, Constitutional Convention “f Hawaii 903 343 Plaintiffs’ Exhibit 14—Excerpt from Statistical Report 22, Election Statistics of Hawaii, De- partment of Planning and Economic Develop- ment, October 15, 1964 925 359 Plaintiffs’ Exhibit 15—Corrections, dated Novem- ber 6, 1964, to Statistical Report 20, “Military Personnel and Dependents in Hawaii, July 1964”, dated July 27, 1964, together with the Statistical Report 941 375 Plaintiffs’ Exhibit 16—Table 1—Population, by class, for Hawaii, by Legislative District—1960 957 391 Defendant’s Exhibit A—Testimony of Robert C. Schmitt, Statistician, Department of Planning and Economic Development before the State ee Ea ee 958 392 Defendant’s Exhibit B—Map showing and listing Registration Points on Oahu — 968 402 Defendant’s Exhibit C—Procedure for Voter Registration—Honolulu and Guide to Regis- tration of Military Personnel 970 404 Intervenors-Plaintiffs’ Exhibit GO-1—1960 popu- lation and apportionment statistics —..____ 972 407 Intervenors-Plaintiffs’ Exhibit GO-2—Statement of Delegate Wirtz, excerpt from Vol. II, Pro- ceedings of the Constitutional Convention of Hawaii, p. 760 _ 3 2 Third - Hawaii « 7,714 2, 986 2,973 3, 028 1 B T ps Fourth.- Hawaii 11, 369 3, 862 4,073 4, 239 1 1 l 1 Fifth - Hawaii 5, 666 ' 2,641 2,720 2,902 1 1 1 | Se Sixth - Maui 7, 138 2, 560 2,574 2,739 1 1 1 l Seventh - Maui 35, 717 14, 195 14, 965 15, 586 4 3 3 3 Eighth - Oahu 68, 281 13, 876 18, 369 22, 450 4 6 5 5 Ninth - Oahu 42, 816 5, 929 7,410 .- 7,973 2 3 2 z Tenth - Oahu 95, 118 12, 926 17, 003 20, 861 4 3 4q 5 Eleventh - Oahu 57,743 10, 525 12,553 14, 401 3 5 3 3 Twelfth - Oahu 25, 552 8, 372 10, 000 10, 889 3 2 3 3 a Thirteenth - Oahu 28,592 7,621 7, 807 7, 260 2 2 2 z ' Fourteenth - Oahu 42, 476 14, 134 16, 056 17, 305 4 3 4 3 Fifteenth - Oahu _ 60; 125 21, 063 25; 869 28, 685 6 5 6 7 Sixteenth - Oahu 42,750 13, 746 16, 176 17, 072 4 3 4a 4 Seventeenth - Oahu 36, 956 13, 455 15, 880 17, 428 4 a 4a 4 Eighteenth - Kauai 28, 176 11, 381 11, 338 11, 807 3 2 3 3 Source: Department of Planning and Economic Development, State of Hawaii, July 28, 1964. * Based on 1960 Federal Census. : ** from Office of the Lieutenant Governor, State of Hawaii. Instances when apportionment based on registered voters differ from that bascd on population are indicated by underscoring. Pik Rene ee Te emer sg ae SIE Str: 1 Ae caeneess pastes: " Ag pete ri Ys ‘ ¥ » ‘ kta we abate! ST. ET EM Catena teri Su BI ad LE LOLI LL SEIS Meee AM POOLE On oe RIA | IL ' ¢ (fol. 900] KALAWAO COUNTY MAUI COU e E q 7: 21,6 pay 21,179 Xf) ° fy * 25 @ & 5 a if i WU : 5 ; Wailuku cy a ( 7 4,982 West © oo, z F central a @ £ as i yooe Central East Maui 11,482 SCALE IN MILES LEGEND (1) Senatorial Districts Kahoolawe (1) Representative Districts Proposed Representative and Senatorial Districts Based on Tota DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING SiifGhQNiGhAlGe A hliclsSAAAb ieee een OVERSIZE PAGE-SEE NEXT FRAME “ [fol. 900] 340 te Seem KALAWAO COUNTY MAUI COUNTY NAN Lanai East Maui 11,482 MILES rial Districts Kahoolawe entative Districts 2presentative and Senatorial Districts Based on Total Population G & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ' STATE OF HAWAII 8 ; Sj2144S1Q sAOsUssasdoy ; odo nuop: : p25 Oyu @) | $49!145S1Q (O140,OUeS C1) Anjoung QN3937 | e n'ai © | UDMDH 1S8M os nounouow = Oo - | 2460'2! ' © Auld OH YyNOS | \ \ Ajid O}1}H4 [O4yued hog ono» 62262 v9¢'2I @) te Aytd Of UssON , NO|OxOH s¢c9'z! HOMDH U4s4ON $37. A N' 3°v9Ss ii - 9 2 2 Cc hog O:d10m it*74 30 3.¥.iS LIN7A40173' 3C 1VKCNCD3 BEN NNTi¢ 20 INSHLYVdIG 1IVMVH . ig NjOGN UOIFOINGOG |DJO] UO POSDG Sjd!44SIG |DIUOJDUeS PUD BAIJDJUaSesday pesodoig L Uiainxg SdaILNivig TIVAV]{ 40 LOMIsiq] FHL 40,7 TUN0D LOOMIS] SHLVLG GILINQ AHL NT LEGEND In tHe Unirep Strares District Court For tue District or Hawan Puarntirrs’ Exuisir 9 Niihau 28,176 (1) Senatorial District O Representative Districts Proposed Representative and Senatorial DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OVERSIZE PAGE-SEE NEXT FRAME [ fol. 902] KAUAI COUNTY East Kauai 13,468 Kauai West 14,708 @) Districts Based on Total Po STA ln tHe Unirep Srares District Court For tHe District or Hawau Puawntirrs’ Exureir 9 N 6 ) 6 12 ee SCALE IN MILES [ fol. 902] KAUAI. COUNTY Kauai East 13,468 West Kauai 14,708 @) Niihau LEGEND (1) Senatorial District (1) Representative Districts posed Representative and MENT OF PLANNING & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 28,176 Senatorial Districts Based on Total Population STATE OF HAWAII {fol. 903] In tHe Unitep States District Court For THE District or Hawa Puaintir¥s’ Exuisit 11 Standing Committee Report No. 92 Your Committee on Legislative Powers and Functions submits herewith a committee proposal for a complete article on legislative powers and functions. The proposal embodies what your Committee believes necessary or de- sirable in establishing the legislative department of the state government. Before arriving at its proposal your Committee studed the several proposals referred to it, as well as those provisions of the Hawaiian Organic Act, the Model State Constitution and the constitutions of several of the states pertaining to the legislature. Your Commit- tee has decided to retain the framework provided in the Organic Act without substantial change, except in a few particulars. Your Committee believes that the legislature should re- main bicameral, but recognizing the desirability of wider representation of the population, which has greatly in- creased since the adoption of the Organic Act, has pro- vided for an increase in the membership of both houses of the legislature. However, while it was unanimously agreed that there should be an increase in membership, your Committee was unable to agree as to the extent of | the increase. A majority of your Committee approved a senate of 25 members and a house of representatives of 51 members, while a minority insisted that the house should not be larger than 41 members nor the senate larger than 21 members. (fol. 904] In fixing the composition of the two houses your Committee was faced with the problem of reappor- tionment, which, with the increase and shift of population since 1900, has become complicated as well as acute. Your committee has agreed that the house of representatives 344 must be apportioned on the basis of the number of regis. tered voters among the several major island divisions (the present counties) but that the present ratio of representa. tion among the four existing senatorial districts shoul be maintained in the senate. In districting your Commit. tee made but one change as to senatorial districts, that being the splitting of the island of Oahu into two districts roughly corresponding to the present representative dis. tricts, but completely revised the representative districts, which are increased from six to eighteen. A major departure proposed by your Committee from the provisions of the Organic Act 1s the provision for an. nual, as distinguished from biennial, sessions of the legis. lature. Your committee proposes that of the annual regular sessions, only those held in the odd numbered years, which shall be known as “general sessions,” shall he open to all kinds of legislation and that those held in the even numbered years, to be known as “budget sessions,” shall be confined to the general appropriations bill and bills to authorize proposed capital improvement expendi- tures, revenue bills necessary therefor, bills to provide for the expenses of such session, urgency measures deemed necessary in the public interest, bills calling elections and [fol. 905] proposed constitutional amendments. In addi- tion, special sessions are provided for. The provision for annual sessions is a recognition of the need today for more frequent, if not continuous, ses- sions of the legislature, particularly in view of the diff- culties of projecting estimate of revenues and expenses for two years and more in advance, as is the case at present. The provision for a budget session in those years in which a general session is not held, makes it possible to limit appropriations for the expenses of the government to a single fiscal year. A similar thought underlies your Committee’s action in providing for the establishment of a legislative council. While such a provision might be considered legislative and the inclusion of such provision objected to on that 345 ground, your Committee believes that the work of the leg- islature must be implemented by a continuous study by some agency under the control of the legislature in the interim between sessions and that it is a matter of such importance that it should not be left entirely to legislation. Another important change is in the provision for re- apportionment. The provision of the Organic Act for re- apportionment has been, as is notorious, totally ineffective. Your Committee proposes that reapportionment be practi- cally automatic every ten years. Following is a summary of each of the several sections of the propesed article, with some comment. [fol. 906] Suction 1. Legislative powers. Section 1 vests the legislative power in the legislature, which is to consist - of a senate and a house of representatives. The legislative power is extended to “all rightful subjects of legislation not inconsistent with the constitution of this state or the eonstitution of the United States,” which phrase is in- tended as the broadest possible grant. Unlike section 55 of the Organic Act, from the first sentence of which said phrase is derived, and the constitutions of many of the states, the restrictions on the legislative power are uot to be found in this article but, if at all, in other parts of the constitution. Section 2. Senate; senatorial districts; number of mem- bers. Section 2 fixes the membership of the senate, de- lineates the several senatorial districts and fixes the number of senators to be elected from each. The senatorial districts, with the exception of those on the island of Oahu, are the same as now exist for the Territory. Oahu has been divided into two senatorial districts, the boundaries of which are the same as the boundaries for the present fourth and fifth representative districts except that all of windward Oahu is included in the old fifth representative district. Your Committee contemplates no automatic re- apportionment of the senate. These districts and the mem- bers to be elected from each district will therefore remain until changed by constitutional amendment. 346 [fol. 907] The Committee proposal increases the member. ship of the senate from its present 15 to 25. Early in the deliberations of your committee on the question of the eon. position of each house of the legislature, there was unajj. mous agreement that the house of representatives shoylq be apportioned according to some fixed principle, and that the senate was to be apportioned on some other basis, The majority of the members of the Committee felt that the present size of the senate, 15 members, was too small, There was general agreement that it should be larger, There was, however, no unanimity as to the exact size that it should be. The proposed membership of 25 was arrived at by an agreement that the same proportion of Oahu members to neighbor island members be continued. With six members at present being elected from Oahu out of a total senate membership of 15, that proportion today is forty per cent for Oahu as against sixty per cent for the neighbor islands, By selecting a senate of 25 members, that proportion re. mains unchanged. This was not the only size for the senate that was con. sidered. The Committee discussed retaining the present 15 member senate, a senate of 19 members, a senate of 20 members with the Lieutenant Governor as its presiding of- ficer, a senate of 21 members and a senate of 23 members. The 20 member senate, while it would have retained the present 40-60 proportion, was rejected as placing legisla- tive authority and responsibility in the Lieutenant Gov- ernor,.a member of the executive department. Some of [fol. 908] the members felt it inadvisable to go beyond a senate of 21 members, with a distribution of nine for Oahu and twelve for the neighbor islands. However, because this distribution would have given Oahu slightly more than forty per cent of the total senate, a majority of your com- mittee voted to reject this plan. The retention of a 15 member senate was vigorously proposed by some members, but was rejected by a majority of the committee members. 347 The division of the island of Oahu into two senatorial districts was agreed upon, although not unanimously, in an effort to limit the area that would have to be covered in campaigns and to reduce campaign expenses. The in- clusion of the Kailua and Waimanalo areas in the old fifth representative district follows a pattern set by the election districts for the election of Oahu delegates to this con- vention. Section 3. House of representatives; representative dis- tricts; number of members; apportionment. Section 3 fixes the number of members of the house of representatives. It further describes the 18 representative districts from which the members of the house will be elected. As the descriptions of some districts are necessarily long, they will be included in the schedule of the constitution, but are nevertheless to be considered as a part thereof. The num- ber of members to which each of these districts will be entitled until Fe php is based on the number of voters registered in each district in 1950. (fol. 909] From a very early point in your Committee’s deliberation on the question of apportionment and reap- portionment of the house of representatives, your Com- mittee was unanimous in its decision to apportion the members among the several major island divisions on a realistic basis and in accordance with the principle that representation should be as nearly uniform as possible. One of the reasons why the reapportionment directed by the Organic Act was not carried out was because that Act required reapportionment on the basis of citizen popula- tion. A breakdown of the population according to this standard has not been locally available. Total population figures for the Territory are shown by census tracts which do not necessarily coincide with locally defined areas. As a practical matter, the number of registered voters was found to bear a reliable and fairly uniform relationship to total population, although it favors slightly the neighbor islands where the percentage of persons who have regis- tered to vote is from one to two per cent higher than for 348 Oahu. It was in recognition of the potential difficulty jy obtaining figures which would show citizen population o; figures which would show total population by desirabj, districts, that the basis for apportionment of the member of the house was chosen as the number of registered voters A majority of the members of your Committee was oj the opinion that the present representation enjoyed by the neighbor islands should not, at least for the present time [fol. 910] be decreased. With a 51-member house, appor. tioned equally among the several major island units, the present representation is maintained, although the repy. sentation for the island of Oahu is increased from twelve members to 33 members. The cost to the state of a Legislature, with a 51-member house and a 25-member senate, was discussed at some length by your committee incident to the question of having bier. nial or annual sessions of the legislature. Some of the members of the committee felt that this larger size would, on a cost basis, make it inadvisable to provide for annual sessions ; however, the majority of the members of the com. mittee felt that the state could afford to have both a large legislature and annual sessions. Section 4. Reapportionment of the house of representa. tives; mandamus. Some history of the reapportionment problem in the Territory may be outlined here. Under the 1894 Constitution of the Republic of Hawaii, the house of representatives consisted of 15 members, as did the other house. There is no positive proof that the apportionment of the members of the house was on a straight population basis; however, the very high correlation between the nun- ber of members from each major island division and the total population of those divisions, as shown by the 18% census, indicates that total population was probably the standard used. The drafters of the Organic Act, in recog- nizing that a 15-member house was too small for effective [fol. 911] work, increased the membership to 30. This was done by merely doubling the number of representatives from each representative district. The drafters further 349 provided that, upon the completion of the next decennial census, and from time to time thereafter, both the house and the senate should be reapportioned by the legislature in accordance with citizen population. It is, of course, well jnown that this was not done by any succeeding legislature. The reapportionment problem has thus been aggravated by inaction over the years and the inequalities in the repre- sentation of the major island divisions have become more and more pronounced. By adopting, as the committee has done unanimously, the principle of uniform representation with periodic reapportionment to meet changing conditions, your committee sincerely feels that the problem has been finally solved. Where there was disagreement in the com- mittee, it was on the total membership of the house and not upon the method of reapportionment. Section 4 sets out the methods and the procedure for automati¢ reapportionment, and involves two steps, both of which have been spelled out. Step one is to take the total number #f members of the house and to apportiqn those members} among the four major island divisions) (which have beqn defined as “basic areas”) on the basis of the number of registered voters in each division. Step two is to take the number of representatives to which each basic area is entitled and to further apportion those members among the several representative districts within each basic {fol. 912] area as those districts are defined in Section 3. This second apportionment is also based on the number of registered voters. The result of this procedure is to achieve what is deemed to be the most equitable distribution of members among the several representative districts. The mathematical process, known as “‘the method of equal pro- portions,” is the identical method used in apportioning the members of the United States house of representatives among the several states (55 Stat. 761-2; 2 U.S.C.A., 2a, 2b) and has been proven by expert mathematicians to re- sult in the least possible discrimination. The initial apportionment, as set out in Section 3, main- tains the present neighbor island representation in the 350 house. However, there is no guarantee that upon reappor. tionment any area or district will continue to be entitleg to elect the same number of representatives. Should the number of registered voters in any district, for exam drop in proportion to the number of registered voters jy the State as a whole, the number of representatives to which that district would be entitled would be proportion. ately less. It was not deemed advisable by your Committee to pro. vide for complete redistricting of the State at the time of each reapportionment. To obviate the necessity for periodic redistricting, representative districts were fixed in such manner that it appears highly improbable that any district in the next few decades will not be entitled, on the basis of registered voters, to elect at least one representative, [fol. 913] Should, however, the number of registered voters fall below the number which would logically entitle it to elect a representative, provision is made for the redistrict. ing of the basic area within which such a district lies, Maps showing the boundaries of these districts have been filed with the convention secretary. The duty for effecting reapportionment and such redis. tricting as might be necessary has been placed on the Gov- ernor. In order to assure that this duty, which is of a ministerial nature, will actually be carried out, the Gov- ernor has been made specifically subject to mandamus by the Supreme Court. This is the only way in which a con- stitution can guarantee reapportionment and is conse- quently the method considered by this committee to be the most desirable. [fol. 914] Section 5. Election of members; term of office. Section 5 provides for the election of members of the legis- lature at general elections and fixes the term of office of members of the house of representatives at two years and that of members of the senate at four years. Section 6. Vacancies. Section 6 provides that vacancies in the legislature shall be filled for the unexpired term in 351 sach manner as may be prescribed by law, but if no such provision is made, then by appointment by the governor for the unexpired term. This is a change from the Organic Act (sections 31 and 37), which required vacancies to be filled by election. Section 7. Qualifications of members. Section 7 states the qualifications for members of the senate and the house of representatives. The requirements are the same as in the Organic Act (sections 34 and 40), namely, (1) attain- ment of the age of 30 years in case of senators and 25 years incase of members of the house, (2) residence in the State for not less than three years and (3) a requirement that the person be a qualified voter of the district, senatorial or representative, as the case may be, from which he seeks to be elected. The requirement of American citizenship is, of course, implied in the third requirement. ployees. Section 8, which is derived from but somewhat broader than section 17 of the Organic Act, disqualifies any person while holding any public office, position or employ- ment from being elected to or from taking or holding a seat in the legislature, the difference being that the proposed section applies to persons holding public positions or em- ployment as well as public offices. It is not to be construed, (fol. 915] however, to prevent a member of the legislature from being re-elected or to prevent a member of either house from being elected to the other. Section 9. Privileges of members. Section 9 sets forth the privileges of members of the legislature. The immunity from liability of members of the legislature has been en- larged to include “any statement made or action taken” in the exercise of legislative functions, as compared to section 28 of the Organic Act, which limits the immunity to “words uttered.” The proposed section is intended to cover writ- ten as well as oral statements and any action taken in the exercise of legislative functions, in the broadest sense. se 8. Disqualification of public officers and em- 352 The provision for exemption from arrest is the same ag cop. tained in section 29 of the Organic Act, except that the ten-day limitation on going to and returning from sessions has been omitted. Section 10. Disqualification of members. Section 10 dis. qualifies members of the legislature (1) from holding any other public office, position or employment of profit while holding their legislative office and (2) during the term for which they are elected or appointed, from being elected or appointed to any public office, position or employment of profit which is created, or the emoluments whereof are jp. creased, by legislative act during such term. The first dig. qualification corresponds to a similar disqualification in the judiciary article. The second disqualification is derived from section 16 of the Organic Act but the Organie Aet disqualification applies only to “any office of the Territory.” (fol. 916] The provision under consideration is different in that (1) the disqualification of a member applies to a position or employment, as well as an office, of profit of the State or any local government or any agency thereof, but (2) on the other hand, it will apply only to an office, position or employment of profit that has been created, or the emoluments whereof increased, by the legislature dur. ing the term for which such member was elected or ap- pointed. {fol. 917] Section 11. Salary of members. Section 11 fixes the salary of members of the legislature as follows: $1,500 for each general session, $1,000 for each budget session and $750 for each special session of the legislature. No salary is to be payable when the senate alone is convened in spe- cial session. The salaries are to be payable in such install- ments as may be prescribed by law. The term “salary” has been used advisedly. While the legislature will have no authority to change the amount of the salaries fixed in this section, it is not intended to preclude the legislature from providing for the payment of per diem allowances and al- 353 Jowances for or reimbursement of travel and other ex- penses. Section 12. Sessions of legislature. Section 12 provides for regular sessions to be held annually, as well as special sessions of the legislature or of the senate alone. As briefly stated above, the annual sessions are to be “general ses- sions” and “budget sessions” in alternate years. The budget sessions are to be limited to the consideration and enact- ment of the general appropriations bill for the succeeding fiscal year and bills to authorize proposed capital expendi- tures, revenue bills necessary therefor, urgency measures deemed necessary in the public interest, bills calling elec- tions, proposed constitutional amendments and bills to pro- vide for the expenses of such session. Special limitations are imposed with respect to urgency measures, first, that each urgency measure must contain in a separate section a statement of the facts constituting the urgency, anv, see ond, that no such measure may be considered by «ther house until such section is first approved by each house. [fol. 918] Furthermore, in the approval of such section and upon the final passage of the measure in each house, a two- thirds vote of all the members to which such house is en- titled is required. The term “approval,” as used in this respect, is not intended to require anything more than a single reading and vote, as distinguished from the passage of the measure itself, which will require three readings. The time for the commencement of regular sessions has been fixed at 10:00 o’clock a.m., on the third Wednesday in February, the date being the same as provided in section 41 of the Organic Act. General sessions are limited to 60 days, while budget sessions and special sessions are limited to 30 days, but the governor is authorized to extend any session for not more than 30 days. Sundays and holidays do not count in computing the number of days in any ses- sion. Section 13. Adjournments. Section 13, which is substan- tially the same as section 42 of the Organic Act, simply 354 provides that neither house may adjourn for more thay three days, or sine die, without the consent of the other, Section 14. Organization; seating and punishment of members; officers; rules; journal; record of vote. Section 14 includes a number of provisions contained in several sections of the Organic Act. The provision that each honge shall be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifica. tions of its own members is the same as section 15 of the Organie Act. The provision that each house shall have power to punish any member for misconduct, disorde-ly behavior, or neglect of duty is derived from section 27 of the Organic Act. The grounds for punishment have beep [fol. 919] enlarged to include misconduct, which term is to be taken in its broadest sense. Punishment may be censure or by suspension or expulsion, but a two-thirds vote of all the members to which the house is entitled is re. quired for suspension or expulsion. The provision that each house shall choose its own officers, determine the rules of its proceedings and keep a journal is substantially the same as section 20 of the Organic Act. The provision that the vote on any question shall be entered upon the journal at the request of one-fifth of the members present is the same as section 21 of the Organic Act. (fol. 920] Section 15. Quorum; number required to act; compulsory attendance. Section 15 is also taken from sev. eral sections of the Organie Act. The requirement of a majority of the number of members to which each house is entitled for a quorum for the conduct of ordinary business, that of a majority of such quorum for action on ordinary business, and the requirement of a majority vote of all the members to which each house is entitled for the final pas- sage of a bill are the same as in section 22 of the Organic Act. The provision for the taking of the vote by ayes and noes and the entry thereof in the journal upon the final passage of a bill is taken from section 46 of the Organic Act. The provision that a smaller number than a quorum may adjourn from day to day and may compel the atten- 355 dance of absent members is the same as section 23 of the Organic Act. Section 16. Bills; enactment by bill; subject and title; enacting clause. Section 16 contains one new provision, to wit, that no law shall be passed except by bill. This provision would eliminate the practice of legislating by joint resolutions. This section further requires that each law shall embrace but one subject, which is required to be expressed in its title, as is provided by section 45 of the Organic Act. The description of the enacting clause of laws is substantially the same as that specified in section 44 of the Organic Act. Section 17. Passage of bills. Section 17 sets forth the requirement of passage on three readings in each house on separate days for any bill to become law, as is provided in section 46 of the Organic Act. The provision for certifica- tion of bills from one house to the other upon passage is (fol. 921] the same as in section 47 of the Organic Act. Section 18. Action by governor; approval; veto; failure to approve or veto. Section 18 is derived from sections 49 and 51 of the Organic Act, both of which relate to action on a bill by the governor after passage by the legislature and certification and presentation thereof to him. A bill becomes law upon approval by the governor, which is indi- cated by his signing the same. A bill is vetoed by the gov- ernor if he returns it, with his objections, to the legislature. The veto power, in the case of any bill appropriating money for specific purposes, is applicable to any specific item or items and may be exercised by striking out or reducing the same, but as to other bills the veto must be of the bill as awhole. Such provisions are the same as the provisions of the Organic Act, except the provision for reduction of specific items as stated above. If any bill is neither signed nor returned by the governor within ten days, Sundays and holidays excepted, after it has been presented to him, it becomes law unless the legislature by adjournment pre- a vents i ® .cturn, in which case it does not become law. This provision is in substance the same as the second pa aph of section 51 of the Organic Act, except that holidays as well as Sundays are to be excluded in computing the tey day period. 356 Section 19. Procedure upon veto. Section 19 sets forth the procedure upon veto and is substantially the same as section 50 of the Organic Act. The requirement of a two. thirds vote of all the members to which each house ig ep. titled for the over-riding of the governor’s veto is retained, [fol. 922] Section 20. Punishment of persons not mem. bers. Section 20 provides for the summary punishment of persons not members of the legislature for contempt of either house or any committee thereof, the punishment therefor being limited to a fine of not more than $100 or imprisonment for not more than 30 days. The parallel sec. tion in the Organic Act is section 25, but there are gsyb. stantial differences. The proposed section is intended as a declaration of the inherent power of the legislature to punish for contempt, but is not intended to prevent the legislature from enacting legislation to provide for judi- cial proceedings as an alternative method of vindicating the authority of the legislature, with such penalties as may be provided by such law. Section 21. Impeachment of elective executive officers. Section 21 provides for the impeachment of the governor and other elective officers of the executive department of the State, as distinguished from the judicial and the legisla- tive branches. Grounds for impeachment are limited to treason, bribery and other high crimes and misdemeanors. The power to impeach is vested in the house of representa- tives but the power to try all impeachments is vested in the senate. The chief justice presides in case the governor is being tried. Conviction requires concurrence of two- thirds of the members present and judgments upon convie- tion are limited to removal from office and disqualificativa LERMAN NPAT ENS SRNR INS RUN ETT SA — from holding office. Conviction upon impeachment, how- ever, does not preclude further prosecution and punish- pr according to law. The foregoing provisions are pat- terned after the provisions of the Frderal Constitution on this subject. (fol. 923] Section 22. Legislative council; duties; salary. Section 22 establishes a legislative council, to be composed of such members of the legislature as may be provided by law. The duties of the council are to collect information concerning the government and general welfare of the State and to report thereon to the legislature, to study and re- rt on such measures for proposed legislation as may be submitted to it and such other duties as may be assigned by law. The council is authorized to recommend such legis- lation as in its opinion the welfare of the State may re- quire. Members of the council may receive, in addition to their salary as legislators, such salary as may be provided by law. ‘tn conclusion, your Committee believes that this proposal provides a suitable structure for the legislative branch of the State government that has been, in the main, proved by our experience under the Organic Act. Your Commit- tee therefore recommends that this Committee proposal pass on second reading, subject, however to such amend- ments as may be made thereto.—June 23, 1950 357 Wm. H. Heen, Hiram L. Fong Chairman Flora K. Hayes E. B. Holroyde, Frederick Ohrt Vice-Chairman Thos. T. Sakakihara Edward C. Bryan Arthur D. Woolaway Randolph Crossley Herbert K. H. Lee and Wm. H. Heen—We do not concur as to those portions of Sections 2 and 3 of the proposal which fix the total membership of the senate and house of representatives, and, unless such mem- [fol. 924] bership is reduced, we do not concur in the 358 provision for annual sessions contained in Section 12. Elizabeth R. Kellerman and Cable A. Wirtz—We 4 not concur with sections 2 and 3. Toshie-Serizawa—lI do not concur with section 2, Petef Kawahara—I do not concur with sections 2 and 3. Vol. I, Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention ; of Hawaii, pp. 249-253 359 In THE Unirep States District Court For tHE District oF Hawa Puarntirrs’ Exuipir 14 DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STATE OF HAWAII HONOLULU. MAWAII 96613 statistical Report 22 October 15, 1964 ELECTION STATISTICS OF HAWAII This report presents statistics on the number of persons eligible to register to vote for Hawaii elections, the number and characteristics of registered voters, the number of votes cast, apportionment of the State Legislature (both current and proposed), and party membership of State and County officials. Trend data are shown from 1900 forward. Hawaii was annexed to the United States in 1898 and granted a Territorial form of government two years later. Statehood was formally achieved on August 19, 1959. Local government is vested in one combined city and county, three predominantly rural counties, and one quasi county administered by the State Department of Health. there are no incorporated cities or towns. Additional information appears in Guide to Government in Hawaii (Second tition, 1963), published by the Legislative Reference Bureau of the University of Hawaii, and in reports of the Office of the Lieutenant Governor. This summary was prepared by the Statistics Branch of the Department of Planning and Economic Development. Many of the tables were compiled to update the section on "Elections" in the Statistical Abstract of Hawaii, 1962. Others were developed at the request of the Governor and State Legislature to assist in reapportion- nent of the Legislature. Apportionment was computed by the "Method of Equal Pro- portions," as recommended by the Advisory Committee to the Director of the Census and the National Academy of Sciences and described in U.S. Senate Document No. 304, loth Congress, 3d Session (1940). The same method is specified in the Hawaii State Constitution (Art. III, Sect. 4). 91S 360 [fol. 926] > Tabie 1.--fOrULACLON AND KEGISTERED VOIcaS, FOR HAWALI: ists TO 1902 ee! wen eee 2 Civilian | Regist- Civilian | Repist- ee pepulia- ered Per cent popula- ered Per cent trou, voters, of pop. tion, voters, of pop Year July 1 Nov. registered Year July 1 Nov.=! | repisteres 1902 .,... | 157,100 | 12,612 8.0 1934 ....| 366,700 71,168 | 49., 1904 27... | 167,600 | 13,253 7.9 1936 ....| 376,600 | 75,059 | 49; 1906 2/... | 166,400 | 13,578 8.2 1938 ....| 388,800 | 83,312 | 2), 1S: 55275 182,000 | 13,274 7.3 1940 ....]| 397,405 | 87,312 22.0 1910 ..... 191,300 | 14,442 7.5 1942 ....| 446,119 | 85,292 19. 1912 ..... | 200,900 | 15,185 7.6 1944 ....| 464,250 | 84,326 18.2 Ce 217,800 | 17,699 8.1 1946 ....] 470,153 | 103,180 | 2) 1916 ..... | 228,600 | 18,981 8.3 1948 ....| 491,146 | 123,616 | 25.) ct nee 241,700 | 20,124 8.3 1950 ...-| 472,780 | 141,319 | 2949 1920 ..... | 254,500 | 26,335 10.3 1952 ....| 462,494 | 148,717 32.2 1922 2/... | 271,500 | 32,491 12.0 1954 ....] 474,391 | 160,865 33.9 1924 2/... | 294,800 | 34,739 11.8 1956 ....}] 512,200 | 170,258 33.2 1926 ..... | 316,100 | 40,569 12.8 1958 ...-| 555,222 | 175,317 31.6 1928 ..... | 336,400 | 46,058 13.7 1959 ....] 568,661 | 183.118 | 32.2 1930 ..... | 354,100 | 52,149 14.7 1960 ....] 590,650 | 202,059 | 4. 1932 ..... | 268,900 | 63,831 17.3 1S57 .2.-| 635,868 | 221,650 34.9 except for 1959 (July 28). 2/xegistered voter total differs from that reported in Keport of the Governor of Hawaii to the Secretary of the Interior, 1901-1937: 13,449 in 1904, 13,577 in 1906, 28,806 in 1922 and 29,717 in 1924. Source: Office of the Lieutenant Governor, records; Hawaii Department of Economic Development, Intercensal Population Estimates for Hawaii, 1848-1963 (June 3, 1963), pp. 7-8. 361 (fol. 927] --POPULATION AND REGISTERED VOTERS, FOR HAWAII, BY COUNTY: 1900 TO 1962 Table 2- wpe iN Total popy- Registered Per cent of popu- County and year lation i/ voters 2 lation registered _—_———— —, re a RAR 154,001 11,218 7.3 . Seseaneeaommenants, Sage" 147442 75 1920 sseeeee dumeenteese bien 255,881 26,335 10.3 1930 .seeee ere Tee eebseus 368 , 300 52,149 14.2 1940 seeeeee oer Perey ol 422,770 87,312 20.7 1950 seeeees pyesewe eve ae 499,794 141,319 28.3 1900 vevercececcreccs vetoes 632,772 202,059 31.3 1962 seeeeee Swiverees seeews 682 ,682 221,650 32.5 city and County of Honolulu: ee coccccces 58,504 5,704 9.7 1910 weccececcccceseesceeee 81,993 7,990 9.2 1920 .ccccceccccccscocceres 123,496 14,667 11.9 1930 .+e0- hiceeeeney eee ss 202 ,887 32,943 16.0 1940 wee Eceivesseeerereas 257 ,696 50,370 19.5 1950 ceccccccececceccecsere 353,020 93,353 26.4 ME lntvedhesvewsevesvees 500 ,409 147,123 29.4 1962 wecccccccccccscccccces 549,081 164,324 29.9 Other counties. 19000. .-eecccccevcccccoes 95,497 5,514 5.8 IWO)ZT: even tecveetescvcctes 109,881 6,887 6.3 1920 .ccccccewsecsecescccce 132,385 11,668 8.8 WD ccctdvcseccescccoeves 165,413 19,638 11.9 1940 wecvccccee cocceccccces 165,074 36 , 942 22.4 1950 wecccccccceccccccccece 146,774 47 , 966 3.7 190° .occcccce Kecoesceve see 132,363 54,936 41.5 Mesh se ieee ss Tee Rate 133,601 57,326 42.9 Vas of June 1. 1900; April 15, 1910; January 1, 1920; April 1, 1930 to 1960; and July 1, 1962. 2 For general elections held in November. The 1900 total refers to 1901. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, various bulletins; Office of the Lieuterunt cwernor, records; Hawaii Department of Planning and Economic Development, preliminary 1%2 population estimates. SMH SRE BIE 8 EGER RY SOR LLIN EEE I SME SIS YEE SERED DS EEO ED PE BE 362 [ fol. 928] Table 3.--POPULATION, APRIL 1960, AND REGISTERED VOTERS, NOVEMBER 1960, FoR HAWATI, 3y LEGISLATIVE DISTRICT ——_— Registered Per cent of District Population voters registered ———__ The State ...cccccccedce 632,772 202 ,059 31.9 Rt SENATE DESOE. scccevertwctdeviesteuse 44,297 19,266 43.5 DRONE ce dicovarert*ervvsxeee 17,035 6,793 39.9 WEE cevctctsrinadns tivdeeds 42,855 17,539 40.9 FOUECR seccsccescstveesceesvus 182 ,307 73,981 40.6 BATE scvcccvidededsovecnnves 318,102 73,142 23.0 SERGE vo v.ddccvecvdcceccessees 28,176 11,338 40.2 HOUSE DE beecdutuse te rdeseurencdc 5,030 2,237 44.9 SOOM ccccccvccreccecccoseve 31,553 14,036 44.5 TREES .cccccccccccccvcesocece 7,714 2,973 38.5 FOGBER ccccccccscccececocevess 11,369 4,073 35.8 FEEER crccseccvcccvccsevesees 5,666 2,720 48.0 SABER cccccscccccccccvccvcece 7,138 2,574 36.1 SOVERER cc ccccccvcccesscecees 35,717 14,965 41.9 THOR ssc rsccovsccevecvesees 68,281 18,369 26.9 Binth wcccccccccccccccccccces 42,816 7,410 17,3 TOBER ccccvecvescevevcccceces 95,118 17,003 17.9 Bleveath .ccccccccccccccccccs 57,743 12,553 21.7 PBLVEER. cece ccccccvacsceuces 25,552 10,000 39.1 TRISCCOREK. . cccccccccccseces 28,592 7,807 27.3 Fourteenth 26. ccccccccccccces 42,476 16 ,056 37.8 FASCOOREE 660 cecvonccceseceve 60,125 25,869 43.0 Sixteenth 2.6 ccccccccsccvceses 42,750 16,176 37.8 BOCGNRORED woe cécdctcesevese 36,956 15,880 43.0 BIGREOORER 2 cc cvcccccceceocce 28,176 11,338 40.2 Source: U.S. Census of Population, 1960; Office of the Lieutenant Governor. 363 (fol. 929] table 4 _-TOTAL POPULATION, CITIZENS OF VOTING AGE, AND REGISTERED VOTERS, FOR HAWAII: A . 1900 TO 1960 U.S. citizens of voting acnnt age 6.0 SF 7.2 78.0 Not employed ........ 4.9 5.1 4.6 64.7 9.6 7.7 17.9 65.7 Occ, not reported ... 0.1 0.2 - eve - - - - (Continued on next page.) te 369 (fol. 935] 0%, tH .cHARACTERISTICS OF THE HOUSEHOLD POPULATION 18 AND OVER, BY VOTING REGISTRATION, FOR ah THE ISLANDS OF OAHU AND HAWAII: JANUARY 1961--Cont. Island of Oahu Isiand of Hawaii Per cent distribution Per cent distribution “a. Not Per cent Not Per cent il Regis- | regis- regis- Regis- | regis- regis- a tered | tered tered + Total ||tered | tered j|tered + gudject Total jy income : than $4,000 ... | 15.1]! 10.6 | 22.7 43.8 34.6 || 31.3 | 49.0 74.0 5 Bbw to $4,999... | 12.6]] 10.3 | 16.5 51.1 16.4 || 16.4 | 16.4 81.7 1 Mem to $6,999... | 26.6]| 26.9 | 26.1 63.3 24.0 || 24.9 | 20.4 84.5 to $9,999... | 23.5/] 26.0 | 19.3 69.3 13.5 |] 14.4 9.2 87.5 “10 to $14,999 . 16.1]} 18.6 | 11.8 72.4 8.7 9.9 3.0 93.7 0 or more .... | 6.1 7.5 | 3.6 77.7 2.8/| 3.0 | 2.0 | 87.1 —-FoOow fu Lot shown separately where base (unexpanded) is less than 50. ‘yonolulu (on Oahu) or Hilo (on Hawaii). 1 Bvefers to head of household. 3 Tswee of tables 8 and 9: Royert C. Schmitt, Characteristics of Voters and Non-Voters 3 ii (University of Hawaii, Romanzo Adams Social Research Laboratory, Report No. 31, et 1961). (fol. 936] Table 10.--REGISTERED VOTERS BY PARTICIPATION IN GENERAL ELECTIONS, FOR HAWAII: 1958 10 19 General election and Senatorial Number voting in district Registered voters general election Per cent voting 1958, all districts ...... 175,317 154,293 88.0 1959, all districts ...... 183,118 171,383 93.6 1960, all districts ...... 202 ,059 188,206 93.1 1962, all districts ...... 221,650 200 ,441 90.4 First District ........ 20,053 18,594 92.7 ‘Second District ....... 7,141 6,560 91.9 Third District ........ 18,325 16,658 90.9 Fourth District ....... 80 ,490 72,059 89.5 Fifth District ........ 83 , 834 75,669 90.3 Sixth District .....ee- 11,807 10,901 92.3 Source: Official Tabulation Results of Votes Cast - General Elections of November 4, 1958; July 28, 1959; November 8, 1960; November 6, 1962. Table 11.--REGISTERED VOTERS, BY SEX, FOR HAWAII, BY COUNTY: 1960 AND 1962 November 8, 1960 November 6, 1962 County Total Male Female Total Male The State ....sseeeee 202,059 |] 104,591 97,468 | 221,650 114,291 | 107,359 CEE Sica vecceeecckeee 26,059 23,478 12,581 27,194 14,048 | 13,146 ee er Pee 147,123 75,863 71,260 | 164,324 84,320 | 80,004 SME Lob eos caareaw ens 11,338 5,983 5,355 11,807 6,242 5,565 Maui and Kalawao ........ 17,539 9,267 8,272 18,325 9,681 Source: Office of the County Clerk, each county. 371 (fol. 937] | 19 le 12.--POPULATIOX, 1960, AND REGISTERED VOTERS, 1958 TO 1962, FOR HAWAII, BY COUNTY . Population, 1960 Reg. voters, general election In civilian Total |Civilian | areas 1958 1960 1962 County The State .....+se+e+++ | 632,772 | 585,505 561,100 | 175,317 | 202,059 | 221,650 lulu County ...++++++++ | 500,409 | 453,582 [429,076 | 121,647 | 147,123 | 164,324 wer COUNTIES ..-eeeeseeee | 132,363 | 131,923 | 132,024 53,670 54,936 57,326 Pr} a | 61,332 | 61,079 61,105 25,534 26,059 27,194 vwui (incl. Kalawao) ...| 42,855 | 42,810 42,839 16,755 17,539 18,325 CT) 28,176 | 28,034 28,080 11,381 11,338 11,807 ‘; source: 1960 U.S. Census; Office of the Lieutenant Governor. “ owe oo 372 [fol. 938] Table 13.--APPORTIONMENT OF HAWAII STATE LEGISLATURE, BY COUNTY, UNDER VARIOUS Bases Reapportioned on basis Reapportioned on basi, of registereg voter of population In 1958 1960 Current civil- elec- Jelec. Body and county basis Total | Civilian /ian areas} tion tion SENATE Honolulu County .......... 10 20 19 19 17 18 Other counties ........... 15 5 6 6 8 7 BRUGES scnevccsscsccesss 7 2 3 3 4 3 Maui (incl. Kalawao) ... 5 2 2 2 2 2 GE Nadcecnescanacsnse 3 1 a | 1 2 2 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Honolulu County .......... 36 40 40 38 36 37 Ocher Counties ..ccccccces 15 ll ll 13 15 14 Er eee 7 5 5 6 7 ? Maui (incl. Kalawao) ... 5 4 4 4 5 4 BRUNE . cewresovcessseece 3 2 2 3 3 3 | 1962 elec. tion - we Rwnvo 38 3 Source: Computed by'Method of Equal Proportion#’ from table 12. a —_ 373 (fol. 939] Table 14.--REAPPORTIONMENT OF HAWAII STATE LEGISLATURE, 3Y SIZE, BASED ON TOTAL 1960 POPULATION Other counties City and Size of County of Maui and body Honolulu Total Hawaii Ka lawao Kauai nae 16 4 2 1 1 aaa 17 4 2 1 1 Daas 17 5 2 2 1 Mae BR 18 5 2 2 1 ce Ee 19 5 2 2 1 wes 20 5 2 2 1 vuceesrs ee 20 6 3 2 1 PaLOF sae 21 . 3 2 1 eehtasea eae 22 6 3 2 1 endeces 23 6 3 2 1 ated 24 6 3 2 1 Kekuwets.es 25 6 3 2 1 veaee 25 7 3 2 2 devedeens 26 7 3 2 2 ateeee eons 27 7 3 2 2 vasdooos 28 7 3 2 2 peewee 28 8 4 2 2 pevees 29 8 4 2 2 eevee 29 9 4 3 2 saveecues 30 9 4 3 2 gece one 31 9 4 3 2 ieeeeuwee 32 9 4 3 2 éoeves 33 9 4 3 2 exnkeuse 34 ] 4 3 2 TTT TT 35 9 4 3 2 sebeeonee 36 9 4 3 2 +eebenes 36 10 5 3 2 eveveeer 37 10 5 2 2 dae eee 38 10 5 3 2 Perverts 39 10 5 3 2 Continued on next page. 374 [fol. 940] Table 14.--REAPPORTIONMENT OF HAWAII STATE LEGISLATURE, BY SIZE, BASED oy TOTAL 1960 POPULATION--Cont. Other counties ire | City and Size of County of Maui and body Honolulu Total Hawaii Kalawao Kauai sd . error 40 10 5 3 2 BP cnccdvscss 40 li 5 4 2 SO be cacdecus 41 ll 5 4 2 SP srcvcvoees 42 ll 5 4 2 GO vivewdvces 43 1l 5 4 2 BF sccesceper 44 li 5 4 2 Oe POT 44 12 5 4 3 ST svccoesece 45 12 5 4 3 Oe ewreeceese 45 13 6 4 3 SD vicswavwesse 46 13 6 4 3 GO cecccccese 47 13 6 4 3 OD eccdtacviucs 48 13 6 4 3 WE cgavedeoes 49 13 6 4 3 GD ce creseecs 50 13 6 4 3 Be ccneuues 51 13 , 4 3 GS cvcscccces 52 13 6 4 3 BG -deccccses 52 14 6 5 3 OF wcndcavess 53 14 6 5 3 OG: cicccdcces 53 15 7 5 3 OF cscscdivss 54 15 7 5 3 TO scddeceress 55 15 7 5 3 TE svoudveeee 56 15 7 5 3 Td sevdeseess 57 15 7 5 3 TE can ditande 58 15 7 5 3 ae sivdewanes 59 15 7 5 3 TS vccscccece 60 15 7 5 3 TG Sececdsdve 61 15 7 5 3 tS re weds 61 16 8 5 3 : i, Sere reer e 62 16 8 5 3 ere eee 62 17 8 § 4 BO veascceces 63 17 8 5 4 Source: Computed by "Method of Equal Proportions" from data in table 12. . 941] 375 In tHE Unitep States Districr Court 0 For tHE District or Hawa Puarmntirrs’ Exuisit (5 DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND ECONOM,.c DEVELOPMENT STATE OF HAWAII HONOLULU. HAW!" 96613 November 6, 1964 | CORRECTIONS Statistical Report 20, "Military Personnel and Dependents in Hawaii, July 1964" (July 27, 1964). The total number of military families in Hawaii as of July 1, 1964 was 21,631, not 19,631. The incorrect figure appears in the eighth line of page 1 and in table 1 (page 4), table 2 (page 5), and table 4 (page 7). The number of military families on Oahu as of July 1, 1964 was 21,476, not 19,476, as reported in table 2, page 5. The number of Navy families in the State as of July 1, 1964 was 6,803, not 4,803, as reported in table 2, page 5, and table 4, page 7. The number of Navy families on Oahu was 6,746, not 4,746, as reported in table 3, page 6. Tel 376 DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STATE OF HAWAII HONOLULU. HAWAII 96613 [fol. 942] | Statistical Report 20 July 27 1964 MILITARY PERSONNEL AND DEPENDENTS IN HAWAII, JULY 1964 The number of military personnel and dependents in Hawaii increased Sharply between July 1, 1963 and July 1, 1964, according to information compiled by the Hawaii Department of Planning and Economic Development from the armed forces. The mid-1964 total was 128,930, compared with 125,602 six months earlier and 118,588 4 year ago. The new total includes 59,840 officers and enlisted men (47,959 Stationed ashore and 11,881 aboard ships homeported in Hawaii) and 69,090 dependents domiciled in Hawaii. The number of military families was 19,631. All branches of the armed forces were represented. Air force personne] and dependents numbered 25,113; Army, 35,769; Coast Guard, 3,108; Marine Corps, 21,135; and Navy, 43,805. Most of the armed forces and dependents were on Oahu, which accounted for 128,095 of the total. Figures for other islands were: Hawaii, 341; Maui, 98; Kauai, 308; Molokai, 40; and outlying islands, 48. The latter group included 2] Coast Guard personnel on tiny (64-acre) French Frigate Shoal, 556 statute miles northwest of Honolulu, and 27 on Kure Island (one-third of a Square mile), 1,367 Statute miles northwest of Honolulu. Both French Frigate Shoal and Kure Island are legally part of the City and County of Honolulu. Johnston Island, with 145 Air Force and Coast Guard personnel, and the Midway Islands, with 2,402 Navy personnel and dependents, were excluded from this tabulation because they are not under State jurisdiction. Recent figures on officers and enlisted men in Hawaii are well below wartime totals. The all-time high occurred in 1944, when 407,000 servicemen, including those aboard ships in Island ports, were reported in the Territory. The armed forces account for a sizeable fraction of the State's population and labor force. At the beginning of 1964, 17.6 per cent of the resident population of the State (21.5 per cent for Oahu) were military personnel or dependents. About 26.5 per cent of all employed persons in the State (31.3 per cent on Oahu) were either military personnel or civilian employees of the armed forces. Statistics on military families appear in these reports for the first time. A "military family" is defined as a family headed by a member of the armed forces. A family, in turn, is defined as two or more persons related by blood, marriage, or adoption and living together. A “military household," im contrast, consists of a ——— (fol. 943] 377 of a regular i.cusing unit) headed by a member of the armed ing alone in a house or apartment would be classified as a ousehold (the occupants a “miiicary tamily." A serviceman liv orces.- a id" out avt as ailitary hour -n0 itary tamilies should be wsed with caution. The figures tor earlier a few months ago by local commanding officers and their ome of which was incomplete or only approximate. subject to estimating error. The 1950 total rowa here (IL, ) differs significantly from the corresponding ensus count of military households (7,709) .1/ The 1960 total given here (19,631 “litary families), however, is much closer to the Census figure for the same date 19,642 families) A/ The erratic trend shown for the last twelve months is somewhat erplexing .3 Dat’ -m val s ace estimates made fs from available information, § 1950 in particular are 640 military families ear tat pe data for reconstruct 1950 data on military personnel and jependents . The rough estimates provided by local conmanding officers indicated 19,404 members of the armed forces and 38,325 dependents for Hawaii in that year. The 1950 Census reported 22,856 officers and enlisted men for that date.4/ More recent discrepancies between official series have resulted chiefly from differences in definition and coverage a An effort was also made to Census statistics on the population living on military bases in 1960 likewise for the first time. These counts were provided by the Bureau of the Governor John A. Burns, for use in reapportionment of the sppear here for earlier years were published by the Honolulu Redevelop- . sensus at the request of State Legislature. Data sent Agency .& in the accompanying tables. A more extensive Detailed information appears review of historical trends, including — of definitions and sources, may be found in earlier reports of this series. u/ Unpublished U.S Census data cited in the Honolulu Redevelopment Agency, Redevelopment _and Housing Research, No. 12, April 1958, p. 27. 2/y.s. Census of Population: 1960, Final Report PC(1)-13D, table 146. Military households in 1960 numbered 19,700 (see the Hawaii Department of Planning and Research, Military Statistics for Hawaii, 1961-1962, Research Report 16, February 8, 1962, p. 7). 3/ For conflicting data from other sources, see the Honolulu Redevelopment Agency, - Research, No. 23, July 1963, p. 14 (23,900 military house- Redevelopment _and Housing Honolulu Advertiser, April 2, 1964 (26,850 holds on Oahu in October 1962) and the "families here now"). 4 quoted in present report, table 8. See also the Department of Defense report quoted 3/see present report, table 9. 1964 (63,831 military dependents exclusive of in the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, June 11, Coast Guard). §/totais are cited in the present report, table 7. LU the most recent was Military Personnel and Dependents in Hawaii January 1964 (Sta- tistical Report 14, February 15, 1964), which, on page 2, listed previous reports in this series as well as pertinent studies by the Honolulu Redevelopment Agency. REMAN Te testy Setar EE ee R ANE BERN RTS 378 (fol. 944] ihe data an this study were compiled largely by the Statistics Branch of the Department of Planning and Economic Development from unclassified formation Supplied by the Air Force, Army, Coast Guard, Marine Corps, and Navy. a) The cooperation of the armed forces in making these data available is gratefully acknowledged. 8/0 Separate statistics were compiled for the National Guard. For a discussion of the statistical treatment of National Guard members, see the letter from Major General FP. W. McKinney quoted in the Hawaii Department of Planning and Research Military Personnel and Dependents in Hawaii, July 1961 (Research Report 9, August 15, 1961). page 1, footnote 1. 379 (fol. 945] tele 1.--MILITARY PERSONNEL, DEPENDENTS, AND FAMILIES, FOR HAWAII: 1950 TO 1964 ins estimated locally. For estimates from other sources, see tables 8 and 9 and text.) ee Personnel Military personnel Dependents and Aboar is.., Military Date dependents Total Ashore ship | Hawaii i families ee 1964, July 1 .+--+es 128,930 59,840 47,959} 11,881 | 69,090 19,631 January 1 .... 125,602 59,626 48,242] 11,384 | 65,976 23,025 1963; July 1 ..-see 118,588 57,093 45,354] 11,739 | 61,495 21,651 January 1 .... 122,968 59,429 47,413 | 12,016 | 63,539 21,967 1962; July 1 ..eeeee 122,933 59,702 48,020] 11,682 | 63,231 21,973 January 1 .... 121,464 59,487 47,402} 12,085 | 61,977 21,281 161; July 1 ...-ee 118,381 56,348 44,155] 12,193 | 62,033 21,007 January 1 .... 115,324 54,653 43,723 | 10,930 | 60,671 19,567 10° Apral 2 ..+s-s 112,938 52,881 41,927} 10,954 | 60,057 19,631 1959. Spramg .-se++s 112,525 56,303 (NA) (NA) | 56,222 (NA) 8: June 30... -- (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) | 55,641 (NA) \97; September 30 . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) | 52,962 (NA) 90 April Loo svees 67,729 29,404 (NA) (NA) | 38,325 11,640 NA Not available. / {bata for 1957 and 1958 exclude a small number of dependents on islands other tn Cahu. The Oahu count for June 30, 1959 was 55,618. Scurce follows table 4, 380 (fel. 946] Table 2.--MILITARY PERSONNEL, DEPENDENTS, AND FAMILIES, BY SERVICE AND ISLAND, FOR ayy, JULY 1, 1964 Personnel | Military personnel _ | Dependents and Aboard in Militar Island and service dependents Total Ashore ship | Hawaii 1/ Sesthies peecillasilad The State ........} 128,930 59,840 47,959 | 11,881 69,090 19,631 By island: i/ GHEE iaiccidecsciserdc | 120,099 59,431 47,577 | 11,854 68 464 19,476 Hawaii ....sseeeeees 341 171 157 14 170 “hi Maul .occececceceres 98 41 28 13 57 20 Kauai .ccccccesseees 308 131 131 - 177 3 Molokai ..sseeeeeees 40 18 18 - 22 8 French Frigate Shoal 21 21 21 - - ‘ Kure sesceeceerceers 27 27 27 - : ; By service: Air Force ....+++ cool 259,389 7,808 7,808 - 17,305 4,944 ATMY coccccccsrevese| 35,769 19,000 19,000 - 16,769 5,800 Coast Guard ....++++- 3,108 1,355 568 987 1,553 523 Marine Corps .......}| 21,135 10 ,450 10 ,446 4 10 ,685 3,561 Navy ccccccccceeeeee| 43,805 21,027 10,137 | 10,890 22,778 4,803 see table 3 for Johnston Island and the Midway Islands, not part of the State of Hawaii. Source follows table 4. 381 (fol. 947] le 3.--MILITARY PERSONNEL, DEPENDENTS, AND FAMILIES, BY SERVICE, FOR HAWAIL, BY ISLAND: Le von JULY 1, 1964 Ss Personnel Military personnel Dependents and Aboard in Military service and island dependents Total Ashore ship Hawaii families AIR FoRcE / nu eudiheiee cess 25,026 7,775 7,775 - 17,251 4,926 ait DOTA OS 31 ll ll e 20 6 DS Ue ewrarneboeeee 56 22 22 - 34 12 ARMY ie pve rdedecoeeeens 35,589 18,915 18,915 - 16,674 5,773 ec iuaw pWaneeas 148 1% 1% 7 1% * eS Leeverwedhe ° 19 5 5 e 14 4 BL nccccces eeee 5 4 4 - l 1 okal eee . . 8 2 2 - 6 2 coast Guarp 2/ BD scvvecteourcedne 2,820 1,410 450 960 1,410 470 BAL cccccccrecocs 106 49 35 14 57 28 SS adehitieW ee eueeed 23 14 1 13 9 4 ai PTeTERE EERE 79 18 18 e 61 15 OKML veveevvveeens 32 16 16 - 16 6 nch Frigate Shoal 21 21 21 - - ° Pcceeeereereeeees 27 27 27 = = e MARINE CORPS e Ripe ebevesovewnee 21,129 10 ,444 10 ,440 4 10,685 3,561 Ma vevscccvceee ee 6 6 6 - ° e navy 2/ err eer ror. 00 43,531 20 , 887 9,997 10,890 22,644 4,746 8 cuces teevioene 50 31 31 - 19 20 Ociseesg coud oine 224 109 109 - 115 37 1/ = Excludes 119 personnel on Johuston Island, not part of the State of Hawaii. 2 excludes 26 personnel on Johnston Island, not part of the State of Hawaii. ™ Excludes 1,608 personnel and 794 dependents on the Midway Islands, not part of the e of Hawaii. Source follows table 4. i . —_— = preety as SES rceee corncuee PEN AE UI ONO MSMR ES BIR SB Sah AOE EI BNNE Parra 382 [fol. 948] table 4.--ARMED FORCES, DEPENDENTS, AND MILITARY FAMILIES, BY SERVICE, FOR HAWAII: 1950 TO 1964 — All Air Coast Marine Category and date branches Force Army Guard Corps Navy Armed forces: 1/ ‘ * Apr. 1, 1950 2/.... | 29,404 3,954 6 ,500 1,150 2,800 | 15,099 ie. 2 2 2800s. 52,881 6,089 15,500 1,393 29,934 Jan. 2, 1961 ... Ly MILTLARY INSTALLATIONS IN HAWAIL, BY coupry. APRIL 1, 1960 ee -_-—— = T ™ County | Population Housing units ee ee nnd The StSCe .-ecces | 71,672 13,238 - a Bg ! Ee RET Sea bind 4 ed 227 25 ‘ OS ere corre ; ‘ 71,333 13,212 i Kalawic SA: 4 2 a Rai -.cccrccvere o4 F.6 cooe| 96 l i ME dceeneseneacuvnes« H 14 ba Source: Computed from present report, table 5. Table 7.--POPULATION IN MILITARY INSTALLATIONS IN HAWAII: 1920 TO 1960 Year Cahu Year The State Oahu | | ne anvegus 5,942 ERED ewe cavenscesie 40.991 40,928 BOO. . stewessavewss 19,000 SUED wscuveccevdees 71,672 71,333 WE ov avceceas ox 29,831- Source: Honolulu Redevelopment Agency, “Available Statistics on the Military Popula’ion of Hawaii,” Redevelcpment and Housing Research, No. 5, July 1956, pp. 36-39; present report, table 6. 387 (fol. 953] g,--SCLDLERS, SAILORS AND MARINES, 1900 TO 1940, AND ARMED FORCES, 1940 TO 1960, WOR THE STATE OF HAWAII ae: Soldiers, sailors and Armed - Dare marines — Date forces —_———» Pp. 22- . Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-25, No. @0 (October 7, 1953), Mo. 229 (May 22, 1961), and No. 289 (August 31, 1964). U.S. Office of Business Economics, Income of Hawaii (1953), table 4, p. 20. Letters from Rebert E. Graham, Jr., U.S. Office of Business Economics, July 11, 1961, July 30, 1962, June 24, 1963, and May 14, 1964. _—..aeeamaammamnaEy (fol. 955] + .-POPULATLON AND EMPLOYMEN™. EY MILITARY STATUS, FOR HAWAII, BY COUNTY: 389 Table ae JANI ARY 1, 1964 Nuat er Per cent The Honciulu | Other The Honolulu Other Subject State County j|counties} State County counties POPULAT LON MOE iv ccce 714,092 580,800 | 133,292} 100.0 100.0 100.0 tary personnel 2/.... 59,626 59,343 283 8.3 10.2 0.2 tary dependents ...-.. 65,976 65,644 332 9.2 11.3 0.2 civilians... .65. +s 588,490 | 455,813 | 132,677) 82.4 78.5 99.5 EMPLOYMENT EEE Micccseccevesens 296,123 249 ,604 46,519} 100.0 100.0 100.0 tary personne? 4/..... 59.626 59.343 283| 20.1 23.8 0.6 ‘lian emplovees of sed forces 2/......... P 18,798 18,758 40 6.3 7.5 0.1 1 employed civilians 2 217,699 | 171,503 | 46,196} 73.5 68.7 99.3 Vine tudes perscrnel aboard ships homepcrted Hawaii. Las of January 12, 1964. Source: Hawaii Departmens of Pianning and Economic Development, Military Personnel ‘fevercerts ir Hawaii, January 1964 (Statistical Report 14, February 15, 1964), p. 3, Tre Popzlation of Rawat, January 1964 (Statistical Report 15, March 31, 1964), p. 6 .: Department cf Latcr and industria: Relations, records. 390 (fol. 956] Table 11.--DEPARIMENT OF DEFENSE ACTIVE DUTY MILITARY PERSONNEL IN tiawAil- 1849 Ty 196 Shore Naval Shore cea Year 1/ based afloat 2/ Year 1/ based afloat 2/ Ss THD .cvccccccces 27,665 eve 1957 woceecccecee| 38,523 9,850 1943 .ccccccccces | 194,300 eee 1958 ..ceecceeeee| 35,849 6,594 1944 ...ceeeeeeee | 442,160 eee i Ee -| 37,536 7,034 1945S .cccccccccee | 322,372 eee 1960 wccccccccseo] 35,970 7,155 LGA. ccccccevvcse 58,837 eee 1961 ...ccccseeee} 37,681 6,384 1947 .ccccccccces 34,900 coe SING vevcviccccee 29,662 eos 1962: June 30 ..| 41,615 5,737 1949 ..ccccccccce 22,553 eee Sept. 30 .| 41,657 6,505 | nT Ee 19,408 eee Dec. 31 ..| 41,586 5,980 1951 ..-cecccccee 27,603 7,588 1963: Mar. 31 ..] 40,031 6,471 4952 wccccercccee 26 ,486 7,039 June 30 ..] 41,018 5,966 EDSS. vc cccccsoncs 24,785 8,595 Sept. 30 .| 40,610 5,764 1954 .ccccccccces 21,669 7,131 Dec. 31 ..}| 42,646 5,977 1955 cccccccscves 39,611 6,623 1964: Mar. 31 ..| 44,649 6,007 1956 ..cccccesece 39,688 7,278 Footnotes and source follow table 12. Table 12.--DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MILITARY DEPENDENTS LOCATED IN HAWAII: 1954 10 1964 Year 3/ Dependents Year 3/ Dependents 1954: December 31 ...... 36,199 See ee Pee eee 62,608 1956: January 31 ....... 49,955 BEES et eres nedeweotdeve 63,172 1957: January 31 ....... 53,654 SOF 0b awe ecnoteee sees 63,889 BOGE, Jccgssdidiaevcsuciess 56,976 BE WSs beeeureceeevines 66,425 Se She evavcdesdisevoces 50 , 882 BOE Swcncvevencv es 5.ons, blecks, or enumeration districts. Three petenti:al problem: sheul¢ be kept in mird when using data on armed forces from the 1960 Census: 1. They are not avetlabie ‘excepct at considerable cos: for special tabulations) for mary cf the smaller areas for which total population car be cbhtaimed, such as enumeri~ tior. districts and city biocks. 2. They were developed from a 25 per ceri semple (the totel population, 1m contrast was taken from a full enumera- tien) ana berce are subjec’. +o sampling variation. 3. The 1960 Census r.ctal or armed forces (47.267) aiffers warkecly from the correspondcisg total reporzed by ne Deparcment cf Lefense ro the Furese cf she Census (54,090. or bv iocal commanding officers to tne State vepartmen> of Plarning and Fecnomic Development 452,861). lt a3 not knowmwherher the differerce resuitee from errcr in the records of the armed forces. an undercount cf military perscnvei in the Census. or misreporting of servicemer a5 civilians in cne Cersus. The bureau ef the Cersus imolicitiv takes the iatter pesitice in its postcensal reports. adopting che published cens.s frgure for the total 1960 pepuletion are a civilian figure derived from tae bepartmen:. of Defense military counts As noted earlier, the civilian pop-tation excludes memters of the Air Force, Army, Coast Guard, Marire Corps, ang Navy, dur includes military cependenrs (except for WAC and WAVE personnei married to servicemen) and ail civilian employees of the armed forces. Semi-annual estimates of civilian de facto population, including visitors present but excluding absen: residecce, sre published by the State Department cf Health. 394 {fol. 960] Population of civilian areas The population of civilian areas consists of ail persons living on land not military control. Each military base was classified as a "special enumeration a for the 1960 U.S. Census. Unpublished population counts for these special enum districts can be obtained from the Bureau of the Census. Subtracting the sepuletien totals for these areas from the overall State figure leaves the population of Civilien areas. Census data indicate that persons living on military bases in Hawaii on-Apri) | 1960 numbered 71,672, with 71,333 on Oahu and 339 on other islands. These totaly | included armed forces in barracks, military families (both servicemen and dependents) in Wherry or Capehart Act housing areas, civilian employees of the armed forces domiciled in such areas, persons living in Coast Guard stations, and the officers ang crews of Navy and Coast Guard ships in Hawaii ports on the Census date. Some of the more populous military bases were Schofield Barracks (14,873, including 6,264 civilians Kaneohe Marine Corps Air Station (6,397, including 2,631 civilians), and Barbers Point Naval Air Station (5,998, including 2,722 civilians). Some military areas are more civilian than military in character. The Navy ovned 1,697 housing units on Oahu as of April 1, 1960 which were operated by the Hawaii Housing Authority and occupied in part by veterans, civilian employees of the armed forces, and other persons not classified as active military personnei. American citizens The number of American citizens living in Hawaii can be estimated by subtracting the 1960 figure on aliens compiled by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service from the 1960 Census count on tctal population. Annual tabulations are made on alien population, by nationality and residence status (permanent or non-permanent resident), for each State in the nation, as part of the alien address reports program of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, Except for special tabulations made at widespread incervals, there is no effort to show geographic detail below the State level. Neither age nor sex of the aliens is reported. Data presumably refer to the beginning of tne year (the Census, in contrast, refers to April 1). The 1960 total for Hawaii was 51,316. The 1960 U.S. Census reported place of birth but not citizenship. The foreign born population of Hawaii numbered 68,900 in 1960. Popula e e to ste The population eligible to register to vote includes all residents except the following: persons less than 20 years of age; aliens; residence of the State for less than one year as of the day of election; persons unable to speak, read and write either Hawaiian or English; persons who are non compos mentis; persons convicted of felony unless pardoned, No one is deemed to have gained or lost residence simly because of his presence or absence while employed in che service of the United States, or while engaged in navigation or while a student in school. These provisions are part of the Hawaii State Constitution (Art. II, Sec. 1-3). 395 {fol. 961] rhe oligibalaty of members of the armed forces and their deperdents appears to be pnetter of some controversy. Most servicemen are natives of ctner States, stationed for varying periods in Hawaii and likely to move elsewhere at the er¢ ef their teur of duty. Many are registered voters in other States. However, a sizeable percentage are Hawai residents. A sample survey made by the Honolulu Star-Bulletin in Cctober 1962 and published by the Honolulu Redevelopment Agency (in Redevetopmen> and Housing . Research, July 1963, pp- 14-19) indicated that 23,909 hovseholds headed by a member of the armed forces lived on Oahu. An estimated 8.3 per cent of these household heads vere Hawaii-born, 71.5 per cent had lived in Hawaia at least one year (and 11.4 per cent over five years), and 6.7 per cent occupied their own homes. A rough approximation of the population eligible to vote, by county, appeared in a report issued several years ago by the now-defunct Romanzo Adams Social Research Laboratory of the University of Hawaii (Robert C. Schmitt, Characteristics cf Vorers Vi , Report 31, November 1961). Its chief findings are summarized in table 1 of this presentation. A more recent estimate, prepared by the Department of Planning and Economic Deve’ opment is given in table 2. Many components of the eligible or ineligible population must be estimated from inadequate data. For example, it is possible to obtain civilien non-instatutionel population 20 and over from the 1960 Census, but data on military dependents registered in other areas, aliens 20 and over, absentee voters, and persons with less than one year residence are not readily available. Such a set of estimates is necessarily inexact, even at the State level; for counties or smaller areas, or for postcensal dates, even greater imprecision is inevitable. Registered voters Totals on registered voters are compiled for every election, by senatoriai or representative district and precinct. A breakdown by sex is available but not usuaily published. The boundaries used for election districts and precincts, unfortunately, do not follow census enumeration boundaries. mn Reapportionment on each basis Tne choice of definition for “population” may greatly affect che rumber cf legislators assigned to each county. For at least four of the definitions cited in the preceding pages ~~ total population, civilian populeticn, the population in civilian areas, and registered voters ~~ sufficient statistics are availabie to permit making an apportionment by county. Lack of date precluded such a computation based on citizenship or eligibility to vote. Apportionment was computed by the "Method of Equal Proportions," a&@ recomnended by the Advisory Committee to the Director of the Census (in i921) ard the National Academy of Sciences (in 1929) and described in Senate Document No. 304, 76tn Congress, 34 Session (1940). The same method is specified in the Hawaii State Constitution (art. IIL, Sec. 4). Basic data were taken from the 1960 United States Census and reports of the Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii. Total population was 632,772 in 1960; cavilian popu lation, 565,505; the population of civilian areas, 561,190, There were 175,227 voters registered for the 1958 general election, 202,059 in 1960, and 221,650 im 1962. Daca are given in full in table 3. Gb/ 396 [fol. 962] The percentage of legislators allotted to each county differed significantly depending on the basis for apportionment. Oahu, for exemple, now has 10 of the 25 State Senators. Based on 1958 registered voters, the number would have been 17; on 1962 voter registration, 19; on either civilian population or the populaticn living in civilian areas, likewise 19; and on total population 20. The neighbor islands with 15 of the 51 Representatives based on 1958 voter registration, wouid have dropped to 13 if either 1962 registration or the population in civilian areas had been used and to 11 under either civilian or total population. Complete information appears in table 4. The distribution by county varies somewhat by size of legislative body. Havaii County, for example, would have 12.5 per cent of all members of « 16-member House or Senate, 8.0 cent of the members of a 25-member body, 11.5 per cent ic @ 26-zenber group, and er cent in a total membership of 35. This fluctuation is a result of the dist: «ion of “fractional” apportionment under the "Method of Equal Proportions" and is unavoidable. Examples appear in table 5, which shows how many Senators or Representatives each county would receive, on the basis of total population, for each size of legislative body. In order to retain their present number of seats (15 in each house of the Legislature), the neighbor islands would have to ask for « 68-nesber Senate and 68-member House of Representatives. Such an arrangement would assign 53 seats in each body to Oshu -- an increase of 17 Representatives and 43 Senators for that -Ishand. - [fol. 963] pple 1+ ¥OTLNG LLICIBILITY AND PARTICLPATION OF THE POPLATION 20 YEARS OLD OR MOKE: 1960 ” The By se% By county Subject State Male Female Honolulu Other ee 20 years and Over «++-+rrs 360,193 196,431 163,762 264,901 75,292 fligible to register «--++++rs . 231,914 111,229 120 ,685 177 ,642 54,272 wegiscered 2/ .--eereeererees 202 ,059 104,591 97 ,468 147,123 54,936 as" Wot registered .++e-eereeerre 29,855 6,638 23,217 30,519 qQ/) jot eligible to register .---++~ 128,279 85,202 43,077 107,259 21,020 Hot U.S. CLELZENS veeee sarees 51,316 34,997 16,319 31,830 19,486 : esidents under 1 year } Pe 8,529 4,327 4,202 7,400 1,129 ; In institutions....errerreree 2,19 1,429 761 2,190 - Milacary personnel «---+--+++ 45 ,082 44,449 633 44,816 266 Military dependents .------+- 21,162 - 21,162 21,023 139 —__ Vrotals for registered voters may include persons who voted in the previous election and subsequently died or moved away. As a result, the number of registered voters exceeded the number eligible by 664 in the counties other than Honolulu. 7 YVeqyilian non-institutional only. syurce: Robert C. Schmitt, Characteristics of Voters and Non-Voters in Hawaii (University of Hawaii, Romanzo Adams Social Research Laboratory, November 1961). 398 (fol. 964] Table 2.--ESIIMATED NUMBER OF PERSONS ELIGIBLE TO REGISTER TO VOTE IN HAWAII ELECTIONS ’ JANUARY 1, 1964 (For tne Strate of Hawaii, Available information does not permit a county breakdown for | Group Number Resident population, including military personne] ....--seeeeereeersstd | 114,100 Eligible to register CO VOLE .ssseererrerrsrreseeereeserssess teeeeeeees | 280,500 Former residents, away at SCHOOL ..-ssseeereererererrsssrrsresesees 2,200 Former residents, in armed forces ....-seeeresssesrrssrererscessses | 10,600 Ineligible residents under 20 years Old ..-.ssersecerereresressrrereess 307,800 Ineligible residents 20 years old and OVET .+++--+eserererrrererereeeee 138 ,600 Aliens .....ccccceceees euenvndeseee edevccccccccceceecooevcocccccccs | 7,600 Inmates of penal or mental institutions ....-+ereerererecsersereees 4,500 Military pereonnel 1/......+seee+eers PPPTTTTTTITT Teer 50 , 800 Military cependents 1/......--+++-eseerees cc ccvecereecscecsereees +. | 23,600 Residents less than one year (civ. only) «--+eeeeereeeeeeeeeeresere | 12,100 Mair military personnel and dependents are assumed to be registered in other states or otherwise ineligible. In October 1962, military personnel and dependents who were 20 years of age or more, had one year or more of residence in Hawaii, and were living off base numbered 11,400 (including 5,900 servicemen and 5,500 dependents). wa Source: Hawaii Department of Planning and Economic Development, Statistics Branch, estimates. (fol. 965] table 3.--PCFULATICN AND VCTEK REGISTRATION DATA REQUIRED FCR REAP?CRTLONMENT OF THE HAWAII STATE LECISLATURE anual Population, 1960 Registered voters In civilian 1958 1962 County Total Civilian areas election election ——— The State veveeeee 632,772 585,505 $61,100 175.227 221,650 {4 County «rereeres 61,332 61,079 62,105 25,444 27,194 - 500 ,409 453,582 429,076 122,647 164,324 28,176 28,034 28,080 11,38! 11,807 42,855 42,810 42,839 1€,755 18,325 ‘iiudes Kalawao County. 1960 U.S. Census, Office of the Lieutenant Governor. saree Ps | we 437 x Table 4.--REAPPORTIONMENT OF HAWAII STATZ LEGISLATURE, WITH MEMBER- SHIP OF 25 AND 51 UNDER VARIOUS BASES Reapportiored on byete of Reapportioned on bests of popuiation voter registration a/ Membersnip and Currenr in civiiian 1958 1362 county basis i/ Total | Civilian areas election election 25 MEMBERS feolulu County ....- 4 10 20 19 19 17 19 ier counties ...... 4 15 5 6 6 8 6 PIE icscccccees 4 7 2 3 3 “ 3 BOE 5 ics cecend 5 2 2 2 2 2 BE ccrkvosvocvese 3 1 1 1 2 3 51 MEMBERS weolulu County ...... 36 40 40 38 xu 38 wher counties ....... 15 11 ll 13 is 13 eee 7 5 5 6 7 6 SS | Sy NEA 5 4 4 4 5 4 WG sistrescccee ° 3 2 2 3 3 3 tk 25 for Senate and 51 for House of Representatives. “heher Serate, House of Represencatives, or a unicameral legisiature. Hucludes Kalavao County. fate follows teble 5. 400 (fol. 966] J ble $3. -kFArGy LioshedT OF HAWATT STATE LEGISLATTAS BY Size TOTAL 1960 POPULATION BALD ON | City and Other ceuniies Size of Ccurty of Maui an body Honolulu Total Hawaii Kalawaoc BD siavdecnyy eee 16 4 2 1 Ph fkcykeageedss 17 4 2 } Be cba teehee eee 17 5 2 2 > Pe eer es 18 5 2 3 BH veccseves ode 19 5 2 2 BS coccccccccces 20 5 2 2 SO vavedeusevere 20 6 3 2 OT sseacseswee e 21 6 3 2 SP scecsencesdes 22 6 3 2 SD svecebesccceve 23 6 3 2 FO svcvesvess ° 24 6 3 2 DL hpvecdecvecss 25 6 3 2 BS esccesrsesecs 25 7 3 2 OS vccavancesus’s 26 7 3 2 BO ccvees vieepen 27 7 3 2 SD svcvivecseces 28 7 3 z WD hesvadesevece 28 8 4 2 SF