# Appendix — New Hampshire v. Maine > Briefs, arguments, decisions, and more. URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/brief%3Amicro_IA40386018_0961%3A10 ## Record - **Collection:** Supreme Court brief - **Document type:** Appendix - **Published:** January 1, 2001 - **Citation:** 532 U.S. 742 ## Text No. 130, Original JAN 200% CORRE GF re Ce In The Die Supreme Court of the United States STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, Plaintiff. Vv. STATE OF MAINE, Defendant APPENDIX TO PLAINTIFF’S BRIEF IN RESPONSE TO BRIEF FOR THE UNITED STATES AS AMICUS CURIAE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE PHILIP T. MCLAUGHLIN Attorney General LESLIE J. LUDTKE* Associate Attorney General New Hampshire Department of Justice Office of the Attorney General 33 Capitol Street Concord, New Hampshire 03301-6397 (603) 271-3658 JOHN R. HARRINGTON, ESQUIRE Special Counsel Sulloway & Hollis, P.L.L.C. 9 Capitol Street P.O. Box 1256 Concord, New Hampshire 03302-1256 (603) 224-2341 Counsel for Plaintiffs *Counsel of Record 10 TABLE OF CONTENTS DESCRIPTION [Map of York County] Survey of the Ponds & Branches of the Salmon Falls River ... James Gowen and James Warren, Jr., surveyors. Ms. in Maine Historical Society. Facsimile verso of [Map of York County] Survey of the Ponds & Branches of the Salmon Falls River ... James Gowen and James Warren, Jr., surveyors. Ms. in Maine Historical Society. Table 1 — Federal Documents Concerning Portsmouth Harbor, New Hampshire. [West side of chart of] Portsmouth Harbor, New Hampshire from a Trigonometrical Survey under the direction of the Superintendent of the Survey of the Coast of the United States. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Coast Survey, 1866. [East side of chart of] Portsmouth Harbor, New Hampshire from a Trigonometrical Survey under the direction of the Superintendent of the Survey of the Coast of the United States. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Coast Survey, 1866. USGS Topographical Map - Dover East, NH - ME, NE/4 Dover 15” Quadrangle. N4300-W7045/15. Washington, D.C.: Army War College for the U.S. Department of the Interior, 1941. Letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting, with a letter from the Chief of Engineers, Report on Preliminary Examination of Portsmouth Harbor, N.H., H.R. Doc. No. 1010 at 1 (1916). Letter from the Earl of Hillsborough to New Hampshire Governor John Wentworth (Jul. 11, 1772). [UK Public Records Office CO 5/937/f.249]. An Act Increasing the Number of Members of the Boundary Commission, including a Commercial Fisherman, and Providing for a Study of Both the Maine and the Massachusetts Boundaries with New Hampshire, ch. 564, 1973 N.H. Laws 1104. An Act to Define the Offshore Jurisdiction of the State, ch. 580, 1973 N.H. Laws 1124. PAGE(S) 3a-19a 23a-37a 38a-4la 42a-43a 44a-46a 1] 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 DESCRIPTION Letter from Maine Governor Kenneth M. Curtis to New Hampshire Governor Meldrim Thomson, Jr. (Feb. 6, 1973). Letter from N.H. Gov. Meldrim Thomson to N.H. Fish and Game Commission Chairman Richard Upton (Mar. 22, 1973). Letter from N.H. Gov. Meldrim Thomson to N.H. Attorney General Warren Rudman (May 31, 1973). Letter from Maine Gov. Kenneth Curtis tu N.H. Deputy Attorney General David H. Souter (Jun. 8, 1973). Letter from Maine Assistant Attorney General Charles R. Larouche to N.H. Deputy Attorney General David H. Souter (Jul. 9, 1975). Letters from Maine Assistant Attorney General Charles R. Larouche to N.H. Deputy Attorney General David H. Souter, with attached “News Release, June 26, 1974” and changes (Jun. 24, 1974). Thomson — Curtis Compact: Resolutions Concerning Settlement of the Lateral Marine Boundary Dispute between New Hampshire and Maine (Jun. 26, 1974). Letter from Maine Assistant Attorney General Charles R. Larouche to New Hampshire Special Counsel Richard Upton, with attachments (Jul. 10, 1974). Defendant’s Brief in Opposition to Motion to Intervene, in New Hampshire v. Maine, U.S. Supreme Court, Original No. 64. Plaintiff's Brief in Opposition to Motion to Intervene, in New Hampshire v. Maine, 'J.S. Supreme Court, Original No. 64. Transcript of Oral Arguments, from New Hampshire v. Maine, U.S. Supreme Court, Original No. 64. Plaintiff's Memorandum to the Special Master, in New Hampshire v. Maine, U.S. Supreme Court, Original No. 64. Plaintiff's Memorandum of Law on Jurisdiction to Enter Consent Decree, in New Hampshire v. Maine, U.S. Supreme Court, Original No. 64. PAGE(S) 47a-48a 49a 54a-59a 60a-63a 64a-70a 71a-80a 8la-99a 100a-143a 144a-147a 148a-155a DESCRIPTION 24 Joint Motion for Entry of Final Order, in New Hampshire v. Maine, U.S. Supreme Court, Original No. 64. ~~ 4 — EDITOR'S NOTE THE FOLLOWING PAGES WERE POOR HARD COPY AT THE TIME OF FILMING. IF AND WHEN A BETTER COPY CAN BE OBTAINED, A NEW FICHE WILL BE ISSUED. 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OF a a Bx ee AY = SS ” : x ee » » Sa 8 aes ON sh oe ; 7 iv . ot . r ; . ‘ . z= ‘ : i | ee oe ob’ Gerrish-Island. 42 \ a) is fg = . : 7 SE ~ 2 ‘ vf © at we 5 RE as uw wi fsor? Fishing R - R ey ; : uw ry, nuky = ‘ ny ' at) “a : “yy t ‘ G - » 4 “) Fert i'r ue Ft Coustinition eres Aamouth Lt.Ho it, us ae 8 - ny 7 SQ} “4 ‘ , a - us ' ut on o = 3 gro ee of rae) ™ reeky 4 Beuebinae Movks 7 u . ™ 5 thay , “a oa st ‘ ul oe s ” at 2 : a »% ( ) ‘ va a . be 4 r ’ a 2 af W Sister a «i : é ‘ ‘ S .¢ on ‘ ’ at ‘ 7qye ‘ rw) w . ° u ss Lin . - wt ad : ‘, Seed M x wt ” “op ‘ , ” = " id al Whaste lis. \, % es tr 0 ” 7 “4 Whales Ave ” “ a3 " Phelips Kooks 0s r ’ ue oe Liggt Vii re i} 6 5 tee ab wt a st -t M N) it “ ge “ ee s a e a rr) ‘ * ” ’ ache ne ww ry 8 “ st . ‘ we “1 - a ’ ' ~ a " . rt XY wat 9 a " . of ® i ck ¥ 4 mr f° ” Auts Rovks Fad ; 4 - so at goorss™, Y w ” ‘ ‘ ° meer’ th, ”“” re | - ’ vil ? se 6 ' t we a : se aery a \ >: Legend: Cod Rock j Fishing Islands K Kitt s Rocks N Logy Ledge H Wood Island L West Sister O Fort McClary I Whales Back East Sister P Pepperrells Cove J Light House M - re ( . Now Wa ? SOw a . ‘ Uff | a " of Co > a it ’ a3 4 | 3 a pone a 4 yy oy a | res Pe /t i , i an, 4 ; \ nel. uf RY ) ~ ~ « - u . As _ — X a if , RS > “Gye i ? ay ei ’ i} % J 5) ~ Uf” s} H 4% ne ~~ ta J — ia y i ah = ae Y i 4 ' ) ~* > a." “ Ant ; i= *. % J ais 5 Sal n] ~% o r, boon A, HP - P |= 4 fs > 7 “ % - ~ 2 ) ‘ “ me, Ce. Gre ae. - $3 = \ ‘Ce > DRA Bat a BI Pa “. a : - : ‘ and o Christidn Ghrire a Prien 7 } : . S : y ‘ ‘ r P . ? - aw ) . Ss af: g; y} cr ~«% \ MX — VAISS o ‘ “7 - =30 ‘ dom ¢, 3 a “1 “ae \ ; & et« a] = { aS ve ae 4 ‘ q¢ f: Be a a we w + . ss i. P34 nr) cn - c % 7 -— =e > 55 4 eee : *. a ee © J m Thomson, Jr. 7 t The Honorsble Meldri ire h tibew ' ee ~ '? Governor of New i arr > ae ncerely, Ss: 2 4 oe PA nner Pet | - _— Tt i. vA. Cor : > - Govemor z 7 eee Tiss Zomerable Bisnard Upton Cnaimcan, New Haapshire Fish Centre Street Concord, Nes Uampshire 03301 Dear Dick; AS yOu enter further nesotiations with regmesencatives fron the State of Maine soncernine the Louncary dispute relative to ow lateral marine Dowdary, you my convey ay fim posiczioa taat residents of is state hove the right to fish at least up to the line known as “lLicnts on rare”. Tuls stecemons is made without cxcjudice to our clain - . . $2 ~J a - for a more nortuerly boumlary, out is ane in an effort to clarify Cur rosition so as 2 work towars & teeporary accumicdation pemiing ultimate bhommdary agrectent. | eel ae rare meneame aeaern eres . - — " r " “ Pref TR Se NRE TRL Saye Rea TARTAN EEE OEP EINE ee NOL BTM NEY EI ANI NT ORB eS | May 31, 1973 The Honorable Warren B. Rudman Attorney General State House Annex Consord, New Hampshire Dear Mr. Rudman, I appreciate the briefing which you, Deputy Attorney General Souter, and Mr. Upton gave me this afternoon relative to the boundary matter. It is my understanding that,as a result of the meeting, the boundary bill wili be changec to run approximately lights on range to the Isles of Shoals and then eastward on a 102° angle. Purther, that you will be vrepeared to file a suit in the 0. S. Supreme Court seeking the establishment of our rightful maritime boundary and such injunctive relief as may be necessary to protect our fishermen in the presently disputed area. Please let me see vour pleadings ismediately pricx to going to the printer and make your plans tc see that the file is in the Supreme Court not later then next Wednesday. Sincerely, Meldzrim Tnomsocn, Jr. mr /tkp 50a - ~ ee Sila ay Strte of Aluine Executive Separhment Augusta, Maine 04330 AENNETH M. CURTIS GOVERNOR June 8, 1973 David H. Souter Deputy Attorney General State of New Hampshire Concord, New Hampshire NPY AAA TLE oS DERE een ORLA Se SAIN Se Re Gee, Al ln tg Mia + Eases ee Dear Mr. Souter: This is to acknowledge receipt of three copies of the Motion of the State of New Hampshire for Leave to File Complaint and Complaint in New Hampshire v. Maine regarding the seaward boundary between the two states. Thank you for sending this material to me. Sincerely, “hf (Hs -Kenne : ‘me Governor KMC:jk Aon eRe, CR rae Jon A. Lunp ATTORNEY GENERAL BU Rhee ere WA TS Aad, a, RON gad 8 Sete tae Lis in ti ee ee eae 52a GEORGE C. WEsT Joun W. BENOIT. JR. RicHarp S. CoHEN DEPUTY ATTORNEYS GENERAL STATE OF MAINE DEPARTMENT OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL AuGusTa, MAINE 04330 July 9, 1973 David H. Souter, Esquire Deputy Attorney General Office of the Attorney General State House Annex Concord, New Hampshire Re: New Hampshire v. Maine, Supreme Court of the United States, October Term, 1972, No. 64, Original. Dear Dave: This is to confirm in writing the offer of the Maine Interstate Boundary Commission to resume negotiations with the New Hampshire Interstate Boundary Commission concerning the marine boundary between Maine and New Hampshire. After due consultation with the appropriate Maine State Officials and the Maine Interstate Boundary Commission, I can assure you that the Maine Commission is ready to resume immediately the marine boundary negotiations with the New Hampshire Commission. I can also assure you that the Maine Commission appears to me to be willing to engage in these negotiations in complete good faith, with an open mind and a sincere desire to settle this matter fairly and promptly. I can further assure you that it appears to me that the Maine Commission will consider objectively all evidence, principles, and arguments that may be presented by the New Hampshire Commission, and that each member of the Maine Commission will exercise his independent judgment on all matters relating to the marine boundary. Accordingly, if you can promptly render to me Similar assurances, I would suggest that we agree to request the Supreme Court of the United States to extend the time for my reply brief to your Motion for Leave to File Complaint, until July l, 1974. 53a David H. Souter, Esquire Page 2 July 9, 1973 I further suggest that the following procedure be adopted in the resumed negotiations: that the Maine Commission will cause to be presented in the initial sessions such evidence, principles, and arguments relative to the marine boundary as may be available at that time, all of which are to be received with an open mind and viewed objectively by the New Hampshire Commission; thereupon, the New Hampshire Commission will cause to be presented in the succeeding sessions such further evidence, principles, and arguments relative to the marine boundary as may be available at that time, all of which are to be received with an open mind and viewed objectively by the Maine Commission. There- after, each Commission will be afforded an opportunity to present such further evidence, principles, and arguments as each may wish to present. At the conclusion of all of which presentations, the members of both Commissions will discuss jointly and frankly all of the foregoing material and will attempt to reach an equitable resolution of this matter. Please inform me promptly as to whether or not the above-stated assurances and suggested procedure are satis- factory to you, and whether or not you can offer me similar assurances. Sincerely, NW a le Ae CHARLES R.\LAROUCHE Assistant Attorney General CRL/ec cc: Honorable Kenneth M. Curtis, Governor of Maine Mr. Richard N. Berry, Maine Interstate Boundary Commission Mr. Frederick Brown, Maine Interstate Boundary Commission Mr. Ernest Hoyt, Maine Interstate Boundary Commission Spencer Apollonio, Commissioner, Sea and Shore Fisheries 54a c Jon A. Lunp ATTORNEY GENERAL Joun W. BENoIT. JR. Ricgarp S. COHEN DEPUTY ATTORNEYS GENERAL STATE OF MAINE DEPARTMENT OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL AuGusTa, MaINE 04330 Se te Ne are 3 June 24, 1974 David H. Souter, Esqure Deputy Attorney General i Office of the Attorney General j State House Annex Concord, New Hampshire 03301 Re: New Hampshire v. Maine Dear Dave: - Thank you for your letter of June 21. My secretary and I have proofread the draft which you enclosed with your letter as agdinst : the latest revision of my draft; she has written in in pen the differences between my latest draft and your draft. I will add to | my draft the sentence which you have added on page 2 at the bottom : thereof concerning markers precisely as you have written it and will incorporate therein the changes that you made concerning the Boundary Commissioners of New Hampshire. I hope that you and Dick Upton will reexamine the draft news release carefully and give me a call if you see any further chmges that may be needed. | I also hope that you and Dick will finalize our draft "Motion for Entry of Judgment by Consent of Plaintiff and Defendant," and get ) it to me by Wednesday morning early. I also hope that if there are | any substantive changes at all that you or Dick would call me tomorrow so that we can get the changes by telephone and get our draft in finished form so that I can provide that to our Governor and Council. Thanks for your cooperation. Sincerely, A; c: CHARLES R. LAROUCHE Assistant Attorney General CRL:mfe opus ; “eg v0 a P.S. I suggest that we add a reference in the to amap showing tne agreed boundary Line. ill have someone prepare such a map, will reproduce it and send it to you hopefully before the end of today. Fe that has” ick Upton vsrovide the additional referenced language co t Hy ; at /0;'06 2.m 7, meer | ~~ 55a NEWS RELEASE June 26, 1974 The Attorneys General of Maine and New Hampshire today issued a joint public announcement oh ie the possible settle- ment of the case involving the/marine boundary line between New Hampshire and Maine which is now pending trial in the Supreme Court of the United States. Attorney General Lund of Maine and Attorney General Rudman of New Hampshire announced that Counsel for the two states have reached a tentative agreement for settlement of the marine boundary line dispute. Counsel for the two States have agreed to submit to the Supreme Court a "Motion for Entry of Judgment by Consent of Plaintiff and Defendant" which would specify the precise marine boundary line, provided the Governor and Executive Council of each of the two States approves the proposed settle- ment. - Attorney General Lund and Attorney General Rudman stated that each of them would immediately submit the proposed settlement of the case to his respective Governor and Executive Council with a statement of the basis for the settlement and would recommend that it be approved by them as being a fair resolution of the dispute. The proposed settlement would place the marine boundary line in the middle of the main channel of navigation of the Piscataqua River, commencing in the vicinity of Fort Point, New Hampshire and Fishing Island, Maine, proceeding southward along the channel range line indicated by the range lights located in -2- 56a the vicinity of Peppers1l Cove, Kittery Point, Maine, and as that channel line is marked on the Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart re kD Eighth Edition. The settlement would stipulate that this channel ends at a point which bears 195° true and a distance of 1700 yards from Whaleback Lighthouse, No. 19, een hoe Latitude 43°-02' -42 .5" North and Longitude 70°-42'-06" West. The settlement would also place the marine boundary line in the middle of the main channel of navigation of Gosport Harbor; it would stipulate that the middle of shis channel is as marked on Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart 211, Eighth Edition, by the bottom Blache White clele I heo-tas, of — Buoy symbol; and it would agree that this channel ends at a point which sears, and a distance of 1850 yards from the Isles of Shoals Lighthouse, No. 20, siete scomieenate 42 °-58' -55”" North and Longitude 70°-37'-39.5" West. The settlement would finally provide that the marine boundary line connecting these two agreed channel termination points is a straight line, the bearing from the Piscataqua River channel termination point towards the Gosport Harbor channel termination point being 139° true, and the reverse bearing being 319° true. The proposed settlement involves a merging of the two main principles advocated by Counsel for the two States: the mid- wie. channel theory advanced by Maine, and the straight line theory ot New Hampshire, and an agreement as to the location of these harbor channels and their termination Points. Provision will be made for installation and maintenance of suitable markers and/or navigation aids to locate the boundary as settled, the costs of which will be shared equally by the two States, subject to any applicable federal regulations. eo 57a The proposed settlement is the product of several years of negotiation between the two States. Boundary Commissioners of the two States were appointed by their respective Governors following a resolution by the Legislature of each State in 1971. The Maine Boundary Commission Delegation consisted of Senator Richard N. Berry, Chairman, of Cape Elizabeth, Ernest F. Hoyt of Kittery, and Frederick S. Brown of Kittery. The New Hampshire Boundary Commission Delegation consisted of John R. Bradshaw, Chairman, of Nelson, Richard F. Upton of Concord, David H. Souter, He. Deputy se General of New Hampshire, of se icleaae J. Murphy, Jr, Af 'Portsmouth and Geno J. Marconi of Portsmouth. Mr. Upton also serves as Special Counsei for New Hampshire in the pending litigation, as well as Chairman of the New Hampshire Fish and Game Commission. When the negotiations were resumed last fall, Maine Assistant Attorneys General Charles R. Larouche and Robert J. Stolt aa Ly assisted in the boundary negotiations. Since January /the negotiations have been conducted principally by the Attorney General's Office of Maine and Special Counsel for New Hampshire. 58a Jon A. Lunp ATTORNEY GENERAL Joan W. Benort. JR Ricwarp S. COHEN CEPUTY ATTORNEYS GENERAL STATE OF MAINE DEPARTMENT OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL AuGusTA, MAINE 04330 June 24, 1974 David H. Souter, Esquire Deputy Attorney General Attorney General’s Office State House Annex Concord, New Hampshire 03301 Re: New Hampshire v. Maine Dear Dave: Since mailing my first letter to you this morning, I have drafted a new paragraph 1l (see draft copy attached) to the "Motion for Entry of Judgment by Consent of Plaintiff and Defendant." Please examine the language carefully and let me know of any desired change. The line is being drawn on three copies of C & GS Chart 21ll, Eighth Edition, right now. I will send you two copies in a mailing tube this afternoon; one is for your office and the other should be attached to the "Motion." I will keep one for our Office. I have assumed that the language in the "Motion" re markers, which you and Dick Upton will draft, will be about the same as you included in your draft of the News Release. I included that as Paragraph 12 with the attached draft of paragraph ll. Please examine and let me know by telephone Tuesday morning of any changes to either Paragraph ll or 12 or the News Release, or the map. Thanks for your cooperation. Sincerely, oe 4 . ( faet— CHARLES R. LAROUCHE Assistant Attorney General CRL:mfe enc. cc: Richard F. Upton, Esq. 59a ll. The boundary line delimited hereinabove is depicted by a heavy black line with the words "Maine" and "New Hampshire" above and below that line on the Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart 211, Eighth Edition, attached hereto. 12. Provision will be made for installation and maintenance of suitable markers and/or navigation aids to locate the boundary as settled, the costs of which will be shared equally by the two States, subject to any applicable federal reguiations. a at Els in a. 60a THOMSON - CURTIS COMPACT Resolutions Concerning Settlement of the Lateral Marine Boundary Dispute Between New Hampshire and Maine Whereas there is pending in the United States Supreme Court an action brought by The State of New Hampshire against The State of Maine, entitled No. 64, Original, State of New Hampshire, plaintiff v. State of Maine, defendant, to determine and define the location of the lateral marine boundsery between the two states from Portsmouth Harbor on tne mainland to Gosport Harbor in the Isles of Shoals; and Whereas the Attorney General of New Hampshire and special counsel for this State and the Attorney General of Maine have reached an agreement. to recommend a proposed settlement of the iktemuse by means of a consent decree to be presented to the United States Supreme Court for its approval; and Whereas the proposed settlement appears tJ in the public interest and will result in substantial savings in costs of litigation as well as avoidance of the uncertainty of what the decision of the case would be if contested to final judgment; Now therefore Be It Resolved by the Governor and Council of The State of New Hampshire as follows: l. That the Attorney General and special counsel for this State be and they hereby are authorized to enter into a proposed consent decree, subject to the approval of the United States Supreme Court, which will contain in substance the following provisions with respect to the said lateral marine boundary: (a) The source of the latera . marine boundary line between Nei: Hampshire and ‘aine lies in the Order of the Kinz in Council of Aucus: 1749, which Unver orovidel: 61a "And as to the Northern Boundary between the said Provinces, the Court Resolve and Determine, That the Dividing Line shall pass up thro the Mouth of Piscataqua Harbour and up the Middle of the River into the River of Newichwannock (part of which is now called Salmon Falls) and thro the Middle of the same to the furthest Head thereof and from thence North two Degrees Westerly until One Hundred and Twenty Miles be finished from the Mouth of Piscataqua Harbour aforesaid or until it meets with His Majestys other Governments And That the Dividing Line shall part the Isles of Shoals and run thro the Middle of the Harbour between the Islands to the Sea - on the Southerly Side; and that the Southwesterly part of the said Islands shall lye in and be accounted part of the Province of New Hampshire And that the North Easterly part thereof shall lye in, and be accounted part of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay and be held and enjoyed by the said Provinces respectively in the same manner as they now do and have heretofore held and enjoyed the same... . (>) The terms "Middle of the River” and "Middle of the Harbour” as used in the above-quoted Order mean the middle of the main channel of navigation of the Piscataqua River and the middle of the main channel of navigation of Gosport Harbor. (c) The middle of the main channel of navigation of the Piscataqua River, commencing in the vicinity of Fort Point, New Hampshire and Fishing Island, Maine, proceeding southward, is as indicated by the range lights located in the vicinity of Pepperrell Cove, Kittery Point, Maine, and it follows the range line as marked on the Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart ell, 8th Edition. (d) The main channel of navigation of the Piscataqua River termin- ates at a point which bears 195° true and a distance of 1,700 yards from Whaleback Lighthouse, (No. 19, USCG-158), at Latitude 43°-02'-42.5" North and Loneitude 70°-42'-06" West. 62a (e) The middle of the main channel of navigation of Gosport Harbor is as marked on Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart ell, 8th Edition, indicated by the bottom of the Bell Buoy symbol. (f) The main channel of navigation of Gosport Harbor terminates at a point which bears 349.5° true and a distance of 1,850 yards from the Isles of Shoals Lighthouse, (No. 20, USCG-158), at Latitude 42°-58'-55" North and Longitude 70°-37'-39.5" West. : (g) The lateral marine boundary line between New Hampshire and Maine connecting the channel termination points is a straight line. (h) The lateral marine boundary line between New Hampshire and Maine from the termination of the Piscataqua River channel, as defined in Subparagraph (d) above, proceeds toward Gosport Harbor on a bearing of 139° true. (i) The lateral marine boundary line between New Hampshire and Maine from the termination of the Gosport Harbor channel, as defined in Subparagraph (f) above, proceeds toward Piscataqua River on a bearing of 319° true. 2. That the Attorney General and special counsel be and they “hereby are authorized to agree to such minor variations, if any, in the courses, distances and locations set forth in paragraph 1 above as may be disclosed to be necessary by final calculation, and to such further pro- visions in such proposed consent decree as may be found necessary and proper, in their opinion, to carry out the intent and purpose of this settlement and to protect the interests of this State, including (but not limited to) provision for installation and maintenance of suitable 63a markers and/or nindeationsl aids and devices to locate the boundary as settled (consistent with federal law and regulations), the cost of which will be shared equally by the two states. 3. That the approval of the proposed settlement by the Governor and Council is conditioned upon like approval thereof by the Governor and Council of the State of Maine on or before July 15, 1974, and is given without prejudice to the rights of the State of New Hampshire in the event the Governor and Council of the State of Maine do not approve the proposed settlement or in the event the proposed settlement is disapproved by the United States Supreme Court. In witness whereof, we, the Governor and the Executive Councilors of the State of New Hampshire, have signed these resolutions this twenty- sixth day of June, nineteen hundred and seventy-four. a ee Seal eel —— ee Srate or Maine DerartMent oF tHE ATTORNEY GENERAL Aucusra, Marne 04330 July 10, 1974 Richard F. Upton, Esquire Upton, Sanders & Upton 10 Centre Street Concocd, Wew Hampshire 03301 Dear Richard: shis is to infora you tnat the Governor and Council of Maine this morning gave their appzoval to our recommended resolution of New Hampshire v. Maine. Enclosed herewith is a copy of the Order of the Governor and Council reflecting treir approval. I have also enclosed a copy of Atcorcney General .Lund's letter to the Governoc and council, dated Cune 20, 1974, which explains the natuce of the settlement and the Dasis for it. Accordingly, Maine is prepared to proceed immediately with submission of the iiotion foc Entry of Judgment Sy consent of SlaintifZ and %»fendant in this case. - crust that you will expedite firming up che preliminacy dscaft of thac lotion and tne Order of the Speciai Master that should accompany the ‘4otion. i hope that you will be able to transmit that 3caft to the peincter by Friday afternoon of this week, wich a copy +o =2. - would aisc appceciats it if you would ask the serinter to send m2 2 copy of the proof as soon as it is ready. this morning and nave exaiuzned I caceived your letcer of July °& and = — Eousting thet the foregoing is satisfactory to you, I am ee tee ras ¢ aS anaes i 8 % a Pe - we Sa Ah FS Most cespectfully yours, Ie. Ly sek a CHARLES 2. LAROUCHE CRE:mfe SCiied Assistant Attorney General + Anzvrg Younbiih : cc: David 8. Souter, Zsquire * Richard ¥. Upton, Zsquire tee eS eens ee 1 ne Cob De Deb S HN Ae ats Wath srl a RSet tes a2 eA Dive vA A ee oe ae ae 4688 State of Maine ; JUL 1 0 1974 In Counal, Department,_Attorney General ORDERED, e of New Hampshire v- Maine, That the proposed settlement of the cas f the United States, October Term, No. 64, Original, Supreme Court oO t of Plaintiff and 1972, by “Motion for Entry of Judgment by Consen ral, marine boundary Defendant," which Motion would specify the late line between New Hampshire and Maine from the inner Portsmouth Harbor to the inner Gosport Harbor in substantially the manner described in the attached preliminar draft co of that Motion, is approved by the Governor and Executive Council. Statement of Facts 1 to the Governor and council, ana recommending that A letter from the Attorney Genera air resolution stating the basis for the proposed settlement, it be approved by the Governor and Council as being a f of the dispute, 1s attached hereto. A copy of the Memorandum of Meeting of May 30, 1974, by the Maine- New Hampshire Boundary Commission, Maine Section, commenting on the proposed settlement, is also attached hereto. of a portion of C & GS Chart Also enclosed herewith is a cCOpy 211, showing the boundary line placed on its maps since 1916-17 by the U.S. Geological Survey, which is shown by a heavy black dashed line; also on this map is the New Hampshire "Lights in Range Line, " which is shown by a solid green line; and also shown on this map is the proposed boundary settlement line, shown by 4 solid red line. the Governor and Council, there with For the further information of is enclosed herewith a copy of New Hampshire's Complaint, Appendix map, and Maine's Answer thereto. Council, and by the Governor approved. car f State. HO sO 0 7OH39 11 191974 don A. Lunn ATONE COT AML Go: ayy Joun W. B-6Sar. Jnr. Wh: hy Ricuarn S. COHEN & ° 8 a oS ae DEPUTY ATTOANETS GENERAL ne ae Slt pod ' STATE OF MAINE DEPARYTMENT OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL Aucusta, MAINE 04330 June 20, 1974 Honorable Kenneth M. Curtis Governor of Maine State House Augusta, Maine 04330 Honorable Harvey Johnson Chairman, Executive Council Executive Department State Hous? ugusta, Maine Re: State of New Hampshir2 v. State or Maine Gentlemen: I have the honor to transmit to you here with a draft Council Order, with explanatory papers attach ea thereto, and described in the Or@er, concerning the New Hampshire v. Maine, No. 64 Original, Supreme Court of the United States, Stober Term, 1972, case. Counsel for the two States have reached a tentative agreement for settlement of the marine boundary line dispute invoived in this case. Counsel have agreed to submit to the Supreme Court of the United States a "Motion for Entry of Judgment by Consent of Plainti and Defendant," which would specify the pr acise marine boundary lin provided the Governor and Executive Council of each of the two Stat approve the proposed settlement. Ff e , es 7 a O c o y tk aad fe The proposed ag eagerenh would place the marine az the middle of the main channel of navigation of the Piscata commencing in the Acinite of Fort Point, New Hampshire and Island, Maine, proceeding southward along the channel range indicated by the rangs lights located in the vicinity of Pep Cove, Kittery Point, Maine, and as that channel line al mark: Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart 211, Eighth Edition. would stipulate that this channel ends at a point nich bears true and a distance of 1700 yards froia Whaleback Lighthouse, ho. a bh: a Rs OQ bh: a] 2) 3 OW ° pis ee Nn cr fs ‘TGreiyiyG ce fu (De ovo O0R 2 Si re > et ee (i @ 17) @ cy he We 4 tk ot Ww 1 ial ied SSN a . 69a morable Fonneth MH. Curcis fonoravle Harvey Johnson Page 2 June 20, 1974 3-158 Latitude 43°-62'-42.5" North and Longitui2 70°-42*-06" USCC West. The settlement woullt also place the marine boundary line in the middle of the main channel of navigation of Gosport Harbor; it would stipulate that the miudie of this chanaesl is as marked on Coast and Geodetic Survey Cnart 211, Eighth Edition, by the bottom of the Bell Buoy symbol; and it would agree that this channel ends at a point which bears 34%%°true and a distance of 1850 yards from the Isles of Shoals Lighthouse, No. 20, USCG-158 Latitude 42°-53'55" North and Longitude 70°-37*-329.5" West. The settlement would finally provide that the marine boundary line connecting these two agreed channel termination points is a straight line, the bearing from the Piscataqua River channel termina- tion point towards the Gosvort Harbor channel termination point being 139° true, and the reverse bearing being 319° true. The proposed ‘settlement involves a merging of the two main principles advocated Sy Counsel for the two States: the mid-channel theory advanced by Maine, and the straight line theory by New Hampshire, and an agreement as to the location of these harbor channels and their termination points. The provosed settlement is the product of several years of negotia- tion between the two States. Several of my Assistants have conducted intensive factual, historical and legal research in connection with this litigation during the past year. It is their opinion and mine that the proposed settlement is a fair resolution of this dispute and that disposition of this action in this manner would be in the best interest of this State. Accoraingly, I ee gene request that you indicate your approval of my proposed action in t JAL:mfe i cc: Honorable Richard WW. Logan Honorable Hattie M. Bickmore Honoravle Howard W. Mayo Honoradle Harold G. Clarx Honorable Clyde A. Hichborna Honora®l? Herald J. Backett ee ee ee ee SER Stee 2 we as. so '70a , Rtn, TOP ae ; : as"? * : é t s ! 7 - oe . “I oe Sask 7's ° ‘ rm ? i | . ~ ae ae ig faa « . ; ° , é ; a 5 Pee 71a IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES 4 OCTOBER TERM, 1972 NO. 64, ORIGINAL BAR econ THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, Plaintiff Vv. THE STATE OF MAINE, Defendant > BRIEF IN OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO INTERVENE JON A. LUND | Attorney General CHARLES R. LAROUCHE Office of the Attorney General State House, Augusta, Maine 04330 Counsel for Defendant The State of Maine ROBERT J. STOLT Assistant Attorney General = Of Counsel 72a TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF AUTHORITIES.....-. 0, ccccccccccscseccccsseeeeeees ii em og cdeucsceveneneuss CO are alt el ae 1 DRIED. 5 a ccccoscesececaseesenestnse pete eR eal Pe cg 2 % ; I. THE ELEVENTH AMENDMENT BARS THE PROPOSED INTERVENTION......- rr aa ii ea i Oe ae ® 2 : II. MOVANTS HAVE NO PRIVATE INTEREST : IN THE PROPERTY OR TRANSACTION WHICH : IS THE SUBJECT OF THIS ACTION........-..-++--: 4 5 III. ANY INTEREST WHICH MOVANTS MAY HAVE | IN THIS ACTION IS PROPERLY REPRESENTED } BY THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE.......-----+--- 5 CONCLUSION. ..---seeeeee% CM ORSEECESESEES ES DVHEDE KE REV OC SORE WY © bans Fe en ee TABLE OF AUTHORITIES CASES Page Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 Dall. 419 (1792)...---eeeeeeeeeerrers 3 Coggeshall v. Harbor Comm., 146 A. 482, 50 R.I. 175 (1929)...---eeeeees Senet Tee er et kt oe. 4 Florida v. Georgia, 17 How. 478 (1855)...-+--+. eer ree ] a P q 2 5 ‘ 87a leave to intervene must te denied." {A 6 Ar ee {rae by | : ‘ 98a - 15 - In Utah v. U. S., 394 U. S. 89, this Court denied a petition to intervene filed by a corporate landowner, holding: "While we can perceive no compelling reason requiring the presence of Morton in this lawsuit, there are substantial reasons for denying inter- vention. If Morton is admitted, fairness would re- quire the admission of any of the other 120 private landowners who wish to quiet their title to portions of the relicted lands, greatly increasing the com- plexity of this litigation. Moreover, if any private landlord who is a citizen of Utah should seek to in- tervene, we would be required to decide the difficult constitutional question as to whether this Court may retain its original jurisdiction over an action in which complete diversity of citizenship no longer exists between the contesting parties." The plaintiff has previously given painstaking consideration to the claims advanced by the petitioners that they have new evidence or new law which would warrant reconsideration by the plaintiff of its position in this case. As before related, numerous sessions have been held with a large number of the petitioners and their counsel, and every opportunity has been given them to show cause why the proposed consent decree should not be favored by the plaintiff. It is the considered judgment of the Attorney General of New Hampshire, sup- ported by the Governor of New Hampshire, that these petitioners have failed to sustain their claims and that the public interest requires that the plaintiff continue to adhere to the proposed consent he es ee Re ee met ~ % = decree. We believe that no element of public interest or justice would be served by permitting these petitioners to intervene. Respectfully submitted, The State of New llampshire Warren Rucman Attorney Generel David Souter Deputy Attorney Genera: By /s/ Richard F. Upton Special Counsel IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES 100a fee 2 e:min in oe =e sa SS et “STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, © 2 =) 0 ; No. €4 Orig, STATE OF MAINE, : Difencant. : Oe ee ee eee ee a ee Weshington, D, C.- HNouday, April 19, 1976 Vue above-entitied matter cums om For aryament ct 10:04 a.m, BEFORE : WERE £C. BURGER, Chick Justice of tha U.ited Stetes WILLIAM J. hE AWAN, IR., Associate Justices FOUTLR STEVANLT, Auvsociate Justica BYRON R. Wit, Asgociale Justice THURCOGD MARSHALL, ASyociate Justice MARKY LR. WLACKNUN, Aseociats Justics LEWIS t'. POWELL, Jih., Aucuciate Justica WHIeLAAM Tl. NERIIQULUS, Newwcdlule Juutlca JOwMse Po SVN, Auwoclute Tascics AVP LAA HCES & EDUAKE FF. DRLULEY, JR., £SQ., husivtunt Atricsy General, State House, Augusta, Malus 04333, Toc the &etseradant. ‘RICHAW F. UPTO, ESQ., Special Counsel, 10 Contre Strest, Concerd, “sw liawpshire 03301, for the plaiutire. INDEX ORAL ARGUMENT OF: Pags EDWARD FP. BRADLEY, JR., ESQ., for the defendant 3 RICHARD F. UPTON, ESQ., for the plaintiff 19 REBUTTAL ARGUMENT OF: EDWARD F. BRADLEY, JR., ESQ. 38 3 102a PROCEEDINGS MR. CIIEF eo BURGER: We will hear arguments first this morning in No. 64 Original, State of New Hampshire ‘against the ptate of Maine. Mr. Bradley, you may proceed whenever you are ready. ORAL ARGUMEWT OF EDWARD F. BRADLEY, JR., ON BEHALF OF DEFENDANT MR: BRADLEY: “Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the eek: This is a dispute between tha States of Maine and meee llampshire over the location of their lateral marine boundary in the Piscataqia River and Gosport Harbor and the intervening marine area. | ~The legal issue in this cass is the proper interpreta- tion of the 1740 boundary decree of the King of England which deascribas ie boundary in these areas. Maine's original interpretation of tha decree was an extended thalwey line in Pincataqua ligrbor and Gosport UarLor intersecting in the dntervening marluea areas. New Hampshire's oriyina}] ling is a “lights oa ranye”" dine counecting Fort Point to Whaleback Light. It was Maine's enforcenent of its lobster reculations in tha intervening marine area between thsse t-.o linss which led to regulatory conflict and an attampt to resolve the — through’ boundary commissions. . This attempt failed. Subsequent enforcenant ® gs ; } action led to conflict betwean enforcemant officers of both 103a States and aa aeeniins moratorium on enforcement to permit New Hampshire to file a complaint in this case. ‘New Hampshire filed that camplaint on June 6, 1973, and a Master, Justice Thomas Clark, was appointed on November 5 - 1973. ‘Soon after his appointnuent Justice Clark ieetl with counsel for ‘ite and Naw Hampshire tc urya the States to settle this dispute and to avoid long and disrupcrive litigatior with great exvanee to the people of both States. Counsel excninens this ruconmendacion and mst to revix principles of law which would datarmlia thse location of theo boundary and the neeper interpretation of the description in thea 1749 Gocrse. They were able to rescn agrealunt on uu.s and they filed a joint notion for consent decree on Septanbexr 1975. On Pvency 27, 1975, the stipulated record in support or that joint motion ea congant was submitted to the Special arom and the oase was finaliy submitted withest OLih arguncni wn Macth 17, 1975. After reviewing the stipulated record ami tie conser decrue submitted by thw Siates, the Social Masier decidad tha hs hud to reject tha consent dsciec bectitce ha believed thet the court was without jurisdiction to enter and a).ao because h folt the geographic middie rather than thiaiweg was the proper intemmsetanion of the word “middle” in tha boundary deacriptio The State of Maine hes takun exceptions to both thes determinatio:.s. But before d@iscu3sing cur excepticns, I wouid S 104a 11 Like to describe to the Court the substantial prejudice which ths "Special Master's rejection of ths consent decrae,: adoption of the geographic middle line, and algo his failure to_hear full ——a oo on the issues below has caused to ths Lacie of the State of Maine. First, of course, we have lost to the Stato of New pease by 1 the Master ® a description of the new lins 636 acres: of iand: in the intervening marins area, land which is in dispute between New Hampshire and Maine fishermen and presants a great emotional issue in both Statea. QUESTION: What's that? About one square mile? MR. BRADLEY: Your Honor, tho way I visualize it is that it's about two and a hair thrus tiw area brtvwen the Capitol and ths Lincoln Mamorial. QUESTION: There are ebout 640 acres ina square wile. mR. BRADLEY: OK if tnact's what it is. ‘nhat‘s my visual refurence. but we don't fesl that Usct 635 acras -- QUESTION{ hie areu de off the coavilineg? MR. BRADLEY: eu, oir. QUESTION: Or ao you include in thet anything in tha -: harbor? MR. BRADLEY: No, we have mede no calculation of the - area that we may have lost in the harbor. As such section as we have to the lost 636 acres, : oan 105a “ we feel that we have been much more greatly prejudiced by the ", ; Master's 8 adoption of an equidistant boundary in the Piscataqua 2 River. the Master, at page 43 of his report, indicated that ioe woulda : be necessary for purposes of this dispute to delimit “that boundary, but because we are going to havo to live with = fe it, we have asked State Departusnt sania of the Geographer to do a rough approximation of what an equidistant — would lcok lika. - And they have dona it cn a map that refers al.uo to the thalweg, which we distributed just prior to ths argumsnt. As you can see, it’s an extremely irregular lire which would ba vory, very difficult to mark on ths watsr and would give rise to great opportunities four the yinds of jurisdictional and regulatory ccariict which gave rise to thu dispute in this case. QUESTION: You have subuitted this mep? MR. BRADLEY: Your Honor, it's really demonstrative. It's not avidance. It woulda‘t be the line that you would ‘udypt in a dscre@ or sniaseis like that. QUESTION: You wouldn't sugyest the tialweg du gcliny to be a straight line Like thet, do you? MR. BRADLEY: Your Hcnor, it was in the consent deécreu. It was marked by a range lirs -- QUESTION: You wouldn't really suggest that's the way -. it is, would you? | | MR. BRADLEY; It's pretty near that, your Honor. 1064‘. ~~ QUESTION: A straight line? A thalweg? Ths deepest channel in a river, a line like that? MR.BRADLEY: In this river, the channal -- QUESTION: ‘hat's incredible. MR. BRADLEY: It may be incredible, sir, but -- QUESTION: the line you agread upon, is that Lt? MR. DRADLEY: Yes, sir. And it was bausd upon the -- QUESTION: It's not a thalweg, though. That's where . - you agree it is. MR. BRADLEY: Your Ilonor, it’s tha main ship channel. It's the channel that ships actually -- QUESTION: Maybe it's mignansd chalwog, but in any event on this map the straight line is the line upon which the eprechant was reached. | MR. BRADLEY: Yos, sir. | QUESTION: Msy I ask a quostion whils I have ycu : interrupted? : | MR. BRADLEY: en: your honer. 3 QUESTION: Is there any quaestica in tiie casa? I notice New Hampshire isn't quite as happy with that agresaunt mow as perhaps it was at tha time it was madé. But the Now Hampshire legislature never tid agree with that agreement, did it? a3 7 ‘. cal Sanaa | MR. BRADLEY: No, your lionor. + oo” ,. QUESTION: Is there any question of the validity of ee Z. i | 8 107a y the executive -- of New Hampshire ~- maybe I should ask your S gtvensany whether it's a question of state law. May there be an agreement of this kind without approval ot tne -Regisiature of New itampshire? HR. BRADLEY 3 Your Honor, the position of tha State of Maine ki that this is not an agreement; it’s merely a . sugyssted judicial resolution which the Special Master has the { | | | | | ! i | | ; | power to enter as a proper exercise of the oriyinal jurisdiction. | QUESTION: I know, but it dspands, dovs it not, upon | the cornzents of both the Statue? | MR. BRADLEY: Your Honor, it's not a consent to which both States ware bound, as we have seoa by tho actions and” | behavior ef the State cl New HMempunire in this case toacay, naa neithaur Stuts has fruit —ae enforce it on their Citliens of the citizens of other Stutes. Lt had he binding eff ct eatla 1 Waa adopred by the court end entured. Salte 45 xrzally our reafonse to ons OF tha tsavye-iwae the Uosectal Mastar hee nade. QUMATION: Do wa have befors us tha casa of an ery Whatever you call it, cansent, or what, jolutly Bubmitted by ths two States? bo we have that etill? . HR. BRADLEY: . It is «w tlhe which the New Hampshire legislature doses not agrees vith aid ene agrecd with it. Neither State could agree with it through the political . process... The counael for ke . States, through the httorney Generals’ offices,made a determination that this was the appropriate interpretation throughlegal principler of the decree and suggasted it to thn Special Master. ‘they have not indicated that they don't agres with it. They have just found 108a the answers - the Master's reasons for rejecting it unanswerebie. I don't take it. thet that maans they rejected it. Tisey are just finding that if he is cote, that they would assert a different line in this case. That is, if he is correct about rejecting thalweg and the lack of jurisdiction of th» court, that they would have applied tho principles differently to obtain a different line. But it made no stacement about whether they rejact - : QUESTICN: Ja the ship channel you refered to an axtificlal channel that has been drsdysd out? HR. BHELIEY: I really don't kaow ths aiywer, your Honor. I tetiows that se*s -- | QUESTION: Is it markad by sila MR. BRADLEY: It's murked by buoy in Gosport lisrbor. It's marked by ths range lines in Fiscatugua Rivec which exe Lights connecting so ik tectonee can doterming whsther ; they are on the main channel as they coe into the river. QUESTION: Is thers eny euthority from this Court és to whether a proposed copsent decres needs the ratification -of the legislative branches of the two States? MR. BRADLEY: Yes, your Horncr, I believe thet there 109a . owen ee av o fe 6 & *'® a ee feel. that _ case of Virginia v. Tannessee determined _—_— : all compacts and nppeananss require legislative “approval, me that only when the sitios have dons evarything they oan ‘to bind thanselves to an agresment ‘chat leyislative approval is required. ~ “QUESTION: ‘in, that*e congressional approval. Is that legislative -~- I was thinking in tacms of what sort ‘of “authori zatiga do counsel reprosanting two Statss in an original action in Mie Court need in order to consent? MR. BRADLEY: I think New Hampchice's &newor to chat in its motion to support tha jurisdiction of a Special Mastar to ube ths consunt ducrez which was filed with the Special pastor, and I ilkieke dor‘ t. heave it in my mind, the principles, _— they have anciiscud that with respsct to thaix authorLty ard du texwined ne that time that their Atirorm._ General did have etwas te antsy it. C(UESTION: what Jf pots oF tise Stute:ss, If the sw States unterad tuto the agreumunat which you Lave enutsres REG 620d tne. Woes. tv GS said 61: the cxrsyinel action by stipulation ot beth parties, ‘than therw would ba no ociginal action Lett, would these? MR. SRADEEE : That's right, your Hunor. questioN Would ine terms of that agreenont, Chases entered into between the two States,present probleny of a becteasdasty b% 4 citizens of cne State or the other alected . ° ?v il .. mot to comply with it? -. MR. BRADLEY: Yes, your Honor. I believe -- 4 ' QUESTION: That's why you want this Court's action, Zz take it. ~ MR. BRADLEY: Yes, your Honor. There is no question ‘that if: agreement was reached outside the context of your ; exercise of regional jurisdiction, that wa would have to find _ congressional approval under Article I, Section 10, the “-” compact clause. The point that I started to make with Mr. Justice Dehazuist was that the only tims that is reyuired once the original jurisdiction has been exercisad,is never required once iis: eked jurisdiction has been exercized, bscauis nothlag the partiss do in tha context of ths exercise binds than until - the Court has exercised its judicizl power. In the cas6é that I cited, Varginia VY. VEMNNALUBSr, . 148 °'U.S. 503, the Glates of Virginia ond TounssGgae cuiored Into preliminary boundary eyreament prior to entering into binding boundary agrecuent, and the Court uatureliy held that all compacts aad SP samen don’ t requixe congressioual approval nat ‘it's only when the States do somsthing tiat actualiy binus thenselves indepandent of the juciciary, I believe, or outsides ths conte:rt of original jurisdiction, that the approval of ‘Congress is requixed. And that is consistent withthe ‘reasons that sinaientanit approval is required in the first place, 1104 12 sels ie : Madetious to protect the United States’ interest insite compacts and -agreements by the States which would affect Federal interests. It has been held a long time in this Court that the exercise of judicial power is a satisfactory substitute ' for congressional .approval when original jurisdiction is exercised. And we leitch that the Court has jurisdiction to enter tha decree in this case. QUESTION: ‘What action, if any, has either of the legislatures taken on this? MR. BRADLEY: Tho Stats of _ legislature has taken no action. ‘ihe State of New Hampshire, both Houses, as I understand, havs# passed concurrant resolutions rejecting the Gecres, but has not passed any luw which is binding on thum. And that's the matter of thair State law which I -- | avesrron: But your lagislature hus iia nothing. 2 : M2. BRADLEY: Our leyislature hs9 dons nothing. QUESTION: Mr. ested: az the Spacial Master had accaupted the consent dacree, .wouid the location of thu lins hava bean eolf-evident? Would the decree Liself have identified the precise Location of the -- | MR. BRADLEY: “Yes, your Honor, the decree doss, which ia the location of th.. thalweg and the determination of the thalveg and the straight line portion of the boundary ' . by latitudes and lengitudes. QUESTION: And the .ttorney General of New Hampshire | 13 112 : then agreed at one time to the location of the line. | | MR. BRADLEY: ~, your HONOr ¢ in filing that notion . for joint judgment, he indicated that he not only agreed with it, bu it was the appropriate application of law and fact i it was din the best. interest of the State of New oes cara | at that ‘ae $ | QUESTION: General, could you tell me what legal . principle will support this straight line in the harbor? ' MR. BRADLEY: The principle which supports. it is the principle of main channel or thalweg- QUESTION: You don't really suggest that on the weer that's where you would find the thalweg.. You haven't aioe ‘aiid to say where the thalwag is, have you? You have just: agreed that's where it is. MR. BRADLEY: Your Honor, we have pomrer to it, but we have agreed to it by reference to charts which indicate the depths of the water and the, what “4 understand -- QUESTION: © And it turns out to be a straight lina like | MR. BRADLEY: It turns out to be a relatively | straight -- that? | Ares Pe aaa tees | _ QUESTION: | That's the course that mariners sail, I | expect. ; “MR. BRADLEY: Yes, your Honor, it's definitely the course that mariners sail. 113a cg lille in | QUESTION: ‘That would bs it. | HR. BRADLEY: I heve to 2zdmit that I honostly don’t | know that it is exactly the adcopest part -- | QUESTION: Thalwag doesn't mean where mariners | sail, does it? Thalwag means the deepest part of the chennel. | "MR. BRADLEY: The main part of thse channel. | QUESTION: Mariners sail what‘s safe to sail and if a straight line iy mors convanient, they sail a straight line. MR. BRADLEY: ‘Ths indication that this is the safest place to gail and therefore the deepest is the largest vessels that come into the arsa stay right on that range lins ee ee ait the time they are coming in. They don't deviate from it. As a matter of fact, in talking to pilots we have had Sailinathons that there is very little -- QUESTION: ‘They don't need to deviate from it. It's deep enough for the deepest ships -- for the largest ships. MR. BRADLEY: In that place. QUESTION: On that line. MR. BRADLEY: Yes, your Honor. + ee ae nes ee ee | QUESTION: ‘Suppose we ware to conclude that the two parties ware mistaken in their agreawent that this was indeed the thalweg. eee “MR. BRADLEY: Yes, your Honor. QUESTION: The fact that you consented to it wouldn't: | 114a Os | pple >ude uc from saying -- | MR. BRADLEY: » No, your Honor. If you ducided -- QUESTION: That this waa not the thalveg. mr. BRADLEY: --that thalweg was the proper principle -- QUESTION: And the consont agreement should be rejected if what's to aati tha resolution of tha boundery dispute is the drawing of the thaliveg. MR. BRADLEY: I would egree that the consent decreas should be o= that the Court would have the power and should ‘jaye xeject the consent decree, but they shouldn't accept tlie Master's line. What they should do is send us hack for a full determination of the concept of thalweg and where it ieee lies on the ground. This is ons of the greatest prejudices to our hart axoadans we feel, sine we have had because of the . Naster' 6 decision without oral argument —- QUESTION: You are ‘going to get to re that he ‘adopted ‘the wrong principle? MR. BRADLEY: Yes, I am. “ QUESTION: —— wholly aside from the consent * decree. | MR. BRADLEY: Yes, your Honor. QUESTION: vrom the consent of settlement. MR. BRADLEY: Right. I am arguing the consent decree re hard because the Master has indicated that if you have enittenihditiies to enter it,that you should enter it and he hasn't felt it necessary to reconmend rejection cf the thalweg lins without -- : QUESTION: On what basis weculd wa na jurisdiction "Sto enter it? : 7 _ HR. BRADLEY: I think you have exercised your original juriadiction. QUESTION: T kao, cut would we not have to agree that this indeed is in law the thalweg? MR. BRADLEY: You would have jurisdiction, I believe, whether you a - not. You could still reject it as an inappropriate application of law to fact without respect to ycur jurisdiction. You could reject it certainly for other reasons than the lack of jurisdiction. | ' QUESTION: Suppose that you concluded that the 1740 -- or something in history indicated thet the thalwag was not the ’ proper basis. You think that the two States by agreenient -* gould adopt the thalwsg? ; ira 2 T - BRADLEY: No, your Honor, not in this -- QUESTION: “ that '. another ‘sinetidi that you might have to reject the consent decrees a. BRADLEY 1 Yes, it might be a reason for rejecting it. ‘The point ‘that we are making in this case is that every indication in the boundary proceedings was that thalweg was _moant when the oinn "middle" was used. ‘The Special Master has “referred to some of the evidence we refer to in our brief with Se ee eee reyard to the use of the channel in the Msrrimeck River and ; new: wth regard to desds reliad om by Maggachusstts which referred to the channel of Piscataqua. | There ara two coktcambein. though, that wore not cited in the brief or referred to by the Special Master wiiich si we think are a strong indication that channel was meant when the term "niddle” was used. ‘The first of these is the Charter of King Charles II to Rhode Island in 1664 which was issued just before the Charter issued to New Hampshire in 1679. That Charter is described in Rhode Islard v. setts at 37 U. S6 464, ‘and in that Charter,King Charles, the person who issued it -- one of thea boundary determinations that was in the Line title that the Boundary comisaioners | were determining indicated that the definition of “middle” was ‘channel. Thus when he was describing the location of see boundary between Connecticut and Rnods Island to the “south, he indicated that it want to the niddle or to the channel of a river there ‘commonly oxutien and known there = the name of ‘pemnbinct We think this is a ‘iidieseeasiaiaiaicet indication that thalweg was in vogue and being used at the timo the decree was entered. | The Master has seized upon the use of the word “the half" .in New Hampshire's petition for appeal as apparently the strongest basis for adopting geographic middle. And we found a passage in Belknap, History of New Hampshire, which indicates oo meme emma. « — ° ° ee yee — -—_- _Massachi= , So . 3 “4 é | 4 18 117a _ how insignificant the use of "the half" is in a description of that boundary. Thus, it is clear that the State of New Hampshire in authorizing the appeal didn't use the word “the half." The only tima it was used is by thse Solicitor for the State of New Hampshire who was someone who had been hired and was in England and filing papers before the King's counsel _in the petition for appeal. and the passage in Belknap which is very, very short I would just like to read because it describes the relationship between the Solicitor in England and New Hampshire's actual intention. And he says: “They oblige us to make bricks without straw. Abova all, why did they not send a copy of their own appeal? For want of it, I have ion forced to guess what that appeal was from loose passages in Mr. see: Dattatee.* So the Solicitor who used the word "the half" had to guess at what New Hampshire was doing back in the colonies. He didn't have any direct information . from New Hampshire when he used the word “half:" We beliave this undercuts the Master's strong lines on thew use of the word halt ° _to determine geographic middle. QUESTION: Mr. Bradley, will you let us have tho page citation? © Ye nae have hasinenie finding that. a MR, BRADLEY: Gietadene. That's page 251, BelXnap's History of New Hampshire. Finally, I would like to also note on the use of the word “the half" in tha petition for sppeal was the second time mee wow .e owe Bide O OG: Oe, axa Pe hPa +08, s4° 2 a4 19. 118a | that New Heaspelsixe had used that word. The first tise they | used it, wher used it with regerd to navigational criteria : i and uct criteria based on gconetric concepts such as | gaographic middlg. ‘thus, in the boundary proceedings they ; indicated that the half of the Isles of Shoals was divided by ! the harbor or road which ley between. Now, this is a clear | referenca to navigational use of tha arsa and it's consistent with tha uss of thalweg or channel in the other portion of tlie mitt boundary and not with tho Master's adoption of a geometric concept to datermine the seueiika: ot the word "middle." I would like to reserve the rest of my time. MR. CHIEF JUSTICE BURGER: Very well. — Mr. Upt:on. pt ' ORAL ARGUMENT OF RICHARD F. UPTON ON BEHALF OF PI.AINTIFP MR. UPTON: Mr. Chief Justice, and mey it please the Court: In arguing for New Hampshire, I would like first to touch on a sole exception to the Master's report and then answer the arguments just made by Mr. Bradley regarding the consent decree. “New ‘the question of law presented by New Hampshire's sole exception is this: Was the Master correct in. ruling that ‘it was ‘proper for him to use low-tide elevations, that: is, { | rocks protruding only at low tide, in the Piscataqua River | as points. of reference from which to calculate the geographic middle of the river. And we argus that this ruling was incorrect, the uss of low-tida ctavanivns. —— QUESTION: You affimnatively support ths rest of the Master's dacree? MK. UPTON: Yes, you Honor. QUESYION: Including his dacision that the geographic middle is os right division in the river? - MR. UPTON: Your Honor, that is our position. QUESTION: Although it wasn't. MR. UPTON: But the geographic middle, wa believe he is correct in this rule. They think he has located it - improperly. “QUESTION: I undarstand that, but as a principle, you think the geographic middle is the right principle. | MR. UPTON: We do. In my raply brief I have argued the point as strongly as I know how with citations to the proceedings of ths Boundary Commissioners in the appendix. 50 wa have eniy ‘oie complaint with the Master's — QUESTION: Is it your position -~- what is your position? ‘Do you think that determination would preclude or did. prealude the two States from an agreomént? | MR. UPTON: Your Honor, the agreement was based on an entirely bk eterant concept of law. ‘Counsel. were dealing then in terns of thalweg and trying to ied -- QUESTION: Having decfded that the geographic middle “ 21 120a ds the correct legel principle historically in this Gituation, you think thet thu States were then disentitled to ayxrve Pd otherwise? | | Hk. UPTON: I think thai now ws ae tha Master's . findings on thet; we never tried to agree on this point in sur agreemsnt. We never covered this in ovr negotiations. QUESTION: I say that, since the Ps for ths eyreement falls out, the agreement falls ovt. : MR. UPTON: Yes, your Honor. QUESTION: Whether or not your legislature approval is required. MR. UPTON: That's our position. So we argue that he was incorrect in calculating and locating the geographic middle of the river in using these low-tide elevations, and in particular a submerged rock off “Whaleback Reef. This is the one thing which divtozxts the Situation so much boecause Whaleback Reaf is a tiny rock, one- third of the way out into the river. It dossn't qualify as an island. It can't be assimilated to the coast au an island -« nder any of the “tests this Court has adopted in United States v. z oat Louisiana, 394 U.S. recently. It's a distortion of geography to say that's part of the bank of the river at low tide. | .: Quesriow: I am looking at the chart which is” appended to was excsptions and brief filed December 23... Where is Whaleback Rsef found? . - r - a 22 121a MR. UPTON: No. 3 in black ink is Wialoabeck Pest, the figure 3, just to the left of the line marked "Closing ‘line of -harhor.* es , QUESTION: TI don't sow that -- the line dessn't go fron there, ine. MR. UPTON: No, but wo ware informed in the footnots on pases 42 and 43 in the Master's report, the bottom of paga 42. The way the median line is calculated is to run arcs to - the compass to nearest points. lie said, "the significant- points eke ieee Harbor are those low-tide elevations and low water lines on either side of tha harbor that are neérest each other,” and he mentions Whaleback Reef, there. He gives: that as a point of referanca in calculating the median line. We say that was error. QUESTION: He doesn't uss that itself as a headland point. | MR. UPTON: No, your Honor. He uses it as a point of reference in calculating the median line of the river. QUESTION: I sec. _And this chart shows, as I under- stand it, the difference in the boundary line that would result if you are correct in this' exception. | ” MR. upTow: If I am correct, yes, your Honor. As the Court can sea -- : is QUESTION: What is the difference between points A a and B there? ES OO ~~ "ee ote 23° 122a MR. UPTON. 350 yards. It makes a difference because it deflects the straight line boundary all tha way from there up to the Isles of Shoals, uw distance of six miles. fhe deflection of that line at that point, 250 yards, makes « difference of 300 acres to New Haupshire over the whole ar@a, QUESTION: Would the lines be parallel? ‘MR. UPTON: een are not; they converge, your Honor, at one point at- the Isles of Shoals. It's a long V-shaped gore. QUESTION: I see. | QUESTION: Mr. Upton, since you are interrupted, I am kind of new at this kind of litigation. What is ‘the standard of ‘review that we should apply in deciding how gross the error of the Master must be before we take another look -at it? MR. UPTON: As I view it, the Master's report is entitled to a strong prosumption of correctness, QUESTION: So it's not enough for you merely to persuade us. that he might have done a better. job. MR. UPTON: ‘If he- committed an error of law, of course, questions of law may always be corrected in this Court, QUESTION: I didn't understand you to contend that it would never in any situation be approprasate to use these low-water projections, whatever they are called. You are just ee ow = Cee ee ee PR. VOR NBS tJ de 123a . Saying in this particular case they are inappropriate. MR. UPTON: I say, your Honoc, that it's ccntrary to any of the precedents in international law that I have been able to find. It's contrary to the the precedents in _international law that I have been able to find, it's contrary to the holdings of all the writers in this field thut we have cited on pages 7 to 9 in our brief, and it's contrary to the holdings of this Court in United States ¥. Louisiana. QUESTION: wee those holdings on particular fact situations, or do you read those as saying as a matter of law it’s never appropriate to use the standard? . WR. UPTON: Your Honor, one of the tests they use is that proposed by Mr. Boggs, the former Geographer of the State Department,to draw parallel lines from the end of each offshore formation to the shore. And if the amount of water area between the island or offshore formation and tle shore ds greater than the offshore formation, then it can't be assimilated to the shore and used as a point of reference. In this situation, this is obviously too small and too far removed from the shore to qualify under that test. And I understand that approach is almost a question of law. Now, both parties have in their bricfs gone farthor than to argue merely the point of whether a measurement should . be made from these offshore formations, whether they are properly a part of the bank of the river from which one should 25 124a measure, and we have gone into the analogy of various articles of the Geneva Convention of the Yerritorial Sea . Now, we may have cumplicated matters hy doing this, but we fcel obliged to go into it because the Master did. And he used it to justify what rr done hcre. | XY think it all stems from Article XIi of the Geneva Convention of 1958, which states that the territorial sea outside of internal waters saa be divided between States whose coastlines are adjacent by the median line principle, measured from the nearest points on each State's baseline. Now, the Master has apparently applied this analogy to internal waters, because we are here in internal waters snekie the closing line of the harbor, Whether one looks at it by Maine's standpoint or by! New Hampshire's standpoint. But I urge to the Court that if we are to apply -this anihouy of international law to internal waters, it ought to be done with extreme care, and with an eye tothe real purposes of tlie convention. To do it, we waist to consider Maine and New Hampshire as foreign States having opposing coastlines on : @ach side of the river. But:this is a vory narrow river. It's a little over a mile and a half wide at the mouth, and it narrows down as we go further inland. Now, how would coastal baselines be drawn on each side of the river from - which to measure the median line or boundary? And we say that if this analogy.is to be ¢ollowed at all, Article III should ——EeEeEeEeEeEeEeaEamEeaEeEeEeaa>a>EEaEOEOeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee ee Oe ee eae ee eee 26 125a_ be used, that is, the normal baseline follows the low-water line on the mainland, that islands should only be considered part of the shore if they qualify in the tests of United States v. Louisiana, that is, if their size and closeness makes them xeally an integral part of the mainland, and that the use of low-tide elevations, that is, rocks exposed only at low tide as part of the base line, is optional under international law and to use these as measuring points in such close waters is apt to create distortion and unequal Givision of the waters of the river. And that's just what it would do if this happens. “I think it is demonstrated. At the very least, a low-tide elevation should not have more influence than an island, but if the Master is correct, he would be giving it that effect, and we say that that was his principal error. Otherwise, we have ‘no objection. . to his report. ‘Now, Maine has referred to Article IV of the Convention which is an optional method of drawing long, straight. baselines. It's optional, not mandatory. And it was fathered by the decision of the international court of justice in the anglo-Norwegian/ fisheries . -case in 1951. It's optional. It : applies to the peculiar coastline that was found off Norway with many ‘deeply indented’ ‘Siinte. It's not appropriate to apply by analogy to closely bounded internal waters, and the decision was never accepted by the United States Government. Oe ee ee i oe mo 1 27 26a In fact, although it was azavocated by California, it was not followed in United States v. California, and to use this method and to use Whaleback Reef would cause much more thsn a@1l5 percent departure from the general direction cof the main shore, which was the maximum thought permissible in the Anglo-Norwegian case. Now, turning to the point that occupied the Court's attention when Maine was arguing the rej [Text truncated at 120,000 characters. The full text is on the page linked above.] --- Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/brief%3Amicro_IA40386018_0961%3A10. Public record. Not legal advice.