# Petition for Writ of Certiorari — H. P. Y., Inc. v. Puerto Rico

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URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/brief%3Amicro_IA40386018_0889%3A1

## Record

- **Collection:** Supreme Court brief
- **Document type:** Petition for Writ of Certiorari
- **Published:** January 1, 2000
- **Citation:** 531 U.S. 823

## Text

992017 JUN 15 2000

No.——— OFFICE OF THE CLERK

IN THE
Supreme Court of the Anited States

H.P.Y., INC.,
Petitioner,
Vv.
COMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO, et al.

Respondents.

On Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the
Supreme Court of Puerto Rico

PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI

Of Counsel: SHELDON S. TOLL
(Counsel of Record for
JUAN J. RAMIREZ-R. Petitioner H.P.Y., Inc.)
PEDRO E. ORTIZ-ALVAREZ GREGORY J. DEMARS
JOSE F. RAMIREZ HONIGMAN MILLER SCHWARTZ
AND COHN
2290 First National Building
Detroit, Michigan 48226
June, 2000 (313) 465-7582

WILSON-EPES PRINTING CO., INC. - (202) 789-0086 - WASHINGTON, D. C. 20001

LIST OF RESPONDENTS

THE COMMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO; Luis A.
Acevedo Santiago; Oscar Acevedo Vega; Carmen M. Acosta;
David Acosta Cruz; José A. Acosta Cruz; Iris Acosta
Santiago; Rail Albizu Cruz; Andrés Albizu Rosado; Tomas
Albizu; Antonio Alc4zar Cruz; Antonio Alcdzar Martinez;
Antonio Alc4zar Martinez; Carmen Alcd4zar Martinez; Maria
Mercedes Alers; Alfredo L. Alfonso Mujfioz; Alfredo L.
Alfonso Mufioz; Alfredo L. Alfonso Mufioz; Daniel Alicea
Cossoles; Rigoberto Alicea Dapena; Mariano Alicea Davila;
Mariano Alicea Davila; Carmen Almodévar; Carlos
Almodévar Diaz; Jaime Almodévar; Maria Almodévar; Luis
Almodévar Montes; Francisco Almodévar Vega; Francisco
Almodévar Vega; Miguel Alvarez; Reymundo Alvarez
Torres; Carmen Antonetti; Eddie Aponte Alicea; Harry
Aponte Alicea; Miguel Aponte Alicea; Luis Aponte Davila;
Roberto Aponte Rangel; Ramén Aponte Torres; Luis Arce
Almodévar; Luis Arce Almodévar; Maritza Alvarado; Miguel
Alvarez Quiles; Elizabeth Arce Borraro; Lilliam M. Arce
Diaz; Roberto Arce Irizarry; Jaime Arciliares Hernandez;
Pedro J. Arroyo Rivera; Luis G. Arroyo Santiago; Mercedes
Arroyo Santiago; Carmen Dalic Astacio; Carmen D. Astacio
Cornier; Juan Aviles; Edgar L. Aviles Rodriguez; Gilberto
Ayala Mufioz; Marisol Ayala Rivera; Julio Ayala Rodriguez;
Angel Badillo Figueroa; Eleuterio Béez Lépez; Luz C.
Bajanda; José E. Barbora Vega; Elfas Batista Gonz4lez; Félix
Batista Gonzdlez; Santos Batista; Gilberto Batiz Irizarry;
Adelaida Batiz Rivera; Maria Bauza; Maria M. Belfort
Rodriguez; Milagros Belfort Rodriguez; Francisco L. Bello
Ortiz; Carmen I. Bernazard Méndez; Carmen I. Bernazard
Méndez; Juanita Blanco; Daniel Boffil Santana; Daniel Boffil
Santana; Jaime Burgos; Justino Caballero Miura; Wilfredo
Caban Aroche; Librado Cadiz; Wilfredo Camacho Rivera;
Edgardo Campos; Ramén Campos Morales; Agustina
Candelaria; Sandra Candelaria SAnchez; Ramén L. Candelaria

ii
Vega; Nahir Cappa Rupert; Edwin Cappello Santos; Carmen
E. Caraballo; Carmen Nolia Caraballo; Madeline Caraballo
Pabén Generoso Caraballo Rodriguez; Walter Carablanca
Vargas; Angel Carlo Semidey; Awilda Carrero Estrada;
Angela Carrillo Pagan; Luis A. Carriédn Santos; Domingo
Cartagena Colon; Ana M. Cartagena Padilla; Walter
Casablanca Vargas; Angel Casiano; Julio Castillo Veitia; Luis
Castro de Hoyos; Elba Castro Leén; Edwin Castro Torres:
Edwin Castro Torres; Edith Cadeno Cadeno; Francisco
Cadeno; Francisco Cadeno; Eric Chigliotty Rodriguez;
Francisco Cintrén Arroyo; Moisés Cintrén Diaz; Carlos
Cintron Ferrer; Enrique Cintrén Rivera; Angel L. Class; Eric
Collazo Colon; Fernando Collazo Colon; Gerardo Collazo
Negrén; Rafael Collazo Torrea; William Colon Albino;
Aurelia Colon; Roberto Colon Camacho; Roberto Colon
Camacho; Candida Colon Cruz; Jorge A. Colon Garcia;
Aurelia Colon Leén Daniel Colon Marrero; Ernestino Colon
Medina; Roberto Colon Medina; Alberto Colon Negrén;
Néstor R. Colon; Isidro Colon Ramos; Nelson Colon
Sanchez; Carmelo Colon Serrano; Nilda Colon Serrano; Luz
A. Colon Torres; Luz A. Colon Torres; Miguel A. Colon
Torres; Roberto Colon Vargas; Héctor Colon Vega; Haydee
Conde; José Cordero Rios; Jestis M. Cordero Rosado; Ariel :
Cornier Gracia; Pablo Correa Cedefio; Luis Genaro Correa;
Reynaldo Correa; Luis Correa Rodriguez; José A. Costas
Pagan; Edwin Cruz Arce; Juanita Cruz Bonaparte; Victor M.
Cruz Bonilla; Fabiana Cruz Cortes; Santiago Cruz Garcia;
Héctor M. Cruz; Juan F. Cruz; Obed Cruz; Juan R. Cruz
Mercado; Minerva Cruz Robles; Samuel M. Cruz; Juan
Cuevas Cortez; Carmelo Cuevas Ramos; Ramén Cuoscut
Figueroa; Nancy Custodio Santos; Gilberto Davila; Luis A.
Davila Martinez; Edwin Davila Ortiz; Edwin Davila Ortiz;
Orlando Davila; Orlando Davila Ramos; Rafael Declet Mas;
Gerardo de Hoyo; Evelyn de Hoyo Santiago; Alberto de Jestis
Castro; Héctor L. de Jestis La Torre Wilfredo de Jestis La
Torre; Héctor L. de Jestis; Héctor L. de Jestis Pacheco; Lewis

ili
de Jestis Rivera; Félix de la Cruz Alvarez; Juan de la Cruz
Santiago; Celestino Delgado; Milagros Delgado; Celestina
Delgado Rivera; Marie del Valentin; Luz E. del Valle;
William del Valle; Basilio Diaz; Marta Yolanda Diaz
Baergas; Mirta Yolanda Diaz Bauza; José S. Diaz Colon;
Félix Diaz; Félix Diaz; Inés Echevarria; Lidia Echevarria
Gandia; Nilda Echevarria Lugo; Noemf Echevarria; Conrado
Echevarria Rosado; Inés Echevarria Santiago; Noemf —
Echevarria Santiago; Norman L. Escébales Pérez; Divina
Vargas Torruellas; Edwin Febles Cruz; Margarita Febus;
Adalfredo A. Feliciano; Radames Feliciano Cruz; Pedro
Fern4ndez; Carlos A. Figueroa Aponte; Gilberto Figueroa
Colon; Esmeraldo Figueroa Costa; Julio Figueroa Lépez;
Heriberto Figueroa Ortiz; Gilberto Figueroa Pabén; Juan
Figueroa Payon; Josefa Figueroa Plaza; Ram6én Figueroa
Plaza; David Figueroa Torres; Wanda Figueroa; Rudy Flores
Mufiiz; Ram6én Flores V4zquez; Angel Fraticelli Santiago;
Esther Fuentes: Esther Fuentes Hernandez; José A. Galarza
Feliciano; Cesar A. Gandia; Cesar A. Gandia; Cesar A.
Gandia; Cesar A. Gandia; Elsa Gandia Cruz; Elsa Gandia
Cruz; Ilia L Gandia Cruz; Jorge Gandia Cruz; Luis Garcia
Astacio; Noel Garcia Astacio; Francisco Garcia Burgos;
Domingo Garcia; Eneida Sidis Garcia; Aurea Garcia
Rodriguez; José L. Garcia Santiago; Migdalia Garriga Alers
Oscar Garriga Alers; Juan A. Garriga Rodriguez; Zulma
Garriga; Ennie Gigleotty Rodriguez; Ana Girod Nazario;
Félix Gémez Mangual; Pablo Gonzalez Almodévar;
Armando Gonz4lez; Maria M. Gonzalez Belfort; Erin
Gonzalez Cruz; Lucinda Gonzélez Dominguez; José
Gonz4lez Hernandez; Johnny Gonzdiez; José A. Gonzalez;
José L. Gonzdlez; Magda Gonzdlez; Maria Gonz4lez; Maria
R. Gonz4lez; Melvin Gonzdlez; Jeannette Gonzdlez
Martinez,, Maria L. Gonzdlez Mercado; Ramén Gonzalez
Mercado; Pedro Gonzdlez Montero; Noelis Gonzélez; Pedro
Gonzalez; José Gonzalez Rivera; Jorge Gonzalez Santiago;
Eliseo Gonzélez Santos; Hernan Gonzdlez Torres; Martin

iv

Gonzalez Torres; Miguel Gonzalez Torres; Jarry Gotay
Borrero; Jorge E. Gracia Martinez; José A. Green Marrero;
Ramén Guelmi Martinez; Hortencio Gutierrez Bizardi;
Gilberto Gutierrez Rivera; Angel L. Hernandez; Justino
Hernandez; Alfredo Hernandez Pacheco; Edgardo L.
Hernandez Rivera; Modesto Hernandez Torres Modesto
Hernandez Vargas; Palmira Iglesia; Roberto Irizarry
Betancourt; Antonio Irizarry Delgado; José L. Irizarry
Justino; Luz M. Irizarry; Ral Irizarry Montalvo Luis Irizarry
Natal; Nicolin Irizarry Rodriguez; Reinaido Irizarry
Rodriguez; Andrés Irizarry Yambo; Andrés Laboy; Elba
Leén; Efrain Le6n Oquendo; Sergio Leén Rios; Sergio Leén;
Digna Elia Leén Torres; Maria Leiro Ramos; Maria Leyro
Ramos; Benjamin Lépez Ada Mirta Lépez Caraballo; Oscar
Lépez Caraballo; Luis Lépez de Haro; Maria Lépez; Carmen
Lépez Gonzalez; Rail Lépez Quiles; Juan A. Lépez
Rodriguez; Maria M. Lépez; Concepcién Lugo Alicea; Daniel
Lugo; Jaime Lugo Echevarria Francisca Lugo Gonzalez; José
Lugo Gonzalez; Marta Lugo Rivera; Maria Lugo Rodriguez;
Miguel A. Lugo Vazquez; Angel Rafael Machiavelo; Carmen
Malave Diaz; Carlos Maldonado; Carlos J. Maldonado; Luz I.
Maldonado Marti; Luz I. Maldonado Marti; Naida Maldonado
Netron; Carmen Maldonado Pérez; Rafael Maldonado;
Eliezer Maldonado Torres; Rubén Marcucci Rivera; Alfonso
L. Mariel Arenas; Pedro Marrero Cedefio; Gladys Martinez
Alcazar; Noel Martinez Alc4zar; Felicita Martinez Barreto;
Maritza Martinez de Cedefio; Rafael Martinez Diaz; Rail |
Martinez Lugo; Maria M. Martinez; Elisa Martinez Pinedo

Rafael Martinez; Luis Martinez Rodriguez; Rosa Julia

Martinez; Rene Martinez Torres; Alberto Martinez Vega;

Justiniano Martinez Villalobos; Luis Martino Velez; Luis

Martino Velez; Francisco Mattei; Luis Mattel; Ramén Matos

Pérez Benjamin Medina Acosta; Franklin Medina Arena;

Basilio Medina Delgado; Gloria Medina Echevarria;

Benjamin Medina; Benjamin Medina Lépez; Gilberto Medina :
Pises; Edward Medina Rodriguez; Gilberto Medina |

:
q
7

" :
Rodriguez; José L. Medina Rodriguez Miguel Medina
Rodriguez; Luz Maria Mejias; Luz M. Mejias; Inés Mejias
Rodriguez; Juan R. Meléndez Colon; José Manuel Meléndez;
Manuel Meléndez; Raymond Meléndez Torres; Emilio
Mercado Almodévar; Ana Delia Mercado Pedro Mercado de
Jestis; Efrain Mercado Gonzalez; Jorge L. Mercado; Justino
R. Mercado Leén; Justino R. Mercado Leén; Maribel
Mercado Martinez; Nelson W. Mercado; Nelson W. Mercado;
Adelina Mercado Pérez; Ferdinand Mercado Rodriguez;
Gilberto Mercado Rodriguez; Juan Mercado Rodriguez;
Angela Merlo; Jestis Millan Colon; José Miranda Montes;
Héctor Molina Rodriguez; Javier Molina Rodriguez; Vidal
Montalvo Martell; Humberto Montalvo Ramos; Ricardo
Montalvo Rodriguez; Reinelia Montalvo; Sonia Montero
Alvarado; Israel Montero Cruz; Heriberto Montero; Manuel
Montero: William Montero; José A. Montes Garcia Feliciano
Montijo Garcia, Jr.; Aquilino Morales; Rafael Morales
Arroyo; Gilberto Morales Blanco; Santos Morales Echevarria;
Lazaro Morales; Heriberto Morales Maldonado; Arleene
Morales Marquez; Charlie Morales Martinez; Humberto
Morales Pagan; Juan Morales Rodriguez; Migdalia Morales
Rodriguez; Raymond Morales Santiago; Juan Morales
Villarini; Jorge Mufiiz Almodévar, Eugenio Muiiiz
Echevarria; Luis E. Mufiiz; Eugenio Mufiiz Mufiiz; Gelson
Mufiiz Mufiiz; Heriberto Mufioz Vazquez; Jaime Nadal Bove;
Harry Nadal Cruz; Wilfredo Nazario Rodriguez; Reyes
Nazario Santiago; Julio E. Negrén Gonzdlez; Hiram Negron
Ortiz; Juan Negrén Negrén; Ursulina Negr6n Rios; Grisell
Negrén V4zquez; Griselle Negr6én Vazquez; Juan Nieves
Guevara; Walter Nieves Madera; Blanca Nieves Nieves; John
V. Nieves Pérez; Roberto Nieves Velazquez; Antonio Nunez
Santos; Catalina Ocasio Carrero; José E. Ocasio; Héctor
Olavarria Figueroa; José Olavarria Figueroa; José Olavarria
Figueroa; Isaac Oliver; Néstor Olivera Olivera; Juan Oliveras
Figueroa; Francisco C. Oliveras; Lesbia Oliveras; Félix
Oquendo Figueroa Angel L. Orenge; Carlos Orengo;

vi
Marcelino Orengo; Luis H. Orengo Ruiz; Fernando Orsini
Bonet; Porfirio Orta Zayas, Julio C. Ortiz Alvarez Félix Ortiz
Arroyo; Juan A. Ortiz Arroyo; Claudio Ortiz Carrasquillo
Crucita Ortiz; José D. Ortiz Cruz; Félix Ortiz; Luis Julio
Ortiz Delgado; Félix J. Ortiz; Enrique Ortiz Figueroa Carmen
Ortiz Garcia; Eidel F. Ortiz Garcia; Heriberto Ortiz; José A.
Ortiz; Julian Ortiz L6épez; Migdalia Ortiz Morales; Francisco
Ortiz Oquendo; He iberto Ortiz Oquendo; Fernando Ortiz
Ortiz; Ram6én Ortiz Pabén; Rigoberto Ortiz; Rigoberto Ortiz;
Angel Ortiz Rivera Cristino Ortiz Rivera, Ana Ortiz
Rodriguez; José Ortiz Rodriguez; José Ortiz Rodriguez;
Octavio Ortiz Rodriguez; Angel L. Ortiz Torres; Elias Ortiz
Torres; Juan Ortiz Torres; Modesto Ortiz Torres; Modesto
Ortiz Torres; Rosa Ortiz Torres; Roberto Ortiz Vega; Maria
L. Pacheco Arroyo; Maria Luisa Pacheco Arroyo; Confesor
Pacheco; Miguel A. Pacheco Cruz; Maria Pacheco Montalvo;
Roberto Pacheco Montalvo; Milagros Pacheco Negrén
Andrea Pacheco Rivera; Angel M. Pacheco Rodriguez; José
A. Pacheco Vega; José Padilla Mufioz; Gabriel Padilla
Rosado; Abbedavi Padilla Vargas; Abbedavi Padilla Vargas;
Augusto Pagan Collazo; Delia I. Pagan,- Luz E. Pagan Diaz;
Milka Pagan Diaz; Elsie Pagan Miguel Pagan Garcia; Héctor
L. Pagan; Salvador Pagan Ramos, Elsie Pagan Rivera; Crucita
Pagan Roman; Carlos Pena Mercado; Héctor L. Pena Pérez;
José E. Pérez Batista; Ricardo Pérez Bermejo; José A. Pérez
Cruz; Carlos Pérez de Jesiis; Maria E. Pérez Feliciano;
Orlando Pérez Ferrer; Maria Pérez Hernandez; José A. Pérez;
Delvis Pérez Martinez; Orlando Pérez Oquendo; William
Pérez Padilla; José Pérez Rivera; Juan Pérez Rivera; Nelson
Pérez Rodriguez; Rosa Pérez Rodriguez; Rosa Pérez
Rodriguez; Luis A. Pérez Rosado; Marla Pérez Rosado;
Miguel A. Pérez Santos; Julio Pérez Torres; Leopoldo Pietri;
Gladys Piri Colon; Maria Plaza Cartagena; Miguel Plaza
Cartagena; Maria Plaza Maldonado; Jesiis Pratts; Francisco
Quintana Caraballo; Rafael Quintana Caraballo; Héctor L.
Quintana Ramos; Haydee Quifiédnez Hernandez; Josué

vii
Quifiénez Marquez; Néstor L. Quifiénez Rodriguez; Eliezer
Quifiénez Sotomayor; Lucia Quifiénez Vega; Angel L.
Quirindongo Vega; Edwin Ramirez; Alberto Ramos; Angel L.
Ramos Aponte; Angel Ramos Camacho; Juan Ramos Cruz;
Carmelo Ramos Gonzélez; Javier Ramos; Angel L. Ramos
Jusino; Maritza Ramos Jusino; Luis Ramos Martinez; Luis
Ramos Martinez; Heriberto Ramos Morales; Olga M. Ramos;
Orlando Ramos; Juan A. Ramos Rivera; Leocadio Ramos
Rivera; Rafael Ramos Roche; Rosa N. Ramos; Elison Ramos
Rosado; Ramén Ramos Rosa; Edwin Ramos Ruiz, Edwin
Ramos Santiago; Maria E. Ramos Torres; Basilio Ramos
V4zquez; Rafael Renta Garcia; Rigoberto Renta; Julia Renta
Soba; Luis H. Reyes Cruz; Maria Dolores Reyes; Maria
Dolores Reyes; Dominga Reyes Rivera; Esther Reyes Rivera;
Milagros Reyes Rivera; Salvador Rimola Monjes; José L.
Rios Delgado; Victor Rfos Echevarria; Milagros Rios Lépez;
Jaime Rios Martell; Jorge Rfos Medina; Jorge Rfos Molina;
Luis A. Rios Pérez; Maria Rios Rosa; Orlando Rivera Blasini;
Ana Rosa Rivera; Angel Rivera; Marta Rivera; Samuel
Rivera Caban; Annette Rivera Caraballo; Axtonio Rivera;
Carmen L. Rivera; Hipdélito Rivera Rafael Rivera Cruz;
Edberto L. Rivera; Hipdlito Rivera Feliciano Wilfredo
Rivera Feliciano; Carmen Rivera Gonz4lez; Manuel Rivera
Gonzalez; Juan J. Rivera Jiménez; José Rivera; José A.
Rivera; José A. Rivera; José A. Rivera Le6n; Luis Alberto
Rivera; Angel M. Rivera Martinez; Moisés Rivera Martinez;
José Rivera Mercado; Juana Rivera; Ana Rosa Rivera
Miranda; Daniel Rivera Morales; Jorge Wilson Rivera; Rosa
Rivera Negr6én Miguel Rivera Nieves; Norma Rivera Nieves;
Norma A. Rivera; Angel Rivera Oliveras; David Rivera Ortiz;
Melvin Rivera Ortiz, Pedro Rivera Ortiz; Roberto Rivera
Ortiz; Maria Rivera Pérez; Rosa M. Rivera Pérez; Edwin J.
Rivera Rios; Jorge Rivera Rodriguez; Alfredo Rivera Roman;
Rubén Rivera; Ana M. Rivera Rodriguez; Luis Rivera Saez;
Cecilia Rivera Sdnchez; Gabriel Rivera Santana; Cerafina
Rivera Serrano; Ana Celia Rivera Torres; Yolanda Rivera;

viii
Dimas L. Robles Ruiz; Andrés Robles Torres; Bernardo
Rodriguez Alicea; Alba Nerida Rodriguez; Ana Elba
Rodriguez; Bienvenido Rodriguez; Brenda L. Rodriguez
Aponte; José Rodriguez; Rafael Rodriguez Camacho; Ramén
Rodriguez Cedefio; Edelmira Rodriguez Cintrén; Pedro Juan
Rodriguez; Pedro Rodriguez Colon; Luis Rodriguez Cruz;
Pedro A. Rodriguez Cruz; Erasto C. Rodriguez; Maria
Rodriguez Diaz; José L. Rodriguez Escobar; Peter Rodriguez
Figueroa; Pedro Rodriguez Hernandez; Luis A. Rodriguez La
Torre; Luis Rodriguez; Manuel Rodriguez Luciano; Maria
Teresa Rodriguez; Iris Yolanda Rodriguez Maldonado;
Héctor Rodriguez Martinez; Héctor Rodriguez Martinez;
Nelson Belén Rodriguez; Norma Rodriguez; Rene Rodriguez
Ortiz; Pedro Rodriguez; Eduardo Rodriguez Quifiénez;
-Heriberto Rodriguez Rodriguez; Ramén Rodriguez
Rodriguez; Rosa Rodriguez; Rude) Rodriguez; Reinaldo i
Rodriguez Sabater; Angel Rodriguez Santos; Dionisio |
Rodriguez Torres; Luis Rodriguez Torres; Miguel Angel
Rodriguez Torres: Wandelin Belén Rodriguez; Lidia Rojas
Ramos; Lidia Rojas Ramos; Ana Roman; Iris M. Roman
Davila; Iris Milagros Roman; Iv4n Rosado Alicea; Ivan
Rosado Alicea: Carmelo Rosado Alvarado; Carmen Rosado
Carmen M. Rosado; Tito Rosado Alverio; Luis A. Rosado
Gallardo; Maria E. Rosado; Antonio Rosado Mendoza;
Alberto Rosado Rivera; Luis Rosado Rosado; Emilio Rosado
Vargas; Carmen Rosario Alicea; Eugenio Rosario Alicea;
Leonides Rosario Berrios; José L. Rosario; Rosa Rosario;
Rafael Ruiz Carcai; Elving Ruiz Colon; Emesto Ruiz; Maria
Ruiz Pacheco; Basilisa Ruiz Rodriguez; Cesar Ruiz
Rodriguez; Luis Sa4ez Toledo; Pedro J. Salcedo; Maria E.
Salinas Torres; Maria M. Salvedo Torres; Mildred Sanabria;
Francisca Sdnchez Garcia; Francisco Sanchez Garcia; Jorge
L. Sanchez Garcia; José Sanchez Garcia; Santiago Sanchez
Rivera; Josué Santana Caraballo; Agapita Santiago; Jorge
Santiago; Susana Santiago Alicea; Jorge Santiago Alvarado;
Jorge Santiago Gloria Santiago Artruz; William Santiago

_

EOE ore ————

ix
Borrero; William Santiago Casiano; Alberto Santiago Cruz;
William Santiago Delgado; Esteban Santiago; José A.
Santiago Figueroa; Julio Santiago Figueroa; Janira Santiago
Gandia; Waldek Santiago Gonzd4lez; Hernan Santiago;
Alfredo Santiago Irizarry; Jestis A. Santiago José A. Santiago;
José L. Santiago; Julio Santiago; Braulio Santiago Mejias;
José Santiago Mejias; José Santiago Meléndez; Ivan Santiago
Narvaez; Neftali Santiago; Rafael Santiago Pérez; William
Santiago Pérez; Lilliam Santiago Ramfrez; Carlos Santiago
Santiago; Julio Santiago Toledo; Milagros Santiago Vega;
Wilfredo Santiago Vidro; William Santiago; Edelmildo
Santiago Soto; Ivan Santiago Torres; Wilfredo Santiago
Vidro Zoraida Santini Plumacher; Marangely Santos
Camacho; Wolfrand Santos Camacho; David Santos Medina;
Edith Santos Medina; Migdalia Santos; Luis M. Santos
Molina; Juan Santos Santiago; Orlando Santos Santiago;
Roberto Santos Santiago; William Santos Vélez; José
Schmidt Sanjurjo; Maria Seda Oquendo; José A. Seda
Rodriguez; Arcadio Segarra Maldonado; Arcadio Segarra
Maldonado; José A. Serrano Borrero; Walberto Serrano
Borrero; Eulalia Serrano; Edwin Serrano Negrén; Ivan
Serrano Rivera; Eneida Sides Garcia; Ricardo Sierra Torres;
Ramén L. Silvagnoli Alfonso; Ram6n L. Silvagnoli Alfonso;
Gabriel Sosa Rivera; Wilfredo Soto Centeno; Héctor Soto
Gonzélez; Miriam Soto Gonzdlez; Jaime Soto V4zquez;
Jaime Soto V4zquez; Edith Soto Vega; Edith Soto Vega; Luis
A. Tiré Soto; William Toledo Medina; Norberto Toro
Méndez; Efrain Torres Acevedo; Juan E. Torres Archeval;
Emilia Torres Arroyo; Justiniano Torres Bonilla; German
Torres Caquias; Carlos M. Torres; Luis Torres Colon; Luz
Torres Colon; Wilfredo Torres Colon; Miguel Torres Cortes;
Manuel Torres Diaz; Miguel Torres Dfaz; Luis A. Torres
Diaz; Olga Torres Echevarria; Edwin Torres; Aurel Esther
Torres Feliciano; Zenaida Torres Gardenas; Félix Torres
Gonz4lez; Edwin Torres Guzman; José Torres Irizarry; José
L. Torres; Efrain Torres Lépez; Lupercio Torres; Idalis Torres

X

Marcucci; Idalis Torres Marcucci; Franklin Torres Marreiro;
Aitsa Torres Ortiz; Miguel Torres Ortiz; Nelson Torres Ortiz;
Orlando Torres Ortiz; Francisco Torres Otero; Angel Torres
Pagan; Alfredo Torres Pérez; Jackeline Torres Pérez; Jakeline
Torres Pérez; José Torres Pérez; Jekson Torres Quifiones;
Emilia Torres Ramos; Héctor L. Torres Ramos; Blanca Torres
Rodriguez; Ana L. Torres Rosado; Domingo Torres Torres;
Johnny Torres Torres; Nelson Torres Torres; Néstor L. Torres
Torres; Ram6én Torres Torres; Rosa Torres Torres; Angel
Torres Valentin; Miguel A. Torres Valentin; Virginia Torres;
Benjamin Torres Zayas; José D.C. Torres Zayas; Hiram
Torruellas Rivas; Ana Trias Pacheco; Aurea Troche Ruiz;
Miriam Troche Ruiz; Sara Troche Ruiz; Juan Tull Arroyo;
Anselmo Valentin; Ladislao Valentin Cora; Ladislao
Valentin; Ram6n Valentin Lao; Luis Valladares Jorge; Victor
Vargas Cantilares; José Vargas Cruz; Mercedes Vargas Cruz;
Ramon Vargas; Ramén Vargas Cruz; Héctor Vargas; Ismael
Vargas; José A. Vargas; Pedro A. Vargas Mercado; Pedro A.
Vargas Mercado; Miguel Vargas; Francisco Vargas Pagan;
Francisco Vargas Pagan; Victor Vargaz Canizares; Wilfredo
Vazquez Aguirre; Emildo Vazquez de Jestis; José M.
Vazquez; Wilfredo Vazquez Montalvo; Santos Vazquez
Mufiiz; Norma I. V4zquez; Alexander Vazquez Rivera;
Joaquin Vazquez Rivera; Alexis Vazquez Rodriguez; Edwin
Vazquez Rodriguez; Edwin Vazquez Rodriguez; Rafael
Vazquez Romero; Julio I. Vega; Miguel Vega Lugo; José M.
Vega Martinez; Ramén L. Vega Martinez; Mayra E. Vega;
Ismael Vega Ramos; Ismael Vega Ramos; Andalicio
Velazquez; Carmelo Velazquez Feliciano; Daisy J. Velazquez
Flores; Luis A. Velazquez; José R. Velazquez Mercado; José
R. Velazquez Mercado; Maribel Velazquez Rosado; Walter
Velazquez; Ismael Vélez Acevedo; Carlos M. Vélez; Dernis
Vélez Figueroa; Edelmira Vélez; Gloria I. Vélez; Noel Vélez
Rivera; Orlando Vélez Ruberte; Wanda Vélez Ruberte; Ana
E. Vera Colon; Eufemia Eileen conocida por Eileen Mercado
Parra; Adriana Luisa Mercado Parra; Eileen Maria Coffey

xi

Mercado; David Mario Coffey Mercado; Maria Luisa Wilson
Mercado; Margarita Maria Wilson Mercado; Richard Wilson
Mercado; Manuel Vidro Diana; Israel Vidro Zayas; Mercedes
Vidro Zayas; Juan Vila Castillo; José E. Villoch Ocasio;
Angel Zapata, ESTATE OF MARIO MERCADO RIERA -
composed by: (a) Eufemia Eileen a/k/a Eileen Mercado
Parra, (b) Adriana Luisa Mercado Parra, (c) Eileen Maria
Coffey Mercado; (d) David Mario Coffey Mercado, (e) Maria
Luisa Wilson Mercado, (f) Margarita Maria Wilson Mercado,
y (g) Richard Wilson Mercado; Maricely Zapata Ruiz; the
parties known as Fulano de Tal y Mengano de Cual, also all
other citizens that acted in concert or in accord with the above
mentioned codefendants and have joined in the land invasion
and have built structures in the property or reside therein; in
relation to the married defendants, whose spouses are
unknown are hereby identified and designated as Fulana de
Tal, John Doe; Fulano de Tal representing all the unknown
defendants; FULANO DE TAL and MENGANO DE TAL,
representing all those natural or judicial or legal parties whose
addresses and domicile are unknown and who may have
interest in the case; to the parties that were brought to the
jurisdiction of the courts by the public notice published in the
Puerto Rico newspaper El Dia on March 20,1986, in the
present judicial proceedings; as well as the certified class
whose default was noted on January 19, 1988; As well as all
those parties, natural and/or legal who may have an interest,
and who may have erected structures and/or had squaterred
and/or had caused damages to the property HPY, INC. (Case
Number CS851459)

QUESTIONS PRESENTED
1. Whether the rule of law prevails in Puerto Rico?

2. Whether denial, on grounds of unjust enrichment, of
property owners’ right to “just compensation” for structures
built by bad faith trespassers violates the Fifth and Fourteenth
Amendments of the United States Constitution?

3. Whether the Puerto Rico appellate court, lacking
statutory jurisdiction, erred in interfering with a final, binding,
and unappealable judgment, and disregarding a settled
stipulation of the parties?

(xiii)

XiV
PARTIES TO THE PROCEEDING

There are no other parties to this proceeding besides those
listed in the caption. Pursuant to Rule 29.1 of this Court,
Petitioner states that it is a Delaware corporation that is not
publicly traded, and it has neither a parent nor a subsidiary.
Petitioner is owned by United States citizens who reside in
the continental United States

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
QUESTIONS PRESENTED..............s.scssccsccscssessecsesserees Viii
PARTIES TO THE PROCEEDING. ............:cccccesseeeeeteee ix
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ............ccsccsssssssseereeeeeeeens xi
PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI................++ |
OPINIONS AND ORDERS BELOW .............:cccseesseeees 1
FU TN a ocssevcascencececeesssnssocacsesecveneceveansesneshenssnnes 2
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS AND STAT-

UTES DIVE VED oiniciseccsescscctccsisssccvesscssecssncesnencoves 3
STATEMENT OF THE CASE............:ccsccssseesseseeseereees | 4
REASONS FOR GRANTING THE WRIT................0+. 13
CE IIIS asesiicintencensinnnesnsedsinnecincssesasaninensaistiqnmnenste 19

(xv)

XVi

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
CASES Page
Amezquita v. Hernandez-Colon, 518 F.2d 8 (Ast Cir.

PPE Dvn ciscicrscdeesmnatahiumdiassiasian ch iaaapaehcadaaadamianiaaes me
Armstrong v. United States, 364 U.S. 40 (1960) ........... 14
City of Monterey v. Del Monte Dunes at Monterey,

Eg Tae WO es TE CE chive aictenvciedahianetesienesnsnaes 14, 18
Dolan v. City of Tigard, 512 U.S. 374 (1994) ............0. 16
First Evangelical Lutheran Church of Glendale v.

County of Los Angeles, 482 U.S. 304 (1987)............. 14, 17
Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp., 458

Sib SEED CRE brntniinvnsienircaciaddnheniaaiioiaeiabb sian >
Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon, 260 U.S. 393

CTE ss siicninirevisinipiniccaesiliialilieai dala neaimtaai a aie aa 16
Riviera-Rodriguez v. Popular Democratic Party, 45%

Riuiie 9: CI PMED As discussed below, the
Court of First Instance at Ponce later concluded that the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico agreed to acquire the private
properties, with all the consequence of accession,
compensation and appraisal derived from judgment and the
law.'°

'S This commitment is discussed in the decision of the Circuit Court of
Appeals of Puerto Rico dated August 27, 1999, at p. 25 (App. 74a). The
Commonwealth made a partial payment of compensation of $2,000,000 to
Estate of Mercado and H.P.Y., Inc., which was divided equally among
them.

'© Decisions of the Court First Instance, Ponce Superior Division
entered on August 5 and 14, 1998, App. at 31a and 34a.

11

On January 22, 1997, the Court of First Instance at Ponce
issued an order,'’ based upon a stipulation’® between the
Commonwealth and H.P.Y., Inc., designating Domingo
Raffucci, a former judge of the Expropriations Court, as
Special Commissioner to settle the following disputes: (a) the
value of the land as of the date of May 15, 1996; (b) the value
of the buildings located on the land, subject to determination
by the Court on the appropriateness of compensation; and (c)
the value of the infrastructure, subject to determination by the
Court on the appropriateness of compensation. Incredibly,
the Commonwealth reneged on its formal commitment to
acquire the land invaded by the squatters (including the
houses and the infrastructure). The Commonwealth’s
commitment had been embodied in a stipulated order, and the
order had become final, binding, and not subject to appeal.
However, the Commonwealth reversed its position, and took
the opposite position that its commitment was only to
compensate the owners for the land per se, not for the houses
or the infrastructure.

In July, 1997, the Special Commissioner submitted his
report on the appraisal of the 90 cuerdas of land belonging to
H.P.Y., Inc., determining that the value per cuerda of the 90
cuerdas of land (not including the illegally built structures)
was $37,982.16, for a total of $3,418,508.80. The Court of
First Instance, in its ruling of August 5, 1998,'° approved the
report submitted by the Special Commissioner, and in its
ruling of August 14, 1998, reiterated that the owners had the
right to just compensation for the invaded land and also for
the structures erected on the land, since these lands and

'7 App. at 25a.
'8 App. at 18a.
* App. at 3la.
20 App. at 34a.

12

structures belonged to them by accession,”’ as the trespassers
had acted in bad faith.

The Commonwealth appealed these rulings in a Petition of
Certiorari to the Circuit Court of Appeals of Puerto Rico on
October 5, 1998. Both H.P.Y., Inc. and the Mario Mercado
Estate opposed the appeal. On August 27, 1999, the Circuit
Court of Appeals of Puerto Rico issued a decision”, in which
it purported to set aside, without jurisdiction to do so, the
final and binding judgment of June 4, 1991, and improperly
amended the stipulation signed by the Commonwealth and
H.P.Y., Inc. more than two years previously. This decision
stated that the landowners, for reasons of unjust enrichment,
did not have a right to compensation for the trespassers’
buildings or infrastructure erected on their land (theirs by
accession). The Circuit Court of Appeals of Puerto Rico also
changed the stipulated date to determine the value of the
expropriated land to November 3, 1988, some 8 years earlier,
setting aside the date of May 15, 1996, which date H.P.Y.,
Inc. and the Commonwealth had stipulated to as the date to
determine the value.“ The Court did this unilaterally,
because the government, as appellant, never asked the date to
be changed. In addition, the Court of Appeals altered or
modified the contract of the parties as an appellate court and
not as a court of equity deciding the issue as a court of first
instance.

On December 2, 1999, Petitioner filed a timely petition for
appeal or certiorari in the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico from

?! This was the ruling in the final judgment dated June 4, 1991, App. at
16a. .

22 App. at 50a.
3 Stipulation dated January 17, 1997 (App. at 18a)
4 App. at 27a.

13

the decision of the Circuit Curt of Appeals of Puerto Rico.
On January 21, 2000, the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico
dismissed Petitioner’s petition. Thereafter, the Petitioner
filed two timely motions for reconsideration, the last of which
was denied by the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico on March
17, 2000.

REASONS FOR GRANTING THE WRIT

I. The Opinion Below Conflicts With Decisions of
This Court and the United States Court of Appeals
for the First Circuit, and Raises Important
Questions Concerning Fair Play, Protection of
Constitutional Rights, and Whether the Rule of
Law Prevails in Puerto Rico

Since 1987, this Court has been moving in the direction of
greater protection of property rights.*> Property rights, and, in
particular, rights in land, have always been fundamental to,
and part of, the preservation of liberty and personal freedom
in the United States.” In its recent decisions, this Court has
been taking a pro-privatist stance and strengthening the Fifth
Amendment’s takings clause.”” As a result, heightened
scrutiny must be applied to the decision of the Circuit Court
of Appeals of Puerto Rico in this case.

This case involves the largest known land invasion in
Puerto Rican history. The decisions of the appellate courts in
Puerto Rico, as they pertain to the facts of this case, raise

25 Hon. Leon D. Lazer, “The Supreme Court’s Land Use Decisions,” 11
Touro L. Rev. 421 (1995).

6 Callies, D. L., “Regulatory Takings and the Supreme Court: How
Perspectives on Property Rights Have Changed from Penn Central to
Dolan, and What State and Federal Courts Are Doing About It,” 28
Stetson L. Rev. 523, 526 (1999).

27 Watson, M. S., “The Scope of the Supreme Court’s Heightened
Scrutiny Takings Doctrine,” 20 Whittier L. Rev. 181, 209 (1998).

14

serious questions about whether the rule of law prevails in
Puerto Rico.” The right to just compensation for homes and
infrastructure built by bad faith trespassers contained in a
final, binding and unappealable judgment was abrogated by
an appellate court without jurisdiction. This decision
abrogated 100 years of statutory law in Puerto Rico.” In
addition, an appellate court freed one party from a contractual
Stipulation even though neither party sought a reformation in
equity before the lower court or the appellate court. The
result of the decision, if left unreviewed and unchanged, will
be that the Puerto Rican appellate courts have decided the
compensation question inconsistently with the requirements
of the Fifth Amendment,” First Evangelical Lutheran
Church of Glendale v. County of Los Angeles, 482 U.S. 304,
311 (1987)(California courts decided the compensation
question inconsistently with the requirements of the Fifth
Amendment).

Government action that works a taking of property rights
necessarily implicates the “constitutional obligation to pay
just compensation,” Armstrong v. United States, 364 U.S. 40,
49 (1960), quoted with approval in First Evangelical
Lutheran Church of Glendale v. County of Los Angeles, 482
U.S. 304, 315 (1987). When the government initiates

8 Senator John W. Warner of Virginia, in a speech on the Senate floor
last year, referring to trespassers who built houses at the U.S. Naval base
on Vieques Island, Puerto Rico, in a similar manner to this case, criticized
the “unrestrained civil disobedience, in defiance of law” in Puerto Rico, as
quoted in The Virginian-Pilot, Norfolk, VA, October 30, 1999.

9 See Statutes of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, 31 L.P.R.A.
§1165, cited above.

°° The Due Process Clause and other constitutional provisions are
Applicable in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico in the same manner as
they Apply to the States. Riviera-Rodriguez v. Popular Democratic Party,
457 U.S. 1, 7 (1982).

15

condemnation proceedings, it concedes the landowner’s right
to receive just compensation and seeks a mere determination
of the amount of compensation due, City of Monterey v. Del
Monte Dunes at Monterey, Ltd., 526 U.S. 687, 712 (1999).
H.P.Y., Inc. had acquired ownership of the buildings and
infrastructure built on invaded land by statute*' and by the
right of accession set forth in the final, binding and
unappealable judgment dated June 4, 1991.7 The Circuit
Court of Appeals of Puerto Rico disregarded the law of the
case, the statutes of Puerto Rico,” and, more importantly, the
stipulation of the parties to conclude, improperly, that the
doctrine of unjust enrichment prevented the Petitioner from
being compensated for structures built by bad faith
trespassers.

For Fifth Amendment and due process reasons, the Court
of Appeals of Puerto Rico could not revoke the rights to just
compensation for the buildings and infrastructure that had
already been acquired in a final and binding judgment. The
decision of the Puerto Rico Court of Appeals to deny

31 See Statutes of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, 31 L.P.R.A.
§1165, cited above.

32 App. at 16a. The decision of the Circuit Court of Appeals of Puerto
Rico dated August 27, 1999, at pp. 15-16, recognized that the Court of
First Instance on Jurs 4, 1991 “concluded that the properties had been
subject to illegal invasion and that the squatters did not have title to the
properties. It determined that the occupants were builders in bad faith,
since they did not have any right whatsoever to continue in possession of
their homes. The Court ordered eviction of the squatters from the
property.” (App. at 65a). However, the Court of Appeals chose to ignore
that ruling because of “the imposition on the Government of a payment of
millions of dollars for these items,” ibid., p. 38 (App. at 86a), clearly
violating Petitioner’s constitutional rights.

33 See text accompanying footnote 3, supra.

™ App. at 18a.

Re

16

Petitioner’s right to compensation for the buildings and
infrastructure also conflicts with the ruling of the United
States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit in Amezquita v.
Hernandez-Colon, 518 F.2d 8, 13 (1* Cir. 1975)(Puerto Rican
trespassers do not own homes built on invaded land,”® and
thus have no protected property or privacy interests). In that
case, it should be noted that the Commonwealth of Puerto
Rico had argued that squatters dc not own homes built on
invaded land, a position directly at odds with the
Commonwealth’s position in this case.

In addition, the Court of Appeals of Puerto Rico did not
have jurisdiction to review the judgment of June 4, 1991, for
reasons set forth in Article 4.002 of the Judiciary Act of
Puerto Rico” and Rule 32 of the Rules of the Circuit Court of
Appeals of Puerto Rico,’ because there must be a timely
appeal. There was no timely appeal by the Commonwealth of
the earlier judgment and, hence, the Circuit Court of Appeals
of Puerto Rico could not intervene in that judgment. It also
violated the principle of res judicata established in Article
1204 of the Civil Code of Puerto Rico.*®

The Circuit Court of Appeals of Puerto Rico seized on the
doctrine of unjust enrichment, because it thought that the
government’s obligation to pay Petitioner for, ithe buildings
and infrastructure would cost too much money.” ° Apparently,

5 See text accompanying footnote 3, supra, citing the statute “He who
builds. ..in bad faith on another’s land, loses what he has built...”

4 LP.R.A. § 22K.
*74 L.P.R.A. App. XXII, A, R.32.
%31 L.P.R.A. § 3343.

* The decision of the Circuit Court of Appeals of Puerto Rico dated
August 27, 1999, at p. 38, expresses concern about “the imposition on the
Government of a payment of millions of dollars...” (App. at 86a).

17

-

the Circuit Court of Appeals of Puerto Rico thought it was
protecting the public purse strings. However, such a purpose
runs counter to the constitutional requirement of just
compensation. This Court has made it clear that “a strong
public desire to improve the public condition [will not]
warrant achieving the desire by a shorter cut than the
constitutional way of paying for the change.” Pennsylvania
Coal Co. v. Mahon, 260 U.S. 393, 416 (1922), quoted with
approval in Dolan v. City of Tigard, 512 U.S. 374, 396
(1994).

The Circuit Court of Appeals of Puerto Rico, exceeding its
jurisdiction, also improperly changed the date of determining
the value of the expropriated land to November 3, 1988, some
8 years earlier, setting aside the date of May 15, 1996, which
date H.P.Y., Inc. and the Commonwealth had stipulated to as
the date to determine the value.” This decision was
erroneous for several reasons. This issue was not before the
court because the Commonwealth did not raise it on appeal.
The Commonwealth never sought to change the 1996 date.
Furthermore, the Commonwealth would have been precluded
from raising this issue on appeal by the doctrine of cases such
as United States v. Zenon, 711 F.2d 476, 478 (1" Cir.
1983)(Breyer, J.)(we hold appellants to the basic rule that an
issue not presented to the district court cannot be raised for
the first time on appeal). Here, the decision was more
egregious because the appellate court raised and applied this
theory sua sponte and without jurisdicticn.

A settled stipulation to use the 1996 date is a contract
between the parties, which obligates them to comply with
same. Thus, once the parties have consented, the stipulation
cannot be changed by an appellate court. Here, the stipulation
was not only an agreement of the parties, it was also approved

” App. at 27a.

18

by an order of the Court of First Instance in Ponce.*’ That
order became final, binding and not subject to appeal.

Finally, the valuation of property which has been taken
must be calculated as of the time of the taking, First
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Glendale v. County of Los
Angeles, 482 U.S. 304, 320 (1987). Between 1988 and 1996,
the Commonwealth maintained in the expropriation
proceedings involving Estate of Mercado’s 199 cuerdas of
land that it had no intention to expropriate the land of H.P.Y.,
Inc. Therefore, use of the 1988 date for a government taking
is inconsistent with the Commonwealth’s position in the
expropriation litigation.

Throughout the 15 years of litigation over this land
invasion, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has tolerated and
encouraged the illegal actions of the squatters, and obstructed
legal proceedings brought by the property owners, in effect
protecting the squatters for political reasons, in total disregard
of the law and Petitioner’s constitutional rights. It is highly
unusual for a government to protect trespassers. Thus,
Petitioner was treated in an unfair and irrational manner by
the government. See, e.g. City of Monterey v. Del Monte
Dunes at Monterey, Ltd., 526 U.S. 687, 699 (1999)(Del
Monte Dunes emphasized the shifting and sometimes
inconsistent positions taken by the city throughout the
process, and argued that it had been treated in an unfair and
irrational manner by the government). Add to this the fact
that the Circuit Court of Appeals of Puerto Rico modified a
final and binding judgment and amended a stipulation
between the parties, which had the approval of the Court of
First Instance at Ponce. These events violated the rule of law
that governs Puerto Rico in terms of property law, final and
binding judgments, and settled stipulations, resulting in

*! App. at 25a.

19

Petitioner’s constitutional rights being ignored and violated.
They raise troubling questions about fundamental fairness and
due process of law, which cry out for review by this Court.

CONCLUSION

Because the decision of the court below raises serious
questions about whether the rule of law prevails in Puerto
Rico and whether the question of compensation for a taking
was decided inconsistently with the requirements of the Fifth
and Fourteenth Amendments, a writ of certiorari should issue
to review the decision below. If left unreviewed, legal chaos
will continne in Puerto Rico with respect to property rights,
and whether appellate courts on appeal may interfere with
final, binding, and unappealable judgments, and disregard, or
modify and alter, settled stipulations of the litigants. This is
an opportunity for the Court to send a clear message that land
invasions will not be tolerated in Puerto Rico or elsewhere in
the United States.

Respectfully submitted,

Of Counsel: SHELDON S. TOLL
(Counsel of Record for
JUAN J. RAMIREZ-R. Petitioner H.P.Y., Inc.)
PEDRO E. ORTIZ-ALV AREZ GREGORY J. DEMARS
JOSE F. RAMIREZ HONIGMAN MILLER SCHWARTZ
AND COHN
2290 First National Building
| Detroit, Michigan 48226
June, 2000 (313) 465-7582

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/brief%3Amicro_IA40386018_0889%3A1. Public record. Not legal advice.