# Appendix — Board of Public Instruction v. Allen

> Briefs, arguments, decisions, and more.

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/brief%3Amicro_IA40385605_0959%3A1

## Record

- **Collection:** Supreme Court brief
- **Document type:** Appendix
- **Published:** January 1, 1971
- **Citation:** 402 U.S. 952

## Text

SUPREME COURT, U. S.

CISKRArT

No. 749 SEP 24 Bio

Supreme Court, U.S.
FILED

IN THE E, ROBERT SEAVER, CLERIC

Supreme Court of the United States

Ocroser Term, 1970

Boarp or Pusuic Instruction or Browarp County, Forma,
a public body organized and existing under the laws of
the State of Florida; and Wiuu1aM C. Dratner, Super-
intendent of Public Schools of Broward County,
Florida, Petitioners,

v.

Freperick ALLEN and TrmotHy ALLEN, minors by W.
Grorce ALLEN, father and next friend; and Von D.
Mrze.x, President of the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People, and all others simi-
larly situated, Respondents.

APPENDIX TO PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI
TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT AND MOTION

; TO ADVANCE

Cuar.es KE. PLepcer, JR.

Piepcer & MAHONEY
925 Washington Building
Washington, D. C. 20005

Wurm M. O’Bryan

Fiemine, O’Bryan & FLEMING
1415 East Sunrise Boulevard
Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33304

Epwarp J. Marxo

Menvez, SHaw, Marko & STEPHANY
1040 Bayview Drive
Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33304

Attorneys for Petitioners

Press or Byron S. ADAMS PRINTING, INC., WASHINGTON, D. C.

SS,

a

INDEX
Page

Findings of Fact, Conclusion of Law and Final Judg-
ment of April 30, 1970 in the United States District
Court, Southern District of Florida, Unreported .. 1a

Opinion Yiled August 18, 1970 in the United States
Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit, Not Yet Re-
OE oho ek us'n.v 50005000 80e45n0 ee eeenie 32a

Order of August 28, 1970 in the United States District
Court, Southern District of Florida, Unreported .. 47-.

School Superintendent’s Implementation Report of
August 24, 1970 (Attached to Aforementioned Or-
Oe OE A eu MOO kk cdo ch acakenecicerenets 54a

Order of September 4, 1970 in the United States Dis-
trict Court, Southern District of Florida, Unre-
DONG scncdeccuckdas sxnnuennsaunenasnsateee 99a

la
APPENDIX

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA

No. 70-31-Civ-TC

Freperick ALLEN and Timotuy ALLEN, minors, by W.
Gzorce ALLEN, father and next friend; and Von D.
Mize.1, President of the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People, and all others simi-
larly situated,

Plaintiffs,
v.

Boarp or Pustic Instruction or BROWARD County, Forma,
a public body organized and existing under the laws
of the State of Florida; and Wiuusm (. DRaINneER,
Superintendent of Public Schools of Broward County,
Florida,

Defendants.

Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law and Final Judgment
FINDINGS OF FACT

This school desegregation suit was brought b> the
father of two public school students and by the president
of the Broward County Chapter of the National Associa-
tion for the Advancement of Colored People against the
Board of Public Instruction and the School Superintendent
of Broward County, Florida, alleging, inter alia, denial
of equal protection under the Fourteenth Amendment to
the United States Constitution. The defendants operate an
urban school system of 116 schools and more than 112,000
students on the Florida ‘‘Gold Coast.’’ The school sys-
tem is growing at a high rate (8.1% from September, 1968,
to September, 1969), consistent with the growth of the
county, which is said to be the fastest growing major
county in the nation. Jurisdiction vests in the court under

2a

Title 28 U.S.C. § 1343(3) and Title 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983 and
1985.

The suit was filed on January 9, 1970, and the first hear-
ing was held on January 16, 1970, on the application of
the plaintiffs to restrain the defendants from maintaining
a dual system of public schools segregated by race and to
compel defendants to formulate and operate a unitary
integrated system of public schools.

This is the third such suit filed against the school board
in this court, though the two earlier suits resulted in
nothing definitive. One, styled Gay v. Board of Public
Instruction of Broward County, No. 67-725-Civ-CA, was
dismissed on March 10, 1969, by consent of the parties,
prosecution of the suit having languished. The other, styled
Hattie Hall, ete., v. Board of Public Instruction of Bro-
ward County, No. 10,820-Civ, was filed June 16, 1961, and
dismissed June 13, 1962.

At the January 16, 1970, hearing in this cause, the de-
fendants admitted and the court found by its order of
January 22, 1970, that they were not operating a unitary
integrated school system but were operating a dual system
of public schools segregated by race. Such dual systems,
organized and operated by the states acting through local
school boards, were held unconstitutional by the Supreme
Court in Brown v. Board of Education, 1954, 347 U.S. 483,
74 S.Ct. 686, 98 L.Ed. 873 (Brown I), and which were or-
dered abolished in Brown v. Board of Education, 1955, 349
U.S. 294, 75 S.Ct. 753, 99 L.Ed. 1083 (Brown IT).

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SSE Aida |S co te ED

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT

No. 30082

Frepertck ALLEN and TrmorHy ALLEN,
minors, ete., et al,

Plaintiffs-A ppellants-Cross Appellees,
versus

Boarp or Pustic INSTRUCTION OF
Browarp County, Fioripa, ete., et al,
Defendants-A ppellees,

Buancugzé Evy Hien Scnoon Parent
TreacHerRS Assoctation and IRENE S, CLARKE,
Defendants-A ppellees-Cross Appellants.

Opinion

Appeals from the United States District Court for the
Southern District of Florida

(August 18, 1970)
Before Gewin, Gotpserc and Dyer, Circuit Judges.
GopBerG, Circuit Judge:

We consider here the plan of desegregation ordered for
Broward County, Florida, by the district court.' The
Broward County School System is a county-wide system
serving a largely urban and rapidly growing area of the
Florida ‘‘Gold “sast.’? During the 1969-70 school year the
Board of Public Instruction of Broward County operated
115 schools to educate more than 112,000 students, approx-
imately 77 percent white and 23 percent black. Under the

1This appeal was expedited in accordance with the procedures
outlined in Singleton v. Jackson Municipal Separate Schoo! Dis-
trict, 5 Cir. 1970, 419 F.2d 1211, 1222 (en bane), rev’d in part on
other grounds sub nom. Carter v. West Feliciana Parish School
Board, 1970, 396 U.S. 290, 90 S.Ct. 608, 24 L.Ed.2d 477.

22 REO. ORTOUE GS 4

a | Sei OTE

33a

Board’s projections for the 1970-71 school year, 116 schools
will educate more than 118,000 students, approximately 78
percent white and 22 percent black. A substantial percent-
age of the students in the Broward County system are
transported to and from school by bus.

The present desegregation suit was filed by Negro
plaintiffs on January 9, 1970. The first hearing to consider
this action was held on January 16, 1970. As a result of
facts adduced at that hearing the district court found that
the Board was operating a dual school system. The Board
was ordered to file by February 16, 1970, ‘‘a comprehen-
sive plan to establish a unitary school system’’ in Broward
County. The court suggested that the Board, in formu-
lating its plan, consult with the Florida School Desegre-
gation Consulting Center at the University of Miami.

A plan was duly submitted, objections were filed with the
court, and a hearing was held on March 3, 1970. At that
hearing the court expressed the view that it needed more
information to measure the plan against constitutional
standards. The Board was directed to ‘‘consult and coop-
erate with and accept the aid of’? the Florida School De-
segregation Consulting Center in revising its plan ‘with
special emphasis on eliminating the remaining all-black ele-
mentary schools.’’? The Center was requested to make a re-
port with recominendations ‘‘designed to assure a desegre-
gation plan which meets the constitutional standard of a
unitary system.”’

Pursuant to the court’s directives, the Board filed an
amended plan and the Center submitted its reeommenda-
tions. The principal difference between the two proposals
was in their approach to the problem of desegregating all-
black and overwhelmingly black elementary schools. The
Center suggested use of school pairing as a means of de-
segregating these elementary schools, but the Board’s plan
rejected pairing. The plan submitted by the Board merely
amended some of the discretionary zone lines which had
previously been proposed.

POI PT ET Oe

A
TP

i

ene ef

ual iste

A Sd ERE

PALER DGGE ANNE LAP A LAL FEL Oe Fe PON 6 A ICAAGIOND

34a

The court held a hearing on April 3, 1970, to consider the
Board plan and the Center’s proposal. At that hearing the
court heard the views of the Board, the Center, the plain-
tiffs, and various parties who had been allowed to inter-
vene. On April 30, 1970, the court entered its final order.
With regard to the hotly disputed issue of student deseg-
regation in the elementary schools, the court’s order re-
jected the Center’s approach and accepted the boundaries
of school attendance zones as proposed in the Board’s
amended plan. From that order plaintiffs have perfected
this appeal. An appeal has also been taken by intervenors,
Blanche Ely High School Parent Teachers Association and
Irene S. Clark.

THE DISTRICT COURT’S ORDER

With respect to faculty, staff, transportation, extracur-
ricular activities, and facilities, the desegregation order
entered by the district court on April 30, 1970, is unexcep-
tional and is not challenged by any of the parties. Except
for the problem noted in the next paragraph of this
opinion, the order is in compliance with all of our Single-
ton? requirements, including the requirement that faculty
and staff members be assigned in such a manner that the
ratio of whites to blacks in each school is substantially
the same as the ratio of whites to blacks in the entire
system.* The order further provides for a bi-racial com-

2 Singleton v. Jackson Municipal Separate School District, 5 Cir.
1970, 419 F.2d 1211 (en bane), rev’d in part sub nom. Carter v.
West Feliciana Parish School Board, 1970, 396 U.S. 290, 90 S.Ct.
608, 24 L.Ed.2d 477 (per curiam) (reversal limited to the issue of
timing of student desegregation).

* The court’s order also noted that the school board, apparently on
its own initiative, had made plans to conduct an extensive orienta-
tion program to prepare faculty and staff for the advent of de-
segregation. We are inclined to agree with the Board that
‘‘[a]lthough Singleton did not require such an orientation pro-
gram, obviously one is necessary if the unitary school system plan
is going to work.’’ Brief of Appellees at 9.

<> ay mrad

35a

mittee of twelve members—six blacks and six whites—to
be appointed by the court to make recommendations to
the Board with respect to such matters as ‘‘the opera-
tion of [the] majority to minority pupil transfer rule,
the transportation system, and selection of school sites.’?
The record indicates that this committee has been ap-
pointed, and it is apparently functioning now.

Although the parties have not put it in issue, we note
one deficiency in the district court’s order. This deficiency
has to do with the majority-to-minority transfer provi-
sion. The order approves the following transfer rule:

1. Any pupil, with parental consent, shall have the
right to transfer from a school at which his race is
in the majority to the next nearest school at which
his race is in the minority and the board shall fur-
nish free transportation provided the distance in-
volved meets state transportation statutes.

2. Other reassignment requests will be considered pro-
viding the request does not involve the transfer of
a pupil [from a school] in which his race in the
minority to a school in which his race is in the
majority.

Fe Tee Pe My ht aR RN oe Ma RD aan

This provision is not entirely in accord with our recent
decisions. See Hightower v. West, 5 Cir. 1970, F. 2d
-.-» ... [No. 29933, July 14, 1970, slip opinion at 14];
Carr v. Montgomery County Board of Education, 5 Cir.
me, ... BB. ie 29521, June 29, 1970, slip
opinion at 9]; Davis v. Board of School Commissioners of
Mobile County, 5 Cir. 1970, ... F.2d ...,... fNo. 29332,
June 8, 1970, slip opinion at 10]; Singleton v. Jackson
Municipal Separate School District, 5 Cir. Wi, ... FF.
2d ..., ... [No. 29296, May 5, 1970, slip opinion at 11].
On remand the district court’s order must be modified to
make it clear that (1) any pupil shall have the right to
transfer from a school at which his race is in the majority
to any school (not just the next nearest school) at which

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NVI NOLLVE OT GAY DOO LOD Td NVALAO8

99a

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA

No. 70-31-Civ-TC

Frepertck ALLEN and Timotuy ALLEN, minors, ete., et al.,
Plaintiffs,
v.

Board or Pusiic Instruction oF Browak¥ County, FLoripa,
ete., et al.,
Defendants.

Order we

Hearing was held before the court on September 2,
1970, from 4:30 to 8:45 P.M. pursuant to the court’s order
of August 28, 1970, directing the School Board and School
Superintendent to (1) make certain alterations in the
School Superintendent’s implementation report of August
24, 1970, to comply with the Fifth Circuit Court’s school
desegregation plan of August 18, 1970, and (2) to submit
to the court a list of necessary matters yet remaining to
be done and the time needed to accomplish them in order
to implement the August 18, 1970, order of the Fifth Cir-
cuit Court of Appeals and as implemented by orders of
this court. Hearing was also had on the motion of inter-
venor T. Minton Baughman, of intervenor Arthur Allen
Harris, et al., and Vinkemulder and Murray, et al.

The School Superintendent submitted revised plans for
assignment of classes to the various grouped/paired schools
(Defendants’ Exhibit 6) and no objection was made by
other parties to such revised assignment schedules.

The School Superintendent submitted a plan for imple-
mentation of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals order of
August 18, 1970 (Defendants’ Exhibit 5). This plan em-
braces some 35 pages and in addition contains charts and
much detailed data as to what is necessary to implement
the plan. Various department heads on the school board
staff then testified in support thereof and were interro-

& Me ae

100a

gated by the court and cross-examined by plaintiffs’ coun-
sel. Although the written plan calls for implementation
costs of more than 2.6 million dollars and a minimum im-
plementation may be had at much lower cost and in far
less time.

Most of the implementation of the Fifth Cireuit Court
plan may be made on an emergency basis within the thirty
days time suggested by plaintiffs, although, of course, the
orderly preparation for the education of the children in
such areas as adjustment of curriculum and _ in-service
teacher training cannot be carried out within that time.
Particularly distressing, for example, is the situation that
arises in the grouping of schools in which one is presently
used predominantly for children of migrant laborers un-
der a special federal grant, where the teachers have been
specially trained, and curriculum devised to supply de-
ficiencies in culturally deprived children, many of whom
are slow learners; where the second school in the group
was built without classroom partitions under the new
‘open school’? concept, coupled with team teaching and
specially trained teachers and substantial obliteration of
grade levels as applied to the teaching materials and cur-
riculum so the child may progress in accordance with his
capacity and inclination; and where a third school, of
older vintage, uses the traditional grade levels and con-
cepts. There does not appear to be sufficient discretion left
to this court under the Fifth Cireuit order to make allow-
ances for these educational differences.

One area which makes the immediate implementation of
the Fifth Cireuit Court order physically impossible is that
of transportation of students, unless of course the school
children who are more than two miles from the school
which they will attend and thus under state statute en-
titled to free transportation, shall be left to furnish their
own transportation.

The system now transports 33,000 students with 102
busses of 75 student capacity each on regular routes, and 30

aa ty Sa NCR Beit + = GRAN EPS

10la

busses of 60 student capacity and with special lifts and
equipment for the transportation of physically and men-
tally handicapped children. These special busses also
carry regular students in order to make maximum use of
capacity. There are 20 spare busses of the regular model
and two spares of the special model. These spares are used
to substitute for busses undergoing maintenance and for
emergency runs when busses are broken down. The busses
each make five round trips per day, the opening and clos-
ing times of the various schools being staggered in order
to make this maximum utilization of the busses possible.
This year the drivers began leaving on their routes at 5:00
and 5:30 A.M. and the last of them return at 6:00 and 6:30
P.M., the drivers averaging eight and one-half to nine
hours per day on the road. There are now 152 drivers. All
are women except one. There are 17 new drivers who have
just completed the required 30 hours training and are
ready to begin driving on a bus route; two drivers will
take qualifying road tests this week; one applicant has
passed her aptitude, health, ete., requirements and is ready
to begin training. The hiring by the transportation depart-
ment is a continuing proposition and there are no pending
applications by qualified persons although much advertis-
ing for drivers is done. The drivers receive $2.40 per hour
in the beginning with increases up to $3.75 per hour.

The additional students to be transported under the
Fifth Cireuit Court plan will be 11,671, requiring 57 new
busses, each to be used on three round trips per day. All
of these students meet the two mile statutory requirement,
although there are many students residing less than two
miles from their schools who should be bussed because of
the safety factors.

The last busses ordered by the School Board were de-
livered in eight months though prior orders took one year
for delivery. Busses could be leased by the School Board
on a temporary basis but none would be available in less
than four months according to the information the school

oa CRI LE Le I le

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RW Da MS SBOP on BLS Tn

ik eae aie Se A aS ona ee

102a

transportation supervisor could secure and report to the
court in the time available prior to the hearing. The super-
visor also reported that none of the local bus or trans-
portation companies she had inquired of could supply the
need. It would be reasonable to assume, however, that
further wide ranging and determined inquiry may disclose
the availability of suitable transportation within some
period less than the four months reported. The acquisition
and training of new drivers must be left to the ingenuity
of the School Board and its staff.

In the area of assuring safety to the students, particu-
larly in walking to and from schools, it was necessary in
implementing the district court plan of April 30, 1970, to
have 26 new traffic signals installed by the various cities
and by the county, to build 12 or more sidewalks, to install
fencing on certain canals and traffic arteries which pre-
sented special dangers to the school children. A similar
volume of work in this area must be done to implement the
Fifth Cireuit Court plan, but it would seem that an all-out
application of the school staff to this difficulty would solve
most of the problems with the exception of securing new
traffic lights by some of the cities by the beginning date for
implementation of the Fifth Circuit Court plan.

It would appear that other areas which must be treated
to implement the plan can be done on an emergency basis
prior to the beginning date for the change-over to the Fifth
Circuit Court plan. Accordingly, it is

OrDERED and ApsupceED that:

1. The amended alternate ‘‘A’’ plans of the School Su-
perintendent submitted August 31, 1970 (Defendants’ Ex-
hibit 6) are approved by the court and shall be imple-
mented by the School Board and the School Superintendent.

2. The School Board and the School Superintendent shall
immediately take all action necessary or desirable to im-
plement at the earliest possible time the August 18, 1970,

8 ated Sa

103a

order of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals and the orders
of this court of August 28, 1970, and this order. The neces-
sary changes shall be made in stages where practical and
where such procedure will result in an earlier desegrega-
tion of the schools and the establishment of a unitary sys-
tem of schools; that is, it may be possible to implement
student desegregation for one group or pair of schools
because of the availability of transportation or for other
reasons at an earlier time than the desegregation of an-
other group or pair of schools. In any event the Fifth
Circuit Court plan shall be fully implemented not later
than November 15, 1970.

3. The petitions to intervene of Baughman and Harris
are denied without taking testimony on the merits, and the
petition of Vinkemulder and Murray, et al., having been
included in the School Superintendent’s amended plan, is
granted.

Done and Orperep at Miami, this 4th day of September,
1970.
/s/ Ted Cabot
Tep CaBot
United States District Judge

---

Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/brief%3Amicro_IA40385605_0959%3A1. Public record. Not legal advice.
