# Appendix — Dade County School Board v. Pate > Briefs, arguments, decisions, and more. URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/brief%3Amicro_IA40385605_0957%3A1 ## Record - **Collection:** Supreme Court brief - **Document type:** Appendix - **Published:** January 1, 1971 - **Citation:** 402 U.S. 953 ## Text Bae ee a ae ae 2B NBS OAT ONS IS eS ain erg SUPREME COURT, U. S. in the NOV 5 1970 Supreme Cours. ox of the Ginited States October Term, 1970 7 No. 936 s DADE COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD, et al., Petitioner, v8. HERBERT PATE, et al., Plaintif f-Respondent. APPENDIX TO PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT GEORGE C. BOLLES BOLLES, GOODWIN, RYSKAMP & WARE 1410 N. E. Second Avenue Miami, Florida 33132 Attorneys for Petitioner MIAMI REVIEW — 371-4853 — 877-372] in the Supreme Court of the Gnited States October Term, 1970 No. DADE COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD, et al. Petitioner, v8. HERBERT PATE, et al., Plaintiff-Respondent. APPENDIX TO PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT App. 1 APPENDIX RELEVANT DOCKET ENTRIES Dated Mandate of Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals.... Aug. 12, 1970 Attached as Exhibit A Memorandum Opinion Approving De- Segregation Plan for Dade County Public Schools With Modifications and Final Judgment... June 26, 1970 Attached as Exhibit B Supplemental Order Approving De- Segregation Plan for Dade County Public Schools, as Modified, and Amended Final Judgment... July 24, 1970 Remand to District Court ......___ June 5, 1970 Order Arr ointing Bi-Racial Committee ___ Aug. 10, 1970 Dade County School Board’s Desegregatiun Plan ...... (Sscaisadipisttiseeitilenntictalll Mar. 31, 1970 Department of Health, Education and Wel- fare Plan submitted to Court May 15, 1970 Order Approving Interim Desegregation Plan for Dade County Public Schools... Aug. 29, 1970 Order Approving Teacher Integration Plan and Denying Motion by Intervenors for Immediate Pupil Integration .....__ Jan. 26, 1970 App. 2 RELEVANT DOCKET ENTRIES (cont.) Dated Certificates of City of Miami, City of Coral Gables, City of Miami Beach and Board of County Commissioners submitted at February 3, 1970 hearing as Defend- ant’s Exhibit 10 Feb. 2-3, 1970 Testimony 2/2/70 re History of Desegrega- tion in Dade County Feb. 2, 1970 Oral Findings of Fact of hearing on Feb- ruary 8, 1970 Feb. 3, 1970 ON Sia ee Apr. 16, 1970 School Board’s Reply to Memorandum Opin- ion and Motion for Rehearing of ............ July 6, 1970 Order Requesting Supplemental Report ........ July 10, 1970 Reply to Order Requesting Supplemental Report July 20, 1970 Amendment to Reply To Order Requesting Supplemental Report (Amending Ex- hibit App. 16 school. The district court properly rejected the C.T.A. plan (Appendix “A”, p. 20). We, therefore, find that there is no feasible method of desegregating this school. However, many of its students will have attended elemen- tary schools which are desegregated under the modifica- tions heretofore set forth. B. T. Washington Junior High (1646 Negroes, 224 whites) is bordered on the south by two 100%-white junior high schools — Citrus Grove (1679 whites) and Merrittt (1005 whites). The three schools are only two miles dis- tant at the farthest point. Many students who live closer to Citrus Grove and Merritt are zoned into the Washington zone. It is therefore ORDERED that Washington be de- segregated : (1) by pairing it with Citrus Grove, or (2) by grouping it with Citrus Grove and Merritt. Under either alternative, the resulting racial composition is desirable. The allocation of grade levels and students among the three schools is to be determined by the board. Again, those objections to grouping or pairing raised by the board and given recognition in the district court’s opinion (Appendix “B”, pp. 15-17) cannot stand as valid reasons for not desegregating the B. T. Washington Junior High School. Allapattah Junior High School (1480 Negroes, 0 white) is located in the center of that concentration of the Negro elementary schools discussed above. However, to the east and south, and contiguous thereto are Miami App. 17 Edison (745 Negroes, 500 whites, grades six through eight) and Lee (105 Negroees, 1095 whites, grades seven through nine) both of which are within two miles of Allapattah. It is ORDERED that these three schools be grouped. Again, the board’s objections to this grouping (Appendix “B”, pp. 17-19) cannot be recognized here. However, since the grade levels attending these three schools vary, the difficult problem of student allocation within the three schools’ capacities is left to the expertise of the board. It is also possible that, with approval of the district court, the board may devise a rezoning plan involving these three schools, or some other plan that effectively desegrates the Allapattah school prior to the commencement of the 1970- 71 school year. The district court is directed to implement the grouping plan discussed above for the 1970-71 school year if an alternative plan from the board which effec- tively desegregates Allapattah is not forthcoming. The fourth and final all—or virtually all-Negro junior high school in Dade County is Brownsville (1440 Negroes, 0 white) on the western portion of the concentration of Negro schools in central Miami. To the west and con- tiguous thereto is Miami Springs (282 Negroes, 1283 whites). On the basis of reasons which have heretofore been rejected, the district court concluded that the Browns- ville school could not be desegregated (Appendix “B”, pp. 19-20). However, these reasons, being unacceptable to this court, do not prevent the desegregation of the Browns- ville school by either of the two following methods: (1) by pairing Brownsville with Miami Springs, being two and one-half miles apart, or (2) rezone both zones so that the Miami Springs zone is extended into the Brownsville App. 18 zone, taking one-half of Brownsville’s Negro stu- dents (approximately 720 students) and placing them in the Miami Springs zone. Likewise, the Brownsville zone lines are to be extended into the northeastern area of the Miami Springs zone so as to take into the Brownsville zone approximately 720 white students. This rezoning would involve only a small amount of additional traveling for the students affected thereby. Carver Junior High School has been effectively de- segregated by the board’s pairing plan, approved by the district court (Appendix “A”, pp. 21-23). Senior High Schools There are only two senior high schools in the Dade County system which remain all—or virtually all-Negro under the board’s plan. Miami-Jackson (2193 Negroes, 387 whites) has been effectively desegregated under the district court’s direc- tion that attendance zones of Miami-Jackson and Miami Senicz High be strictly adhered to (Appendix “A”, pp. 24-25). The HEW report reveals that if these two attend- ance zones were made firm, approximately 1,000 more white students would be attending Miami-Jackson. The district court is therefore dirccted i» insure that the school board’s policy which allows transfers under an “affidavit of attendance” be halted, that the attendance zones be strictly adhered to, and that only those transfers be al- lowed which follow the majority-to-minority policy as set forth in the district’s opinion (Appendix “A”, pp. 26-27). App. 19 Miami-Northwestern (2690 Negroes, 0 white) is the remaining all-Negro senior high school. The district court’s rejection of the C.T.A.’s campus grouping plan is supported by substantial evidence that such a plan would call for extensive additional bussing. HEW made no recommenda- tion as to this high school. We find that there is no feas- ible method of desegregating this high school. It is a large school in the center of the Negro school portion of central Miami. Of the four surrounding senior high schools, three are desegregated and the other is over five miles away. However, many of its students will have attended either a desegregated elementary or junior high school. The dis- trict court is directed to insure that the board make the majority-to-minority transfer policy known and readily available to the students attending this school. DEFICIENCIES TO BE REMEDIED In conclusion, one of the six criteria which go to make up a unitary school system has been left unsatisfied. The district court is directed to implement the above modifica- tions in Dade County for the 1970-71 school year, sup- planted only by modifications submitted by the board within sufficient time to be effectuated by the commence- ment of the 1970-71 school year which achieve the same or a higher degree of desegregation as achieved by the above modifications. It is not intended by this opinion that the district court be deprived of its discretion to adjust our modifications and any subsequently submitted by the board. Its discretion is limited, however, to the extent that no adjustments may diminish the degree of desegregation required by this court. Of course, the school board and the district court are under a continuing duty to appraise the system in the light of actual conditions and experience and, App. 20 within the limits we have just indicated, make whatever changes as are required to assure the maintenance of a unitary system. The mandate herein shall issue immediately and no stay will be granted for filing Petition for Rehearing or Petition for Writ of Certiorari. This cause is remanded to the district court for pro- ceedings not inconsistent with this opinion. AFFIRMED in part; REVERSED in part with di- rections. [TITLE OMITTED] MEMORANDUM OPINION APPROVING DESEGREGATION PLAN FOR DADE COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS WITH MODIFICATIONS AND FINAL JUDGMENT This school desegregation case presents the issue of whether the Dade County School System is now unitary within the meaning of Supreme Court decisions in Alex- ander v. Holmes County Board of Education, 396 U.S. 19, 90 S.Ct. 29, 24 L.Ed.2d 19 (1969) ; Green v. County School Board of New Kent County, 391 U.S. 430, 88 S.Ct. 1689, 20 L.Ed.2d 716 (1968) and the decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in Single- ton v. Jackson Municipal Separate School District, 419 F.2d 1211 (5th Cir. 1969). The case sub judice had its genesis on August 25, 1969 when the Dade County School Board (hereinafter App. 21 the Board) removed to this Court a civil action filed in the Circuit Court of the Eleventh Judicial Circuit In and For Dade County, Florida, which attacked, on state grounds, an Interim Desegregation Plan adopted by the Board. That plan was approved by an order which I entered on August 29, 1969. On December 10, 1969, pursuant to the mandate of Singleton, supra, I entered an order which, inter alia, di- rected the Board to take steps, not later than February 1, 1970, to comply with the provisions of that decision re- lating to the Desegregation of Faculty and Other Staff, Majority to Minority Transf_r Policy, Transportation, School Construction and Site Selection and Attendance Out- side System of Residence. In its Final Desegregation Plan filed March 31, 1970, the Board specifically delineated its compliance with the above requirements of Singleton, supra, and with Green, supra, with respect to extracurricular activities and facil- ities. There has been no complaint regarding any of these particular elements which go to disestablishing a dual school system by any of the many objectors. Accordingly, the Court must assume there has been compliance in these areas. Thus, there remains only a determination of whether the composition of student bodies meets the necessary tests. Hearings were held on January 23, May 22 and June 12, 1970 on the proposed plan and objections. Findings of Fact made in the Order entered January 26, 1970 are incorporated herein by reference. App. 22 The Board urged at the hearing on May 22 that its plan came within the purview of a true “neighborhood system” as defined by Ellis v. The Board of Public In- struction of Orange County, Florida, ___F.2d____., (5th Cir., 1970) (Slip Opinion No. 29,124 dated Feb. 17, 1970). I find otherwise. Because of the criteria demanded in Ellis, as further delineated in James Andrews, et al. v. City of Monroe, et al., ___F.2d___, (5th Cir. 1970) (Slip Opinion No 29,358 dated April 23, 1970), such a plan is infeasible in Dade County. Clearly, the inflexible Ellis standards are not present in the system proposed by the Board. The criteria used in reviewing, and modifying where indicated, the Board’s plan were: (1) degree of desegre- gation, (2) proximity of students to schools serving their grade level; (3) capacity of such schools; (4) manmade and natural boundaries such as thoroughfares, railroad tracks, etc. and (5) avoidance of cross-bussing. The Board will operate in the school year 1970-71 an urban school system of 218 schoo's and 244,000 students in the southeast corner of the Florida peninsula. Of this number, 57,900 or 23% will be Black. There are some 26 communities in the County, all of which project westerly from the Atlantic Ocean which forms the eastern boundary. The plan filed by the Board on March 31, 1970 re- flects a substantial effort, made in good faith, to create a unitary school system. However, under the guidelines laid down for this Court by recent decisions of the Fifth Circuit, the plan as it exists must be held to be ineffective in disestablishing the dual school system. App. 23 By an order entered April 16, 1970 the Florida School Desegregation Consulting Center, School of Education, Uni- versity of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, was requested to review the Board’s plan and all objections filed to it. The Center was asked to report its recommendations to the Court with the stated objective of meeting the constitu- tional standard of a unitary system. The report from the Center was filed by the Department of Health, Educa- tion and Welfare (hereinafter HEW). The HEW plan limits its recommendations, except in one particular, to the elementary schools. That one excep- tion concerns Miami Jackson High School which will be 85% black under the Board’s plan. Leave to intervene was granted to some persons who objected to portions of the plan. The Dade County Class- room Teachers’ Association (hereinafter CTA), represent- ing approximately 75% of the teachers in the system actively participated as an intervenor. It urged, in gen- eral, a much more substantial increase in the mixing of the races, particularly at the junior and senior high school levels. The American Civil Liberties Union proposes that the Court require a fixed ratio in every school in the County. The law does not require such drastic action to achieve a unitary system. The objections filed by other intervenors will be considered below. The Court is indebted to intervenors Honorable Claude R. Kirk, Governor of Florida, and Honorable Wil- liam C. Cramer, a Member of Congress from Florida, for submitting briefs on the subject of bussing as it relates to integration. App. 24 Wide publicity was given the HEW report. This has resulted in a plethora of letters, telegrams, pictures, maps and petitions being sent to the Court from parents of children who, presumably, would be affected by the HEW changes. Virtually all of these expressed no opposition to integration per se but adjured the Court not to require their children to cross highways, waik past nearby schools to attend one farther away, or enter so-called “ghetto” areas to attend school. I have given careful consideration to these objections vis a vis my duty to effect a unitary school system in Dade County. They have been very help- ful in understanding the problems of each school. PUPIL ASSIGNMENTS The plan submitted by the Board allows 20 schools to remain with 100% Black enrollments. Additionally, there will be 16 schools with various percentages of Black en- rollments ranging from 99% down to 85%. There would be 53 schools with all White enrollments and 40 schools with percentages ranging from 99% to 85%. The plan submitted by HEW would bring below 85% Black enrollment five 100% Black schools and seven 85% to 99% Black schools. At the same time three 100% White schools and ten 85% to 99% White schools would be brought below 85% White enrollments. The HEW plan makes no recommendation for chang- ing the Board plan on the junior high and senior high levels. Hence, fifteen 100% Black schools (11 elementary, 3 junior high and 1 senior high) and nine 85% to 99% Black schools (7 elementary, 1 junior high and 1 senior high) will remain under the HEW plan. App. 25 With the modifications to be described below the School Board plan does effectively disestablish the dual school system which exists in Dade County. For the sake of convenience the Court will discuss the modifications it feels are necessary by reviewing the HEW plan in the same order as evidence was presented at the May 22, 7970 meeting. ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LEVEL SOUTH DISTRICT Group #1 The Board plan proposes what must be described as Square zones with a school somewhere near the middle of the zone. The HEW plan completely rezones the group of schools creating elongated zones. The HEW plan would re- quire additional transportation of 32 pupils to the Lewis School and 20 pupils to the Redondo School. Students liv- ing in the north section of the Lewis zone pass within 4 mile of two schools. Students living across the street from the West Homestead school will walk nearly two miles to the Redondo school. The HEW plan is unacceptable de- spite its effectiveness in disestablishing the dual school system in this District. The Court is at a disadvantage in making modifica- tions in the Board plan because it does not have the sta- tistical data necessary for informative decisions. The testi- mony reveals that the Cooper school is 113 pupils under capacity (2-4 classrooms) and the West Homestead school is 85 pupils over capacity. Page seven of the HEW plan shows Lewis to be exactly at capacity and Florida City to be over capacity by 90 students. It appears to the Court that the over capacity could be eliminated while encourag- ing desegregation of the Cooper and West Homestead App. 26 Schools by slight changes in the boundary lines of these four schools. The East-West boundary between Lewis and Florida City could be moved to the South by 90 students. The East-West boundary between Lewis and Cooper could be moved to the South and the North-South boundary be- tween West Homestead and Cooper could be moved to the West so as to equalize the capacities of those three schools. The School Board shall show cause within ten days of the date hereof why such a modification will not promote desegregation and is not administratively, economically or educationally feasible. Group #2 Again the School Board plan offers a zoning plan. The HEW plan would pair these three schools thus eliminating one predominantly White school. No additional transporta- tion would be required. The Bel-Aire School would he ap- proximately 30 students over capacity. However, the Administration feels this is a feasible alternative. The Court i aware that there are hazards along the line of travel t. the Moton School but feels that with a minimum of effort by the appropriate governmental agencies these hazards could be reduced. Nevertheless these hazards should not impede what is otherwise an effective plan. The School Board is directed to adopt this modifica- tion. Group #3 The Court agrees that there is no feasible method to desegregate the Pine Villa School. | | | | | I PT Pe errs App. 27 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LEVEL — SOUTHWEST DISTRICT The Board plan leaves the Martin School with a 100% Black enrollment. It phases out the Lee School which prior to the 1969-70 school year was an all-Black School but which was as of June, 1970 a school with 72% Black en- rollment. The HEW plan offers no solution to the Martin problem and defers to the Court on the wisdom of phasing out the Lee School. Again the Court is without sufficient statistical] data. The record shows that as a school housing grades 1 to 5, Martin will have an enrollment of 1,025 students. The sixth grade is housed at the Richmond Heights Junior High School. There are seven portables at the Martin School. The Colonial Drive School houses grades 1 thru 6 with a projected enrollment of 720 students, 27% of whom are Black. The Court notes what appear to be large un- developed areas between the two schools on the south side of Coral Reef Drive. The Board shall show cause within ten days of the date hereof why the Martin and Colonial Drive Schools cannot be paired. Emphasis should be directed at encour- agement of desegregation, administrative inconvenience, relative capacities and additional transportation required. Since the May 22, 1970 hearing the Court has granted intervenors Corbett and Ellis a rehearing so that they might offer testimony on the phasing out of the Lee School. Testimony was taken on June 12, 1970. 2 Aa Pa RN ES Nl a sO IN EES cig ES idle URE RRL SS AIDS BS ty BH App. 28 The School Board has made the determination that the pairing of Lee and Ludlum in the 1969-70 school year was a failure. The Court agrees, it appears to be useless to at- tempt a pairing of Lee with any of the other neighboring schools. The Board plan eliminates the Lee zone and in effect drives wedges into the Black residential area sur- rounding the Lee School from each of four surrounding predominantly White schools. The percentages of Black students will now vary from 8% to 38% instead of 1% to 64% at the end of the 1969-70 school year. Nor does it appear that the phasing out of one of the four neighboring schools would encourage desegregation as well. Without pairing or massive cross-walking of virtually entire student bodies Lee could not continue to operate effectively as a desegregated school. It should be added that the Lee facility will be used to house various programs all of which have been seeking a permanent home for some time. It was the Board’s decision to convert the use of the Lee facility and the Court will not interfere with that decision since it promotes the establish- ment of a unitary school system. ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LEVEL— NORTHWEST DISTRICT Group #1 The School Board plan again offers square zones. The HEW plan proposes a grouping. Since the three schools tend to be at opposite ends of their zones, approximately 274 additional students will have to be bussed over two miles. The grouping plan would create a substantial un- dercapacity at the Bunche Park School while it creates an App. 29 over capacity at the Parkview School requiring at least two portables. It should be noted that the Board plan does not require crossing of either Northwest 167th Street or Northwest 17th Avenue. The Court finds the HEW plan to be unreasonable. Being unable to find another method to desegregate the Bunche Park School, the Court reluctantly embraces the Board plan. Group #2 The Court agrees that desegregation of the North County Schoo! cannot be accomplished without extensive use of transportation. Group #3 The Board plan suggests two zones with boundaries determined by natural barriers. The North-South boundary between the zones is eliminated by the HEW plan. Instead, the HEW plan would make the Rainbow Park zone a long thin zone running East and West. The net effect is to put some of the Opa Locka School’s White students in ‘the Rainbow Park School and some of the Rainbow Park Black students in the Opa Locka School. This plan requires ap- proximately 35 additional students to be bussed and many students to travel across Northwest 27th Avenue. The HEW plan effectively disestablishes the dual school system in this area. The Board is directed to adopt this modification. App. 30 Group #4 The Board plan zones these two school according to natural boundaries. The. HEW plan would pair them by eliminating the boundary between them at Opa Locka Boulevard. The pairing requires an additional 19 students to be bussed and most students to cross Opa I ocka Boule- vard. Both schools were already well within their ca- pacities. It should be noted that the Young School is projected to have an enrollment of 85% Black students. The Court is hopeful that under the majority to minority transfer policy to be described below, many white students will seek to attend the Young School from the Opa Locka School and vice versa. Therefore no further modification of the Board plan is required to create a unitary school system in this District. ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LEVEL— NORTH CENTRAL DISTRICT There are ten schools in this District clustered to- gether in the heart of an all-Black residential community. Eight of the schools (Drew, Evans, Holmes, Liberty City, Lorah Park, Olinda, Orchard Villa and Poincianna Park) have 100% Black student bodies. Two others (Arcola Lake and Gladeview) have predominantly Black student bodies. The only method by which these schools could be effectively desegregated is by cross-bussing with predominantly white schools in the Northeast District. The law does not compel this Court to require the School Board to desegregate these schools in that manner. The School Board plan is, therefore, adopted without change as to these ten schools. App. 31 The School Board plan would allow the West Little River School to remain with a 92% Black student body. The HEW plan suggests a pairing with the Broadmoor School (1% Black). This alternative would require that approximately 55 students would be transported to the West Little River School. Others would have to travel across Northwest 27th Avenue. Under either plan, both schools are projected to be slightly over capacity. The Board is directed to adopt this modification. The Court notes that the attendance zones of both Broadmoor and Miami Park are varied under the HEW plan. The Court leaves to the discretion of the Board the decision of whether such a variance should be made or, if made in another manner, whether it might reduce the number of students transported to the West Little River School. The Board is limited to the extent that no substantial change shall be made in the racial compositions of the two schools. ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LEVEL— SOUTH CENTRAL DISTRICT The Board plan allows to remain 5 all-Black schools (Carver, Floral Heights, Pharr, Tucker and Wheatley) and 5 predominantly Black schools ( Allapattah, Bethune, Douglas, Dunbar and Karlington Heights). As discussed below, the HEW pian would affect several of these schools. HEW concedes that Allapattzh, Earlington Heights, Floral Heights, Wheatley and Douglas cannot be desegregated without substantial transportation. The Court is unwill- ing to make that concession without further evidence. The statistics the Court has reveal that the Allapattah School houses 1170 pupils in grades 1 thru 5. The Buena Ps TORRE App. 32 Vista School houses 695 pupils in grades 1 thru 6. It appears that these two schools could be paired. The Board shall show cause within ten days of the date hereof why such a modification will not promote desegregation and is not administratively, economically or educationally feasible. Likewise the statistics in the Board plan reveal that the Douglas School houses 1400 pupils in grades 1 thru 6. The Riverside School houses 850 pupils in grades 1 thru 6. It appears that these two schools could be paired. The Board shall, in a like manner, show cause why this pair- ing cannot be accomplished. The Board plan proposes two separate zones for the Bethune and Melrose Schools. The HEW plan suggests a pairing of the two schools. The testimony reveals that the pairing would not present any problems with capac- ities nor would it require additional transportation. The sole objection is that the East-West Expressway is elimi- nated as a natural barrier between the two schools. Con- sidering that the Expressway is elevated and that many Melrose students are required, under the Board plan, to traverse Northwest 36th Street and Northwest 27th there is no reason why these schools cannot be paired. The Board is directed to adopt this modification. At this point, for the sake of better understanding the Court will depart from the pattern of presentation of the HEW plan. The Court notes a concentration of schools between Biscayne Boulevard and the North-South Express- way on the east and west, respectively, and 14th Street and 36th Street on the south and north, respectively. aii eae. App. 33 There are five schools in this area; Dunbar (93% Black), West Dunbar (15% Black); Wheatley (100% Black), Miramar (20% Black) and Buena Vista (7% Black). The Board proposes to do nothing to desegregate these schools. The HEW plan would group the Dunbar, Miramar and Buena Vista Schools. The Board offers the sole objection that grouping destroys their neighborhood plan. The Court feels that the grouping should be accom- plished. In this regard, the Court notes that the capacities of the remaining two schools in the area are such that by a modification of the HEW grouping plan substantially more desegregation could be accomplished. For instance, if the Wheatley school was rezoned and used in the group- ing suggested by the HEW, Dunbar could be paired with the West Dunbar School. Alternatively, it might be feasible to pair Miramar with Wheatley and to pair Dunbar with West Dunbar. Again, Buena Vista could be substituted for West Dunbar in that pairing. The Board shall show cause within ten days of the date hereof why they cannot involve all five of these schools in a plan to disestablish the dual school system in this area. The same criteria as ordered above shall be con- sidered. Should the Board show good cause why additional desegregation cannot be accomplished it is the Order of this Court the grouping plan presented by the HEW plan be adopted by the Board. The Board plan provides separate zones for the Kelsey Pharr and Comstock Schools with the boundary between them falling on the East-West Expressway. The HEW App. 34 plan pairs these two schools. The evidence reveals that the Kelsey Pharr School has a strict capacity of 840 students without portables. The Comstock School presently has a capacity of 1200 with portables. The Board plan properly balances these capacities. The pairing plan would require the transportation of approximately 123 students to the Kelsey Pharr School. It appears to the Court that the capacity problem could be solved in one of two ways. Either portables could be moved from the Comstock School to the Kelsey Pharr School or the Kelsey Pharr School be designed to house only grades 5 and 6 within present capacities or with the addi- tion of but a few portables. The Board is directed in a like manner as above to show cause why the HEW pairing plan cannot be accom- plished with the modifications suggested above. In the Coral Gables area the Board offers a strict zone plan for five schools: Sunset (8% Black), Carver (100% Black), Coral Gables (0% Black), Tucker (100% Black), and Dade (1% Black). The HEW plan would rezone the first three schools and pair the last two. All five will be considered together because the rezoning and pair- ing plan are closely interrelated. In rezoning Carver, Sunset and Coral Gables, the HEW plan puts 400 White students into the Carver zone from the Sunset and Coral Gables zones and puts 400 Black students in the Coral Gables zone from the Carver zone. This plan creates an over capacity of over 100 stu- dents at Coral Gables which might force that school to begin double sessions because there is no room for portables ROMS SGD Neo ee Nina La hed to eG it App. 35 on the site. Approximately 57 students will require trans- portation. Many students wili be required to cross South Dixie Highway. Many students will be required to walk greater distances. The Court is mindful that the Sunset school is pro- posed to absorb students who formerly attended the Lee School. Also it appears that the HEW plan rezones many students from the Dade School zone into the Coral Gables school zone. The net effect of the HEW plan is to take 150 students out of the Sunset school and place them in the Coral Gables School. It would seem that by returning 100 students to Sunset from Carver and returning 100 students to Carver from Coral Gables the capacities of the three schools will be equalized. If White students and Black students are returned to Sunset and Carver, re- spectively, no additional transportation will be required and both Carver and Coral Gables will remain as desegre- gated schools. The Court favors the HEW plan of rezoning but is concerned with equalizing capacities. The Board shall in- vestigate the above suggestions and investigate rezoning in connection with the pairing of the Dade and Tucker Schools and show cause, in a like manner as above, why the HEW rezoning plan cannot be accomplished. In the alternative, if it is found that a rezoning plan is nof feasible, the Board shall show cause why a ten-hour day or some alternative scheduling technique cannot be utilized. The HEW plan would pair the Tucker and Dade Schools. Mr. Little testified that the proposed pairing plan would create an overcapacity of about 100 students at both schools. Apparently this is caused by increasing the stu- App. 36 dent population by an amount equal to the number of 5th and 6th graders who are not now allowed to attend Tucker, However, it does not appear that Mr. Little considered two factors. First, the figure used by the HEW plan for en- rollment at the Tucker School is overstated by 200 stu- dents, thus distorting the HEW plan figures. Second, the HEW’ rezoning plan discussed immediately above rezones many students out of the Dade attendance zone. Mr. Little also testified that there is no space at Tucker for portables but there may be space at Dade. The pairing plan would require many students to cross South Dixie Highway and travel routes which are pres- ently undergoing sewer construction. The Court favors the HEW pairing plan and feels that the School Board can fashion a plan utilizing rezon- ing techniques, portables and modified school days which will effectively disestablish the dual school system with- out sacrificing traditional values. It might be possible to have the Dade and Tucker schools house grades 1 thru 5 in a paired situation and place grade 6 in Carver Junior High School. The Board shall, in a like manner, show cause why this pairing cannot be accomplished. ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LEVEL NORTHEAST DISTRICT The Northeast District encompasses the area east of the North-South Expressway and the Sunshine State Parkway and North of 110th Street. Within its boun- daries are the municipalities of Miami Beach, North App. 87 Miami Beach and North Miami. There are 22 elementary schools with only 216 Black students. There is no method by which the schools in this District can be effectively desegregated other than by massive cross-bussing with the predominantly Black resi- dential areas of the North Central District and the South Central District. The Court, therefore, adopts the plan of the Board as it pertains to the Northeast District. JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL The Board proposes a zoning plan designed to allow every student to attend the closest school to his home that has the capacity to house him. The guidelines used by the Board are many faceted: (1) proximity to schools; (2) capacity of schools; (3) natural barriers; (4) safety and welfare of the children. All of the optional zones which were present in the Interim Plan adopted by this Court on August 29, 1970 have been eliminated. The HEW plan makes no recommendation to change the Board plan with one exception. The HEW plan takes the attitude that since most of the students who formerly attended Dorsey will be bussed to other schools all these students should be bussed to predominantly white schools. This suggestion is unacceptable for two reasons. First, it ignores the relative capacities of the other junior high schools in this part of the County. It is unlikely that the _ predominantly White schools could handle all of the former Dorsey students without severe overcrowding. Second, many former Dorsey students can walk to nearby schools. For both reasons the Court rejects the sugges- tion of the HEW plan. NRE DD Pe OS IE PAGING TOES OED App. 38 Utilizing the Board plan at this level without modi- fication there will be remaining three all-Black schools, one predominantly Black school, six all-white schools and twelve predominantly White schools. The remaining sev- enteen schools all have a substantial racial mixture. The Court will discuss the objections to the Board plan in the same order as it discussed the elementary level schools. | SOUTH DISTRICT The only objection to the Board plan in this District centers around the Richmond Heights School. The al- ternative is popularly called the Roberts Plan. The HEW plan attests to the educational soundness of this plan. The Board has also conceded to its educational soundness. The Roberts Plan would rezone the boundaries of the Richmond Heights, Palmetto and Cutler Ridge Schools. It is similar to Recommendation 41 of the report ren- dered July 23, 1969 by the Florida School Desegregation Consulting Center. The apparent sole goal of the plan is to distribute the Black students at the Richmond Heights School between the Palmetto and Cutler Ridge Schools so that they will all have similar mixes of the races. The Board offers several reasons for its decision not to implement the Roberts Plan. It creates a non-contigu- ous zone whereby students would be transported past the Richmond Heights School. The Palmetto School is already 150 students over capacity even though it uti- lizes a triple shift. The Richmond Heights School is sev- eral hundred students under capacity solely because it App. 39 is projected to be on a ten-hour day. The Richmond Heights School houses the Martin Elementary School sixth grade because the Martin School does not have the capacity even though it is utilizing seven portables. The Roberts Plan requires the sixth grade to return to the Martin School from which other students will be trans- ported out to other elementary schools. The Board puts emphasis upon their decision that it is at the lesser of two evils to have students on a triple shift at Palmetto. The Board has made an administrative decision that should not be interfered with by the Court. The schools in this District are presently substantially desegregated. The Court orders no change in the plan offered by the Board. SOUTHWEST DISTRICT The only school in this District which is the subject of an objection is the Richmond Heights School discussed in the South District section. The Court orders no change in the Board plan. NORTHWEST DISTRICT The plan proposed by the CTA would involve three Schools in this District. ( Filer, North Dade and Park- way). Since only the Palm Springs School does not have members of the minority race, the HEW plan offers no recommendation. The CTA Suggestion concerning the Filer School will be discussed below in the South Central District section. App. 40 The CTA plan is designed solely for the purpose of creating a racial mix of 40% Black students in both schools. North Dade is 68% Black and Parkway is 20% Black. The plan would pair the two. In response to the argument that this would force students to cross the Palmetto By-pass, the CTA points out that the Board plan requires students in the Carol City attendance zone to cross the same highway. The plan also would require some additional transportation. The most significant objection to the CTA plan is that since there are three grades and but two schools either the Board will have to put one and one-half grades in each school or split the students between the two schogs by some method such as the first and last thirteen letters of the alphabet. This is clearly educationally un- sound. Since both schools exist as desegregated schools there is no reason to destroy the traditional organiza- “tion of the junior high school. For this reason the Court rejects the CTA plan and adopts the Board plan. NORTH CENTRAL DISTRICT Other than the plan offered by the CTA involving the Drew, Madison, Mann and Edison Schools no objection is lodged against the Board plan. These schools will be dis- cussed below in the South Central District section. The HEW plan recognizes that the only school in this District that does not have a substantial racial mixture is Drew. The HEW plan asserts that the only method by which the Drew school could be desegregated is by utilizing massive cross-bussing of students between non-contiguous zones. Again you have the recurring problem of violating the tra- ditional concept of a three-grade junior high school. The Court adopts the Board plan. App. 41 SOUTH CENTRAL DISTRICT There are two schools ( Allapattah and Brownsville) in this District which remain all-Black schools and one school (Washington) which remains a predominantly Black school. The HEW plan asserts that it would require cross- bussing between non-contiguous zones to effectively de- segregate these schools. The CTA plan is the only objec- tion to the Board plan. The CTA plan recognizes that the Ada Merritt School is an all-White school. The plan would pair the Ada Mer- ritt School with the Washington School. To the objection that pairing would require students to eross the Miami River, the CTA replies that the Board has designed the Miami Springs attendance zone to require students to cross the Little River. However, there is a crossing immediatly adjacent to the Miami Springs School. The Board further objects to the basis that the present boundaries effectively utilize the capacities of the two schools. The Court feels there is no compelling reason to pair these schools since Washington is projected to have an enrollment of 88% Black students. Therefore, the Court rejects the CTA plan. The CTA plan also attempts to desegregate the Alla- pattah, Brownsville and Drew Schools by cross-bussing students with the predominantly White schools to the west (Filer and Miami Springs). Also included as potential cross-bussing routes are three desegregated schools in the North Central District (Madison, Mann and Miami Edi- son) and two non-contiguous schools in the Northeast Dis- trict which are within a six mile radius of this area and which are already receiving transported students from the Drew School (Nautilus and Fisher). The Court com- App. 42 mends the CTA for its inventiveness but feels that the law does not require this type of massive cross-bussing to create a unitary school system. The plan offered by the CTA is rejected and the plan of the Board is adopted. The Board has adopted a pairing plan involving the Ponce de Leon and Carver Schools whereby the seventh grade would be housed at the Carver School and the eighth and ninth grades would be housed at the Ponce de Leon School. The Carver School will have a 24% Black enroll- ment while the Ponce de Leon School will have a 26% Black enrollment. This plan is adamently supported by the inter- venors Jane L. Mack and others. The HEW plan makes no reference to this segment of the Board plan. The pairing plan is strenuously opposed by two groups of intervenors (Donald J. Murray and others and The Con- cerned Parents of the Riviera Section). Both groups offer a zoning plan commonly referred to as the Ring-Horwich Plan. The intended purpose of this plan is to desegregate one additional school (Shenandoah) while keeping both the Ponce de Leon and Carver Schools as traditional three- grade junior high schools. By redrafting the boundary lines between these two schools and the Shenandoah School (1% Black) the Black student enrollment at the Shenan- doah School will be increased. After this rezoning Shenan- doah will be 12% Black, Carver will be 19% Black and Ponce de Leon will be 16% Black, thus equalizing the per- centages of Black students at the three schools. The rezoning plan would require more than minimal additional transportation. Since the Shenandoah School is three miles from the Carver School many students within walking distance of Carver will need to be transported to App. 48 Shenandoah. Other siudents living close to the Carver School will require transportation to the Ponce de Leon School. The supporters of the Ring-Horwich Plan have at- tempted to show that it is best educationally to utilize the traditional three-grade junior high school at all three of these schools. The School Board would concede this as a genera! principle. However, the Board has decided that because of the lack of full facilities (library, shops, labora- tories, etc.) at the Carver School it is best to house all of _ this area’s eighth and ninth graders in the Ponce de Leon School. Seventh graders do not require a full range of school facilities whereas eighth and ninth graders do re- quire them. Under the Ring-Horwich Plan the eighth and ninth graders at the Carver School would be disadvantaged by the lack of facilities. The facilities that do exist at the Carver School, if used solely by seventh graders, would enhance their educational experience. It therefore appears that the Board has made its de- cision based upon educational and administrative reasons. To interfere with the Board’s decision solely to desegregate one more predominantly Black School when a unitary school system presently exists appears to the Court to be unrea- sonable. The majority to minority transfer plan to be discussed below should aid in the further desegregation of the Shenandoah School. Accordingly, the Court adopts the Board pairing plan. App. 44 NORTHEAST DISTRICT There are no predominantly Black schools in the Northeast District. All six schools have some pupils of the minority race under the Board plan. The only objection raised, other than the CTA plan discussed above, is pre- sented by Michael A. Frank who, through his father as next friend, has filed his own lawsuit which has been con- solidated into this case. The objection, simply stated, is that it is a violation of Plaintiff’s constitutional rights to require him to attend a school (Fisher) further from his home while other stu- dents are transported to his former school (Nautilus) from distances up to 12 miles past several other schools. Addi- tionally, Black students are transported from non-con- tiguous zones into both schools. The Board asserts that the primary, in fact the sole, reason for this arrangement is to equalize the capacities of the various schools involved. Since the Board made its recent decision to close down the Dorsey School at least ten schools are being used to house the students that attended Dorsey. Drew has been severely over capacity for years. Fisher and Nautilus were the only schools within a reasonable distance which could house this overflow. Likewise the students living in the northern part of Miami Beach were transported to Fisher because it was the nearest school with available facilities. The Court feels that no constitutional issue is pre- sented by the Frank objection. The objection is simply an attack upon an administrative decision of the Board and nothing more. The Frank objection is rejected and the Board plan is adopted. App. 45 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL The Board plan proposes a system of zoning whereby each student attends a full three-year high school. Dis- tances and capacities are the primary consideration. There would be remaining one all-White school, nine predomi- nantly White schools, one all-Black school and one pre- dominantly Black school. The HEW plan suggests that if the boundary between the Miami Jackson School (85% Black) and the Miami Senior High School was made firm and the two attendance zones were strictly adhered to there would be approximately 1000 more White students attending Miami Jackson. The Board estimates that this figure would be closer to 700 students. In previous years between 200 and 300 students in the Miami Jackson attendance zone have been attend- ing Miami Senior High by use of a procedure called “affi- davit of attendance.” The evidence is somewhat conflicting on whether or not the Board plan proposes to strictly ad- here to the attendance zones. The CTA plan proposes a pairing of these two schools. The evidence reveals that a pairing plan is prohibitively expensive by virtue of the extensive bussing required. There are presently 100 students being transported to the Miami Jackson School. Pairing would require transporta- tion for 1500 students to the Miami Jackson School. A similar situation would be created at Miami Senior High School. This transportation would require an aggregate outlay of $330,000 the first year with recurring expenses of $100,000 annually. On page 4 of the transcript of the February 2, 1970 hearing this Court found that the “Board is utilizing its allowable full tax millage, has an annual App. 46 budget of 70 to 75 million dollars and is urgently in need of more funds.” The pairing plan is rejected and the plan of the Board is accepted with the direction that the attendance zones of these two schools be strictly adhered to, modified only by the majority to minority transfer policy to be discussed below. | The plan offered by the CTA points out that there are over 5000 Black students attending Miami Northwestern (100% Black) and Miami Jackson (85% Black). This means that approximately 55% of all Black high school students attend one of these two schools. The CTA plan seeks to desegregate the Miami Northwestern School by offering alternative grouping plans. °° First, the CTA plan would establish a grouping or campus by combining the attendance zones of Miami North- western, Miami Edison (27% Black) and Miami Central (30% Black). The campus concept would create a ratio of White to Black students of approximately 47% to 53%. The Miami Edison School is one mile east of the Miami Northwestern School and the Miami Northwestern School is less than two and one-half miles south from the Miami Central School. The geographic area is comparable to that of the Coral Gables Senior High School attendance zone. Second, the CTA proposes a campus grouping of Mi- ami Northwestern, Hialeah (1% Black) and Miami Springs (9% Black). Evidence relating to these schools was taken at a prior hearing. UY as App. 47 The Board offered no objections on the administra- tive and educational level although the Court feels assured that the same problems exist here as discussed above in the grouping of junior high schools in the Northwest District. The evidence does reveal, however, that the campus group- ing plan would be detrimental to the normal high school experience. Students would be hampered in participating in extra-curricular activities (debate, athletics, band, etc.) from which activities many students receive college scholar- ships. The evidence establishes that in the grouping situation there would be increased transportation problems. At least 1000 additional students will require transportation. Only 100 are presently being transported. Approximately $330,- 000 would be required in the first year to implement the grouping plan. The grouping plan is rejected and the plan of the Board is adopted. NO CROSS-BUSSING Neither the Board’s plan, as modified herein, nor the HEW plan involve “cross-bussing”. As provided by Florida law, students living more than two miles from the school they attend are entitled to transportation. PUPIL REASSIGNMENT The Board plan is also to be amended to provide as follows: App. 48 1. Any pupil, with parental consent, shall have the right to transfer from a school at which his race is in the majority to attend a school at which his race is in the minority, regard- less of the availability of space at the latter school, and the Board shall furnish free trans- portation provided the distance involved meets state transportation statutes. 2. All parents in the system are to be notified of this provision. BI-RACIAL COMMITTEE A Bi-Racial Committee composed of 12 members, six white and six black, will be appointed by the Court to review the operation of the majority to minority pupil transfer rule, the transportation system, selection of school sites, and such other special assignments as the Court may direct. The Committee is authorized to hold hearings and make recommendations to the Board in connection with these activities. The chairmanship shall alternate annually between a white chairman and a black chairman. Within ten days, the Board and CTA shall each submit to the Court two names and each of the intervenors one name of nominees for the Committee. REPORT BY THE BOARD AND BI-RACIAL COMMITTEE Within sixty days after the opening of the Fall term of the 1970-71 school year, the Board and Bi-Racial Com- mittee are directed to file reports with the Court as to their findings and recommendations with respect to the operation of the plan as implemented by the Board. App. 49 MAYS JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL EXPERIENCE This suit was begun, as above recited, by Herbert Pate and others in the State Circuit Court. Its purpose was to enjoin the Board from assigning students for the schoo! year 1969-70 to Mays Junior High School, a previously all- Black school, as part of its plan to desegregate Dade Coun- ty Schools. With the approval of the Interim Desegregation Plan, such assignments were effectuated. The Court is now informed by means of the news media that integra- tion at Mays has been successful. Accordingly, the Bi- Racial Committee shall, promptly following its appoint- ment, study the practices and procedures utilized at that school and submit a report within thirty days to the Court, together with its recommendations for possible utilization of such practices and procedures by the Board at other integrated schools in the system. CONCLUSION OF LAW The plan submitted by the Board, as modified here- in, and subject to the revisions to be accomplished as above directed, constitutes a unitary system of public education for the Dade County, Florida school district. FINAL JUDGMENT It is ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that: 1. The Board of Public Instruction of Dade County, Florida, and Edward L. Whigham, as Superintendent of Public Instruction, and his successors in office, are per- manently enjoined from operating a dual system of public education segregated by race, and shall henceforth oper- ate a unitary system as described above. App. 50 2. The transfer of students shall be made effective August 1, 1970 and thereafter. 3. The separate petitions of the several intervenors are hereby denied, except as the relief therein sought may be included in the over-all plans herein approved. The separate suits by Michael A. Frank (Case No. 69-1025- Civ-CA) and Joseph Pardo (Case No. 69-1041-Civ-CA) which were consolidated with this suit involve attacks upon administrative decisions by the Board. No constitu- tional issue is presented. Accordingly, the relief sought in both suits is denied and both suits are hereby dismissed with prejudice. 4, The Court retains jurisdiction of the cause and the parties for the purpose of insuring that the plan here adopted and the required amendments are carried out and the school system operated consistently with the re- quirements of the United States Constitution. DONE AND ORDERED at Miami, Florida this 26th day of June, 1970. /s/ C. Clyde Atkins, United States District Judge cee. George Bolles, Esq. Tobias Simon, Esq. Walters Moore & Costanzo Howell Ferguson, Esq., Legal Services Program Shutts & Bowen Rivers Buford, Esq. Hon. Earl Faircloth Hon. Claude R. Kirk, Jr. App. 51 Hon. William C. Cramer Alan H. Rosenson, Esq. Paul B. Steinberg, Esq. Aaron Foosaner, Esq. Lane & Mitchell James E. Glass, Esq. James W. Matthews, Esq. William A. Frieder, Esq. Richard Y. Feder, Esq. Wicker, Smith, et al. Henry A. Edgar, Jr., Esq. Robert R. Frank, Esq. J. E. Ludick, Esq. William Manker, Esq. Daniel N. Heller, Esg. Larry S. Stewart, Esq. Hillery F. Silverman, Esq. Ellis Rubin, Esq. Robert M. Bader, Esq. [TITLE OMITTED] SUPPLEMENTAL ORDER APPROVING DESEGRE- GATION PLAN FOR DADE COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS, AS MODIFIED, AND AMENDED FINAL JUDGMENT The Court has requested the School Board to submit two reports so that the Court may be fully informed and there will be an adequate record for appellate review. These two reports were filed July 6, 1970 and July 20, 1970. After careful study and analysis of these reports, the Court is prepared to rule informatively. App. 52 Each school or group of schools which is the subject of a report will be discussed and ruled upon separately. The sequence of discussion will substantially follow the sequence of this Court’s Order of June 26, 1970. ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS A. L. Lewis, N. K. Cooper, Florida City, West Homestead and Redondo Elementary Schools The Court agrees that a rezoning of these five schools is impractical. The sole reason is that in an at- tempt to keep each school within its capacity (some of which are strictly limited) zone lines will have to be drawn in such a manner as to put two schools within one zone. Considering there is a more effective and reasonable plan available, rezoning is rejected. The Lewis and Cooper Schools shall be paired. There are no problems with relative capacities and the safety factors in eliminating the boundary at Southwest 4th Street are minimal. The Florida City and West Homestead Schools shall be paired by placing grades 1 and 2 at the Florida City School and grades 3 to 6 at the West Homestead School. The major objection of the School Board concerns ca- pacities. However, in showing over-capacities, the School Board is using the designed capacity figures. By using the figures showing the capacities with the portables al- ready on the site the over-capacity at the West Homestead School is reduced to 60 students. The School Board esti- mated membership figures show an enrollment of 40 stu- dents over capacity. The over-capacity at the Florida App. 58 City School is reduced to and under capacity of 20. In its July 6, 1970 report, the School Board states that over-ca- pacities can best be handled at the West Homestead School. There are no serious safety factors. F. C. Martin and Colonial Drive Elementary Schools In pairing these two schools many factors are in- volved. If grades 1 to 3 were housea at the Martin School the capacities would be equalized. Pairing requires the Colonial Drive sixth grade to be moved to Richmond Heights Junior High School. The junior high school is presently on a ten-hour day which creates an over-capacity sufficient to house the Colonial Drive sixth grade. This has the advantage of desegregating the Martin sixth grade presently being housed at the junior high school. As reasonable as this plan seems, the Court must re- ject it. The Colonial Drive School is a “pod type” school. Not only is a “pod type” school different in construction and design but the instructional and educational program is, of necessity, also unique. A “pod type” school cannot be used in a traditional manner. Pairing would not in itself destroy the apparent educational advantage of the “pod type” school. However, it is the opinion of the principal of the Colonial Drive School that the adjustment that must be made by the students in going from one type of school to the other type is much easier if made from “pod type” to traditional. With this educational consideration in mind it is necessary to house grades 1 to 3 at the Colonial Drive School. Pairing in this manner would necessitate the use of seven portables thus destroying the educational effectiveness of the “pod type” school. App. 54 Additionally, because of the geography of the two zones, 183 students will require transportation and the remaining students will be required to walk long distances through remote, undeveloped land. Practically every communication the Court has re- ceived from concerned parents of the Colonial Drive School (which is presently integrated) has pleaded that the Mar- tin School be vaired with some other school in the area (Vineland, Coral Reef Drive, Miami Heights, Howard Drive, Richmond or South Miami Heights). Because the Martin School zone is isolated on the north side of the west end of Coral Reef Drive, the entire Martin School population would need to be transported to one of these schools. The pairing of the Martin School with any other school is rejected. : Allapattah, Buena Vista and Santa Clara Elementary Schools The pairing of the Allapattah and Buena Vista Schools is rejected because the Buena Vista School is to be involved in a grouping to be discussed below. At the May 22, 1970 hearing the School Board pre- sented no testimony as to the educational and adminis- trative problems caused by the continuing influx of Spanish language origin students in the school system, arising because of more than 300,000 refugees having been admitted from Cuba as escapees from the Castro regime. Not until the July 6, 1970 response was the Court made aware of this problem. The Court made a TREE Mt SE LE ge Ne CRE OI ate Fe Ae App. 55 further request pertaining to this factor on July 10, 1970. The Court now has an adequate record to evaluate the significance of specially designed programs for Spanish language origin students (hereinafter referred to as Bilingual Education). The Santa Clara School has a significant Bilingual Education program. In pairing it with the Allapattah School a duplication of the program would be required. In addition, the Santa Clara School is the site of the only southern component of the Southeastern Educational Laboratory Project. The Allapattah School does not have any special programs for the disadvantaged pupils. The Court considers the duplication of the Bilingual Educa- tion program and a disruption of the Southeastern Edu- cational Laboratory Project total impediments to pairing these two schools. It appears to the Court that in pairing a predomi- nantly Black school with a predominantly White school with 75% Spanish language origin students, the two schools would be integrated only in total figures. Once inside the school building those who are involved in the Bilingual Educational program would proceed to one classroom while tie remaining students would proceed to another classroom. Effective integration is thus aborted. In the case of these two schools, the remaining students would be about 90% Black. With the addition of the traffic control equipment recommended by the Department of Traffic and Trans- portation the students could safely traverse Northwest 36th Street. However, it does not appear that the students could safely negotiate around the entrance and exit App. 56 ramps to the East-West Expressway at Northwest 12th Avenue. This creates a serious safety hazard. A further serious problem is created by the lack of a sixth grade at the Allapattah School. If the Allapattah sixth grade were brought into the pairing, a severe over- capacity would be created. If the Santa Clara sixth grade were removed to the Allapattah Junior High School it would remain there only one year, returning to Lee Junior High School for seventh grade. There is no room at the Lee School to house the Santa Clara sixth grade. Pairing is not educationally or administratively prac- tical and, therefore, must be rejected. Douglas and Riverside Elementary Schools The pairing of these two schools involves the same considerations as those discussed above concerning the Santa Clara School. The Riverside School has a 97.5% Spanish language origin population. The July 20, 1970 report indicates that the expected additional 100 students have arrived at the Riverside School. In addition to the regular Bilingual Education programs the School Board expects to resume a special program to improve reading performance. The Douglas School has two programs for the disadvantaged pupils (PLAD and Head Start). Pair- ing requires duplication of the Bilingual Education pro- gram and either the loss of or duplication of the programs for the disadvantaged. The duplication of special programs is a sufficient reason for not requiring the pairing of these two schools. However, there are additional reasons. Both schools are dist salen alae Rta cel? Cie ait A ii Sica ch ol gee RN sale Riad Meat eli Rebate ds App. 57 presently substantially over capacity. Both schools are presently utilizing the maximum number of portables. The relative capacities of the schools do not allow for a pairing without creating a severe over-capacity at at least one of the schools. The most logical route of travel for the approxi- mately 1700 pupils who would be required to cross the Miami River would be the Fifth Street Bridge. This bridge is an extremely hazardous crussing for pedes- trians as four streets converge at that point from the south and three from the north. It is the focal point for much of the traffic in the downtown area. The adjacent and connecting streets are likewise hazardous. Pairing would require transportation for 225 addi- tional students. For all of the above reasons the Court declines to pair these two schools. Comstock and Kelsey Pharr Elementary Schools The Comstock School has an 84% Spanish language origin pupil population which is expected to increase. The Kelsey Pharr School has two programs for the dis- advantaged pupils (PLAD and Mobile Reading Center). The pairing of these two schools involves the same con- siderations as those discussed above concerning the River- side and Douglas Schools. Pairing is, therefore, rejected. App. 58 Additionally, any pairing plan would leave the Kelsey Pharr School at an under-capacity while the Comstock School would be over-capacity even if it were to utilize the maximum number of portables allowable. Dunbar, Wheatley, Buena Vista, Miramar, Santa Clara, West Dunbar and Douglas Elementary Schools The Court’s order of June 26, 1970 approved the HEW grouping plan but felt that it was to be considered only as a minimum. That same order directed the School Board to show why they could not involve five schools in a single plan. That report submitted July 6, 1970, totally failed in responding to the inquiry of the Court. By Order dated July 10, 1970 the Court again requested information. The report filed July 20, 1970 adequately responds to the inquiry but fails to show good cause. It was not until the July 6, 1970 report that the School Board raised the problem with the Bilingual Edu- cation program. At the May 22, 1970 hearing the sole objection to the HEW grouping plan was that it destroys the neighborhood school concept. The Court must presume that in dealing with a group of schools where similar programs exist at several of the schools there is some sort of economy of scale involved making it less im- practical to pair or group. The Court has rejected the two pairing plans involv- ing the Santa Clara and Douglas Schools. Therefore, in a relatively compact area there are three predominantly Black schools (Dunbar, Wheatley and Douglas) and four predominantly White schools with substantial Bilingual Education programs. All of the schools have a PLAD pro- A STI ERIE TERRES PETE OY: Fa BaEu OS cae RAD SD I Pe NT IS RAL RL RE OE Eaaaeerenns isi a near eG ee App. 59 gram except the Santa Clara and West Dunbar Schools. The Head Start programs, which only involve five-year olds, exist at the Miramar, Dunbar, West Dunbar and Douglas Schools. Ihe total capacity of all seven schools is 7,020 students. The total expected enrollment for all seven schools is 6,820 students. The Court feels that by utilizing a series of pairing plans, a series of grouping plans or a total rezoning of the area that all three of these predominantly Black schools can be desegregated without a significant sacrifice in the special programs. The Court iis aware that this entire area is a business and commercial district but feels certain that with the assistance of the Department of Traffic and Transportation any possible safety hazards that may exist will be eliminated. The School Board is directed to use its peculiar expertise in these matters to design a plan for these schools which effectively desegregates the three pre- dominantly Black schools. The Court feels that a pre- dominantly Black school is desegregated when less than 85% of its enrollment is composed of Black students. There are 3,761 Black students enrolled in these seven schools which is approximately 55% of the total enroll- ment. The School Board is under no direction to create a 55-45 ratio in each of the seven schools but it should be a factor to consider. Carver, Sunset and Coral Gables Elementary Schools The Court’s Order of June 26, 1970 requested the School Board to submit a report showing how these three schools could be rezoned without creating over App. 60 capacities. Again, the report filed by the School Board on July 6, 1970 is unresponsive. The Court does recognize and fully accepts the representation of the School Board that a conversion to a modified school day should be the last resort. In returning 100 students from the Coral Ga- bles School to the Carver School and 100 students from the Carver School to the Sunset School those closest to the Car- ver School will be the students who will be affected. The students surrounding the Carver School are predomi- nantly Black. The resulting percentages of Black stu- dents at the three schools would be approximately as follows: Coral Gables - 40% ; Carver - 58%; and Sunset - 8%. The Court does not consider this to be undesirable. The HEW rezoning plan does present some safety hazards in requiring students to cross South Dixie High- way, LeJeune Road, Bird Road and Ponce de Leon Boule- vard. However, with the existing traffic control devices and those that might be recommended by the Department of Traffic and Transportation these hazards are minimal. The Carver and Coral Gables Schools could be de- segregated by a pairing plan but this would require ap- proximately twice the number of students to cross these same streets. Pairing would not substantially change the racial composition of the two schools from that of the HEW plan as moc‘fied by the Court. The Court does not reject a pairing plan rather it leaves it to the discretion of the School Board. The Court notes that Exhibit 2 to the July 22, 1970 report indicates that 122 students have been transferred from the Carver School to the Tucker School. These stu- dents are obviously the fifth and sixth grade students App. 61 who live in the Tucker attendance zone. Since all of the 122 are Black students, the percentage of Black students at the Carver School under the HEW plan as modified by the Court or under a pairing pian would be greatly reduced. The Court is unable to assess precisely the significance of this transfer. The Court approves the HEW rezoning plan with appropriate modifications to relieve the over capacity at the Coral Gables School. The School Broad is directed to implement either a rezoning plan or a pairing plan. It is possible that a “domino effect” may be created. The- Court is without the expertise to assess exactly how other attendance zones will be affected. This knowledge is peculiarly within the expertise of the School Board. The Court does find that a “domino effect” is not an im- pediment to implementation of the rezoning plan. The zones which might be affected are those of the Sunset, Tucker, Dade and Coconut Grove Schools. In changing any of these zone lines the School Board is directed to promote as far as possible the creation of substantially equivalent racial ratios in each school. This is not an absolute directive, rather it is intended to insert another consideration which may have been overlooked in the past. Dade and Tucker Elementary Schools The Court has found immediately above that the safety hazards involved in a rezoning of the Carver and Coral Gables Schools were minimal. The two zones in- volved here are immediately cast of the rezoned area. However, the safety hazards are substantially greater in App. 62 this area. The most logical crossing points for South Dixie Highway (Bird Road and Douglas Road) are ex- tremely congested intersections. Approximately 640 stu- dents would be required to negotiate these crossings. Once across South Dixie Highway the majority of stu- dents would walk up or down Douglas Road. The north side of Douglas Road has sidewalks. However, the south side has none. Students would be forced to walk eight to ten blocks on the shoulder of a very busy street. This section of Douglas Road is lined with business establish- ments and high density apartment buildings. The photo- graphs attached to Exhibit 20 of the July 20, 1970 report demonstrate the nature of the safety hazard caused by the construction of a new sewer system in this area. This is a serious impediment to pairing these two schools. Additionally, the Dade School has a 68% Spanish language origin pupil population requiring a Bilingual Education program. The Tucker School has two pro- grams for the under-privileged pupil (PLAD and Head Start). Thus the same problems of duplication exist as discussed above in the pairing of the Santa Clara and Allapattah Schools. The School Board attributes a great deal of educa- tional significance to the difference between a graded and an ungraded curriculum. The primary emphasis is upon the difficulty of the students to adjust in converting from one program to the other. The Court presumes that this problem will be overcome in the first year. However, since both schools will need to be on a graded program a decided educational advantage will be lost to those stu- dents who now attend, or would attend, the Dade School. This is a significant consideration. The Court must reject the HEW pairing plan. ! App. 638 Arcola Lake and. Van E. Blanton Elementary Schools The relative capacities of these two schools are con- ducive to pairing. However, approximately 400 additional students would require transportation. Without the con- struction of a bridge at Northwest 12th Avenue at an estimated cost of $13,000 and a 120-day delay, those stu- dents who would be required to walk would have to cross the Little River Canal at either the extreme east end or the extreme west end of the attendance zone. Those stu- dents crossing at the westerly end would travel through residential zones. Those students crossing at the easterly end would be required either to travel along Northwest 7th Avenue or take a substantially longer and less direct route through the residential areas. The danger to the students presented by crossing at either of the two bridges and the danger of walking many blocks up heavily travelled Northwest 7th Avenue or over busy Northwest 95th Street is substantial. Even if a bridge were con- structed, those students who would use it would be re- quired to walk many blocks north and south along North- west 12th Avenue and to cross Northwest 95th Street twice a day. The distances and the dangers related there- to make it unsafe to require the pairing of these two schools at this time. By separate order the Court will instruct the Bi-racial Committee to make a further investigation of the possibility of pairing these schools. The Court also is concerned that by pairing the “pod type” Arcola Lake School with the traditional Blanton School that a great deal of the educational superiority of the “pod type” school will be lost. The capacity problem that exists in the pairing of the Colo- nial Drive and Martin Schools is not present here but the App. 64 students will be required to make the adjustment which does have significant educational implications. Holmes Complex, Little River and Edison Elementary Schools The Little River School has a significant enrollment of Spanish language origin pupils as well as a Head Start program, as well as the only Follow Through Program in the school system. The Holmes Complex School has four programs for the disadvantaged pupils (PLAD, Mobile Reading Center, Talent Development and Head Start). Since the Head Start programs work with five- year-olds this factor is discounted but is still a considera- tion. The duplication of efforts involved here, considering that the Edison Park School has no special programs, makes grouping of these schools educationally and ad- ministratively impractical. The relative capacities of the schools also make grouping impossible. All of the schools are presently over capacity. The Edison Park School which houses only five grades has no space for portables. The Holmes Com- plex School has room for only five portables which ap- pear to be needed to house the over-capacity of 135 students. If the Edison Park sixth grade were returned to the grouping, the over-capacities would be even greater. The expected enrollments cannot be split be- tween these schools in any other fashion. Likewise it is impossible to pair the Holmes Complex School with the Little River School. By splitting the grades 1 to 3 and 4 to 6, the Little River School would require five portables to house the over-capacity. By baer App. 65 splitting the grades 1 to 4 and 5 to 6 the Holmes Con- plex School would exceed its maximum capacity using portables. It should be noted that the Little River School is Specially designed as a feeder school for Miami Edison Middle School. Although the three schools are rather closely grouped and the Department of Traffic and Transportation could create safe crossings of the major streets in the area, the Court feels a concern for safety simply because of the sheer numbers of students which will be required to walk to school. Lorah Park, Gladeview, Hialeah and Curtiss Elementary Schools The existence of the Seaboard Coastline Railroad tracks and the surrounding industrial and commercial area is a total impediment to either pairing, grouping, or rezoning these schools, There are three available ;east- west streets which cross this area, none of which could be made reasonably safe because of the nature of the traffic in the area. Since the schools are substantial distances apart, all walking students will be requir to walk much greater distances of up to two miles. Pairing or rezoning would require transportation for an additional 475 to 525 students. The capacities of the schools would permit a pair- ing of the Hialeah and Lorah Park Schools but the pairing of the Hialeah and Gladeview Schools is fore- closed. App. 66 The Lorah Park School has two programs for the disadvantaged pupils (PLAD and Head Start) while the Gladeview School has three (PLAD, Mobile Reading Center and Head Start). The Hialeah School has a Bi- lingual Education program for its 60% Spanish language origin students and while the Curtiss School does not as yet heve a Bilingual Education program, it is expected that it will soon require one as the percentage of Spanish language origin students increases above 44%. As dis- cussed above, a pairing or rezoning plan would require a duplication or loss of all these programs thus con- stituting a further impediment to desegregating these schools. | JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS B. T. Washington, Citrus Grove and Ada Merritt Junior High Schools The Court reluctantly but emphatically finds that the grouping of these schools is impossible under every con- sideration. The Merritt School is expected to be at least 200 stu- dents over capacity and there is no room for portables. The Citrus Grove School is expected to be at least 50 stu- dents over capacity even though it is utilizing a 10-hour day schedule and there is no room for portables. Con- sidering the limited capacities of these schools it is im- possible to house an entire grade level of students from all three schools at either of these two schools. If the Merritt and Washington Schools were paired an even greater over-capacity would be created at the App. 67 Merritt School while a substantial under capacity would be created at the Washington School. In a like manner, by housing the combined eighth and ninth grades at the Washington School, the Citrus Grove and Washington Schools could be paired. However, Citrus Grove has ca- pacity for the combined seventh grades only if it remains on the 10-hour day. This is totally impractical, particular- ly when the size and location of the two zones is con- sidered. In addition to the 10-hour day at the Citrus Grove School there is a Bilingual Education program for the schools’ predominantly Spanish language origin popula- tion. The Merritt School is in an identical situation. The Washington School is specially designed both education- ally and in physical plant to provide an experimental pilot and research program for disadvantaged youth, all of whom are Black. Any pairing, grouping or rezon- ing plan would effectively disrupt these special educa- tion programs. The Court notes that both the Washing- ton and Merritt Junior High Schools have two programs in common for the disadvantaged pupil (Curriculum Guidance Project and Neighborhood Youth Corps). Because these three schools have a high concentra- tion of pupils immediately surrounding the school there are only two bridges that could be used to cross the Miami River, (Northwest 12th Avenue and Northwest 5th Street), because most walking students will take the most direct route. There are well over 4500 students in these three attendance zones. If the schools are grouped, approximately one-third will require transportation. Ap- proximately the same number would be required to cross the Miami River. As discussed above in connection with App. 68 the Riverside School, the Northwest 5th Street Bridge is a seriously dangerous bridge. The safety hazards in- volved in the number of students crossing the Miami River twice a day is substantial. The Court finds that there is no practical method by which these schools can be desegregated. Allapattah, R. E. Lee Junior High Schools and Miami Edison Middle School | } The grouping of these three schools is foreclosed by the capacities. The Miami Edison Middle School is, as its name implies, a true middle school which means that the educational program is uniquely designed for a spe- cific purpose. All of the elementary feeder schools have educatioral programs specially designed to prepare the students for the middle school. A middle school houses only grades 6 to 8. The Court feels that the middle school concept should be kept intact. The Allapattah Junior High School houses the sixth grade from the Allapattah Ele- mentary School. The Lee Junior High School is a tradi- tional school with grades seven through nine. With two sixth grades, three seventh grades, three eighth grades, and two ninth grades, the only way to group these schools is to house the two sixth grades with the two ninth grades. The Lee Junior High School has no space for additional portables. The Miami Edison Middle School has space for only four additional portables. The Alla- pattah Junior High School has space for many additional portables. Although space could be made available at the Allapattah Junior High School there is not sufficient space either to bring in the 453 students in the ninth grade at the Miami Edison Senior High School or to drop f App. 69 out the sixth grades at the Miami Edison Middle and Allapattah Junior High Schools. Grouping creates a rambling zone which would re- quire almost every student to cross one of three heavily travelled streets (Northwest 7th Avenue, Northwest 36th Street and Northwest 54th Street) and traverse one of two heavily used North-South Expressway interchanges (Northwest 36th Street and Northwest 54th Street). With approximately 1000 students walking through this area each day a safety hazard is created. The Lee Junior High School has a 58% Spanish language origin population requiring a substantial Bilin- gual Education program. Grouping would require a three- way duplication of programs. This is unreasonable. The School Board has not submitted figures estimat- ing the number of additional students who will require transportation. Considering the rambling zone created within a grouping plan, it is obvious that extensive trans- portation will be required. The pairing of the Lee Junior High and Allapattah Junior High Schools is also impractical because there is no place to put the Allapattah sixth grade. The three schools could be rezoned only by severely gerrymandering the zone lines so that each school would have a similar ratio of white to black students. Of all the seventh, eighth and ninth grade students in the combined attendance zone (including the ninth grade at the Miami Edison Senior High School), approximately 60% are Black students. Simply stated, a rezoning would require App. 70 the majority of students to cross the same streets in the same manner as discussed above. Rezoning would prob- ably require even more additional transportation than under a grouping plan. The Court finds that there is no practical method by which the Allapattah Junior High School can be de- segregated. Brownsville and Miami Springs Junior High Schools. The capacities of these two schools effectively pre- vent their pairing. The Miami Springs Junior High School houses only seventh and eighth grades while the Brownsville Junior High School has the traditional three grades, If the 705 ninth grade students now being housed at the Miami Springs Senior High School were brought back into the pairing, the two schools would be over capacity by 710 students. The only way these two schools could be paired within their capacities is to put the com- bined seventh grade at the Brownsville Junior High School and the combined eighth grades and the one ninth grade at the Miami Springs Junior High School. This results in most students spending only one year at each of two schools before going to a third school. This would completely disrupt the traditional concept of a junior high school and is totally unreasonable. Under either a pairing or rezoning plan approxi- mately 600 additional students would require transporta- tion. Those not being transported would be required to cross the same industrial zone surrounding the Seaboard Coastline Railroad tracks that has been found above to present a serious safety hazard. The northern extension App. 71 of the Miami River does not present a serious safety hazard because many of the Miami Springs Junior High School students are presently crossing it safely. ' Additionally there exists the recurring problem of a Bilingual Education program at one school and a pro- gram for the disadvantaged pupils at the other school. Both schools have the Neighborhood Youth Corps pro- gram. The Brownsville Junior High School has a Work- Experience Program which, for obvious proximity rea- sons, can function effectively only in the Brownsville Community. This program is, itself, a sufficient im- pediment to pairing or rezoning. There is no practical method by which the Browns- ville Junior High School can be desegregated. In addition to the above, the Court’s Order dated July 10, 1970 requested information concerning safety factors at schools which the Court ordered paired or grouped in its Order dated June 26, 1970. The School Board has responded in relation to two recommendations made by the HEW plan and adopted by the Court. With the addition of the traffic control devices rec- ommended by the Department of Traffic and Trans- portation the Court finds that the safety hazards in pair- ing the Rainbow Park and Opa Locka Elementary Schools are not substantial. tet iS, le RADU ah Ne VRE a 18 fae. In regard to the grouping cf the Moton, Perrine and Bel-Aire Elementary Schools the Court remains concerned about the safety hazards that exist in 665 students cross- ing one of the most heavily travelled thoroughfares in Dade — e — lf EG: ae . Pi ENT EET IO LT TTT IEC IIR App. 72 County (U.S. Highway +1). However, with the addition of the traffic control devices recommended by the Depart- ment of Traffic and Transportation and the coordinated efforts of other appropriate governmental agencies the safety hazards will not be substantial. Accordingly, the School Board’s alternative request for a rehearing is denied. The School Board failed to submit information on safety factors concerning the HEW grouping plan re- jected by the Court for the Bunche Park, Parkview and Scott Lake Schools. In reviewing the statistics on ca- pacity the Court finds that the HEW grouping plan is feasible. Using the HEW plan as submitted 850 students would attend the Scott Lake School. However, the most recent statistics show that this would create an over- capacity of only 40 students. The School Board itself intends to house 850 students there in the Fall. In the alternative, the School Board could house the fifth and sixth grades at the Bunche Park School. This would necessitate splitting the Black students who reside in the Bunche Park attendance zone between the remain- ing two schools, according to their capacities. It appears that this plan might necessitate additional transportation and increased walking distances The safety factors appear to be minimal. Therefore, the Court directs the School Board to implement either the HEW grouping plan or, in its discretion, some more de- sirable alternative. No information was submitted on safety factors con- cerning the rejected HEW plan of pairing the Young and Westview Schools. The Court, however, reaffirms its prior 7 EO RE AO LER RAT ENT ) AE OE IPE Se oe LOR RE Os é ee eT ee ee » a App. 73 finding that since there is but one crossing for Opa Locka Boulevard, ! 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BF sak —annmne A elles sfetetes fro . ee. 5 ar . 2 - - 2 Ne son Bs 4 = \: ad agi si : DATE A Oe tp i amen App. 95 1970-71 BOARD PLAN School Grade W B T %B Capacity Lewis. A. L. ......... 16 18 582 600 97 600 Fla. City... 146 400 50 450 11 360 W. Homestead ........ 1-6 111 679 790 86 600 Cooper, N. K. .......... 1-6 567 108 675 16 690 Redondo ................. 1-6 400 0 400 0 360 TOTALS ....... 1496-1419 2915 49 2610 1970-71 RECOMMENDED PLAN School Grade W B T %B Capacity Lewin A. iy a... 1-6 377 358 785 49 600 Pe Ree 1-6 235 223 458 49 360 W. Homestead ........ 1-6 352 333 685 49 600 Cooper, N. K. .......... 1-6 296 281 577 49 690 WO shane 1-6 236 224 460 49 360 MUIR 1496 1419 2915 49 2610 Junior High Schools There are no junior high schools in the South District projected to enroll more than 85 per cent black students. Several residents have proposed a plan — the Roberts plan — to change the boundaries of Richmond Heights Junior High School (Southwest District), involving a correspond- ing boundary change for Cutler Ridge and Palmetto Junior High Schools (South District). Inasmuch as Richmond Heights Junior High School is projected to be 61 per cent ee a en on Owns Sree ag (aM en arnt tesa cient NR a WI hal, tk Rts «ts iy ee AO eo a ke App. 96 black, Cutler Ridge to be 20 per cent black, and Palmetto Junior High School to be 1 per cent black, no reeommenda- tion is made concerning these schools. The Roberts plan is carefully developed, however, and appears to have educa- tional merit; the school board may find it desirable to adjust the boundaries so that a greater degree of desegre- gation can be effected. 1970-71 BOARD PLAN School Grade W B y motes, Be. B, .... 16 18 642 ~~ #655 TS pee 1-6 396 4 400 Bel-Aire _.................. 1-6 525 0 525 sy iy VF. See ae 934 646 1580 1970-71 RECOMMENDED PLAN School Grade W B z mon, KR. _........ 5-6 312 216 528 oe 1-4 249 172 £421 SS enna 1-4 378 258 631 sy (* een 934 646 1580 Senior High Schools The two senior high schools in the South District will %B Capacity 98 810 1 420 0 600 41 1830 %B Capacity 41 810 41 420 41 600 41 1830 both be desegregated according to the Dade County plan, and no recommendation is made. Toad ag App. 97 SOUTHWEST DISTRICT Elementary Schools The Frank C. Martin School is the only elementary school which has a black enrollment of more than 85 per cent. Since there is no access across the canal to the north, it will not be possible to desegregate this school unless transportation is used. No recommendation is made. The school system’s plan to discontinue J. R. E. Lee School as an elementary center and distribute the children among four neighboring schools has been objected to. The wisdom of phasing Lee out as an elementary center was questioned by intervenors when adjoining schools are using approximately 10 portables or when one of the ad- joining schools might be more appropriate than Lee for change. The question of whether discriminatory action was involved in the board’s plan for Lec -an be answered only by the Court, and this report is not concerned with the wisdom of board action except as it affects the de- segregation of schools. A desegregated situation would result in either event. Junior High Schools The only junior high school concerning which ques- tions have been raised is Richmond Heights. This was dis- cussed supra in the South District section. Senior High Schools ‘., Miami Killian and Miami Southwest Senior High Schools are both proposed to be desegregated schools App. 98 under the Dade County plan. There are no black students living within a reasonable distance of Miami Coral Park Senior High School. No recommendations are made con- cerning the senior high schools in the Southwest District. NORTHWEST DISTRICT Elementary Schools There are 27 elementary schools in the Northwest District with a projected enrollment of 20,030 pupils, 3,798 or 19 per cent of whom are black. Nine of the schools are projected to be all-white. There are four elementary schools which would be enrolling more than 85 per cent black students under the school board’s plan: Bunche Park, North County, Rainbow Park, and Nathan Young. Bunche Park. This school can be effectively deseg- regated by grouping it with Parkview and Scott Lake Elementary Schools. Fifth and sixth grades could be as- signed to Bunch Park and grades 1-4 assigned to Scott Lake and Parkview in line with their capacities. No trans- portation would be involved, and all three schools would be effectively desegregated. Data reflecting this recom- mendation follows. North County. North County School cannot be fur- ther desegregated without the use of transportation. No recommendations are made. Rainbow Park. Opa Locka and Rainbow Park Ele- mentary Schools can be rezoned and effectively desegra- gated. No additional transportation would be involved. A map which illustrates how the boundaries for these attend- App. 99 ance zones might be drawn, along with pupil data on the redrawn zones follow. These data and zone boundaries should not be considered absolutes, but be used by the school board as models for further refinement. 1970-71 BOARD PLAN School Grade W B b %B Capacity Bunche Park ........__. 1-6 0 840 840 100 990 SOOCE EO ann scncnnccece 1-6 841 9 850 1 780 a 1-6 505 10 515 2 570 UE. iconic: 1346 859 2205 39 2340 1970-71 RECOMMENDED School Grade W B T %B Capacity Bunche Park ............ 5-6 448 287 735 39 £990 Scott Lake ................ 1-4 519 331 850 39 #780 Parkview ................ 1-4 379 241 620 39 #4570 WORE, Scctncrene 1346 859 2205 39 2340 App. 101 . ; ee ‘ P . ‘ . a —e eves ot ; ee A a Vt "his rare eoroed {2 b= ‘ oz eet’ 63 at ' { ‘ | ’ | ‘ | ' m—e ! ‘. 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Gy Siafe. cr. feeb. s pes «cd e-P Otisataw Pm mp mite lL NiNw & Ss be £ agro Je REFER EL Per PEEP RELL Gee tae 7 LE teE fe ee oe, en ae 2 | i ae a eS cat og jel | Sakae ae ratte = Cae a ee ] See ee for 7% SS RR pte Bye 2 pe agg - q an a Ni ml 4 te = j oa a 2 +4 4 ee 5 wm aneegne aE eee eae : i - Is a ee fe Bao ha fees es Crs | a oa fe 5 | f.. ———}..L 6 — eects emcees lh. A = pee a lal’ whe s\ Lad vnita c al 7 = een a, 9 : ° \ = =| fe 7 reeee fee - See, alae ater ee cz CPLLILIOS rvs BY cor couase y : FLAS, i 4 ~~ mie NS Ty4 ag ae | . Oe -~*1 ce & eee al Se ok : 4: . A y. ¢ ck eu 4 248 f = &. >=: aes fs ” SONG Ce a ere ro? he “sesh Seer Ge pay ®: AY Ci — o. SF ‘ Soi bs =Z tend ot pas mc 7 H S°__cozes oe styii a" Xe ne: x ae be There had been public hearings before while this plan was under administrative preparation. App. 138 Miami, Florida, February 3, 1970. THE COURT: The Court makes the following find- ings on the basis of the evidence adduced by the Board in its proffer as to the 21 black schools in the plan for the school year beginning in September, 1970. 1. Three new elementary schools will have been con- structed and ready for occupancy. 2. Some 60 to 70 portable classrooms are to be shifted. 3. All dual and optional zones will be eliminated. 4. Of the anticipated enrollement of 244,000 students some 57,911 will be black. 5. The total number of schools in operation will be 219, of which an estimated 148 will be integrated and 21 will be all black. 6. The 21 black schools, four of which were formerly all white, are located where a high concentration of black people live. 7. To desegregate the 21 black schools would re- quire transportation beyend the attendance zones estab- lished for these schools. 8. The Board now furnished transportation to an estimated 25,000 to 40,000 students living more than two miles from a school. App. 139 9. The policy of the Board is not to furnish trans- portation for the purpose of integration, although it does so to overcome crowded conditions. 10. The Superintendent of the Board admitted on cross examination, subject to necessary feasibility studies, that by transporting an estimated 14,000 students a dis- tance up to five or six miles at an annual cost of $50 to $75 per pupil, one all black high school and four all black junior high schools can be integrated. 11. The Board is utilizing its allowable full tax millage, has an annual budget of 70 to 75 million dollars and is urgently in need of more funds. CERTIFICATE. STATE OF FLORIDA SS COUNTY OF DADE I, George E. Ahern, Official Court Reporter, do hereby certify that the foregoing transcript, pages 1 to 241 is a true and correct transcription of my shorthand notes as taken by me at the hearing on motions in the above en- titled cause at the time and place aforesaid. DATED at Miami, Florida, this 5th day of February, 1970. /s/ George E. Ahern Official Court Reporter App. 140 [TITLE OMITTED] ORDER The Court has timely received the plan of the Dade County School Board for desegregation of its school system for the school year 1970-71 and time for filing objections has now passed. The School Board plan does not indicate that it has been considered or approved by the Florida School Desegregation Consulting Center. By order of August 29, 1969 this Court approved the previous consultation of the School Board with the Florida School Desegregation Consulting Center and directed the School Board to continue this in formulating a final plan. On January 30, 1970 the Court was presented with a mo- tion by Intervenors, Dade County Classroom Teachers As- sociation, to amend the Order of January 26, 1970 so as to require the Florida School Desegregation Consulting Center to design and submit a plan for the operation of a unitary school system in Dade County. The Court deferred ruling at that time. Subsequent to the entry of this Court’s Order of Jan- uary 26, 1970 the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals has en- tered a ruling that, on its face, seems to contradict the substance of that order. Ellis v. The Board of Public In- struction of Orange County, Florida, Slip Opinion No. 29124 (Feb. 17, 1970). The appeal to the Fifth Circuit from the January 26 Order has not been ruled upon. In light of this set of circumstances the Court feels it would be extremely helpful if it had the benefit of the facilities and experience of the Desegregation Center. It is therefore 0d. NEST. = — App. 141 ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that Intervenor’s Mo- tion to Amend be and the same is hereby granted to the extent herein provided. e IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that: 1. The Florida School Desegregation Consulting Cen- ter is requested to make a thorough study of the plan pro- posed by the School Board and the objections filed by the intervenors; 2. The School Board shall lend every assistance to the Center and cooperate fully with its efforts. 3. The Center is requested to file a report of its study and, if it finds deficiencies in the plan or merit in the objections, to submit its recommendations and any pro- posed plan it might deem advisable to formulate by May 15, 1970. 4. The present hearing on objections is postponed until May 22, 1970 at 9:30 a.m. to allow sufficient time both for the Fifth Circuit to rule on the appeal and the Center to submit its recommendations. 5. No petition for leave to intervene shall be heard unless it is properly noticed for one of the two intervening regular motion calendars on April 27, 1970 or May 11, 1970. DONE AND ORDERED at Miami, Florida this 16th day of April, 1970. C. CLYDE ATKINS United States District Judge PEE TORAPNPOT N fet SS ere a App. 142 ec. Dr. Gordon Foster Florida School Desegregation Consulting Center University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida All Counsel of Record [TITLE OMITTED] SCHOOL BOARD’S REPLY TO MEMORANDUM OPINION AND MOTION FOR REHEARING COMES NOW the Defendant, DADE COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD, by and through its undersigned attor- neys, and submits its reply to the Memorandum Opinion of June 26, 1970. Attached hereto are Exhibits 1 through 9, the first eight of which relate to matters upon which the Court invited the School Board to make comment, and Exhibit 9 which relates to rules and regulations proposed by the ‘ School Board for the implementation of a majority to minority transfer policy. + 2 2 @ @ Respectfully submitted, BOLLES, GOODWIN, RYSKAMP & WARE Attorneys for Defendants 1410 N. E. Second Avenue Miami, Florida 33132 Vey /s/ George C. Bolles GEORGE C. BOLLES, Of Counsel App. 143 Exhibits 1 and 2 eliminated. Not pertinent. July 1, 1970 ALLAPATTAH AND BUENA VISTA ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS If these two schools were paired, the racial ratio would be approximately 70 percent Black and 30 percent White which is considered undesirable as experienced in the Lee-Ludlam pairing. In addition, Allapattah houses only grades 1-5 and Buena Vista houses 1-6. This would create some special problems. If the sixth grade of Buena Vista had to be placed at Allapattah Junior High School, which houses the sixth grade of Allapattah Elementary, it would mean they would attend this school for only one year and then proceed to the Junior High School in their area, which would be Robert E. Lee Junior High School. The pupil population of Buena Vista Elementary School is 88% Spanish Language Origin. This requires special programs (see attachment) for the newly arrived Cuban refugee pupils as well as those pupils that are con- tinuing te learn English as a second language. Pairing these schools would require a duplication of and an in- crease of special service personnel to provide the necessary programs. Also, the pairing of these two schools would require transportation for approximately 250 pupils. At the pres- ent time there are no transported pupils at either school. App. 144 Upon consideration of the above data the School Board voted to recommend to the Court that the Board plan be adopted. EXHIBIT 3 DADE COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS PROGRAM IN BILINGUAL EDUCATION 1969-1970 Since early 1961 there has been a heavy influx of Spanish-speaking pupils into the Miami area. By 1970 the number of Spanish-speaking pupils in the Dade County Public Schools reached 50,343. The unique instructional needs of these pupils are now being served through three major programs, English as a second languege, Spanish-S and the bilingual schools. English as a Second Language Many pupils attending the Dade County Public Schools speak little or no English. Because these pupils have edu- cational needs which are quite different from those of native English-speaking pupils, it is important that their reeds be recognized and that the necessary provisions be made for meeting them. The challenge of making adequate educational provisions for non-English-speaking children has been met by establishing special classes in English as a second language. These classes are offered in the elemen- tary, junior and senior high schools whicn have a large non-English-speaking enrollment. During the 1969-1970 school year, approximately 8,914 pupils were enrolled in English as a second language classes. Non-English-speak- ing pupils at all levels are classified on the basis of their App. 145 proficiency in English and grouped homogenously accord- ing to their language ability. Pupils knowing little or no English are classified as non-independents, these knowing some English but still needing special attention are classi- fied as intermediate, those knowing English well enough to participate in the regular curriculum are classified as independents. The non-independents receive up to three hours of special instruction in English a day; the inter- mediates, up to two hours; and the independents, up to one hour. Pupils assigned to one hour of English may be offered English SL or they may be given the regular English courses offered to English-speaking pupils. Schedules are flexible. Pupils are reclassified and trans- ferred as their progress dictates. Both “self contained” and “pull-out” English SL programs are offered. The English instruction received by non-English- speaking pupils is English as a second language. Audio- lingual techniques are emphasized, but reading and writ- ing also receive attention. Regardless of whether the time devoted to English SL is one, two or three hours, the high school students receive English credit equivalent to the credit given to English-speaking students. That is, at the high school level students may have English SL for three hours but get one unit of credit. Ordinarily, non-English- speaking pupils spend approximately two years in progress- ing from non-independent to independent, but some make faster progress and some slower. In the elementary school, non-English-speaking pupils are promoted or retained largely in terms of their achievement in English SL and arithmetic. Inservice programs for training English SL teachers are offered regularly by the County Inservice Department and the Office of Dilingual Education. App. 146 Spanish-S The elementary schools and the junior and senior high schools which have large numbers of Spanish-speaking pupils are offering special classes in Spanish for native Spanish-speaking pupils. These classes provide an instruc- tional program in the Spanish language arts. The program, Spanish-S, is designed to help the native speaker of Spanish develop and expand his level of literacy in his native language and develop an appreciation for his cultural heritage. At the secondary level, Spanish-S is assigned credit equivalent to the credit in Spanish offered to English- speaking pupils. During the 1969-1970 school year almost 14,609 Spanish-speaking pupils were enrolled in Spanish-S classes. All classes are taught by native speakers of Spanish. Special Cuban culture courses have been offered for two consecutive years to advanced Spanish-S students at Miami Senior, with the cooperation of the Division of Continuing Education at the University of Miami. Three instructors from the Division conduct classes in Cuban art, literature, history and geography, all of which are co- ordinated by the regular Spanish teacher at the high school. These courses are expected to continue through 1970-1971 also. July 6, 1970 DOUGLAS AND RIVERSIDE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS The original enrollment projection for Douglas Ele- mentary School was 1,400 pupils for the 1970-1971 school year while Riverside Elementary School has a projected App. 147 enrollment of 1,845 pupils. Indications are that the River- side enrollment will be approximately 100 pupils over the estimated membership for 1970-71 due to the fact that this is one of the major receiving areas for refugee pupils. Pairing of the Riverside and Douglas Elementary Schools would involve approximately 3,300 pupils. Assum- ing that the grade levels were split so that grades 1-3 were housed in one facility and grades 4-6 were housed in the other, approximately 1,600 - 1,700 five-to-twleve- year old pupils would have to cross the Miami River which is the natural boundary line between the two schools. While there are three bridges crossing the river, indica- tions are that the majority of pupils would use the Fifth Street bridge as a route between the two schools. This would be a very dangerous situation for such a great number of pupils crossing at a point where there is major traffic congestion during the hours that the pupils are going to and from school. It is estimated that this pairing would require the transportation of approximately 225 pupils who are now within walking distance to school. The Riverside Elementary School is geared to present an instructional program which meets the needs of Spanish speaking pupils. (see attachment). The basis for organized instruction in the Riverside Elementary School is the English proficiency of the Spanish speaking pupils. This grouping permits emphasis on the acquisition of language patterns as developed through English as a second lan- guage program and permits instruction in Spanish, the native language of 97.5 per cent of the Riverside Ele- mentary School pupils. App. 148 In addition, the present plans at Riverside Elementary School are to implement again a beginning reading pro- gram taught in Spanish to native speakers of Spanish, with the intention of improvement of reading perform- ance. This program was temporarily interrupted in Feb- ruary, 1970 with the transfer of teachers. If Douglas Elementary School and Riverside Ele- mentary School were paired, the programs with the refugee pupils would require, to a large extent, segregation of the Spanish speaking pupils for instructional purposes. A duplication and increase of special service personnel would be required to provide the necessary programs. Upon consideration of the above data the School Board voted to recommend to the Court that the Board plan be adopted. Attachment EXHIBIT 4 July 6, 1970 BUENA VISTA, DUNBAR, MIRAMAR, WEST DUNBAR AND PHYLLIS WHEATLEY ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS In attempting to involve these five schools in a group- ing plan several major problems must be recognized. If these schools were grouped or paired it would in- volve over 4,000 pupils of whom approximately 54 percent are Black. Included in the present population of the West Dunbar Elementary School are Spanish-speaking pupils who are transported there for orientation programs from schools other than those in the suggested grouping. App. 149 Forty-one percent of the total enrollment of the five schools is of Spanish Language Origin and require special programs (see attachment). Special programs offered to the disadvantaged pupils would be in conflict with the Spanish as a second language program. Resources relating to materials and personnel would have to be duplicated and materially increased in order to maintain the present programs, The grouping of the five schools will result in addi- tional transportation depending on the housing of the various grade levels in the schools paired or grouped. More pupils must walk greater distances and pupils will be required to cross several major traffic arteries as well as the railroad crossings. The administrative complexity of treating five district attendance areas as one presents a situation which is not administratively feasible. The HEW report suggested the grouping of Dunbar, Buena Vista and Miramar. This would require pupils to walk greater distances but would not involve any signifi- cant number of pupils in transportation. The ratio balance is considered unfavorable. The ratio in grouping the three schools would be approximately 48 percent Black. Upon consideration of the above data the School Board voted to recommend to the Court that the Board plan be adopted. EXHIBIT 5 f i/ Avr. 150 COMSTOCK AND KELSEY PHARR ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS The pupil population of the Comstock Elementary School is 84 per cent Spanish Language Origin. This re- quires special programs (see attachment) for these pupils who are continuing to learn English as a second language. The pairing of these schools would require a duplication of special service personnel to continue these special pro- grams at both schools. Present indications are that with the increasing num- ber of Cuban Refugee pupils continuing to enter into the Dade County Public Schools that the membership projec- tion for 1970-71 at the Comstock Elementary School is understated by several hundred pupils. This siznificant in- crease in Spanish speaking pupils will require a consider- able expansion in the orientation program. The staff at Comstock is geared to handle this influx of Spanish speak- ing pupils while pairing with Kelsey Pharr would require duplication of special service personnel and impair the instructional program. As stated in the court order, the pairing of these ewe schools would require the transportation of approximately 123 pupils who are presently within walking distance to school. The additional pupils mentioned in the previous paragraph could increase the number of transported pupils. Under the majority/minority transfer policy any pupil at Kelsey Pharr could transfer to a predominately White school with transportation as ordered by the Court. Upon consideration of the above data the School Board voted to recommend to the Court that the Board plan be adopted. Attachment EXHIBIT 6 App. 151 Exhibit 7 eliminated. Not pertinent. DADE AND TUCKER ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS The HEW plan would pair Dade and Tucker Elemen- tary Schools, bringing back into this area the fifth and sixth graders who have been attending either the Carver or Coconut Grc7ze Elementary Schools. This would create an over-capacity of approximately 100 pupils at each school. If these two schools are paired, the ratio would be approximately 55 percent Black. This was found to be undesirable in previous experience with pairing. Another problem will be that 68% of the pupil popula- tion of Dade Elementary School is of Spanish language origin and requires special programs (see attachment) that are not part of the curriculum at Tucker Elementary. The pairing of these schools would require a duplication of special service personnel to carry on this program at both schools. In addition, Dade Elementary has an un- graded [Text truncated at 120,000 characters. The full text is on the page linked above.] --- Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/brief%3Amicro_IA40385605_0957%3A1. Public record. Not legal advice.