# Amicus Curiae Brief — Washington v. Glucksberg

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URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/brief%3Amicro_IA40385014_0007%3A20

## Record

- **Collection:** Supreme Court brief
- **Document type:** Amicus Curiae Brief
- **Published:** January 1, 1997
- **Citation:** 521 U.S. 702

## Text

\ WU Zi

~~

Nos. 95-1858 and 96-110

In THE E s
Supreme Court of the United _

OCTOBER TERM, 1996

DENNIS C. Vacco, Attorney General of the State
of New York, et al.,

- Petitioners,

Timothy E. Qui tt, M.D., et ail.,
Respondents.

On Writ of Certiorari to the
United States Court of Appeals
for the Second Circuit

STATE OF WASHINGTON, ef al.,

7 Petitioners,

HAROLD GLUCKSBERG, M.D., et al.,
Respondents.

On Writ of Certiorari to the
United States Court of Appeals
for the Ninth Circuit

BRIEF AMICUS CURIAE ON BEHALF OF
MEMBERS OF THE NEW YORK
AND WASHINGTON STATE LEGISLATURES
IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONERS

PAUL BENJAMIN LINTON *
CLARKE D. FORSYTHE
AMERICANS UNITED FOR LIFE

343 S. Dearborn Street Suite 1804
Chicago, Illinois 60604

(312) 786-9494

_November 7, 1996 * Counsel of Record

WILSON - Eres PrinTtiING Co., Inc. - 789-0096 - WASHINGTON, D.C. 20001

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ~..002000........ceccccscececseeeseeseeee

INTEREST OF THE AMICT ..02002.2......cccccececceceseeeeennees

SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT 0002 eects

IE Sibbiltrecitnietnentsisinntintimmacninspionnsion dontenagasiee
I. THE LIBERTY LANGUAGE OF THE DUE

Il.

ITI.

IV.

PROCESS CLAUSE OF THE FOURTEENTH
AMENDMENT PROTECTS ONLY THAT
CONDUCT WHICH IS IMPLICIT IN THE
CONCEPT OF ORDERED LIBERTY AND
WHICH, HISTORICALLY AND TRADITION-
ALLY, IS CONSIDERED BEYOND THE
POWER OF THE STATE TO PROHIBIT ..........

THE COMMON LAW OF ENGLAND, AS
RECEIVED BY THE AMERICAN COLONIES,
PROHIBITED SUICIDE AND ATTEMPTED
ITED cncartniicsteinctiinsiteitensnniintescntacasiiiimnasnmermanenasseses

ALTHOUGH THE PENALTIES FOR SUICIDE
AND ATTEMPTED SUICIDE ULTIMATELY
FELL INTO DISFAVOR IN AMERICAN
LAW, THE STATES HAVE RETAINED A
STRONG AND COMPELLING INTEREST IN
THE PRESERVATION OF HUMAN LIFE
AND IN THE PREVENTION OF SUICIDE...

BOTH THE SECOND CIRCUIT AND THE
NINTH CIRCUIT ERRED IN EQUATING
SUICIDE WITH THE REFUSAL OF UN-
WANTED LIFE-SUSTAINING MEDICAL
a

I ccrccicintnitadinnesnarntiminsiiastncsccemipeiennisinipeantigiaaatwcestintes

APPENDIX—List of the Amici ..20.00.000........cceceeeceeeenes

Page

15

23
30

la

ii
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES

Cases: Page

Barber v. Superior Court, 196-Cal. Rptr. 484 (Ct.
CD 26

Bartling v. Superior Court, 208 Cal. Rptr. 220
(CR, ABD. 1986) .2.ccr-cccccerecesesscecesenesvesonrnencemstnansensins 26

Benard v. Protected Home Circle, 146 N.Y.S. 282
(Amp. Div. 1916) .....2.00.cr-ccosvsccerssovessensnessonsvevenssees 16

Bigelow v. Berkshire Life Ine. Co., 98 U.S. 284
| a 16
Blackburn v. State, 28 Ohio St. 146. (1872) ........... 20

Bohaker v. Travelers Ine, Co., 102 N.W. 342 (Maas.
on EEE Lo 16

Bouvia v. Superior Court, 225 Cal. Rptr. 297 (Ct.
BBD... WOBE)D .....-~202--.002000-s2errcr-nernnevesnseeneseessessassrsssssorss 26
Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 U.S, 186 (1986) ............... 6

Brophy v. New Bngland Sinaé Hospital, Inc., 497

N.E.2d 626 (Mass. 1986) 2...0....00..020.cc00ccceeeeees 27
Brown v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., 7 N.W.2d 21

CBW BOG) ...0n.0cceeenrecccvscercarsocrsosesecssssvsossnsveosoreresers 16
Campbell v. Supreme Conclave Improved Order

Heptasophs, 49 A. 550 (N.J. 1901)....................... 16
Chanslor v. State, 697 S.W.2d. 398 (Tex. Cr. App.

BOGIIDD eneecesnccocessseceitoesniecsensinacctinssecittinientntmeiamen 21
Collins v. City of Harker Heights, Texas, 503. U.S.

Tf) ee ee 5
Commonwealth v. Bowen, 138 Mass. 356 (1816)... 18

Commonwealth v. Hicks, 82 S.W. 265 (Ky. 1904).. 18
Commonwealth v. Mink, 123 Mass. 422. (1877).... 16, 18
Commonwealth v. Swartzentruver, 389 A.2d 181

CH, Beane, TOG anccnnevvnceccceveccccvoncosessscosscscssecseneess 21
Commonwealth v. Wright, 11 Pa. D. 144 (Ct.

Quarter Sess., Phil. County 1902) ......................... 14
Compassion in Dying v. State of Washington, 79

F.3d 790: (9th Cir. 1996) 0.020.000 cceeeees passim
Compassion in Dying v. State of Washington, 85

F.3d 1440 (9th Cir. 1996) —..002 ee 9, 25
Connecticut Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Groom, 86 Pa.

GB CIBIDD cccccccstscssssticnsssnitiininimini 14, 19
Crook v. State, 160 So.2d 884 (Ala. 1963) ............... 17

Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Dep’t of Health, 497
TB. BBR CICOOD cnceneecescmtmnsnniienl passim

—-

ili
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continued

De Grella by and through Parrent v. Elaton, 858
S.W.2d 698 (Ky. 1993) |

Dickerson v. Northweatern Mut. Life Ine. Co. 65
N.E. 694 (Ill. 1902) |

Dugan »v. areunemmemaan 333 ‘$.W.2d 155 (Ky.
1960) .

Edinburgh ». v. State, 896 P.2d 1176 (Okla. Cr. App.

)

Richner v. Dillon, “426 N.Y.S.2d 517 (App. ‘Div.
1980), aff'd as modified sub nom. In re Storar,
420 N.E.2d 64 (N.Y. 1981) .

Elwood v. New England Mut. Life Ine. Co., 158
A. 257 (Pa. 1981) ..............

FCC wv. Beach Communications, Ine., 508 U.S. 307
(1993) ........

Foamire v. Nicoleau, 551 N.E.2d 77 (N.Y. 1990)

Gentry v. State, 625 N.E.2d 1268 (Ind. App.
1994) |

Gilbert v. "State, 487 So.2d 1185, (Fla. Dist. Ct.
App. 1986), rev. denied, 494 So.2d 1150 (Fla.
1986)

Gladden v. State, 230 A.2d 176 (Md. 1974)

Goodin v. State, 726 S.W.2d 956 (Tex. Cr. App.
1987) ..

— reck ¥. ‘State, 666 So.2d 835 ( Ala. Cr. App.

)

Grand Lodge of Minois, Indep. Order of Mut. Aid
v. Wieting, 48 N.E. 59 (TIl. 1897)

Guardianship of Doe, 583 N.E.2d 1262 (Maas.
1992), cert. denied auh nom. Doe v. Groaa, 503
U.S. 950 (1992)

Hale v. Life Indemnity & Investment Co., 63 N. W.
1108 (Minn. 1895) .....

Hales v. Petit, 1 Plowd. 253, 15 Eng. Rep 387
(Queen’s Bench 1561-1562)

Hinson v. State, 709 S.W.2d 106 (Ark. App.
1986) .

In re Application of Keddie, 1990 WESTLAW 96595
(Del. Super. 1990)

Page
27
16
16

22

22

14, 16

27

22

22

18

22

22

16

27

16

12

21

21

iv

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continued

Page
In re Colyer, 660 P.2d 738 (Wash. 1983) ................ 26
In re Estate of Longeway, 549 N.E.2d 292 (Ill.

ES ee a a a 27
In re Farrell, 529 A.2d 404 (N.J. 1987) ................. 27
In re Fiori, 673 A.2d 905 (Pa. 1996) ........ ileatieneaill 27
In re Gardner, 5384 A.2d 947 (Me. 1987) .............. 27
In re Guardianship of Browning, 568 So.2d 4 (Fla.

REN eee mE Uae 26
In re Guardianship of Grant, 747 P.2d 445 (Wash.

1987), modified, 757 P.2d 5384 (Wash. 1988) . 27
In re Joseph G., 667 P.2d 1176 (Cal. 1983) .......... 21
In re Lawrance, 579 N.E.2d 32 (Ind. 1991) ........... 27
In re L.W., 482 N.W.2d 60 (Wis. 1992) .............. Pe: 27
In re P.V.W., 424 So.2d 1015 (La. 1982) ................ 27
In re Quinlan, 355 A.2d 647 (N.J. 1976), cert.

denied sub nom. Garger v. New Jersey, 429 U.S.

LR ee IE i a a 25
In re Rosebush, 491 N.W.2d 633 (Mich. App.

ISI AE BS SE OE, se 27
In re Thomas C., 228 Cal. Rptr. 430 (Ct. App.

Re rere ees Ae od 22
John Hancock Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Moore, 34

EE ee Se is 18
Leach v. Akron General Medical Center, 68 Ohio

Mise. 1 (1980) .. a 27
Life Ass'n of America v. - Waller, ‘BT Ga. 533

GERI ior cochatisiisstitetesieniiiacia siecle eames aoa pa LS 13, 16, 18
Manhattan Life Ine. Co. v. Beard, 66 S.W. 35 (Ky.

OTE SLE ETO: LIPO SA MOE IN STs 16
Martin v. Commonwealth, 37 S.E.2d 43 (Va.

re ee a St NY ee 22
McConnell v. Beverly Enterprises, Inc., 553 A.2d

I ee. ee 26
McKay v. Bergstedt, 801 P.2d 617 (Nev. 1990). 27

McMahan v. State, 53 So. 89 (Ala. 1910) ............ 16, 17
Moore v. City of East Cleveland, Ohio, 431 U.S.

Ge. GOD ieneciniiiniitlinitiinini em ee 6, 7, 23
Palko v. Connecticut, 302 U.S. 319 (1987) .......... 6,28

v

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continued

Page
Patterson v. Natural Premium Mut. Life Ins. Co.,

75 N.W. 980 (Wis. 1898) ...............------ ee. 16
eee Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Cobbs, 123 So.

94 (Ala. App. 1929) . 16
People v. Cleaves, 280 Cal. ‘Rptr. 146 (Ct. “App.

Pe alin in ae GIR Be Cs eas Ee a 21
People v. Conley, 411 P.2d 911 (Cal. 1966) Aa heat 22
People v. Duffy, 595 N.E.2d 814 (N.Y. 1992)... 21
People v. Kevorkian, 527 N.W.2d 714 (Mich. 1994),

cert. denied sub nom. Kevorkian v. Michigan,

115 S.Ct. 1795 (1995), Hobbins v. — 115

S.Ct. 1795 (1995) ... _.... passim
People v. Matlock, 836 P.2d 505 (Cal. 1959) . 22

People v. Roberts, 178 N.W. 690 (Mich. 1920) _. 19
Persampieri v. Commonwealth, 175 N.E.2d 387

(Mass. 1961) . 21
Phadenhauer v. Germania Life Ine. Co., “64 Tenn.

(7 Heisk.) 567 (1872)... Sa, TF
Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833

(1992) . _ passim
Plunkett v. “Supreme Conclave, ‘Improved Order of

Heptasophs, 55 S.E. 9 (Va. 1906) . 16,19
Poe v. Ullman, 367 U.S. 497 (1961) ..................... 7
Pope v. State, 396 A.2d 1054 (Md. 1978)... 18, 18
Potts v. Barrett Div., Allied Chem. & Dye Corp.,

138 A.2d 574 (N.J. Super. 1958) ... ........ 14, 16
Quill v. Vacco, 80 F.3d 716 (2d Cir. 1996) 2, 4, 23
Ragan v. State, 599 So.2d 276 (Fla. Dist. Ct.

1992) .. 22

Raemuscen ' v. ). Fleming, 741 P.2d 674 (Ariz. 1987). 26
wy v. Alison, 8 Car. & P. 418, 173 Eng. Rep.

ace sie aramne ca nla eR certo 12
Regina v. Burgess, 9 Cox. Crim. Cas. 247, 169
PS i OEE 13
Regina v. Doody, 6 Cox Crim. Cas. 463 (1854) 13
Regina v. Gaylor, 1 Dears. & B. 288, 169 Eng. atid
Eg ES Pees ee 12

Regina v. Jessop, 16 Cox Cr. Cas. 204 (1887) ......... 12

vi
TABLE OF AtITHORITIES—Continued

Page
Regina v. Moore, 8 Car. & K. 319, 175 Eng. Rep.

B71 (1BBB) .--..---. ---cencerensnreneneeneneensnnensnnsnnensnnsnenoees 13
Regina v. Stormonth, 61 J.P. 729 — TTT 12
Reno v. Flores, 507 U.S. 292 (1993) .......... RO Bee 5
Rex v. Abbott, 67 J.P. 151 (1903) -...................--. 12
Rex v. Dyson, Russ. & Ry. 523, 168 Eng. Rep. 930 m

=D ea
ae v. - fe 2 K.B. 107, 83 L.J.K.B. 648 (1914)... 13
Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973) ...............----- 6,7

Rodriguez v. British Columbia (Attorney General),
[1993] 3 S.C.R. 519 .............. Bsns See 29-30

Satz v. Perlmutter, 362 So.2d 160 (Fla. Dist. Ct.
App. 1978), aff'd, 379 So.2d 359 (Fla. 1980)... 26-27
Shipman v. Protected Home Circle, 67 N.E. 83

I PLES aie: Ma 16
Snyder v. Massachusetts, 291 U.S. 97 5
State v. Alley, 594 S.W.2d 381 (Tenn. 1980) ........... 19
State v. Bauer, 471 N.W.2d 363 (Minn. App.

| ee ailhailea 21
State v. Bier, 591 P.2d 1115 (Mont. 1979) .............. 21
State v. Bouse, 264 P.2d 800 (Or. 1953) —............. m 22
State v. Brewton, 395 P.2d 874 (Or. 1964) —............ 22
State v. Buchanan, 5 H. & J. 317 (1821) ~............ as 18
State v. Carney, 55 A. 44 (N.J. 1903) ...................-- 15, 16
State v. Cobb, 625 P.2d 1133 (Kan. 1981) .............. 22
State v. Fischer, 376 P.2d 418 (Or. 1962) -............ 22
State v. Fuller, 278 N.W.2d 756 (Neb. 1979) ........... 22
State v. General Daniel Morgan Post No. 548, 1

S.E.2d 3538 (W. Va. 1959) ..............-.... ane ib 20
State v. Jones, 67 S.E. 160 (S.C. 1910) ....... rere 20
State v. Lafayette, 188 A. 918 (N.J. Common Pleas

BOTT nnnnnennneeesevnencecenenencemenseewsnsnseserencensrennnscnionsceaswonnss 15
State v. Levelle, 13 S.E. 319 (S.C. 1891) _............ . 16, 20
State v. Ludwig, 70 Mo. 412 (1879) .....................--. 22
State v. Marti, 290 N.W.2d 570 (Ia. 1980) ............ 21
State v. Mays, 307 S.E.2d 655 (W. Va. 1983) ....... 22
State v. Sexson, 869 P.2d 301 (N.M. 1994) .......... 21
State v. Stanislaw, 573 A.2d 286 (Vt. 1990) ........... 20

State v. Torrence, 406 S.E.2d 315 (S.C. 1991)........ 16

vii
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continued

State v. Willis, 121 S.E.2d 854 (N.C. 1961)
1975), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 954 (1975)

Saikewicz, 370 N.E.2d 417 (Mass. SEE
Thor v. Superior Court, 855 P.2d 875 (Cal. 1993) ..
Turner v. State, 108 S.W. 1139 (Tenn. 1907)
United States v. Rutherford, 442 U.S. 544 ( 1979)...

Vaux'’s Case, 4 Co. Rep. 44a, 76 Eng. Rep. 992
I er ee ea

Wackwitz v. Roy, 418 S.E.2d 861 (Va. 1992)
Wallace v. State, 116 N.E.2d 100 (Ind. 1953)...

Wyckoff v. Mut. Life Ins. Co. of N.¥., 147 P.2d
227 (Or. 1944)

Statutes:
Alabama:

ALA. DIGEsT, tit. 17, ch. 1, §45, at 214 (H.
SEE ES IS ARE re ea
PENAL Cope, No. 138, ch. 3, § 2, 1840-41 Ala. Acts
122 (codified as Supplement to AIKEN’s DIGEST

PENAL CODE, ch. 3, § 2, at 210 (A. Meek ed.
EE a ae aE

ALA. CODE § 13A-3-24(4) (1994)
ALA. CODE § 13A-6-3 (1994) and Commentary
ALA. CODE § 22-8A-10 (1990)

Alaska:

ALASKA STAT. § 11.41.120(a) (2) (Michie 1989)
ALASKA StaT. § 11.81.430(a) (4) (Michie 1989)
ALASKA STAT. § 18.12.080(f) (Michie 1994)

Arizona:
ARIZ. REV. STAT. ANN. § 13-403(4) (West 1989) ..

ARIZ. REV. STAT. ANN. § 13-1103(A) (3) (West
Re NE ctialasnssthieamcinteriaieimmetieide te

ARIZ. REV. STAT. ANN. § 36-3210 (West Supp.
1995) -

oot eweee
POPS S OSSD SOS SSDS SOS OSSSOSOSOOSS SSS SOSSOS OS OSOOCCCSOSSS

TTT Oe Hee Oe HORS TOPO CeCe ee cece

ET SE eee

State ex rel. Swann v. Pack, 527 8.W.2d 99 (Tenn.

Superintendent of Belchertown State School v.

17

viii
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continued

Arkansas: Page

Act of Feb. 16, 1838, printed as ARK. REV. STAT.
ch. XLIV, div. III, art. I], § 4, at 240 (1838)... 17

ARK. CODE ANN. § 5-2-605(4) (Michie 1993) .......... 21

ARK. CODE ANN. § 5-10-104(a) (2) (Michie 1993) .. 19

ARK. CODE ANN. § 20-17-210(g) (Michie 1991) ....... 24
California:

CAL. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE § 7191.5(g) (West

Ee ES A 24

CAL. PENAL CODE § 401 (West 1988) .................... 19
Colorado:

CoLo. REV. STAT. § 15-18-112(1) (West 1987) —...... 24

CoLo. REV. STAT. § 18-1-703(1) (d) (West 1990) .. 21
CoLo. REV. STAT. § 18-3-104(1)(b) (West Supp.

Se icuecitabiaciedaa iia lammiaasaetiaaeai italia 19
Connecticut:
CONN. GEN. STAT. ANN. § 19a-575 (West Supp.
ctrinntitnsnesittitradanesitisatetitetnianiameeeilitatiliaid 25

CONN. GEN. STAT. ANN. § 53a-18(4) (West 1994)... 21
CONN. GEN. STAT. ANN. § 53a-56(a)(2) (West

IT secrtieninititeencincatinemenannneedintenteneniiinlieaa adel 19
Delaware:
DEL. Const. art. 1, § 15 (1792) ..... a we 14

Act of July 12, 1982, § 3, 63 Del. Laws 821 (1981).. 25
DEL. CODE ANN. tit. 11, § 467(e) (1995) 0. 21

DEL. CoDE ANN. tit. 11, § 645 (1995) 0... 19
Florida:
Act of Aug. 6, 1868, ch. 1637 (No. 13), subchap. 3,

§ 9, 1868 Fla. Laws 61, 64 000. 17
FLA. STAT. ANN. § 765.309(1) (West Supp. 1996)... 24
FLA. STAT. ANN. § 782.08 (West 1992) ........... 19

Georgia:
GA. CODE ANN. § 16-5-5(b) (1996) 0.0. 19
GA. CopE ANN. § 31-32-11(b) (1996)... 24
Hawaii:
Haw. REV. StaT. § 327D-13 (Supp. 1992) ................. 24

Haw. REV. STAT. § 703-308(1) (1985) 0.00000. 21

ix
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continued
Page
Idaho:
IDAHO CODE § 18-303 (1987) ........-2....0..cccccceeeceee oa 20
IDAHO CopE § 39-152 (Supp. 1996) .........000.... 25
Illinois:
ILL. Comp. STAT. ANN. ch. 720, § 5/12-31(a) (2)
(Smith-Hurd Supp. 1996) ~~... 19-20
ILL. Comp. STAT. ANN. ch. 755, § 35/9(f) (Smith-
EES e cane nO 24
ILL. Comp. STAT. ANN. ch. 755, § 40/60 (Smith-
ESI ee aR Ls SER CS RR 25
Indiana:
IND. CODE ANN. § 16-36-1-12(c) (Michie 1993) ....... 25
IND. CODE ANN. § 16-36-1-13 (Michie 1993) ....... Sarai 25
IND. CODE ANN. § 16-36-4-19 (Michie 1993) ............. 24
IND. CODE ANN. § 30-5-5-17(b) (Michie Supp.
SITE ccnctcennsertunetnteianedectntatiinledtnndiniocnsitbilisiniinattinshinitit 25
IND. CODE ANN. § 35-42-1-2.5(b) (Michie Supp.
ST ’ cotciscdtiidinninatiansinseteadisenigiveginceednetiendenmmipatiiaiaineds
Iowa:
1owA CoDE ANN. § 144A.11.6 (West 1989) ............... 24

Iowa CODE ANN. § 144B.12.2 (West Supp. 1996) .... 25
Iowa S.F. 2066, to be codified as lowa CoDE ANN.

a al 20
Kansas:
KAN. TERR. STAT. ch. 48, § 8 (1855) .................. la 17
KAN. STAT. ANN. § 21-3406 (1995) 2.00... 20
KAN. STAT. ANN. § 65-28,109 (1992)...
Kentucky:
Ky. REV. STAT. ANN. § 216.302 (Michie 1995) ..........
Ky. REv. STAT. ANN. § 311.639 (Michie 1995) ......... 24
Ky. REV. STAT. § 503.100(1) (a) (Michie 1990) ....... 21
Louisiana:
LA. REV. STAT. ANN. § 14:32.12 (West Supp.
RR es OR ae A ee ee ee a ene aN 20
LA. REv. STAT. ANN. § 40:1299.58.10(A) (West
TT tiieoetthenenniiettipsetatliiabthaiipaataaiadhaaeatiaterntiatitemienaememngueness 24

x
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continued

Maine:
ME. REV. STAT. ANN. tit. 17-A, § 106(6) (West
TIT a aciinsiccentnra si tentselctanataieeatneataalcstihiiiiainatind ai eaeninian
ME. REV. STAT. ANN. tit. 17-A, § 204 (West 1983)..
ME. REV. STAT. ANN. tit. 18-A, § 5-813(c) (West
I, TD eccccocenssssocresisvsuntntoviititiseniatindinanebagtininenians

Maryland:

Mp. ConsT., Declaration of Rights § 24 (1776) .......
Mp. HEALTH-GEN. CODE ANN. § 5-611(c) (1994)...

Massachusetts:

Mass. GEN. LAWS ANN. LAW, ch. 201D, § 12 (West
SS eee

Michigan:

Cass CopE of 1816, Crimes § 58, reprinted in 1
MicH. TERR. LAWS 132-33 (1871) ........................
Micu. Comp. LAWS ANN. § 700.496(20) (West
ES ee See
MicnH. Comp. LAWS ANN. § 750.505 (West 1991)...

Minnesota:

MINN. PENAL Cope, §§ 143, 147 (1885), codified as
MINN. GEN. STAT. §§ 6428, 6432 (1894), recodi-
fied as MINN. REv. LAws, § 4870, repealed by an
Act of Apr. 20, 1911, ch. 293, § 1, 1911 Minn.
A CD a ciniersiasterinditaniicitaicinitasanstdiinainndlaacainiamnitiatine

MINN. TERR. REV. STAT. ch. 100, § 9, at 493 (1851)..

MINN. STAT. ANN. § 145B.14 (West Supp. 1996)..

MINN. STAT. ANN. § 609.06(8) (West 1987) ............

MINN. STAT. ANN. § 609.215 (West 1987 and Supp.
SS Sn eee en oe

Mississippi:

Act of Feb. 15, 1839, ch. 66, tit. 3, § 7, 1839 Miss.
Laws 102, 112, codified as Miss. CopDE ch. 64, art.
12, tit. 3, § 7, at 958 (Hutchinson 1849) ..............

Miss. CoDE ANN. § 41-41-117(2) (1993) —...............

Miss. CopE ANN. § 97-3-49 (1994) —.......000......-.0-......

Page

25
18

se

—— ee

xi
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continuea

Missouri:

Act of Mar. 20, 1835, art. II, codified as Mo. REV.
STAT. Crimes & Punishments, art. II, § 8 at 168
I a i

Mo. ANN. STAT. § 459.055(5) (West 1992)...

Mo. ANN. STAT. § 563.061(5) (West 1979)

Mo. ANN. STAT. § 565.023.1(2) (West Supp. 1996) ..

Montana:

MONT. CODE ANN. § 45-5-105 (1995)
MONT. CODE ANN. § 50-9-205(7) (1995)

Nebraska:

NEB. REV. STAT. ANN. § 20-412(7) (Michie 1995)..
NEB. REV. STAT. ANN. § 28-307 (Michie 1995)
NEB. REV. STAT. ANN. § 28-1412(7) (Michie 1995) ..

Nevada:

Crimes & Punishments Act of 1911, § 115, codified
as NEV. REV. LAWs § 6380 (1912), repealed hy
an Act of Mar. 25, 1913, ch. 238, § 1, 1913 Nev.
a a Se LTS eee ee

Act of Mar. 4, 1957, ch. 35, § 1, 1956-57 Nev. Stat.
59, 59-60, repealed by an Act of Mar. 31, 1961,
ch. 256, § 1, 1961 Nev. Stat. 416, 416

NEV. REV. STAT. ANN. § 449.670(2) (Michie 1991)

New Hampshire:

N.H. Const. pt. 2, art. 89 (adopted 1789)...
N.H. REv. STAT. ANN. § 137-H:13 (1996)...
N.H. REv. STAT. ANN. § 627:6(VI) (1996)...
N.H. REV. STAT. ANN. § 630.4 (1996) 0... 3

New Jersey:

RR 4 FY Fae
Act of May 9, 1957, ch. 34, § 1, 1 N.J. Laws 63, 67
(1957), codified as N.J. REv. STAT. § 2A :170-25.6
(Supp. 1967), repealed by an Act of Feb. 16,
1972, ch. 450, § 3, 1971 N.J. Laws 1934
N.J. STAT. ANN. § 2C :3-7(e) (West 1995)
N.J. STAT. ANN. § 2C:11-6 (West 1995)

Page

21

xii

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continued

N.J. STAT. ANN. § 26:2H-54(d) (West 1996) .........
N.J. STAT. ANN. § 26:2H-54(e) (West 1996) ...........

New Mexico:
N.M. STAT. ANN. ste heiatitchid (Michie Supp.
by asia cilmee enamels ltiialactltaeiadmateanesiaesiaiedeeeiiaasandamaandetes

New York:

Act of July 26, 1881, ch. 676, §§ 174, 178, 1881 N.Y.
Laws (Vol. 3 Penal Code) at 42-43, repealed by
an Act of May 5, 1919, ch. 414, §1, 1919 N.Y.
‘Laws 1193, 1193.

2 N.Y. RE’. STAT. pt. Iv, ch. L tit. L art. 1 Stat
661 (1829) .

N.Y. MENTAL Hyc. ‘Law 89. 01 (McKinney 1996).

N.Y. PENAL LAw § 35.10(4) (McKinney 1987) .......

N.Y. PENAL LAw § 120.30 (McKinney 1987) ............

N.Y. PENAL LAw § 125.15(3) (McKinney 1987) .....

N.Y. Pus. HEALTH LAW amma (3) (McKinney

North Carolina:

N.C. Laws, ch. XXXI, § VI (1715), reprinted in 1
THE FIRST LAWS OF THE STATE OF NORTH CARO-
LINA (John D. Cushing ed. 1984) .

N.C. Laws, ch. V, § II (1778), reprinted 4 in r1 THE
First LAWS OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
(John D. Cushing ed. 1984) ...............................-...

N.C. Laws, ch. XXXI (1787), reprinted in 2 THE
First LAWS OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
(John D. Cushing ed. 1984) —........................ pele

N.C. GEN. STaT. § 14-1(1) (1998) ...............................

N.C. GEN. STAT. § 90-320(b) (1993) .......... a

North Dakota:
G. Hand, REV. CODES OF THE TERRITORY OF DAKOTA,
Penal Code §§ 230, 236 (1877), repealed by an
Act of Mar. 4, 1967, ch. 108, § 1, 1967 N.D. Sess.
Laws 215, 300 . shiieiesicanaansdidbiticuetieiadiaiansilindaiaiai

Se

15

SSERS

a

14

19

14
19
24

15

xiii
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continued

N.D. CENT. CopE § 12.1-05-05(5) (1985) 000000000000.
N.D. CENT. CoDE § 12.1-16-04 (Supp. 1995)...
N.D. CENT. CopE § 23-06.4-01 (1991)
N.D. CENT. CoDE § 23-06.5-01 (1991) 0.

Ohio:
OnI0 REV. CopE ANN. § 2133.12(D) (Anderson
RR Rr ce TE, i SA

Oklahoma:

OKLA. TERR. STAT. 2076 (1890), repealed by an Act
of Jan. 30, 1976, ch. 6, § 2, 1976 Okla. Sess. Laws

OKLA. STAT. ANN. tit. 21, § 643(6) (West 1996)
OKLA. STAT. ANN. tit. 21, § 813 (West 1983)
OKLA. STAT. ANN. tit. 21, § 814 (West 1983).
OKLA. STAT. ANN. tit. 21, § 815 (West 1983)...
OKLA. STAT. ANN. tit. 63, §3101.12(G) (West
I II secehniaeii citer leaden eras actin
Oregon:
Or. GEN. LAWS 1845-1864 (Deady 1866), Code of
Crim. Proc. § 508 at 528 .. M =e
Or. REV. STAT. § 127.800 (Supp. 1996) . ae: oii aial
Or. REV. STAT. § 161.205(4) (1998) ....00 ‘
Or. REv. STAT. § 163.125(1) (b) (1993) 000.
Pennsylvania:
Pa. Cons. STAT. ANN. tit. 18, § 508(d) (West
ene
Pa. CONS. STAT. ANN. ‘tit. 18, § 2505(b) “(West
aT REID i eed 8 ot 65: ea
Pa. Cons. STAT. ANN. tit. 20, = (West
Supp. 1996) . sihadinapilgsetiin inivinaiieaeetill

Rhode Island:

THE EARLIEST ACTS AND LAWS OF THE COLONY OF
RHODE ISLAND AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS,
1647-1719 (John D. Cushing ed. 1977) ............

An Act to reform the penal Laws, § 53 (1798), re-
printed in 2 THE FIRST LAWS OF THE STATE OF
RHODE ISLAND 604 (John D. Cushing ed. 1983)...

RES

=

21

20

14

xiv
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continued

R.I. Pub. Act 96-113, to be codified as R.1. GEN.

RS ee
R.I. GEN. LAWS § 23-4.10-9(f) (Supp. 1995) .............
R.I. GEN. LAWs § 23-4.11-10(f) (Supp. 1995) .....

South Carolina:

1 THE EARLIEST PRINTED LAWS OF SOUTH CARO-
LINA 1692-1734 (John D. Cushing ed. 1978) .......
S.C. Acts, No. 253, § VI (Apr. 9, 1706), reprinted
in 1 THE EARLIEST PRINTED LAWS OF SOUTH
CAROLINA, 1692-1734 (John D. Cushing ed.
1978) . PS ee oe ns ee RS
S.C. Cone “ANN. § 16-1-110 (Law. Co-op. Supp.
GENER EE I aes Oe ee
S.C. CoDE ANN. § 44-77-130 (Law. Co-op. Supp.
DE od dt eeieeit eee See ee ee

South Dakota:

G. Hand, REV. CODES OF THE TERRITORY OF DAKOTA,
Penal Code §§ 230, 236 (1877), recodified as S.D.
CopE § 13.1908 (1939), repealed by an Act of
Feb. 17, 1968, ch. 31, § 1, § 13.1901, 1968 S.D.
Sess. Laws 47, 47 .......... Piva oO ee OS ES

S.D. CopirreD LAWS ANN. § 22-16-37 (Michie
1988) .

S.D. CopIFIED LAWs. ANN. “§ $4-12D-20 “(Michie
EES iilindilcnitib pea eRe Tt silastic ta

Tennessee:
TENN. CODE ANN. § 39-11-613 (1991) 2.000000...
TENN. CODE ANN. § 39-13-216 (Supp. 1995) .........
Texas:

Tex. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE ANN. § 672.020
(West 1992) . as
TEx. PENAL CopE ANN. § 9. 34(a) (West 1994) . dita
Trex. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.08 (West 1994) ...........
Utah:

UTAH Cope ANN. § 75-2-1118 (1993) 0.

17

14

20

24

15

xv
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continued

Vermont:
VT. STAT. ANN. tit. 1, § 271 (1996) —.....000000000.......

Virginia:
Act of Mar. 14, 1848 (Criminal Code), tit. II, ch.
XI, §§ 23, 25, 1847-48 Va. Laws 124 ...

VA. CODE ANN. § 18.2-16 (Michie 1996)...
VA. CODE ANN. § 54.1-2990 (Michie 1994) .............

Washington:

CRIM. CopE, ch. 249, § 134, 1909 Wash. Laws 11th
Sess. 890, 929, codified as Rem. & BAL. CopE
§ 2386 (1910), repealed by WASH. CRIM. CopE,
1975, ch. 260, § 9A.92.010(213)-(217) Wash.
Laws 817, 866, codified as REV. WASH. CopE
§ 9A.92.010(213)-(217) (1977) 0...

WASH. REV. CopE ANN. § 9A.36.060 (West 1988) .

WASH. REV. CopE ANN. § 70.122.100(West Supp.
REET ree Til RIBS BS 0 eh

WASH. REV. CODE ANN. § 71.05.020 (West 1992) .

West Virginia:
W. VA. Cope § 16-30-10 (1995)
Wisconsin:

REVISED STAT. OF THE STATE OF WiIs. ch. 133, § 9
(Albany, N.Y. 1849), codified as REV. STAT. oF
ck BS FRR renee

Wis. STAT. ANN. § 154.11(6) (West 1989)...

Wis. STAT. ANN. § 939.48(5) (West 1996)...

Wis. STAT. ANN. § 940.12 (West 1996)...

Wyoming:
Wyo. STAT. § 3-5-211 (Michie Supp. 1996) .............
Wyo. STAT. § 35-22-109 (Michie 1994) ...................

Other Authorities:

4 Wm. Blackstone, COMMENTARIES ON THE LAWS
IY TINIE cio ccindastdbieriinctitiedacausbcencndeslibcitdnnasns
Booth, Woodruff, Mather, Baldwin & Turrill, Pre-
face to CONN. GEN. STAT. (1875) 00.
2 H. de Bracton (c. 1250), ON THE LAWS OF ENG-
LAND (S. Thorne trans. 1968) 2.2.0.0...

14
19

13, 17

xvi

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continued

Page
I BRITTON, Bk. I, ch. VIII (F. Nicols trans. 1865)
(reprinted 1983, W.W. Gaunt) 0.000.000... 9-10
E. Coke, THIRD INSTITUTE OF THE LAWS OF ENG-
EAB CRGOE GED cccecnacervequeniprsinticessienisidiiptammeninie 10-11
Note, Criminal Liability of Participants in Sui-
cide: State v. Williams, 5 Mp. L. Rev. 324
§_, ) RRR EE 13, 18
E. East, 1 PLEAS OF THE CROWN (1803) (1972
| NS we Pe 11

Fleta (c. 1290), Bk. I, ch. XXXIV, “Of Suicides,”
Publications of the Selden Society, Vol. 72
(ae eee 10

THE GENERAL LAWS AND LIBERTIES OF MASSACHU-

SETTS COLONY (1672), repinted in THE COLONIAL
LAWS OF MASSACHUSETTS (W. Whitmore ed.
BEDE D y result _ e
patient’s) death, if at all, from natural causes’”) (citing v.

27

whose decisions are under review here, has held other-
wise. As these cases demonstrate, suicide cannot be
equated with the refusal of medical treatment. They are
different in two key respects: First, in the case of remov-
ing life-sustaining treatment, there is no intent to end
life, but only the knowledge that death may result. Second,
regardless of whether there is an intent to end life, the
removal of life support is not the actual cause of death:
rather, death results from natural causes (e.g., an under-
lying pathology that renders a patient unable to breathe
or eat without mechanical assistance). These distinctions
fully justify treating assisted suicide differently from the
refusal of unwanted life-sustaining medical treatment. See
FCC v. Beach Communications, Inc.. 508 US. 307,

313-16 (1993). As the New York State Force Report
on Life and the Law noted:

The imposition of life-sustaining medical treatment
against a patient's will requires a direct invasion of
bodily integrity and, in some cases, the use of physi-
cal restraints, both of which are flatly inconsistent

Perlmutter, 8362 So.2d 160, 162 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1978), aff'd,
879 So.2d 359 (Fla. 1980); In re Estate of Longeway, 549 N.E.2d
292, 296 (Ill. 1989); In re Lawrance, 579 N.E.2d 32, 40 n.4 (Ind.
1991); De Grella by and through Parrent v. Elston, 858 S.W.2d
698, 707 (Ky. 1993) (“‘[mJercy killing’ and ‘euthanasia’ or any
other ‘affirmative or deliberate act to end life’ are fundamental
violations of the common law”) (citation omitted); Jn re P.V.W.,
424 So.2d 1015, 1022 (La. 1982) ; In re Gardner, 534 A.2d 947, 955-
56 (Me. 1987) ; Guardianship of Doe, 583 N.E.2d 1263, 1270 (Mass.
1992), cert. denied sub nom. Doe v. Gross, 505 U.S. 950 (1992) ;
Brophy v. New England Sinai Hospital, Inc., 497 N.E.2d 626, 638
(Mass. 1986); In re Rosebush, 491 N.W.2d 633, 636 n.2 (Mich.
App. 1992); McKay v. Bergstedt, 801 P.2d 617, 627 (Nev. 1990)
(“there is a substantial difference between the attitude of a person
desiring non-interference with the natural consequences of his or
her condition and the individual who desires to terminate his or
her life by some deadly means either self-inflicted or through the
agency of another”) ; Jn re Farrell, 529 A.2d 40, 411 (N.J. 1987) ;
Leach v, Akron General Medical Center, 68 Ohio Misc. 1, 10 (1980) ;
In re Fiori, 673 A.2d 905, 910 (Pa. 1996); In re Guardianship of
Grant, 747 P.2d 445, 455 (Wash. 1987), modified, 757 P.2d 534
(Wash. 1988) ; In re L.W., 482 N.W.2d 60, 71 (Wis. 1992).

28

with society's basic conception of personal dignity.
_.. It is this right against intrusion—not a general
right to control the timing and manner of death—
that forms the basis of the constitutional right to
refuse life-sustaining treatment. Restrictions on sul-
cide, by contrast, entail no such intrusions, but simply
prevent individuals from intervening in the natural
process of dying.
WHEN DeatH Is Soucnt 71.

The decision respondents urge upon this Court not only
would overturn the assisted suicide statutes throughout the
States, but also would undermine the right of public and
private actors to intervene to prevent suicide and jeop-
ardize the authority of public health officials to institu-
tionalize for treatment persons who attempt suicide. More-
over, recognition of a right to suicide assistance could
easily lead to the legalization of “homicide by consent.”
The Ninth Circuit views this possible development with
complete equanimity. Compassion in Dying, 79 F.3d at
831-32.

Notwithstanding their disclaimers, the right respond-
ents ask this Court to recognize could not be limited to
mentally competent, terminally ill patients. This is appar-
ent from respondents’ reliance upon this Court’s abortion
jurisprudence and the extensive case law that has developed
in support of the right to refuse medical treatment. If
abortion jurisprudence is the source of a right to suicide,
the States would be powerless to examine the reasons per-
sons would want to kill themselves and then, based on that
examination, permit some suicides (the “rational” ones)
and forbid others (the irrational ones). See Casey, 505
U.S. at 879 (“[the] State may not prohibit any woman
from making the ultimate decision to terminate her preg-
nancy before viability”).

The case law recognizing a right to refuse treatment
offers even less reason to believe that a right to suicide
(or suicide assistance) could be contained. The right to
refuse unwanted medical treatment, including life-sustain-

29

ing medical treatment, may be exercised b persons
aap Gat tommindiiy 8 end for Gomees abe tn on cam
—. See Edward R. Grant and Paul Benjamin Linton,
7 f or Reproach? Euthanasia Rights in the Wake of
er 16, 74 OREGON L. Rev. 449, 459-61 & nn. 36-
ne 5) (listing cases). A right to assistance in com-
ay : be way once established, would inevitably expand
incl the incompetent and those who are not termi-
nally ill, as the Ninth Circuit freely acknowledged.” See
generally Grant and Linton, Relief or Reproach? 74
OREGON L. REV. at 516-25 & nn. 293-328, vi

Only three years ago, the Supreme Court of
ago, Canada
was asked to legalize the same practice of physician-
—, suicide that respondents urge upon this Court.
9 riguez v. British Columbia, [1993] 3 S.C.R. 519
he Court refused to do so in an opinion that bears
careful reading. The prohibition of assisted suicide the
Co stated, 1s valid and desirable legislation which ful-
the government's objectives of preserving life and pro-
tecting the vulnerable.” Id. at 590. A “blanket rohibi-
tion” of assisted suicide is neither arbitrary nor unfair in
the sense of being “unrelated to the state’s interest in

protecting the vulnerable.” /d. at 595.

[The law against assisted suicide] has as j

. . r
- BS. protection of the vulnerable who aA, be
- in moments of weakness to commit suicide.
S purpose is grounded in the state interest in
protecting life and reflects the policy of the state
that human life should not be depreciated by allow-

ing life to be taken. This policy finds expression
___ in the provisions of our Criminal Code which prohibit

os aa ;
- ate =n in Dying, 79 F.3d at 816: “Our conclusion
prtcen ae 4 a a 4 bw not limited to, the plight of mentally
; yi ults. We are influenced as well b
= .— such as those whose existence is rh sat Ay
or @ permanent and irreversible state of
sciousness.” Jd. at 832 n. 120 (“we should make oy
: clear that i-
sion of a duly-appointed surrogate decision maker is bn all ao
purposes the decision of the patient himself”).

30

murder and other violent acts against others notwith-
standing the consent of the victim, ... .-

Id. The Court declined to sanction assisted suicide, even
for the terminally ill, because “the active participation by
one individual in the death of another is intrinsically
morally and legally wrong” and “there is no certainty
that abuses can be prevented by anything less than a com-
plete prohibition.” Jd. at 601. “Creating an exception
for the terminally ill might . . . frustrate the purpose of
the legislation of protecting the vulnerable because ade-
quate guidelines to control abuse are difficult or impos-
sible to develop.” Jd. The law against assisted suicide
“may discourage those who consider that life is unbear-
able at a particular moment, or who perceive themselves
to be a burden upon others, from committing suicide.” Jd.
at 608.

To confirm the right of the States to preserve and
protect human life, and to prevent the abuses that would
arise if assisted suicide were legalized, amici ask the Court
to uphold the New York and Washington statutes banning
assisted suicide.

CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, amici curiae respectfully re-
quest this Honorable Court to reverse the judgments in
Cases 95-1858 and 96-110.

Respectfully submitted,

PAUL BENJAMIN LINTON *
CLARKE D. FoRsYTHE
AMERICANS UNITED FOR LIFE

343 S. Dearborn Street Suite 1804
Chicago, Illinois 60604

(312) 786-9494

November 7, 1996 * Counsel of Record

APPENDIX

la
APPENDIX

List of Amici from the New York General Assembly

Senator Kenneth P. La Valle
(Rep.-Conserv.-Ind.-Property Tax Cut)
Chairman, Higher Education Committee

Senator Ceasar Trunzo ( Rep. )

Chairman, Civil Service
& Pensions Committee

Senator Owen Johnson (Rep. )
Vice-President Pro Tem

Senator Kemp Hannon (Rep.)

Chairman, Health Committee
Senator Dean G. Skelos ( Rep.)
Senator Frank Padavan ( Rep. )

Chairman, Cities Committee

Senator George Onorato (Dem.)
Secretary, Senator Minority Conference
Ranking Minority Member,

Veterans Committee

Senator Serphin R. Maltese (Rep. )
Chairman, Elections Committee

Senator Seymour P. Lachman (Dem.)

Senator John J. Marchi (Rep.)
Chairman, Corporations, Authorities &
Commissions Committee

Senator Olga A. Mendez (Dem.)
Chairwoman, Senate Minority Conference
Ranking Minority Member,

Social Services Committee

Senator Larry Seabrook (Dem.)

Senator Joseph R. Holland ( Rep. )
Chairman, Social Services Committee

Senator William J. Larkin, Jr. (Rep. )
Chairman, Racing and Wagering Committee

Senator Hugh T. Farley (Rep.)

Senate Majority Whip

Chairman, Banks Committee

Senator John A. De Francisco (Rep.)
Chairman, Tourism, Recreation &
Sports Development Committee

Senator Jess J. Present (Rep.)

Deputy Majority Leader (Administration)

Chairman, Commerce, Economic Development

& Small Business Committee

1st District

3rd District

4th District
6th District

9th District
11th District

14th District

15th District

22nd District
24th District

28th District

33rd District
38th District

39th District

44th District

49th District

56th District

2a

Senator Dale M. Volker (Rep.)
Chairman, Codes Committee

Assemblyman Robert C. Wertz (Rep.Conserv.)
Assemblyman Thomas F. Barraga (Rep.)
Ranking Minority Member
Education Committee
Assemblyman John J. Flanagan (Rep.-Conserv.)
Assemblyman James D. Conte (Rep.)
Ranking Minority Member,
Governmental Employees Committee
Assemblyman Philip B. Healey (Rep.)
Assembly Deputy Minority Leader
Assemblyman William Scarborough (Dem.)
Assemblyman Denis J. Butler (Dem.)
Assistant Speaker Pro Tem
Assemblywoman Catherine Nolan (Dem.)
Chairwoman, Labor Committee
Assemblyman Anthony S. Seminerio (Dem.)
Majority Whip
Assemblyman Anthony J. Genovesi (Dem.)
Chairman, Oversight, Analysis &
Investigation Committee
Assemblyman Jules Polonetsky (Dem. )
Assemblywoman Elizabeth A. Connelly (Dem.)
Speaker Pro Tem
Assemblyman Eric N. Vitaliano ( Dem.)
Chairman,
Governmental Employees Committee
Assemblywoman Aurelia Greene ( Dem.)
Chairwoman, Banks Committee
Assemblyman Sam Colman ( Dem.)
Chairman, Majority Program Committee
Assemblyman Patrick R. Manning
(Rep.Freedom )
Ranking Minority Member,
Correction Committee
Assemblyman Robert A. D’Andrea (Rep.)
Assemblyman James N. Tedisco (Rep.)
Assemblyman John J. McEneny ( Dem.)
Assemblyman Robert G. Prentiss (Rep. )
Ranking Minority Member,
Veterans Affairs Committee
Assemblyman David R. Townsend, Jr.
(Rep.-Conserv. )
Ranking Minority Member,
Labor Committee

59th District

6th District
7th District

9th District
10th District
12th District

29th District
36th District

87th District
88th District
39th District
46th District
59th District

60th District

77th District
93rd District

99th District

100th District
103rd District
104th District
107th District

115th District

3a

Assemblyman Bernard J. Mahoney (Rep.)
Assemblyman Daniel J. Fressenden (Rep.)

Ranking Minority Member,

Environmental Conservation Committee
Assemblyman Joseph T. Pillittere (Dem.)

Chairman, Tourism, Arts &

Sports Development Committee
Assemblyman David E. Seaman (Rep.)
Assemblyman Paul A. Tokasz (Dem.)

Chairman, Election Law Committee
Assemblyman Richard J. Keane (Dem.)
Assemblyperson Sandra Lee Wirth (Rep. )

120th District
125th District

138th District

189th District
143rd District

145th District
148th District

4a

List of Amici from the Washington General Assembly

Senator John Moyer, M.D. (Rep.)
Senator James E. West (Rep.)
Rep. Assistant Floor Leader
Senator Alex Duccio (Rep.)
Rep. Deputy Floor Leader
Senator Joseph P. Zarelli (Rep.)
Senator Daniel P. Swecker (Rep.)
Senator Jim Hargrove (Dem.)
Senator Bob Oke (Rep.)
Senator Pam Roach (Rep.)
Senator Gary Strannigan (Rep.)
Senator Emilio Cantu (Rep.)
Senator Jeanine Long (Rep.)
Representative Mike Sherstad (Rep.)
Representative Tom Campbell (Rep.)
Representative Scott Smith (Rep.)
Representative Duane Sommers (Rep.)
Representative Cathy McMorris (Rep.)
Representative Larry Sheahan (Rep.)
Chairman, House Law & Justice Committee
Representative Mark G. Schoesler (Rep.)
Assistant Majority Floor Leader
Representative Barney Beeksma (Rep.)
Representative Joyce Mulliken (Rep.)
Representative Jim Honeyford (Rep.)
Representative Steve Hargrove (Rep.)
Representative Jim Buck (Rep.)
Representative Grant O. Pelesky (Rep.)
Representative Sarah M. Casada (Rep.)
Representative Lois McMahan (Rep.)
Assistant Majority Whip
Representative Gigi Talcott (Rep.)
Majority Whip
Representative Mike Carrell (Rep.)
Representative Tim Hickel (Rep.)
Representative Les Thomas (Rep.)
Representative Peggy Johnson (Rep.)
Representative Tim Sheldon (Dem.)
Representative John Koster (Rep.)
Representative Val Stevens ( Rep.)
Assistant Majority Floor Leader
Representative Chery! Hymes (Rep.)
Representative Eugene Goldsmith (Rep.)
Republican Caucus Vice Chair
Representative Kathy Lambert (Rep.)
Representative Bill Backlund (Rep.)

3rd District
6th District

14th District

18th District
20th District
24th District
26th District
31st District
38th District
41st District
44th District
lst District
2nd District
2nd District
6th District
7th District
9th District

9th District

10th District
13th District
15th District
23rd District
24th District
25th District
25th District
26th District

28th District

28th District
30th District
31st District
35th District
35th District
39th District
39th District

40th District
42nd District

45th District
45th District

---

Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/brief%3Amicro_IA40385014_0007%3A20. Public record. Not legal advice.