# Amicus Curiae Brief — Hodgson v. Minnesota

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URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/brief%3Amicro_IA40385012_1061%3A22

## Record

- **Collection:** Supreme Court brief
- **Document type:** Amicus Curiae Brief
- **Published:** January 1, 1990
- **Citation:** 497 U.S. 417

## Text

1? ‘ Supreme Court, U.S.
‘ FILED
Nos. 88-1125, 88-1309 i OCT 10 rage |

JOSEPH F. SPA WOL, JR.
CLEKA

IN THE
Supreme Court of the United

OCTOBER TERM, 1989

JANE Hopeson, M.D., et ai.,
Petitioners, Cross-Respondents,

V.

STATE OF MINNESOTA, et al.,
Resondents, Cross-Petitioners.

On Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals -
for the Eighth Circuit

BRIEF OF THE ASSOCIATION OF
AMERICAN PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS (AAPS)
AS AMICUS CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF
STATE OF MINNESOTA

Of Counsel: CLARKE D. FORSYTHE *

KENT MASTERSON BROWN =LEANNE McCoy
1114 First National Bldg. AMERICANS UNITED FOR LIFE

167 West Main Street LEGAL DEFENSE FUND (AUL)
Lexington, KY 40507 343 S. Dearborn Street +1804
(606) 233-7879 Chicago, IL 60604

(312) 786-9494
Counsel for Amicus Curiae

October 10, 1989 * Counsel of Record

eee Sd

WILSON - Eres PRINTING Co., Inc. - 789-0096 - WASHINGTON, D.C. 20001

II.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I CD crrirerneitnecrsecceciersnccsecscessnseneczees
INTEREST OF THE AMICUS CURIAE .....................
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT .....................ccsceseceesseecesseee

IE cba ictnstasb pietneridrntnciviintiniriatinnreninciansnnnenece
I. THE PEOPLE OF MINNESOTA HAVE A

COMPELLING INTEREST IN HELPING
PARENTS AND FAMILIES TO REDUCE
TEENAGE PREGNANCY AND TEENAGE
EE tabccnttlatinmcincctsstintiinianinndinmnnnnnneees

A. Although Many States Have Enacted Pa-
rental Consent and Notice Laws, Minnesota
Is Unique in Having Had A Parental Law
in Effect Which Can Be Evaluated Through
Demographic Data Collected By the Depart-
ge ;

B. The Plaintiff Clinics Have Failed To Show
the Notice Law Adversely Impacts the
Health of Teens, Adversely Impacts the In-
tegrity of the Family, or Fails to Be Con-
sistent With Parents’ Rights to Rear and
Counsel Their Children ....................................

WHILE THE MINNESOTA PARENTAL NO-
TICE OF ABORTION LAW WAS IN EFFECT
AND ENFORCED, TEENAGE ABORTION
AND PREGNANCY DECLINED SUBSTAN-
TIALLY AND TEENAGE BIRTHS DID NOT
GENERALLY INCREASE COMPARED TO
PE PED scecenceivenennncsnintiennnntaremenscemmeen

A. During the Four Years that the Notice Law
Was In Effect, Teenage Pregnancies, Abor-
tions, and Births Declined Substantially .......

a idsiaabbonionin
2. Abortions
38. Births
4

Page

~> wo ee

11

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued
Page

B. During the Four Years that the Notice Law
Was In Effect, Teenage Pregnancy, Abor-
tion, and Birth Rates Declined Substantially.. 17

1. Pregnancy Rate for 10-17 Year Olds.......... 17
2. Pregnancy Rate for 18-19 Year Old3.......... 18
8. Abortion Rate for 10-17 Year Olds............. 18
4. “Abortion Rate-for 18-19 Year Olds............. 18
5. Birth Rate for 10-17 Year Olds................... 19
6. Birth Rate for 18-19 Year Olds................... 19

C. The Data Are Strong Evidence that the No-
tice Law Effectively Reduced Teen Preg-
nancy Rates in Minnesota During Its Effec-
a 20

D. Minnesota Teenagers Did Not Have Abor-
tions at Significantly Later Points in Preg-
nancy Relative to Other Age Groups While
the Notice Law Was in Effect 21

E. Minnesota Teenagers Did Not Have In-
creased Complications From Induced Abor-
tion Relative to Other Age Groups While
the Notice Law Was in Effect 23

Ill. THE CONTENTION THAT THE NOTICE
LAW INCREASED BIRTHS TO TEENS IS
BASED ON STATISTICS FOR ONLY THE
LIMITED AREA OF THE MINNEAPOLIS
CITY LIMITS AND THESE MUST BE
VIEWED WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF
OTHER DEMOGRAPHIC PHENOMENA IN
MINNEAPOLIS AND THROUGHOUT THE

CONCLUSION .......20

L 1 —

ENACTMENT

a a

l

*——" ERJOINMENT |
ee

73

74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

—*— ABORTION

—+— BIRTH

—*—- PREGNANCY

YEAR

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

AGE POPULATION ABORTION
RATE

10-17
18-19
20-24
25-54

10-17
18-19
20-24
25-54

10-17
18-19
20-24
25-54

10-17
18-19
20-24
25-54

10-17
18-19
20-24
25-54

10-17
18-19
20-24
25-54

10-17
18-19
20-24
25-54

319596

72982
177400
652953

318010

73248
1789011
659470

310605

85997
178645
683332

305394

86924
183437
699068

296203

86249
187586
709131

288244

85698
192125
724824

282243

85227
196312
744422

17a

Table 2
Abortion, Birth, and Pregnancy Rates*

o-N™N

wraaga

na ©

Se
~oo @

©eoanw

Rate per 1000 female population.
provided by the

BIRTH
RATE

7.5
61-8
103.0
41.7

7.
63.
106.
42.

w
ee
Ss = eS
~-—-@ @ enuw

-_
o
=
voe@

-_

(2)

w
owen ~

wn
ee
vViQWVdNnN Nn

106.

2
55.4
7
46.1

Source:

PREGNANCY
RATE

12.
75.
123.
45.

anus

14.
80.
122.
47.

own &

15.
65.
130.
51.

NAN &

14.
90.
130.
52.

na Ww @

18.
94.
136.
54.

wauuwna

Raw data

Minnesota Department of Health. Rates

reflect abortions, births, (fetal deaths), and pregnancies

occurring in Minnesota,
unknown age excluded.

with non-residents and women of
Assumes negligable occurrence of
abortion to those of age 9 and below and age 55 and above.
Abortion data unavailable for 1973 and 1974.

18a

Table 2 (Continued)
Abortion, Birth, and Pregnancy Rates*

YEAR AGE POPULATION ABORTION BIRTH PREGNANCY
RATE RATE RATE
1980 10-17 276068 8.4 7.2 15.6
18-19 84247 . 40.1 58.0 98.5
20-24 198731 30.5 110.2 141.4
25-54 754692 6.3 49.3 55.9
1981 10-17 267488 —C. 6.8 7.0 13.9
18-19 80222 . 38.2 57.4 96.0
20-24 198269 30.5 109.1 140.3
25-54 770544 6.3 50.2 56.9
1982 10-17 262199 6.0 6.6 12.6
18-19 77282 36.2 54.6 91.3
20-24 197924 30.1 106.9 137.7
25-54 787094 6.6 50.3 57.2
1983 10-17 263225 5.4 5.8 11.4
18-19 77506 32.9 47.0 60.3
20-24 198460 27.7 97.3 125.7
25-54 789802 6.4 49.8 56.5
1984 10-17 249162 5.6 6.5 12.2
18-19 74080 34.9 47.3 82.5
20-24 199312 30.3 94.7 125.6
25-54 798979 6.9 51.2 58.5
1985 10-17 251107 6.3 6.1 12.4
18-19 74610 33.9 45.6 79.9
20-24 200994 30.2 91.6 122.3
25-54 806028 7.2 52.3 59.9
1986 10-17 251825 +1 6.3 12.4
18-19 74689 31.8 41.5 73.5
20-24 201415 28.4 84.2 113.2
25-54 808824 7.4 52.3 60.0

° Rate per 1000 female population. Source: Raw data

provided by the Minnesota Department of Health. Rates
reflect abortions, births, (fetal deaths), and pregnancies
occurring in Minnesota, with non-residents and women of
unknown age excluded. Assumes negligable occurrence of
abortion to those of age 9 and below and age 55 and above.
Abortion data unavailable for 1973 and 1974.

Figure 2a
Abortion, Birth, and Pregnancy Rates
Ages 10-17

Rate per 1000 Female Population

ENACTMENT PERIOD

ENACTMENT | ENJOINMENT

; ;
SS a A“

°3 74 75 76 77:78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

—*— ABORTION ~—+- BIRTH —*- PREGNANCY

Figure 2d Table 3
: , Number and Percentage of Abortions
Abortion, Birth, and Pregnancy Rates with Gestation Age > 12 Weeks®
Ages 25-54 TOTAL ABORTIONS PERCENTAGE

YEAR AGE WUMBER OF PERFORMED OF ABORTIONS
ABORTIONS AT > 12 WKS PERFORMED
GESTATION AT > 12 WKS

Rat GESTATION
go Rate_per 1000 Female Population —e |h|ClUae a 79.8
18-19 1758 228 13.0
20-24 2702 275 10.2
25-54 2161 189 8.7
1976 10-17 2060 470 22.8
18-19 2511 426 17.0
20-24 3643 446 12.2
25-54 2895 306 10.6
: 1977 10-17 2274 474 20.8
18-19 2693 464 17.2
; 25-54 3529 368 10.4
30 ff.
: 1978 10-17 2186 403 18.4
18-19 3054 449 14.7
: 20-24 5066 505 10.0
a ao-08 wove oe v8
1979 10-17 2308 432 18.7
: 18-19 3293 460 14.0
; 20-24 5683 591 10.4
10+ saibin Ee 25-54 4355 327 7.5
> —~ a 1980 =: 10-17 2327 510 21.9
—~ ENACTMENT : ENJOINMENT 18-19 3380 562 16.6
a a i. ™ 20-24 6054 681 11.2
7 25-54 4716 403 8.5
3 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

* source: Raw data provided by the Minnesota Department of —
Health. Table reflects abortions occurring in Minnesota,
— —— —s with non-residents and women of unknown age excluded.
ABORTION BIRTH PREGNANCY Assumes negligable occurrence of abortion to those of age 9
and below and age 55 and above.

24a 25a

Table 3 (Continued) Figure 3a
Number and Percentage _of Abortions :
with Gestation Age > 12 Weeks* Number of Abortions
TOTAL = ABORTIONS =» PERCENTAGE with Gestation Age > 12 Weeks

YEAR AGE NUMBER OF PERFORMED OF ABORTIONS
ABORTIONS AT > 12 WKS PERFORMED
GESTATION AT > 12 WKS

GESTATION
1981 10-17 1820 365 20.1 *
18-19 3064 462 15.1 750 + i
20-24 6047 625 10.3 ; ; .
25-54 4881 363 7.4 é
1982 10-17 1564 322 20.6 650 + ENACTMENT PERIOD 4atmienp> f ¥
18-19 2799 425 15.2 a ee ee
20-24 5963 631 10.6
25-54 5180 412 8.0
1983 10-17 1432 334 23.3 =
18-19 2547 419 16.5
20-24 5487 626 11.4
25-54 - 5012 370 7.4 450
1984 10-17 1395 360 25.8
18-19 2586 489 18.9
20-24 6032 786 13.0
25-54 5525 461 8.3 350
1985 10-17 1570 361 23.0
18-19 2531 441 17.4 :
20-24 6067 723 11.9 250 |
25-54 5812 458 7.9 :
; ENACTMENT ENJOINMENT
“oe ome fle ol
20-24 5724 eee "1.7 75 76 77 78 #79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
25-54 6035 516 8.6

° Source: Raw data provided by the Minnesota Department of

—— AGES 10-17 —+- AGES 18-19
Health. Table reflects abortions occurring in Minnesota,
with non-residents and women of unknown age excluded. -#% AGES 20-24 “G- AGES 25-54
Assumes negligable occurrence of abortion to those of age 3
and below and age 55 and above.

26a 27a

. Tabie 4
Figure 3b Number and Percentage of Abortions
Percentage of Abortions with Reported Medical Complications
: : TOTAL # ABORTIONS (PERCENTAGE
with Gestation Age > 12 Weeks ae heey
ABORTIONS MEDICAL WITH
COMPLICATIONS MEDICAL
Percent COMPLICATIONS
H t 1975 10-17 1507 16 1.06
18-19 1758 25 1.42
20-24 2702 32 1.18
25-54 2161 26 1.20
1976 10-17 2060 11 0.53
18-19 2511 7 0.28
20-24 3643 20 0.55
25-54 2895 21 0.73
1977 10-17 2274 5 0.22
18-19 2693 . 0.22
20-24 4528 14 0.31
25-54 3529 1 0.31
1978 10-17 2186 “ 0.37
18-19 3054 19 0.62
20-24 5066 26 0.51
25-54 3872 19 0.49
1979 10-17 2308 3 0.13
18-19 3293 2 0.06
20-24 5683 4 0.14
\ : 25-54 4355 .
5 fe banned 1980 10-17 2327 . 0.26
75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 i = eo
20-24 6054 4 0.13
25-54 4716 14 0.30
—— AGES 10-17 ~+- AGES 18-19 ,
Source: Raw data provided by the Minnesota Department of
“K- AGES 20-24 -B- AGES 25-54 Health. Table reflects abortions occurring in Minnesota,

with non-residents and women of unknown age excluded.

_ Assumes negligable occurrence of abortion to those of age 9
and below and age 55 and above.

28a

Table 4 (Continued)
Number and Percentage of Abortions
with Reported Médical Complications*

TOTAL ABORTIONS PERCENTAGE —

YEAR AGE NUMBER OF WITH OF ABORTIONS
ABORTIONS MEDICAL WITH
COMPLICATIONS MEDICAL
COMPLICATIONS
1981 10-17 1820 tt) 0.00
18-19 3064 8 0.26
20-24 6047 21 0.35
25-54 4881 11 0.23
1982 10-17 1564 10 0.64
18-19 2799 10 0.36
20-24 5963 38 0.64
25-54 5180 46 0.89
1983 10-17 1432 10 0.70
18-19 2547 20 0.79
20-24 5487 493 0.89
25-54 5012 51 1.02
1984 10-17 1395 14 1.00
18-19 2586 29 1.12
20-24 6032 62 1.03
25-54 5525 66 1.19
1985 10-17 1570 13 0.83
18-19 2531 12 0.47
20-24 6067 76 1.25
25-54 5812 60 1.03
1986 10-17 1545 8 0.52
18-19 2372 15 0.63
20-24 5724 48 0.84
25-54 6035 74 1.23
° Source: Raw data provided by the Minnesota Department of
Health. Table reflects ebortions occurring in Minnesota,

29a

Figure 4a

Number of Abortions
with Reported Medical Complications

80 . .
*
‘i £
3 a CY
: 2 Sree’
60 + : ir 8
ENACTMENT PERIOD ——> re *
40 ie
¥

20 F. Xx , e*

ENJOINMENT

a = ._ j ~~!

0
75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

—*e~ AGES 10-17

with non-residents and women

of unknown age excluded.

-% AGES 20-24

Assumes negligable occurrence of abortion to those of age §
and below and age 55 and above.

~+ AGES 18-19
~& AGES 25-54

with Reported Medical

Percent

30a

Figure 4b
Percentage of Abortions

Complications

ENACTMENT PERIOD:

of

Peete eT TT eee Tee STC TTT TTT TTT TET TTT ETT TT. Tee

-4

UE oocee--

0.4} f

tT

0.24
: ENJOINMENT
. i ares
75 76 #77 78 9 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

—— AGES 10-17
“K- AGES 20-24

+- AGES 18-19
- AGES 25-54

8la
Table 5
Birth Rate .
for Different Regions of Minnesota
YEAR AGE MINNESOTA METROPOLITAN MINNEAPOLIS
MINNEAPOLIS**
1973 10-14 0.4 0.4 °
15-17 20.4 20.4 e
18-19 63.7 53.9 a
20-24 106.0 96.1 R
25-34 95.4 82.2 .
1974 10-14 0.3 0.3 ‘
15-17 18.1 18.1 .
18-19 64.5 57.4 ‘
20-24 109.3 106.0 °
25-34 97.8 83.3 :
1975 10-14 0.4 0.4
15-17 21.0 18.7
18-19 56.1 48.7
20-24 110.2 $1.3
25-34 $3.9 86.9
1976 10-14 0.4 0.4 1.7
15-17 19.7 18.2 36.7
18-19 52.9 47.0 48.8
20-24 104.5 85.0 62.3
25-34 93.6 85.8 67.9
1977 10-14 0.3 0.3 Seu
15-17 19.6 18.3 33.4
18-19 55.1 48.1 58.1
20-24 108.1 66.5 64.4
25-34 $8.6 83.6 72.9

* Rate per 1000 female population. Sources: Raw data

provided by the Minnesota and Minneapolis Departments of
Health. Non-residents and women of unknown age are excluded.
Minneapolis data were provided in a form unsuitable for
figuring rates for ages 35-44 or above.

” Metropolitan Minneapolis is defined as a seven-county
region including Anoka, Carver, Dakota, Hennepin, Ramsey,
Scott, and Washington Counties,

32a

Table 5 (Continued)
Birth Rate
for Different Regions of Minnesota®

YEAR AGE MINNESOTA METROPOLITAN MINNEAPOLIS
MINNEAPOLIS**

1978 10-14 0.4 0.4 1.3
15-17 17.8 16.0 35.4
18-19 55.6 51.7 61.5
20-24 106.6 85.3 63.2
25-34 100.3 $0.0 73.7
1979 10-14 0.3 0.4 1.7
15-17 17.8 17.6 39.7
18-19 56.9 52.6 56.3
20-24 110.0 68.4 67.8
25-34 102.8 91.9 74.6
1980 10-14 0.3 0.4 1.6
15-17 17.5 17.4 39.1
18-19 59.3 53.8 62.9
20-24 113.4 $2.3 71.3
25-34 104.7 95.3 77.5
1981 10-14 0.3 0.4 1.3
15-17. 17.5 17.2 41.2
18-19 59.1 53.9 65.0
20-24 112.4 94.0 71.5
25-34 105.8 98.9 62.7
1982 10-14 0.4 0.5 2.2
15-17 16.6 17.2 42.7
18-19 56.2 52.1 65.9
20-24 109.9 68.8 69.8
25-34 104.6 97.3 84.6

° Rate per 1000 female population. Sources: Raw data

provided by the Minnesota and Minneapolis Departments of
Health. Non-residents and women of unknown age are excluded.
Minneapolis data were provided in a form unsuitable for
figuring rates for ages 35-44 or above.

** wetropolitan Minneapolis is defined as a seven-county
region including Anoka, Carver, Dakota, Hennepin, Ramsey,
Scott, and Washington Counties.

33a

Table 5 (Continued)
Birth Rate
for Different Regions of Minnesota’

YEAR AGE MINNESOTA METROPOLITAN MINNEAPOLIS
MINNEAPOLIS**

1983 10-14 0.3 0.5 1.9
15-17 14.6 15.1 47.3
18-19 48.5 45.4 58.1
20-24 100.0 80.1 64.3
25-34 103.3 97.3 83.2

1984 10-14 0.3 0.5 1.3
15-17 16.1 17.4 54.1
18-19 48.7 45.7 63.1
20-24 97.4 79.5 66.4
25-34 106.6 102.3 85.9

1985 10-14 0.4 0.6 2.1
15-17 15.1 16.5 58.2
18-19 47.0 45.8 73.4
20-24 94.4 80.1 69.7
25-34 108.6 106.1 89.8

1986 10-14 0.4 0.5 2.0
15-17 15.6 17.8 62.2
18-19 42.6 44.0 81.2
20-24 86.6 74.2 70.6
25-34 107.6 106.3 87.5

1987 10-14 2.2
15-17 64.5
18-19 92.2
20-24 67.5
25-34 84.2

° Rate per 1000 female population. Sources: Raw data

provided by the Minnesota and Minneapolis Departments of
Health. Non-residents and women of unknown age are excluded.
Minneapolis data were provided in a form unsuitable for
figuring rates for ages 35-44 or above.

os Metropolitan Minneapolis is defined as a seven-county
region including Ancka, Carver, Dakota, Hennepin, Ramsey,
Scott, and Washington Counties.

842,
Figure 5a
Birth Rate
for Different Regions of Minnesota
Ages 15-17
™ Rate per 1000 Female Population
‘
60 -
aad I :
ENACTMENT PERIOD =>
40 +
30 +
i : :
oaguon ote
10 S.. Li L - ' J. aN i = A. ‘

73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

—*— MINNESOTA —+—- METRO MINNEAPOLIS > MINNEAPOLIS

Figure 5b
Birth Rate
for Different Regions of Minnesota

Ages 10-14

on Rate per 1000 Female Population

1.5-

0.5

OD. “Se, “a

0
73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

—* MINNESOTA —+— METRO MINNEAPOUS — © MINNEAPOLIS

100

90

70 |-

36a

Figure Sc
Birth Rate
for Different Regions of Minnesota

Ages 18-19

Rate per 1000 Female Population

i

N

ENACTMENT ENJOINMENT

i - L L — = ‘Nw L i m ~e

a ae

a

30
73 74 75 76 77 78

MINNESOTA
MINNEAPOLIS

79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

—+— METRO MINNEAPOLIS

87

37a

Figure Sd
Birth Rate
for Different Regions of Minnesota

Ages 20-24

Rate per 1000 Female Population

120

ENACTMENT; ENJOINMENT
are, Ra CS

50
73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

—*— MINNESOTA —+— METRO MINNEAPOLIS
— MINNEAPOLIS

38a

Figure Se
Birth Rate
for Different Regions of Minnesota

Ages 25-34

ia Rate per 1000 Female Population

ENJOINMENT

ENACTMENT

ae S ee |

73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

—*— MINNESOTA
—— MINNEAPOLIS

—+- METRO MINNEAPOLIS

Table 6

Birth Rate for Minneapolis Residents
by Age Group*

YEAR

1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987

Rate per

YEAR

1976
1977
1978
1879
1980
1981
1982
1983
1964
1985
1986
1987

NNN += @ Ne et ee
a ee” ee, ee
NO--@ONWOea@nN GW 4

10-14

62.
64.
63.
67.
71.
71.
69.
64.
66.
6s.
70.
67.

AGES 15-17

20-24

waeaneuwvauww@ns @

36.
39.
35.
38.
39.
41.
42.
47.
54.
58.
62.
64.

OUNN KW SOHNE NZS

67.
72.
73.
74.
77.
82.
84.
83.
85.
89.
87.
84.

1000 female population.

AGES 18-19

en eoeo Qa
> a an _— oa >.

25-34

NUV@onenveaenw ws @

Source:

. . .
NNe&=-=+-8000 00+ @

Raw data

provided by the Minneapolis Department of Health. Data
provided in a from unsuitable for figuring rates for ages
35-44 or above.

40a 4la

Figure 6 Table 7
3 . . : Births to Mothers . « v
ee ee er ee, So ee ; a , > Ay -
‘ . ; "
‘ . m :
{ rz
.) 4 ‘ t
2
: .
> ty .
‘ 5 a + b
: ¢ Pa
*
‘ v's a ty
- ‘
’ 2 . -
“ ar . 4 ‘

ee ee ee

ay?

71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

---

Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/brief%3Amicro_IA40385012_1061%3A22. Public record. Not legal advice.