# Petitioners Brief — Perrin v. United States

> Briefs, arguments, decisions, and more.

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/brief%3Amicro_IA40385006_0037%3A6

## Record

- **Collection:** Supreme Court brief
- **Document type:** Petitioners Brief
- **Published:** January 1, 1979
- **Citation:** 444 U.S. 37

## Text

Supreme Court, U.*
FILED

P 28 1970

g ICHAEL ROL»: ‘ |
IN THE . a

Supreme Court of the United States

OcToper Term, 1979
No. 78-959

VINCENT R. Perrin, Jr.,
Petitioner,
Vv.

Unitep STATES oF AMERICA,
Respondent.

ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT

REPLY BRIEF

Lewis A. KoRNHAUSER InA J. KURZBAN
New York University KurzBan & Kurzpan, P.A,

School of Law 700 Brickell Avenue
40 Washington Sq. South Suite 901
New York, N.Y. 10012 Miami, Florida 33131
Rovert G, Hark LeoNARD B. Boupin
4616 Jefferson Highway Rabinowitz, Boupin, STANDARD
Metairie, La. KRINSKY & LIEBERMAN
aN, ae ee 30 Kast 42nd Street
Suite 1215 New York, N.Y. 10017
144 Elk Place Plaza Apert J. AHERN, Jr.
New Orleans, La, 70112 One Skyline Place

5205 Leesburg Pike
Bailey’s Crossroads,
Virginia 22041

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Summary of Argument 0.000000... RE IAG Os 0-0

ARGUMENT:

I, Congress Intended, in the Travel Act, to Define
“Bribery” as an Offer of Money or of Other
Benefits to Corrupt a Person Holding Publie
Office or Charged With a Publie Trust .0..00........

A.

B.

C.

Accepted Legal Usage Today and at the Time
of Knactment of the Travel Act Defined
“Bribery” as an Offer of Money or Other
Benefit to Corrupt a Person Holding Publie
Office or Charged With a Publie Trust ........

1... "Ree: Combis TOW fos a as

2. The Pattern of Congressional Enactments
GD ONE | ccc TSH DYNEA HA

Zo SN: AURIERNOD Gio ae

This Court’s Decision ¢in United States v.
Nardello Is Consistent With-a—Definition of
Bribery That Requires the Corruption of a
PIR NE iis ccosened secs EO BR APS oy to A

The Legislative History of the Travel Aet
Demonstrates That Congress Intended to
Define Bribery With Reference to Persons
Charged With a Publie Trust: 2000000000... icetts

. The Inelusion of Commercial Bribery With-

in the Ambit of the Travel Aet Would Be
Inconsistent With the Purposes Sought to Be
BIST OR W COT OIG occ enservsscicsnctiestiodastnessocee.

10

13

il
PAGE

II. To Include Commercial Bribery Within the Ambit
of the Travel Act Violates the Petitioner’s Due
Process Right to Fair Notice as That Right is
Variously Recognized in the Judicial Doctrines
of Lenity, Void-for-Vagueness as Applied and
the Rule of Bowie v. City of Columbia ............... 19

A. The void-for-vagueness doctrine .................. . 2

B. A Broad Interpretation of the Travel Act
When Applied to the Defendant Amounts to
an Ka Post Facto Law in Violation of the
Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment 23

CONCLUSION .......... Mak: Reet Roe Bee PSP Ss Sag TA NR 26

eee ar NN os din) ee ee aoe 27

Taste or AUTHORITIES
Cases:

Arroyo v. United States, 359 U.S. 419 (1959) 0... 7
Barrett v. United States, 423 U.S, 212 (1976) 00000... 20
Bell v. United States, 349 U.S. 81 (1955)... 00. 20
Bouie vy. City of Columbia, 378 U.S. 347 (1964) _..3, 19, 20,
23, 24, 25
Champlin Refining Co. v. Corporation Commission of
Oklahoma, 286 U.S. 210 (1932) ou... pec desc c cesses 22
Connally v. General Construction Company, 269 U.S.
RTs RR eT bigeae AN. bomen ene RAE Ly ia RME 21, 22, 23
Conway Import Co. vy. United States, 311 F.Supp. 5
CRREL Es SUMED) cccsvicrsnchccdadindeths ta dinap bideitnabgicanittd smoaneoabeth 10
Douglas v. Buder, 412 U.S. 480 (1973) ooo... 23
Dunn v. United States, —— U.S. ——, 99 S. Ct. 2190
CITT | tdecsndichosenssacteibibeteutic ca lotuamny ih idilcdaile id Snipe lbidiahiacetl 3, 20

on Cee Sete Bee

i te

ili

PAGE

Erlenbaugh v. United States, 409 U.S, 239 (1972) ........ 17
F.C.C. v. American Broadcasting Co., 347 U.S. 284

(1964) sanduadbuehapelcaebonieapiactdnastnanacdesseneeaacedeetelosionebene aa 23

Huddleston v. United States, 415 U.S. 814 (1974) ........ 20

James v. United States, 366 U.S. 213 (1961) 0000000... 22

Lanzetta v. New Jersey, 306 U.S. 451 (1939) oo... 21, 22

Marks v. United States, 430 U.S. 188 (1977) ...... 23, 24, 25

McBoyle v. United States, 283 U.S. 25 (1981)... 21
Nash v. United States, 229 U.S. 373 (1913) 000... 21
O’Shea v. Littleton, 414 U.S. 488 (1974) oo. 17
Papachristou vy. City of Jacksonville, 405 U.S. 156
OTRO EA TCR clad tev any ot aot a 21, 22
Pierce v. United States, 314 U.S. 306 (1941) 2000... 23, 24
Rainwater v, United States, 356 U.S. 590 (1950) ....... 15
Rewis v, United States, 401 U.S. 808 (1971)... 13, 16, 20
Rizzo v. Goode, 423 U.S. 362 (1976) 0.0... 3,17
Scarborough v. United States, 431 U.S. 563 (1977) ........ 19
Smith v. Cahoon, 283 U.S. 553 (1931) Vet ONT RSE 8 24
Smith v. United States, 360 U.S. 1 (1959) 23
Splawn vy. California, 431 U.S. 595 (1977) 0. 22
Stefanelli v. Minard, 342 U.S. 117 (1951) 2000... 17
United States v. Bass, 404 U.S. 336 (1971) 00... 17, 19, 23
United States v. Batchelder, US. ——, 47 U.S.
ee Se ek eee ee 20
United States v. Boston and Maine Railroad, 380 U.S.
BI I cn coleaepnenihicedih ee nal ag oN aD let 22

United States v. Brecht, 540 F.2d 45 (2nd Cir, 1976)
6, 12, 15, 18, 25

iv
PAGE

United States v. Campos-Serrano, 404 U.S. 298 (1971) 28
United States v. Cohen Grocery Co., 255 U.S. 81 (1921)

21, 22
United States v, Culbert, 485 U.S. 871 (1978) 00... 17, 20
United States v, Dansker, 587 F.2d 40 (8rd Cir, 1976) 6
United States v. Forsythe, 560 F.2d 1127 (3rd Cir.

gt SOPRAIRE ees we tits TR PT ad is Dg Ta ae Oy Be 6
United States v. Hawthorne, 356 F.2d 740 (4th Cir.),

eort; den. 364° U5, BOS CISGG) oe 13
United States v. Tbe: 464 F.2d 593 (Sth Cir. 1972)... 5
United States v. Naftalin, —— US. ——, 60 L. 1d.2d

eT OTE kad ss Nactahitenihnsaliaoneclncgith he cece ety sansl oe 20

United States vy. Nardello, 393 U.S. 286 (1969) ........2, 4, 10,
11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18
United States vy. Noveck, 271 U.S. 201 (1926) . o. ee

United States v. Pomponio, 511 F.2d 953 (4th Cir,),
cert, denied 423 U.S. 874 (1975) ......ccc cece ccccseccccee es 25
United States v. Price, 361 U.S. 304 (1960) 0000... 14
United States v. Reese, 92 U.S. 214 (1876) 0. 21
United States v. Ryan, 350 U.S. 299 (1956) 00. 7
United States vy. Turley, 352 U.S. 407 (1957) 0. 4
United States v. United Mine Workers, 330 U.S. 258
CRIT EO SENS LS A il
United States v. Wise, 370 U.S. 405 (1962) oo. 14
United States v. Zacher, 586 F.2d 912 (2nd Cir. 1978). 6
Weeds, Inc. vy. United States, 255 U.S. 109 (1921) ...... 21, 22
Winters v, New York, 333 U.S. 507 (1948) 000000... 21, 22
Constitution:
2 9 Rane SN eats ANE eed Dine ar) ea Weare ANE 24
Statutes:
ce SH SESS CARDEN ee PICO bi M ER TNT A 6
ne Oey Oe ee ee at oo BEd 5,8

oe

Vv

PAGE
BIB ie) GRO Woke essndvces Snchiedce + en 2 --

SPORTS
BRIBERY __

Rev.
§ 708-

Haw.
Stat.
881

Classification:
against property
rights

Penalty: misde-

EXTORTION

Haw. Rev.
7908-800,

Classification:
offense against
proerty riahts

Penalty: va-

BLACKMATI,

oO separate

N
830(3) (5) blackmail

statute

meanor meanor (1947) riable
(post-1961)
NONE Idaho Code No separate
NONE § 18-2801 to blackmail

2808

Classification:
extortion

Penalty: $5,000
or 5 years or
both

statute

STATE: BRIBERY OF COMMERC TAL SPORTS EXTORT TON KLACKMATI, * 9a
PUBLIC OFFICIAL BRIBERY —_ BRIBERY

[)}inois Till. Ann. Stat. T11. Ann. [lz Ann. Stat. [ll. Ann, No separate
ch-38 8 33-1 Stat. ch 38 6 29-1, 2 Stat. ch 38 blackmail
(Smith-Hurd) § 29A-1,2,3 (Smith-Wurd) R 16-1 (c) offense

(Smith=Hurd)
Classification: Classification: Classification:
offense affecting Classification: same as commer- Theft and rela-
governmental offense affec- cial bribery ted offenses
functions ting public

health, safety, Penalty: class
Penalty: Class and decency 4 felony
4 felony

Penalty: $500 [became law

fine (business in 1921]

of fense)

[became law
1969]

ed

10a

BRIBERY OF
PUBLIC OFFICTAL

STATE

Indiana Ann. Ine. Code
§ 35-44-1-1(1) (2)
(West)

Classification:
offense against

public administration

Penalty: class C
felony (910,000 or
5 years)

Iowa Code Ann.
§ 722.1 (West)

Iowa
Classification:
bribery & corruption

Penalty:
class D felony

COMMERCIAL
____ BRIBERY.

NONE

Iowa Code Ann.
§ 722.10 (West)

Classification:
bribery & corrup-
tion
Penalty: class D
felony

fadded by acts
(+1978, effecttive
Jan. lst, 1979]

SPORTS
BRIBERY _

Ann. Ind. Code
8 35-44-1-1 (5)

Classification:
same as pu-
blic official
bribery

Penalty: same

as public

official bribery
(orginally passed
in 1947 amended
1976)

Towa Code Ann.
- vanes

Classification:
bribery & corrup-
tion

Penalty:
aggravated misde-
meanor

[1953 Towa Acts]

EXTORT TON BLACKMATI,

Ann. Ind. No separate
Code 8 35-45 blackmail
2-] offense

Classification:
offenses against
Public Health,
Order, & Decency

Penalty: variable

Iowa Code Ann,
§ 711.4

No separate
blackmail
statute
Classification:

robbery & extortion

Penalty: class D
felony

TATE

, . >
ANSGAS

BRIBERY OF
PUBLIC OFFICIALS

Kan. Stat. Ann
® 21-3901

Classification:
affecting public
trusts

Penalty: class

D felony and for
feiture of office
and disqualification

COMMERC IAT,
BRIBERY

Kan. Stat.
Ann. & 21-4405

Classification:
crimes affecting
business

Penalty:
class E felony

[became law
in 1969]

SPORTS

_ BRIBERY

Kan. Stat.
Ann. §& 21-4406

Classification:

affecting
business

Penalty: class
BE felony

[became law
in 1969]

EXTORTION

Kan. Stat.

Ann, & 21-3701
(1) (ec); 21-3902
(b)

Classification:
crime against
property (3701)
crime affecting
public trust
(3902)

Penalty: variable
(3701); class a
misdemeanor plus
forfeit of office
(3902)

ite

BRLACKMATI,

Kan. Stat.
Ann. 8 21-34278

Classification:
crimes against
persons

Penalty: class
E felony

12a

STATE BRIBERY OF COMMERCIAL SPORTS EXTORTION BLACKMAIL
PUBLIC OFFICIAL BRIBERY BRIBERY 13
Kentucky Ky. Rev. Stat. Ky. Rev. Stat. Ky. Re. Stat. Ky. Rev. Stat. No separate
§ 521.020 (Bobbs- § 518.020 § 518.030 § 514,680 blackmail
merrill) (Bobbs~-Merrill) offense
Classification: Classification:
Classification: Classification: same as the theft and related
bribery and corrupt Miscellaneous commercial bribery offenses
influences crimes business
Penalty: class A Penalty: variable
Penalty: class Penalty: class A misdemeanor
D felony misdemeanor
Ky law (1974(?)) (Ky law 1952)
Louisiana La. Rev. Stat. Ann. La. Rev. Stat. La. Rev. Stat. La. Rev, Stat. No separate
§ 14:118 (West) Ann. 14:73 Ann. 14:118.1 Ann. 14-66 blackmail
(West) (West) offense

Classification:
offense against
organized overn-
ment

Penalty: $1,000
fine; 4 years in
prison or both

Classification:
offense against
property

Penalty: $500.00

fine 1 year in
prison or both

(passed, 1920)

Classification:
offense affecting
organized govern-
ment

Penalty: $10,00
fine; 10 years
in prison

(passed, 1942)

Classification:
offense against
property

Penalty:
variable

—_——- —-

13a

STATE BRIBERY OF COMMERCIAL SPORTS EXTORTION BLACKMAIL
i PUBLIC OFFICIAL BRIBERY BRIBERY
Maine 17-A Me. Rev. 17-A Me. Rev. 17-A Me. Rev. 17-A Me. Rev, No separate
State. Ann. 8 602 Stat. Ann. Stat. Ann. §$ 904 Stat. Ann, 8&8 blackmail
(West) § 904 (West) (West) 351, 355, (West) offense
Classification: Classification: Classification: Classification:
bribery & corrupt fraud theft Theft
practices
Penalty: class Penalty: class Penalty: variable
Penalty: class C crime D crime D crime
(passed 1976) (passed 1976)
Maryland MD. Crimes & Pun- NONE MD. Crimes MD. Crimes and No separate

ishments Code Ann.
art. 27, 8 23

Classification:
bribery

Penalty: $100.00

to $5,000.00

fine; 2 to 12 years
in prison; or both;
disenfranchisement;
disqualification
from office-holding

and punishments
Code Ann.
Seti-at. Bees
25

Classification:
bribery

Penalty: $100.00
to $5,00.00 fine;
6 months to 3 years
in prison, or both

(1947)

punishments code blackmail
Ann. art. 2786561 offense
562, 562 A

Classification:
Threats and
threatening
letters

STATE

14a

BRIBERY OF
PUBLIC OFFICIAL

Massachusetts Mass. Gen. Laws

Michigan

Ann. ch 268A 8
2 (West)

Classification:
Conduct of Public
officials and
employees

Penalty: maximum
$5,000 fine;

3 or 4 years

in prison;
disqualification
from office

COMMERCTAL
BRIBERY

Mass. Gen. Laws

, S
Ann.ch. 271 8
39 (West)

Classification:
crime against
public policy

Penalty:maximum
$500.00 fine;

l year in prison
or both

(except for
hiring agents)

Mich. Comp. Laws
Ann. §8750 117-118

Classification:
bribery and corruption

Maximum Penalty:
$5,000 fine;

10 years in prison
(felony)

Mich. Comp. Laws
Ann. 8 750 125

Classification:
bribery & corrup-
tion

Maximum Penalty:
$500 fine;

1 year in jail
(misdemeanor)

(paassed, 1905)

SPORTS
BRIBERY

Mass. Gen. Laws
Ann. ch. 271,
§ 39A (West)

Classification:
crime against
Public Policy

Maximum Penalty:

1,000 fine;

2 years in prison
or both

EXTORTION BLACKMATL

Mass. Gen. Laws

Ann. ch. £65 No separate

BS 25 blackmail
offense

Classification:

crimes against

the person

Maximum Penalty:
$5,000 fine;
15 years in prison

Mich. Comp. Laws
Ann. 8 759.124

Classification:
bribery and corrup-

tion

Penalty: felony

(passed, 1921)

Mich, Comp. Laws No separ@®

Ann. 8 750-213, 214 blackmail
statute,
Classification: but §750.
extortion 214 applies
to a pubk
Maximum Penalty: official
$10,000 fine: only
20 years in prison
(felony)
(passed, 1931) (passed

1931)

STATE BRIBERY OF COMMERCIAL SPORTS EXTORTION BLACKMALI, 1 5 a

PUBLIC OFFICIAL BRIBERY BRIBERY | \ ean
Minnesota Minn. Stat. Ann. NONE Minn. Stat. Minn. Stat. No separate
609.42 (West) Ann. 609,825 Ann, 609.27 blackmail
(West) (West) offense
Classification:
crime affecting public Classification: Classification:
officer or employee miscellaneous crimes of compul-
crimes sion
Penalty: $10,000
fine; 10 years, or ‘) Penalty: $5,000 ~° Penalty: variable
both; forfeiture of fine; 5 years in
office, disqualifica- prison, or both

tion from office

(passed 1947)

Mississipi Miss. Code. Ann. NONE, except Miss, Code Ann. Miss, Code Ann, Miss, Code
§ 97-11-11, §97-11-11 8 97-29-18 § 97-11-33 age § 97-
Classification: offenses reaches private Classifications: Classification:
by public official trustees. crimes against offenses by Public’ Class:

public morals officials against the
Maximum Penalty: person
$1,000 fine; 10 years Penalty! 6 months Penalty: $300 fine;
in prison (ll); to 5 years in pri. 3 months in jail; Penalty:
$5,000 fine; 10 years $100 to $1,000 fine; remoyal from office 5 years
in prison; forfeit; x both (1954) in prison
disqualification (13) (see also 6 97-19

13)

(passed 1857)

16a

Ann. 845-7-101

Classification:
offense against
public administration

Penalty: 10 years;
disqualification from
office

Ann. § 45-8-24

Classification:
offense against
public order

Penaltv: max.
$5,00 fine; 10
years in prison,
or both

(post - 1961)

Ann. 8 45-5-203

Classification:
offense against
the person

Max. Penalty:
10 years

(see also § 45-
8-213)

STATE BRIBERY OF COMMERCTAL SPORTS EXTORTION BLACKMAIL
PUBLIC _ OFFICIAL BRIBERY _BRIBERY a BUI ras
Missouri Mo. Ann. State § 576, Mo. Ann Stat. Mo. Ann. Stat. Mo. Ann. Stat. No separate
010, 020 S 570.. 150 S 570.155 § 570.010 (4) blackmail
(Vernon) (Vernon) (Vernon) 030 (Vernon) offense
Classification: Classification: Classification: Classification:
offense affecting govern- stealing and stealing and stealing etc.
ment related offenses related offenses
Penalty: D felony Penalty: class A Penalty: felony; Penalty:
misdemeanor 19 years; $10,000 variable
(new) (1921)
Montana Mont. Rev. Codes NONE Mont. Rev. Codes Mont. Rev. Codes No separate

blackmail
offense

STATE BRIBERY OF COMMERCTAL SPORT MXTORTTON ™LACKMATL
PUBLIC OFFICIALS BRIBERY BRIBERY
Nebraska Neb. Rev. Stat. Neb. Rev. Stat. Neb. Rev. Stat. Neb. Rev. Stat. No separate
§28-917 (supp. 1978) 8 28-613 §28-614 § 28-513 blackmail
(Supp. 1978) (Supp. 1978) (Supp. 1978) offense
Classification: offense
involving integrity. of Classification: Classification: Classification:
government offenses in- offenses invol- offenses gainst
voling fraud ving fraud properly
Penalty: class IV felony
Penalty: class Penalty: class Penalty:
I misdemeanor II misdemeanor variable
(Neb. had a Comm, (Neb. passed a
bribery law in sp. bribery law
1907) in 1947)
Nevada Nev. Rev. Stat. 88 NONE Nev. Rev. Stat.88 Nev. Rev. Stat.88 Note that
197.010, 020, 030 207.290 205.320 Nev. has a
199.010, 020, 030 statute on
Classification: Classification:crime extortion
Classification: crimes miscellaneous crimes against property by a public
by and against the officer
executive Power Penalty: felony; Penalty: 1 to 10 (§197.170)
(197); crimes against 1 to 6 years years; $5,090 and on

public justice

Penalty: $5,000 fine;
10 years in prison

$5,000 fine;
or both

fine, or both

(passed, 1965)

extortion
via letters
(8 207.180)

17a

2

18a

STATE BRIBERY OF COMMERCIAL SPORTS EXTORTION BLACKMATI,
PUBLIC OFFICIAL eee, ti) Se : Nd oe hae ee Serer
New N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann N.H. Rev. Stat. N.H. Rev. N.H. Rev. Stat. No separate
Hamphire § 640:2 Ann. 8638:7 Stat. Ann Ann § 637:1,5 blackmail
8 638:8 statute
Classification: Classification:
corrupt practices fraud Classification: Classification:
fraud theft
Penalty: class B Penalty: misde-
felony meanor Penaltyq class Penalty:
: B felony variable
(1971) (1971)
New N.J. Stat. Ann. N.J. Stat. Ann. N.J. Stat. Ann N,J. Stat. Ann. No separate
Jersey §2C:27-2 (West) §2C:21-10 (West) §2C:21-11 (West) §2C:202 ,5 blackmail
offense'

Classification:
against public
administration

Penalty: variable

offense

Classification:
forgery and
fraudulent
practices

Penalty: variable

(NEW)

Classification:
forgery and
fraudulent
practices

Penalty:
variable

(N.J. had a
sports bribery
law 1945)

Classification:
theft and related
offenses

Penalty: variable

19a

STATE BRIBERY OF COMMF:RCTAL SPORTS EXTORTION BLACKMATL,
Tye PUBLIC OFFICIALS BRIBERY BRIBERY mr .
New N.M. Stat. Ann. NONE N.M. Stat. Ann N.M. Stat. Ann. No separate
Mexico §40A-24-1,2 §40A-19-13 §40A-16-8 blackmail
offense
Classification: Classification: Classification:
bribery gambling larceny
Penalty: 3rd degree Penalty: 4th deaqree Penalty: 3rd
felony plus forfeit felony deqree felony
of office (1963)
New N.Y. Penal. Law N.Y. Penal. Law N.Y. Penal Law N,Y. Penal Law No separate
York § 200.00, .04, .10, 8180.00, .03, 05, 8180.35, .40 8155.05 (e) blackm il
(McKinney) 08, (McKinney) (McKinney) offense

Classification:
offenses against

public administration

Penalty: class D felony

(in most cases)

Classification:
offenses involving
fraud

Penalty: misde-
meanor

(1905)

Classification:
offenses
involving fraud

Penalty: class D
felony

(1921)

Classification:
offenses invol-
ving theft

Penalty: variable

20a

STATE BRIBERY OF COMMERCIAL SPORTS EXTORTION BLACKMAIL

PUBLIC OFFICIALS BRIBERY BRIBERY ga NE ne ee
North
Carolina N.C. Gen. Stat. N.C. Gen. Stat. N.C. Gen. Stat. N.C. Gen. Stat. N.C. Gen. Stat

§14-217, 218, $14-353 §14-373, 374, §14-118.4 $14-118

219 sFe4 are

Classification: Classification: Classification: Classification: Classification:

offenses against general police general police frauds frauds

public justice regulations regulations

Penalty: felony, Penalty: misde- Penalty: felony; Penalty: felony Penalty: misde

variable meanor, $500 1 to 10 years meanor

punishment depending fine; 6 months variable fine; NOTE: North Carolina

on status of felony in jail, or does Not distinguish

both (See also 8 between extortion
14-380.1) and blackmail on
(1913) (1921) the basis of the
perpetrator
North N.D. Cent. Code N.D. Cent. Code N.D. Cent. Code N,D. Cent. Code No separate
Dakota §12.1-12-01 §812.1-12-08 §12.1-12-07 $12.1-23-01, 902 blackmail
(2) offense

Classification:
bribery, unlawful
influence of
public servants

Penalty: class C
felony

Classification:
bribery unlawful
influence of
public bribery
Penalty: Class
C felony

(1973)

Classification:
bribery unlawful
influence of
public bribery

Penalty: Class
C felony
(1973)

Classification:
theft

Penalty: variabie

STATE BRIBERY OF COMMERCIAL SPORTS EXTORTION BLACKMAIL 2 1 a
sy. PUBLIC OFFICIALS BRIBERY BRIBERY
OHIO Ohio Rev. Code NONE Ohio Rev. Code Ohio Rev. Code No separate
Ann. 82921.02 Ann. 82915. 06 Ann, 82905.11 blackmail
(page) (Page) offense
Classification: Classification: Classification:
offenses against gambling Kidnapping
justice and public ana Extortion
administration Penalty: 4th
degree Penalty: 3rd degree
Penalty: 3rd degree felony felony
felony and
disqualification from
office
Oklahoma Okla. Stat. Ann. NONE Okla Stat. Ann. Okla Stat. Ann Okla Stat,

tit. 21 §381,. 382 tit.21, 8 399, 400 tit. 2) 8§1481-4 Ann. tit.
(West) 21 § 1488
Classification:
Crimes -against
public justice

Classification:

, R Classificat®
crime against public

Classification: crime against

justice crime against property
Penalty: 5 years or property

Penalty: Bribery-5 years $3,000 and year Penalty: 5

or $3,000 fine and in prison or Penalty; up to 5 years ey

2 years, Bribed official $3,000. and l years $10,000

10 years or $5,000 fine year in jail for or ibis

and 1 year plus forfeit bribed person. NOTE: § 1484, re-

and disqualification hintnel tee deunee kab

(1947) by a public official

22a

STATE BRIBERY OF COMMERCIAL SPORTS EXTORTION BLACKMATL
vem PUBLIC OFFICIALS BRIBERY BRIBERY aie ‘
Oregon Or. Rev. Stat. NONF Or. Rev. Stat. Or. Rev. Stat. No separate
6 162.015, .025. 6§165.085, 090 §164.075 blackmail
offense
Classification: Classification: Classification:
offense against fraud and offense against
state and public deception property
justice
Penalty: class Penalty: class
Penalty: Class C felony B felony
B felony (1971)
Penn- 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. 18 Pa. Const 18 Pa. Cons. 18 Pa. Cons. No separate
sylvania Ann. 84701 Stat. Ann. Stat. Ann. Stat. Ann. blackmail
(Purdon) 84108 64109 83923 offense
(Purdon) (Purdon) (Purdon)

Classification:
Public Administration
crime

Penalty: 3rd degree
felony

Classification:
forgery and fraud

Penalty: 2nd
degree misde-
meanor

(Pa. has had
a comm. bribery
state since 1969)

Classification:
forgery and fraud

Classification:
theft and related
offenses

Penalty; lst degree Penalty: variable

misdemeanot

(Pa. has had
a sports bribery
state since 1939)

23a

STATE BRIBERY OF COMMERCIAL SPORTS EXTORTION BLACKMAIL
PUBLIC OFFICIAL BRIBERY BRIBERY
rhode RI. Gen. Laws RI. Gen. Laws RI. Gen. Laws RI. Gen. Laws RI. Gen. Laws
Island §11-7-3,4 §11-7-3, 4 §11-7-9 §11-42-1 §11-42-2
Classification: Classification: Classification: Classification: Classificatior
bribery bribery bribery threats and threats and
extortion extortion
Penalty: Penalty: misde- Penalty:
misdemeanor 1] year meanor-l year $1,000 fine; Penalty: Penalty:
or $1,000 fine; or $1,000 Or 2 years 1 year or 15 years
(Note that bribery or both $1,000.00 or $5,000
of a juror is (1881) or both
punishable by a (1950)
7 year term)
South S.C. Code S.C. Code S.C, Code S.C. Code No separate
Carolina §16-9-210, 220 §16-17-540 §16-17-550 §16-17-640 offense
Classification: Classification: Classification; Classification;

offenses against
public justice

Penalty: 5 years at
hard labor or $3,000

fine and 1 year in
jail (briber); 10

years hard labor or

$5,000 fine and

2 years in jail (bribed)

offense against
public policy

Penalty: $500
fine or 1 year
or both

(1905)

offense against
public policy

Penalty:
$10,000 or 10
years or both
(1962)

offenses against

public policy

Penalty;
10 vears
$5,000 or both

24a

COMMERCIAL

STATE BRIBERY OF SPORTS EXTORTION BLACKMAIL
PUBLIC OFFICIALS BRIBERY BRIBERY
South S.D. Complied NONE NONE S.D. Complied No separate
Dakota Laws Ann, Laws Ann. blackmail
S 22-12A-4,5,6,7 §22-30A-4 offense
Classification: Classification:
Improperities theft
and bribery in
public office Penalty: variable.
(See also
Penalty: class $22-12A 8,9
4 felony-
plus disqualification
in some circumstances
Tennessee Tenn. Code Ann NONE Tenn. Code Tenn. Code No separate
§ 39-801-802 Ann. § 39-824 Ann § 4301 blackmail
offense
Classification: (But see Classification: Classification: ©

bribery, embracery,
etc.

Penalty: bribery--2
to 20 years; bribed
--3 to 21 years plus
disqualification

bribery, embracery,
etc.

$39-821, 822

the bribery

of the agent of
of common carrier)
misdemeanor

(1909)

Penalty: 1 to 5
years, $10,000
fine

(1921)

threats and
extortion

Penalty: 2-5 years

STATE

BRIBERY OF
PUBLIC OFFICIALS

COMMERCIAL
BRIBERY

SPORTS
BRIBERY

EXTORTION

BLACKMAIL

25a

Texas

Tx. Penal. Code
tit. 8, $36.02
(Vernon)

Classification:
offense against
public administra-
tion

Penalty: 3rd degree
felony (briber) ;
2nd degree felony
plus forfeit

or office (bribed)

Tex. Penal
Come, ‘tit, 7.
§ 32.43
(Vernon)

Classification:

fraud

Penalty: 3rd
degree felony

(NEW)

Tex. Penal

Code tit. 7,

§ 32.44,
(Vernon)

Classification:
theft

Penalty: 3rd
dgree felony

(Texas has had
a sports
bribery law
Since 1947)

Tex, Penal

code: tit..7
Bw S208 ,. se;
03. (Vernon)

Classification:

theft

No separate
blackmail
offense

Penalty: variable

Utah

Utah Code Ann,
8 76-8-103,105

Classification:
offense against
government

Penalty: 3rd degree
felony (briber)
class B

misdemeanor (bribal)

Utah Code Ann.
§ 76-6-508

Classification;
offense against

property

Penalty: class
B misdemeanor

(1973)

Utah Code Ann.
§76-6-514

Classification:
offense against
property

Penalty:
3rd degree felony

(1973)

Utah Code Ann.

S 76-6-406

Classification;
offense against

property

Penalty:
variable

No separate
blackmail
offense

26a

STATE BRIBERY OF COMMERCIAL SPORTS EXTORTION BLACKMAIL
PUBLIC OFFICIALS BRIBERY BRIBERY
Vermont Vt. Stat. Ann. Vt. Stat. Ann. NONE VT. Stat. Ann. No separate
tit. 13, 688 1101, tit. 13 § 1106 tit. 13 § 1701 blackmail
1102, etatute
Classification: Classification:
Classification: bribery extortion and
bribery threats
Penalty: 1 year
Penalty: 5 years or or $100 to Penalty: three
$390.00 (briber) $1,000 fine or years or $500
10 years or $1,000 both
plus forfeit and (1904)
disqualification
(bribal)
Virginia Va. Code 8 18.2- Va. Code § 18.2- Va. Code § 18.2- Va. Code § 18.2- No separate

438, 439

Classification:
crimes against

the administration
of justice

Penalty: class 4
felony (plus

forfeit

and disqualification
bribed official)

444

Classification:
crimes against

the administration
of justice

Penalty: class 3
misdemeanor

(NEW) ?

442, 443

Classification:
crimes against

the administration
of justice

Penalty: class
5 felony

(1960)

470, § 18.2-59 offense

Classification:

470 --

crimes against

the adininstration of

justice

59--crimes against
the person

Penalty: 470--

class 4 misdemeanor

59- class 5 felony

J”

X
STATE BRIRERY OF ‘COMMERCIAL SPORTS EXTORTION BLACKMAIL 27a
PUBLIC OFFICIALS BRIBERY _ _BRIBERY_ ree oe
Washington Wash. Rev. Code. Wash. Rev. Code Wash. Rev. Code Wash. Rev. Code No separate
Ann. 8 9A.68 Ann. §49.44.060 Ann. 8 67.04 Ann. §89A.56.110, blackmail
ae 910, .020 <.a@, 230 offense
Classification: Classification:
Bribery and Labor Classification: Classification:
corrupt influence regulation athletics, theft and
sports and enter- robbery
Penalty: class B tainment
felony Penalty: Gross Penalty:
misdemeanor Penalty: gross variable
misdemeanor
(1921)
West
Virginia W.Va. Code 8 NONE W.Va. Code & W.Va. Code § No separate

61-5A-3

Classification:
bribery and
corrupt practices

Penaity: 1-10 years
for an individual;

$50,000 fine for
a corporation;
individuals are

also disgualified

from office

61-10-22

Classification:
crimes against
public policy

Penalty; felony--
1 tO 3 years
or $1,000 or both

(1945)

61-2-13

Classification:
crimes against
the person

Penalty;
misdemeanoe

--2 to 12 months
and $50 to $500
fine

blackmail
statute

28a

STATE BRIBERY OF COMMERCIAL SPORTS EXTORTION BLACKMATAL
PUBLIC OFFICIAL BRIBERY ____BRIBERY PN
Wisconsin Wis. Stat. Ann. Wis. Stat. Ann. Wis. Stat. Ann. Wis. Stat. Ann. No separate
§ 946.10 § 134.05 § 945.08 S '343530.,'-. 33 blackmail
statute
Classification: Classification: Classification: Classification:
crimes against miscellaneous gambling crimes against
government and trade regulations properly
its administration
Penalty: $10.00 Penalty: class D Penalty: $2,000
Penalty: class D to $500 fine or felony for bribery; fine or 5Syears
felony fine and impri- class A misdemeanor or both (.30)
sonment for up for bribed $1,000 fine
to 1 year or l year
(1905) or both (.31)
Wyoming Wyo. Stat. NONE Wyo. Stat. Wyo. Stat. Wyo. Stat.
§ 6-8-201 § 6-9-302 6-8-510 6-7-601

Classification:
offense against
public justice

Penalty: up to 14
years in penitentiary

Classification:
offenses against
public policy

Penalty: 1 to 5
years or $5,000
fine or both
(1963)

Classification:
offenses against
public justice

Penalty:

$10.00 to
$500.00 fine

and up to

6 months in jail
and removal from

. office

Classification
offenses aqairb
public peace

Penalty:
up to 5
years

29a

STATE BRIBERY OF COMMERCIAL SPORTS EXTORTION BLACKMAIL
PUBLIC OFFICIALS BRIBERY BRIBERY oe
Model § 224-8 § 223.9 223.2 No separate
Penal 6 240.1 blackmail
Code offense
Classification: Classification: Classification: Classification:
offenses against forgery and forgery and theft and

public adminis-
tration

Penalty: 3rd
degree felony

fraudulent
practices

Penalty:
misdemeanor

fraudulent
practices

Penalty:
variable

related offenses

Penalty:
variable

---

Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/documents/brief%3Amicro_IA40385006_0037%3A6. Public record. Not legal advice.