# Bethany Farber v. City of Los Angeles

> District Court, C.D. California · August 19, 2022

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/9980970

## Case

- **Court:** District Court, C.D. California
- **Decided:** August 19, 2022
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

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## Opinion text

Case 2:22-cv-01173-ODW-KS Document 29 Filed 08/19/22 Page 1 of 14 Page ID #:169
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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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11 BETHANY FARBER, an individual, CASE NO. CV22-01173-ODW-KS
Hon. Otis D. Wright II, Ctrm. 5D, 5th Fl.
12 Mag. Karen L. Stevenson, Ctrm. 580, 5th Fl.
Plaintiff,
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____________
v. [PROPOSED] PROTECTIVE ORDER
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15 CITY OF LOS ANGELES, a municipal
entity; and DOES 1 through 100, inclusive,
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18 Defendants.
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21 1. A. PURPOSES AND LIMITATIONS
22 Discovery in this action is likely to involve production of confidential, proprietary, or
23 private information for which special protection from public disclosure and from use for
24 any purpose other than prosecuting this litigation may be warranted. Accordingly, the
25 parties hereby stipulate to and petition the Court to enter the following Stipulated
26 Protective Order. The parties acknowledge that this Order does not confer blanket
27 protections on all disclosures or responses to discovery and that the protection it affords
28 from public disclosure and use extends only to the limited information or items that are
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Case 2:22-cv-01173-ODW-KS Document 29 Filed 08/19/22 Page 2 of 14 Page ID #:170
1 entitled to confidential treatment under the applicable legal principles. The parties further
2 acknowledge, as set forth in Section 12.3, below, that this Stipulated Protective Order does
3 not entitle them to file confidential information under seal; Civil Local Rule 79-5 sets forth
4 the procedures that must be followed and the standards that will be applied when a party
5 seeks permission from the court to file material under seal.
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7 B. GOOD CAUSE STATEMENT
8 This action is likely to involve confidential information. Plaintiff’s are seeking
9 information that Defendant City of Los Angeles maintains as confidential, such as
10 personnel files of the police officers involved in this incident, internal affairs materials
11 and information, and other administrative material currently in the possession of the City.
12 Plaintiff’s are also seeking official information contained in the personnel files of the
13 involved police officers, which the City maintains as strictly confidential. The City
14 believes these documents need special protection from public disclosure and from use
15 for any purpose other than prosecuting this litigation. These materials have not been
16 publically released.
17 The City asserts that the confidentiality of the materials and information sought
18 by Plaintiff is recognized by California and federal law, as evidenced by Cal. Pen. Code
19 Sec. 832.7 and Kerr v. United States Dist. Ct. for N.D. Cal., 511 F.2d 192, 198 (9th Cir.
20 1975), aff’d 426 U.S. 394 (1976). Unfettered disclosure of the confidential information
21 contained in these files, absent a protective order, would allow the media to share this
22 information with potential jurors in the area, impacting the rights of the City to receive a
23 fair trial.
24 Accordingly, to expedite the flow of information, to facilitate the prompt
25 resolution of disputes over confidentiality of discovery materials, to adequately protect
26 information the parties are entitled to keep confidential, to ensure that the parties are
27 permitted reasonable necessary uses of such material in preparation for and in the conduct
28 of trial, to address their handling at the end of the litigation, and serve the ends of justice,

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Case 2:22-cv-01173-ODW-KS Document 29 Filed 08/19/22 Page 3 of 14 Page ID #:171
1 a protective order for such information is justified in this matter. It is the intent of the
2 parties that information will not be designated as confidential for tactical reasons and that
3 nothing be so designated without a good faith belief that it has been maintained in a
4 confidential, non-public manner, and there is good cause why it should not be part of the
5 public record of this case.
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7 2. DEFINITIONS
8 2.1 Action: this pending federal law suit.
9 2.2 Challenging Party: a Party or Non-Party that challenges the designation of
10 information or items under this Order.
11 2.3 “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items: information (regardless of how
12 it is generated, stored or maintained) or tangible things that qualify for protection under
13 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(c), and as specified above in the Good Cause
14 Statement.
15 2.4 Counsel: Outside Counsel of Record and House Counsel (as well as their
16 support staff).
17 2.5 Designating Party: a Party or Non-Party that designates information or
18 items that it produces in disclosures or in responses to discovery as “CONFIDENTIAL.”
19 2.6 Disclosure or Discovery Material: all items or information, regardless of
20 the medium or manner in which it is generated, stored, or maintained (including, among
21 other things, testimony, transcripts, and tangible things), that are produced or generated
22 in disclosures or responses to discovery in this matter.
23 2.7 Expert: a person with specialized knowledge or experience in a matter
24 pertinent to the litigation who has been retained by a Party or its counsel to serve as an
25 expert witness or as a consultant in this Action.
26 2.8 House Counsel: attorneys who are employees of a party to this Action. House
27 Counsel does not include Outside Counsel of Record or any other outside counsel.
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Case 2:22-cv-01173-ODW-KS Document 29 Filed 08/19/22 Page 4 of 14 Page ID #:172
1 2.9 Non-Party: any natural person, partnership, corporation, association, or
2 other legal entity not named as a Party to this action.
3 2.10 Outside Counsel of Record: attorneys who are not employees of a party to
4 this Action but are retained to represent or advise a party to this Action and have appeared
5 in this Action on behalf of that party or are affiliated with a law firm which has appeared
6 on behalf of that party, and includes support staff.
7 2.11 Party: any party to this Action, including all of its officers, directors,
8 employees, consultants, retained experts, and Outside Counsel of Record (and their
9 support staffs).
10 2.12 Producing Party: a Party or Non-Party that produces Disclosure or
11 Discovery Material in this Action.
12 2.13 Professional Vendors: persons or entities that provide litigation support
13 services (e.g., photocopying, videotaping, translating, preparing exhibits or
14 demonstrations, and organizing, storing, or retrieving data in any form or medium) and
15 their employees and subcontractors.
16 2.14 Protected Material: any Disclosure or Discovery Material that is
17 designated as “CONFIDENTIAL.”
18 2.15 Receiving Party: a Party that receives Disclosure or Discovery Material
19 from a Producing Party.
20 3. SCOPE
21 The protections conferred by this Stipulation and Order cover not only
22 Protected Material (as defined above), but also (1) any information copied or extracted
23 from Protected Material; (2) all copies, excerpts, summaries, or compilations of Protected
24 Material; and (3) any testimony, conversations, or presentations by Parties or their
25 Counsel that might reveal Protected Material.
26 Any use of Protected Material at trial shall be governed by the orders of the trial
27 judge. This Order does not govern the use of Protected Material at trial.
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Case 2:22-cv-01173-ODW-KS Document 29 Filed 08/19/22 Page 5 of 14 Page ID #:173
1 4. DURATION
2 Even after final disposition of this litigation, the confidentiality obligations
3 imposed by this Order shall remain in effect until a Designating Party agrees otherwise
4 in writing or a court order otherwise directs. Final disposition shall be deemed to be the
5 later of (1) dismissal of all claims and defenses in this Action, with or without prejudice;
6 and (2) final judgment herein after the completion and exhaustion of all appeals,
7 rehearings, remands, trials, or reviews of this Action, including the time limits for filing
8 any motions or applications for extension of time pursuant to applicable law.
9 5. DESIGNATING PROTECTED MATERIAL
10 5.1 Exercise of Restraint and Care in Designating Material for Protection. Each
11 Party or Non-Party that designates information or items for protection under this Order
12 must take care to limit any such designation to specific material that qualifies under the
13 appropriate standards. The Designating Party must designate for protection only those
14 parts of material, documents, items, or oral or written communications that qualify so
15 that other portions of the material, documents, items, or communications for which
16 protection is not warranted are not swept unjustifiably within the ambit of this Order.
17 Mass, indiscriminate, or routinized designations are prohibited. Designations
18 that are shown to be clearly unjustified or that have been made for an improper purpose
19 (e.g., to unnecessarily encumber the case development process or to impose unnecessary
20 expenses and burdens on other parties) may expose the Designating Party to sanctions.
21 If it comes to a Designating Party’s attention that information or items that it
22 designated for protection do not qualify for protection, that Designating Party must
23 promptly notify all other Parties that it is withdrawing the inapplicable designation.
24 5.2 Manner and Timing of Designations. Except as otherwise provided in
25 this Order (see, e.g., second paragraph of section 5.2(a) below), or as otherwise stipulated
26 or ordered, Disclosure or Discovery Material that qualifies for protection under this Order
27 must be clearly so designated before the material is disclosed or produced.
28 Designation in conformity with this Order requires:

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Case 2:22-cv-01173-ODW-KS Document 29 Filed 08/19/22 Page 6 of 14 Page ID #:174
1 (a) for information in documentary form (e.g., paper or electronic
2 documents, but excluding transcripts of depositions or other pretrial or trial proceedings),
3 that the Producing Party affix at a minimum, the legend “CONFIDENTIAL” (hereinafter
4 “CONFIDENTIAL legend”), to each page that contains protected material. If only a
5 portion or portions of the material on a page qualifies for protection, the Producing Party
6 also must clearly identify the protected portion(s) (e.g., by making appropriate markings
7 in the margins).
8 A Party or Non-Party that makes original documents available for inspection
9 need not designate them for protection until after the inspecting Party has indicated which
10 documents it would like copied and produced. During the inspection and before the
11 designation, all of the material made available for inspection shall be deemed
12 “CONFIDENTIAL.” After the inspecting Party has identified the documents it wants
13 copied and produced, the Producing Party must determine which documents, or portions
14 thereof, qualify for protection under this Order. Then, before producing the specified
15 documents, the Producing Party must affix the “CONFIDENTIAL legend” to each page
16 that contains Protected Material. If only a portion or portions of the material on a page
17 qualifies for protection, the Producing Party also must clearly identify the protected
18 portion(s) (e.g., by making appropriate markings in the margins).
19 (b) for testimony given in depositions that the Designating Party identify the
20 Disclosure or Discovery Material on the record, before the close of the deposition all
21 protected testimony.
22 (c) for information produced in some form other than documentary and for any
23 other tangible items, that the Producing Party affix in a prominent place on the exterior
24 of the container or containers in which the information is stored the legend
25 “CONFIDENTIAL.” If only a portion or portions of the information warrants protection,
26 the Producing Party, to the extent practicable, shall identify the protected portion(s).
27 5.3 Inadvertent Failures to Designate. If timely corrected, an inadvertent failure
28 to designate qualified information or items does not, standing alone, waive the

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Case 2:22-cv-01173-ODW-KS Document 29 Filed 08/19/22 Page 7 of 14 Page ID #:175
1 Designating Party’s right to secure protection under this Order for such material. Upon
2 timely correction of a designation, the Receiving Party must make reasonable efforts to
3 assure that the material is treated in accordance with the provisions of this Order.
4 6. CHALLENGING CONFIDENTIALITY DESIGNATIONS
5 6.1 Timing of Challenges. Any Party or Non-Party may challenge a designation
6 of confidentiality at any time that is consistent with the Court’s Scheduling Order.
7 6.2 Meet and Confer. The Challenging Party shall initiate the dispute resolution
8 process under Local Rule 37.1 et seq.
9 6.3 The burden of persuasion in any such challenge proceeding shall be on the
10 Designating Party. Frivolous challenges, and those made for an improper purpose (e.g.,
11 to harass or impose unnecessary expenses and burdens on other parties) may expose the
12 Challenging Party to sanctions. Unless the Designating Party has waived or withdrawn
13 the confidentiality designation, all parties shall continue to afford the material in question
14 the level of protection to which it is entitled under the Producing Party’s designation until
15 the Court rules on the challenge.
16 7. ACCESS TO AND USE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL
17 7.1 Basic Principles. A Receiving Party may use Protected Material that is
18 disclosed or produced by another Party or by a Non-Party in connection with this Action
19 only for prosecuting, defending, or attempting to settle this Action. Such Protected
20 Material may be disclosed only to the categories of persons and under the conditions
21 described in this Order. When the Action has been terminated, a Receiving Party must
22 comply with the provisions of section 13 below (FINAL DISPOSITION).
23 Protected Material must be stored and maintained by a Receiving Party at a location and
24 in a secure manner that ensures that access is limited to the persons authorized under this
25 Order.
26 7.2 Disclosure of “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items. Unless
27 otherwise ordered by the court or permitted in writing by the Designating Party, a
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Case 2:22-cv-01173-ODW-KS Document 29 Filed 08/19/22 Page 8 of 14 Page ID #:176
1 Receiving Party may disclose any information or item designated “CONFIDENTIAL”
2 only to:
3 (a) the Receiving Party’s Outside Counsel of Record in this Action, as well as
4 employees of said Outside Counsel of Record to whom it is reasonably necessary to
5 disclose the information for this Action;
6 (b) the officers, directors, and employees (including House Counsel) of the
7 Receiving Party to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action;
8 (c) Experts (as defined in this Order) of the Receiving Party to whom disclosure
9 is reasonably necessary for this Action and who have signed the “Acknowledgment and
10 Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A);
11 (d) the court and its personnel;
12 (e) court reporters and their staff;
13 (f) professional jury or trial consultants, mock jurors, and Professional Vendors
14 to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action and who have signed the
15 “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A);
16 (g) the author or recipient of a document containing the information or a
17 custodian or other person who otherwise possessed or knew the information;
18 (h) during their depositions, witnesses, and attorneys for witnesses, in the
19 Action to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary provided: (1) the deposing party
20 requests that the witness sign the form attached as Exhibit 1 hereto; and (2) they will not
21 be permitted to keep any confidential information unless they sign the “Acknowledgment
22 and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A), unless otherwise agreed by the Designating
23 Party or ordered by the court. Pages of transcribed deposition testimony or exhibits to
24 depositions that reveal Protected Material may be separately bound by the court reporter
25 and may not be disclosed to anyone except as permitted under this Stipulated Protective
26 Order; and
27 (i) any mediator or settlement officer, and their supporting personnel, mutually
28 agreed upon by any of the parties engaged in settlement discussions.

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Case 2:22-cv-01173-ODW-KS Document 29 Filed 08/19/22 Page 9 of 14 Page ID #:177
1 8. PROTECTED MATERIAL SUBPOENAED OR ORDERED PRODUCED IN
2 OTHER LITIGATION
3 If a Party is served with a subpoena or a court order issued in other litigation
4 that compels disclosure of any information or items designated in this Action as
5 “CONFIDENTIAL,” that Party must:
6 (a) promptly notify in writing the Designating Party. Such notification shall
7 include a copy of the subpoena or court order;
8 (b) promptly notify in writing the party who caused the subpoena or order to
9 issue in the other litigation that some or all of the material covered by the subpoena or
10 order is subject to this Protective Order. Such notification shall include a copy of this
11 Stipulated Protective Order; and
12 (c) cooperate with respect to all reasonable procedures sought to be pursued by
13 the Designating Party whose Protected Material may be affected.
14 If the Designating Party timely seeks a protective order, the Party served with the
15 subpoena or court order shall not produce any information designated in this action as
16 “CONFIDENTIAL” before a determination by the court from which the subpoena or
17 order issued, unless the Party has obtained the Designating Party’s permission. The
18 Designating Party shall bear the burden and expense of seeking protection in that court
19 of its confidential material and nothing in these provisions should be construed as
20 authorizing or encouraging a Receiving Party in this Action to disobey a lawful directive
21 from another court.
22 9. A NON-PARTY’S PROTECTED MATERIAL SOUGHT TO BE
23 PRODUCED IN THIS LITIGATION
24 (a) The terms of this Order are applicable to information produced by a Non-
25 Party in this Action and designated as “CONFIDENTIAL.” Such information produced
26 by Non-Parties in connection with this litigation is protected by the remedies and relief
27 provided by this Order. Nothing in these provisions should be construed as prohibiting a
28 Non-Party from seeking additional protections.

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Case 2:22-cv-01173-ODW-KS Document 29 Filed 08/19/22 Page 10 of 14 Page ID #:178
1 (b) In the event that a Party is required, by a valid discovery request, to produce
2 a Non-Party’s confidential information in its possession, and the Party is subject to an
3 agreement with the Non-Party not to produce the Non-Party’s confidential information,
4 then the Party shall:
5 (1) promptly notify in writing the Requesting Party and the Non-Party
6 that some or all of the information requested is subject to a confidentiality agreement
7 with a Non-Party;
8 (2) promptly provide the Non-Party with a copy of the Stipulated
9 Protective Order in this Action, the relevant discovery request(s), and a reasonably
10 specific description of the information requested; and
11 (3) make the information requested available for inspection by the Non-
12 Party, if requested.
13 (c) If the Non-Party fails to seek a protective order from this court within 14
14 days of receiving the notice and accompanying information, the Receiving Party may
15 produce the Non-Party’s confidential information responsive to the discovery request. If
16 the Non-Party timely seeks a protective order, the Receiving Party shall not produce any
17 information in its possession or control that is subject to the confidentiality agreement
18 with the Non-Party before a determination by the court. Absent a court order to the
19 contrary, the Non-Party shall bear the burden and expense of seeking protection in this
20 court of its Protected Material.
21 10. UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL
22 If a Receiving Party learns that, by inadvertence or otherwise, it has disclosed
23 Protected Material to any person or in any circumstance not authorized under this
24 Stipulated Protective Order, the Receiving Party must immediately (a) notify in writing
25 the Designating Party of the unauthorized disclosures, (b) use its best efforts to retrieve
26 all unauthorized copies of the Protected Material, (c) inform the person or persons to
27 whom unauthorized disclosures were made of all the terms of this Order, and (d) request
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Case 2:22-cv-01173-ODW-KS Document 29 Filed 08/19/22 Page 11 of 14 Page ID #:179
1 such person or persons to execute the “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound”
2 that is attached hereto as Exhibit A.
3 11. INADVERTENT PRODUCTION OF PRIVILEGED OR OTHERWISE
4 PROTECTED MATERIAL
5 When a Producing Party gives notice to Receiving Parties that certain
6 inadvertently produced material is subject to a claim of privilege or other protection, the
7 obligations of the Receiving Parties are those set forth in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure
8 26(b)(5)(B). This provision is not intended to modify whatever procedure may be
9 established in an e-discovery order that provides for production without prior privilege
10 review. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence 502(d) and (e), insofar as the parties reach
11 an agreement on the effect of disclosure of a communication or information covered by
12 the attorney-client privilege or work product protection, the parties may incorporate their
13 agreement in the stipulated protective order submitted to the court.
14 12. MISCELLANEOUS
15 12.1 Right to Further Relief. Nothing in this Order abridges the right of any
16 person to seek its modification by the Court in the future.
17 12.2 Right to Assert Other Objections. By stipulating to the entry of this
18 Protective Order no Party waives any right it otherwise would have to object to disclosing
19 or producing any information or item on any ground not addressed in this Stipulated
20 Protective Order. Similarly, no Party waives any right to object on any ground to use in
21 evidence of any of the material covered by this Protective Order.
22 12.3 Filing Protected Material. A Party that seeks to file under seal any Protected Material
23 must comply with Civil Local Rule 79-5. Protected Material may only be filed under seal
24 pursuant to a court order authorizing the sealing of the specific Protected Material at
25 issue. If a Party's request to file Protected Material under seal is denied by the court, then
26 the Receiving Party may file the information in the public record unless otherwise
27 instructed by the court.
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Case 2:22-cv-01173-ODW-KS Document 29 Filed 08/19/22 Page 12 of 14 Page ID #:180
1 13. FINAL DISPOSITION
2 After the final disposition of this Action, as defined in paragraph 4, within 60
3 days of a written request by the Designating Party, each Receiving Party must return all
4 Protected Material to the Producing Party or destroy such material. As used in this
5 subdivision, “all Protected Material” includes all copies, abstracts, compilations,
6 summaries, and any other format reproducing or capturing any of the Protected Material.
7 Whether the Protected Material is returned or destroyed, the Receiving Party must submit
8 a written certification to the Producing Party (and, if not the same person or entity, to the
9 Designating Party) by the 60 day deadline that (1) identifies (by category, where
10 appropriate) all the Protected Material that was returned or destroyed and (2)affirms that
11 the Receiving Party has not retained any copies, abstracts, compilations, summaries or
12 any other format reproducing or capturing any of the Protected Material.
13 Notwithstanding this provision, Counsel are entitled to retain an archival copy of all
14 pleadings, motion papers, trial, deposition, and hearing transcripts, legal memoranda,
15 correspondence, deposition and trial exhibits, expert reports, attorney work product, and
16 consultant and expert work product, even if such materials contain Protected Material.
17 Any such archival copies that contain or constitute Protected Material remain subject to
18 this Protective Order as set forth in Section 4 (DURATION).
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Cage 2:22-cv-01173-ODW-KS Document 29 Filed 08/19/22 Page 13o0f14 Page ID #:181

1 |) 14. Any violation of this Order may be punished by any and all appropriate
2||measures including, without limitation, contempt proceedings and/or monetary
3 || sanctions.
IT IS SO STIPULATED, THROUGH COUNSEL OF RECORD.
a Dated: August 16,2022 SHEGERIAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.

8 By: /s/ Mark Lim
9 Attorney for Plaintiff BETHANY FARBER
10 || Dated: August 16,2022 MICHAEL N. FEUER, City nee
SCOTT MARCUS, Chief Assistant tees
1] CORY M. BRENTE, Senior Assistant City Attorney
EMILY S. COHEN, Deputy City Attorney
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By:____ Emily S. Cohew
13 EMILY S. COHEN, Deputy City Attorney
14 Attorneys for Defendant CITY OF LOS ANGELES
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16 FOR GOOD CAUSE SHOWN, IT IS SO ORDERED.
17 || DATED: August 19, 2022 Fase □ -Fiasatsty
18 Hon. Karen L. Stevenson
United States Magistrate Judge
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Case 2:22-cv-01173-ODW-KS Document 29 Filed 08/19/22 Page 14 of 14 Page ID #:182
1 EXHIBIT A
2 ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND AGREEMENT TO BE BOUND
3
4 I, _____________________________ [print or type full name], of _________________
5 [print or type full address], declare under penalty of perjury that I have read in its entirety
6 and understand the Stipulated Protective Order that was issued by the United States
7 District Court for the Central District of California on [date] in the case of ___________
8 Bethany Farber vs. City of Los Angeles, et al, Case No. CV2201173-ODW-KS. I agree
9 to comply with and to be bound by all the terms of this Stipulated Protective Order and I
10 understand and acknowledge that failure to so comply could expose me to sanctions and
11 punishment in the nature of contempt. I solemnly promise that I will not disclose in any
12 manner any information or item that is subject to this Stipulated Protective Order to any
13 person or entity except in strict compliance with the provisions of this Order.
14 I further agree to submit to the jurisdiction of the United States District Court for the
15 Central District of California for the purpose of enforcing the terms of this Stipulated
16 Protective Order, even if such enforcement proceedings occur after termination of this
17 action. I hereby appoint __________________________ [print or type full name] of
18 _______________________________________ [print or type full address and
19 telephone number] as my California agent for service of process in connection with this
20 action or any proceedings related to enforcement of this Stipulated Protective Order.
21 Date: ______________________________________
22 City and State where sworn and signed: _________________________________
23 Printed name: _______________________________
24 Signature: __________________________________

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/9980970. Public record. Not legal advice.