# James Vernon Lincoln v. Costco Wholesale Corporation

> District Court, C.D. California · May 12, 2022

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/9979973

## Case

- **Court:** District Court, C.D. California
- **Decided:** May 12, 2022
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

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## Opinion text

Case 2:21-cv-09850-DSF-SK Document 19 Filed 05/12/22 Page 1 of 15 Page ID #:349

1
2
3
4
5
6
7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
8 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
9
10 JAMES VERNON LINCOLN Case No. CV 21-09850-DSF (SKx)

11 Plaintiff,
STIPULATED PROTECTIVE
12 v. ORDER

13 COSTCO WHOLESALE
CORPORATION; JANE DOE; and
14 DOES 1 to 10, Inclusive,

15 Defendant.
16
17
1. A. PURPOSES AND LIMITATIONS
18

19
Discovery in this action is likely to involve production of confidential,
20
proprietary, or private information for which special protection from public
21
disclosure and from use for any purpose other than prosecuting this litigation may
22
be warranted. Accordingly, the parties hereby stipulate to and petition the Court to
23
enter the following Stipulated Protective Order. The parties acknowledge that this
24
Order does not confer blanket protections on all disclosures or responses to
25
discovery and that the protection it affords from public disclosure and use extends
26
only to the limited information or items that are entitled to confidential treatment
27
under the applicable legal principles. The parties further acknowledge, as set forth
28
4860-0726-7103.1
Case 2:21-cv-09850-DSF-SK Document 19 Filed 05/12/22 Page 2 of 15 Page ID #:350

1 in Section 12.3 (Filing Protected Material), below, that this Stipulated Protective
2 Order does not entitle them to a file confidential information under seal; Civil Local
3 Rule 79-5 sets forth the procedures that must be followed and the standards that will
4 be applied when a party seeks permission from the court to file material under seal.
5
6 B. GOOD CAUSE STATEMENT
7
8 Good cause exists for this stipulated protective order because Costco's
9 policies and procedures documents contain proprietary information of Costco and
10 Costco only authorizes production of these proprietary documents subject to a
11 protective order. Costco would suffer harm if its proprietary policies and procedures
12 documents and surveillance video were disseminated. Such confidential and
13 proprietary materials and information consist of, among other things, confidential
14 business or financial information, information regarding confidential business
15 practices, or other confidential research, development, or commercial information
16 (including information implicating privacy rights of third parties), information
17 otherwise generally unavailable to the public, or which may be privileged or
18 otherwise protected from disclosure under state or federal statutes, court rules, case
19 decisions, or common law. Accordingly, to expedite the flow of information, to
20 facilitate the prompt resolution of disputes over confidentiality of discovery
21 materials, to adequately protect information the parties are entitled to keep
22 confidential, to ensure that the parties are permitted reasonable necessary uses of
23 such material in preparation for and in the conduct of trial, to address their handling
24 at the end of the litigation, and serve the ends of justice, a protective order for such
25 information is justified in this matter. It is the intent of the parties that information
26 will not be designated as confidential for tactical reasons and that nothing be so
27 designated without a good faith belief that it has been maintained in a confidential,
28 non-public manner, and there is good cause why it should not be part of the public
4860-0726-7103.1 2
Case 2:21-cv-09850-DSF-SK Document 19 Filed 05/12/22 Page 3 of 15 Page ID #:351

1 record of this case.
2
3 2. DEFINITIONS
4 2.1 Action: James Vernon Lincoln v. Costco Wholesale Corporation; Jane
5 Doe; and Does 1 to 10, Inclusive; Case No. 2:21-cv-09850 DSF (SKx).
6 2.2 Challenging Party: a Party or Non-Party that challenges the
7 designation of information or items under this Order.
8 2.3 “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items: information (regardless of
9 how it is generated, stored, or maintained) or tangible things that qualify for
10 protection under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(c), and as specified above in
11 the Good Cause Statement.
12 2.4 Counsel: Outside Counsel of Record and House Counsel (as well as
13 their support staff).
14 2.5 Designating Party: a Party or Non-Party that designates information
15 or items that it produces in disclosures or in responses to discovery as
16 “CONFIDENTIAL.”
17 2.6 Disclosure or Discovery Material: all items or information, regardless
18 of the medium or manner in which it is generated, stored, or maintained (including,
19 among other things, testimony, transcripts, and tangible things), that are produced
20 or generated in disclosures or responses to discovery in this matter.
21 2.7 Expert: a person with specialized knowledge or experience in a matter
22 pertinent to the litigation who has been retained by a Party or its counsel to serve as
23 an expert witness or as a consultant in this Action.
24 2.8 House Counsel: attorneys who are employees of a party to this Action.
25 House Counsel does not include Outside Counsel of Record or any other outside
26 counsel.
27 2.9 Non-Party: any natural person, partnership, corporation, association,
28 or other legal entity not named as a Party to this action.
4860-0726-7103.1 3
Case 2:21-cv-09850-DSF-SK Document 19 Filed 05/12/22 Page 4 of 15 Page ID #:352

1 2.10 Outside Counsel of Record: attorneys who are not employees of a
2 party to this Action but are retained to represent or advise a party to this Action and
3 have appeared in this Action on behalf of that party or are affiliated with a law firm
4 which has appeared on behalf of that party, including support staff.
5 2.11 Party: any party to this Action, including all of its officers, directors,
6 employees, consultants, retained experts, and Outside Counsel of Record (and their
7 support staffs).
8 2.12 Producing Party: a Party or Non-Party that produces Disclosure or
9 Discovery Material in this Action.
10 2.13 Professional Vendors: persons or entities that provide litigation
11 support services (e.g., photocopying, videotaping, translating, preparing exhibits or
12 demonstrations, and organizing, storing, or retrieving data in any form or medium)
13 and their employees and subcontractors.
14 2.14 Protected Material: any Disclosure or Discovery Material that is
15 designated as “CONFIDENTIAL.”
16 2.15 Receiving Party: a Party that receives Disclosure or Discovery
17 Material from a Producing Party.
18
19 3. SCOPE
20 The protections conferred by this Stipulation and Order cover not only
21 Protected Material (as defined above), but also (1) any information copied or
22 extracted from Protected Material; (2) all copies, excerpts, summaries, or
23 compilations of Protected Material; and (3) any testimony, conversations, or
24 presentations by Parties or their Counsel that might reveal Protected Material.
25 Any use of Protected Material at trial shall be governed by the orders of the
26 trial judge. This Order does not govern the use of Protected Material at trial.
27 / /
28 / /
4860-0726-7103.1 4
Case 2:21-cv-09850-DSF-SK Document 19 Filed 05/12/22 Page 5 of 15 Page ID #:353

1 4. DURATION
2 FINAL DISPOSITION of the action is defined as the conclusion of any
3 appellate proceedings, or, if no appeal is taken, when the time for filing of an appeal
4 has run. Except as set forth below, the terms of this protective order apply through
5 FINAL DISPOSITION of the action. The parties may stipulate that the they will be
6 contractually bound by the terms of this agreement beyond FINAL DISPOSITION,
7 but will have to file a separate action for enforcement of the agreement once all
8 proceedings in this case are complete.
9
10 Once a case proceeds to trial, information that was designated as
11 CONFIDENTIAL or maintained pursuant to this protective order used or introduced
12 as an exhibit at trial becomes public and will be presumptively available to all
13 members of the public, including the press, unless compelling reasons supported by
14 specific factual findings to proceed otherwise are made to the trial judge in advance
15 of the trial. See Kamakana, 447 F.3d at 1180-81 (distinguishing “good cause”
16 showing for sealing documents produced in discovery from “compelling reasons”
17 standard when merits-related documents are part of court record). Accordingly, for
18 such materials, the terms of this protective order do not extend beyond the
19 commencement of the trial.
20
21 5. DESIGNATING PROTECTED MATERIAL
22 5.1 Exercise of Restraint and Care in Designating Material for Protection.
23 Each Party or Non-Party that designates information or items for protection under
24 this Order must take care to limit any such designation to specific material that
25 qualifies under the appropriate standards. The Designating Party must designate for
26 protection only those parts of material, documents, items, or oral or written
27 communications that qualify so that other portions of the material, documents,
28 items, or communications for which protection is not warranted are not swept
4860-0726-7103.1 5
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1 unjustifiably within the ambit of this Order.
2 Mass, indiscriminate, or routinized designations are prohibited. Designations
3 that are shown to be clearly unjustified or that have been made for an improper
4 purpose (e.g., to unnecessarily encumber the case development process or to impose
5 unnecessary expenses and burdens on other parties) may expose the Designating
6 Party to sanctions.
7 If it comes to a Designating Party’s attention that information or items that it
8 designated for protection do not qualify for protection, that Designating Party must
9 promptly notify all other Parties that it is withdrawing the inapplicable designation.
10 5.2 Manner and Timing of Designations. Except as otherwise provided in
11 this Order (see, e.g., second paragraph of Section 5.2(a) below), or as otherwise
12 stipulated or ordered, Disclosure or Discovery Material that qualifies for protection
13 under this Order must be clearly so designated before the material is disclosed or
14 produced.
15 Designation in conformity with this Order requires:
16 (a) for information in documentary form (e.g., paper or electronic
17 documents, but excluding transcripts of depositions or other pretrial or trial
18 proceedings), that the Producing Party affix at a minimum, the legend
19 “CONFIDENTIAL” (hereinafter “CONFIDENTIAL legend”), to each page that
20 contains protected material. If only a portion or portions of the material on a page
21 qualifies for protection, the Producing Party also must clearly identify the protected
22 portion(s) (e.g., by making appropriate markings in the margins).
23 A Party or Non-Party that makes original documents available for
24 inspection need not designate them for protection until after the inspecting Party has
25 indicated which documents it would like copied and produced. During the
26 inspection and before the designation, all of the material made available for
27 inspection shall be deemed “CONFIDENTIAL.” After the inspecting Party has
28 identified the documents it wants copied and produced, the Producing Party must
4860-0726-7103.1 6
Case 2:21-cv-09850-DSF-SK Document 19 Filed 05/12/22 Page 7 of 15 Page ID #:355

1 determine which documents, or portions thereof, qualify for protection under this
2 Order. Then, before producing the specified documents, the Producing Party must
3 affix the “CONFIDENTIAL legend” to each page that contains Protected Material.
4 If only a portion or portions of the material on a page qualifies for protection, the
5 Producing Party also must clearly identify the protected portion(s) (e.g., by making
6 appropriate markings in the margins).
7 (b) for testimony given in depositions that the Designating Party identify
8 the Disclosure or Discovery Material on the record, before the close of the
9 deposition all protected testimony.
10 (c) for information produced in some form other than documentary and
11 for any other tangible items, that the Producing Party affix in a prominent place on
12 the exterior of the container or containers in which the information is stored the
13 legend “CONFIDENTIAL.” If only a portion or portions of the information
14 warrants protection, the Producing Party, to the extent practicable, shall identify the
15 protected portion(s).
16 5.3 Inadvertent Failures to Designate. If timely corrected, an inadvertent
17 failure to designate qualified information or items does not, standing alone, waive
18 the Designating Party’s right to secure protection under this Order for such material.
19 Upon timely correction of a designation, the Receiving Party must make reasonable
20 efforts to assure that the material is treated in accordance with the provisions of this
21 Order.
22
23 6. CHALLENGING CONFIDENTIALITY DESIGNATIONS
24 6.1 Timing of Challenges. Any Party or Non-Party may challenge a
25 designation of confidentiality at any time that is consistent with the Court’s
26 Scheduling Order.
27 6.2 Meet and Confer. The Challenging Party Shall initiate the dispute
28 resolution process under Civil Local Rule 37-1 et seq.
4860-0726-7103.1 7
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1 6.3 The burden of persuasion in any such challenge proceeding shall be
2 on the Designating Party. Frivolous challenges, and those made for an improper
3 purpose (e.g., to harass or impose unnecessary expenses and burdens on other
4 parties), may expose the Challenging Party to sanctions. Unless the Designating
5 Party has waived or withdrawn the confidentiality designation, all parties shall
6 continue to afford the material in question the level of protection to which it
7 is entitled under the Producing Party’s designation until the Court rules on the
8 challenge.
9
10 7. ACCESS TO AND USE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL
11 7.1 Basic Principles. A Receiving Party may use Protected Material that
12 is disclosed or produced by another Party or by a Non-Party in connection with
13 this Action only for prosecuting, defending, or attempting to settle this Action.
14 Such Protected Material may be disclosed only to the categories of persons and
15 under the conditions described in this Order. When the Action has been
16 terminated, a Receiving Party must comply with the provisions of Section 13 below
17 (FINAL DISPOSITION).
18 Protected Material must be stored and maintained by a Receiving Party at
19 a location and in a secure manner that ensures that access is limited to the
20 persons authorized under this Order.
21 7.2 Disclosure of “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items. Unless
22 otherwise ordered by the Court or permitted in writing by the Designating Party, a
23 Receiving Party may disclose any information or item designated
24 “CONFIDENTIAL” only to:
25 (a) the Receiving Party’s Outside Counsel of Record in this Action, as
26 well as employees of said Outside Counsel of Record to whom it is reasonably
27 necessary to disclose the information for this Action;
28 (b) the officers, directors, and employees (including House Counsel) of
4860-0726-7103.1 8
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1 the Receiving Party to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action;
2 (c) Experts (as defined in this Order) of the Receiving Party to whom
3 disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action and who have signed the
4 “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A);
5 (d) the Court and its personnel;
6 (e) court reporters and their staff;
7 (f) professional jury or trial consultants, mock jurors, and Professional
8 Vendors to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action and who have
9 signed the “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A);
10 (g) the author or recipient of a document containing the information or a
11 custodian or other person who otherwise possessed or knew the information;
12 (h) during their depositions, witnesses, and attorneys for witnesses, in
13 the Action to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary provided: (1) the deposing
14 party requests that the witness sign the form attached as Exhibit A hereto; and (2)
15 they will not be permitted to keep any confidential information unless they sign the
16 “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A), unless otherwise
17 agreed by the Designating Party or ordered by the Court. Pages of transcribed
18 deposition testimony or exhibits to depositions that reveal Protected Material may
19 be separately bound by the court reporter and may not be disclosed to anyone except
20 as permitted under this Stipulated Protective Order; and
21 (i) any mediator or settlement officer, and their supporting personnel,
22 mutually agreed upon by any of the parties engaged in settlement discussions.
23
24 8. PROTECTED MATERIAL SUBPOENAED OR ORDERED PRODUCED
25 IN OTHER LITIGATION
26 If a Party is served with a subpoena or a court order issued in other litigation
27 that compels disclosure of any information or items designated in this Action as
28 “CONFIDENTIAL,” that Party must:
4860-0726-7103.1 9
Case 2:21-cv-09850-DSF-SK Document 19 Filed 05/12/22 Page 10 of 15 Page ID #:358

1 (a) promptly notify in writing the Designating Party. Such notification
2 shall include a copy of the subpoena or court order;
3 (b) promptly notify in writing the party who caused the subpoena or order
4 to issue in the other litigation that some or all of the material covered by the
5 subpoena or order is subject to this Protective Order. Such notification shall include
6 a copy of this Stipulated Protective Order; and
7 (c) cooperate with respect to all reasonable procedures sought to be
8 pursued by the Designating Party whose Protected Material may be affected.
9 If the Designating Party timely seeks a protective order, the Party served with
10 the subpoena or court order shall not produce any information designated in this
11 action as “CONFIDENTIAL” before a determination by the court from which the
12 subpoena or order issued, unless the Party has obtained the Designating Party’s
13 permission. The Designating Party shall bear the burden and expense of seeking
14 protection in that court of its confidential material, and nothing in these provisions
15 should be construed as authorizing or encouraging a Receiving Party in this Action
16 to disobey a lawful directive from another court.
17
18 9. A NON-PARTY’S PROTECTED MATERIAL SOUGHT TO BE
19 PRODUCED IN THIS LITIGATION
20 (a) The terms of this Order are applicable to information produced by a
21 Non-Party in this Action and designated as “CONFIDENTIAL.” Such information
22 produced by Non-Parties in connection with this litigation is protected by the
23 remedies and relief provided by this Order. Nothing in these provisions should be
24 construed as prohibiting a Non-Party from seeking additional protections.
25 (b) In the event that a Party is required, by a valid discovery request, to
26 produce a Non-Party’s confidential information in its possession, and the Party is
27 subject to an agreement with the Non-Party not to produce the Non-Party’s
28 confidential information, then the Party shall:
4860-0726-7103.1 10
Case 2:21-cv-09850-DSF-SK Document 19 Filed 05/12/22 Page 11 of 15 Page ID #:359

1 (1) promptly notify in writing the Requesting Party and the Non-Party
2 that some or all of the information requested is subject to a confidentiality agreement
3 with a Non-Party;
4 (2) promptly provide the Non-Party with a copy of the Stipulated
5 Protective Order in this Action, the relevant discovery request(s), and a reasonably
6 specific description of the information requested; and
7 (3) make the information requested available for inspection by the Non-
8 Party, if requested.
9 (c) If the Non-Party fails to seek a protective order from this Court within
10 14 days of receiving the notice and accompanying information, the Receiving Party
11 may produce the Non-Party’s confidential information responsive to the discovery
12 request. If the Non-Party timely seeks a protective order, the Receiving Party shall
13 not produce any information in its possession or control that is subject to the
14 confidentiality agreement with the Non-Party before a determination by the Court.
15 Absent a court order to the contrary, the Non-Party shall bear the burden and
16 expense of seeking protection in this Court of its Protected Material.
17
18 10. UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL
19 If a Receiving Party learns that, by inadvertence or otherwise, it has disclosed
20 Protected Material to any person or in any circumstance not authorized under this
21 Stipulated Protective Order, the Receiving Party must immediately (a) notify in
22 writing the Designating Party of the unauthorized disclosures, (b) use its best efforts
23 to retrieve all unauthorized copies of the Protected Material, (c) inform the person
24 or persons to whom unauthorized disclosures were made of all the terms of this
25 Order, and (d) request such person or persons to execute the “Acknowledgment and
26 Agreement to Be Bound” that is attached hereto as Exhibit A.
27 / /
28 / /
4860-0726-7103.1 11
Case 2:21-cv-09850-DSF-SK Document 19 Filed 05/12/22 Page 12 of 15 Page ID #:360

1 11. INADVERTENT PRODUCTION OF PRIVILEGED OR OTHERWISE
2 PROTECTED MATERIAL
3 When a Producing Party gives notice to Receiving Parties that certain
4 inadvertently produced material is subject to a claim of privilege or other protection,
5 the obligations of the Receiving Parties are those set forth in Federal Rule of Civil
6 Procedure 26(b)(5)(B). This provision is not intended to modify whatever
7 procedure may be established in an e-discovery order that provides for production
8 without prior privilege review. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence 502(d) and
9 (e), insofar as the parties reach an agreement on the effect of disclosure of a
10 communication or information covered by the attorney-client privilege or work
11 product protection, the parties may incorporate their agreement in the stipulated
12 protective order submitted to the Court.
13
14 12. MISCELLANEOUS
15 12.1 Right to Relief. Nothing in this Order abridges the right of any person
16 to seek its modification by the Court in the future.
17 12.2 Right to Assert Other Objections. By stipulating to the entry of this
18 Protective Order, no Party waives any right it otherwise would have to object to
19 disclosing or producing any information or item on any ground not addressed in this
20 Stipulated Protective Order. Similarly, no Party waives any right to object on any
21 ground to use in evidence of any of the material covered by this Protective Order.
22 12.3 Filing Protected Material. A Party that seeks to file under seal any
23 Protected Material must comply with Civil Local Rule 79-5. Protected Material
24 may only be filed under seal pursuant to a court order authorizing the sealing of the
25 specific Protected Material at issue. If a Party’s request to file Protected Material
26 under seal is denied by the court, then the Receiving Party may file the information
27 in the public record unless otherwise instructed by the court.
28
4860-0726-7103.1 12
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1 13. FINAL DISPOSITION
2 After the final disposition of this Action, as defined in Section 4
3 (DURATION), within 60 days of a written request by the Designating Party, each
4 Receiving Party must return all Protected Material to the Producing Party or destroy
5 such material. As used in this subdivision, “all Protected Material” includes all
6 copies, abstracts, compilations, summaries, and any other format reproducing or
7 capturing any of the Protected Material. Whether the Protected Material is returned
8 or destroyed, the Receiving Party must submit a written certification to the
9 Producing Party (and, if not the same person or entity, to the Designating Party) by
10 the 60 day deadline that (1) identifies (by category, where appropriate) all the
11 Protected Material that was returned or destroyed; and (2) affirms that the Receiving
12 Party has not retained any copies, abstracts, compilations, summaries, or any other
13 format reproducing or capturing any of the Protected Material. Notwithstanding this
14 provision, Counsel are entitled to retain an archival copy of all pleadings, motion
15 papers, trial, deposition, and hearing transcripts, legal memoranda, correspondence,
16 deposition and trial exhibits, expert reports, attorney work product, and consultant
17 and expert work product, even if such materials contain Protected Material. Any
18 such archival copies that contain or constitute Protected Material remain subject to
19 this Protective Order as set forth in Section 4 (DURATION).
20
21 14. Any violation of this Order may be punished by any and all appropriate
22 measures including, without limitation, contempt proceedings and/or
23 monetary sanctions.
24 / /
25 / /
26 / /
27 / /
28 / /
4860-0726-7103.1 13
Case 2:21-cv-09850-DSF-SK Document 19 Filed 05/12/22 Page 14o0f15 Page ID #:362

|] IT IS SOSTIPULATED, THROUGH COUNSEL OF RECORD.
3] DATED _§ fx +2
4 teiiBvvict#e ,
;
6 Attorneys for Plaintiff
8! DATED: 9 //t/ 7
9 \,
10 X\
11| Attorneys f Me, dant
12 “
13| FOR GOOD CAUSE SHOWN, IT IS SO ORDERED.
14 .
15 | DATED: __ May 12, 2022
16
17 —Sheer
ig | Honorable Steve Kim
‘6 United States Magistrate Judge
20
21
22
23
24
25

26
27
28
4860-0726-7103.1 14

Case 2:21-cv-09850-DSF-SK Document 19 Filed 05/12/22 Page 15 of 15 Page ID #:363

1 EXHIBIT A
2 ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND AGREEMENT TO BE BOUND
3
4 I, _____________________________ [print or type full name], of
5 _________________ [print or type full address], declare under penalty of perjury
6 that I have read in its entirety and understand the Stipulated Protective Order that
7 was issued by the United States District Court for the Central District of California
8 on [date] in the case of James Vernon Lincoln v. Costco Wholesale Corporation,
9 et al., Case No. 2:21-cv-09850 DSF (SKx). I agree to comply with and to be bound
10 by all the terms of this Stipulated Protective Order, and I understand and
11 acknowledge that failure to so comply could expose me to sanctions and punishment
12 in the nature of contempt. I solemnly promise that I will not disclose in any manner
13 any information or item that is subject to this Stipulated Protective Order to any
14 person or entity except in strict compliance with the provisions of this Order.
15 I further agree to submit to the jurisdiction of the United States District Court
16 for the Central District of California for the purpose of enforcing the terms of this
17 Stipulated Protective Order, even if such enforcement proceedings occur after
18 termination of this action. I hereby appoint __________________________ [print
19 or type full name] of _______________________________________ [print or type
20 full address and telephone number] as my California agent for service of process in
21 connection with this action or any proceedings related to enforcement of this
22 Stipulated Protective Order.
23 Date: ______________________________________
24 City and State where sworn and signed: _________________________________
25
26 Printed name: _______________________________
27
28 Signature: __________________________________
4860-0726-7103.1 15

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/9979973. Public record. Not legal advice.