# Hickman v. Winston County Hosp. Bd.

> Supreme Court of Alabama · May 22, 1987 · 508 So. 2d 237

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/9936144

## Case

- **Full name:** Linda Hickman v. Winston County Hospital Board, a Corporation
- **Court:** Supreme Court of Alabama
- **Decided:** May 22, 1987
- **Citations:** 508 So. 2d 237; 72 A.L.R. 4th 481; 1987 Ala. LEXIS 4296
- **Precedential status:** Published
- **Opinion:** Concurrence by Adams
- **Judges:** Adams, Beatty, Torbert
- **Cited by:** 37 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

## Citator (automated)

- No negative treatment found by the automated citator. That is not the same as a confirmation that the case is good law; read the citing cases.
- Full citator and citing cases: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/9936144

## How later opinions describe it (automated extraction)

- holding that, unless acting outside the scope of their employment and with actual malice, the officers of a corporation cannot be held liable for tortious 4 interferences with contracts to which the corporation is a party
- holding that officers or employees of a plaintiffs former employer may be individually liable for intentional interference if they “were acting outside their scope of employment and were acting with actual malice”

## Opinion text

I agree with the result reached by the Court in acknowledging the existence of the tort of interference with contractual relations where a third person interferes with a contract between employer and employee. However, this opinion should not be interpreted as expanding or limiting our previous decisions in Gross v. Lowder Realty Better Homes Gardens , 494 So.2d 590 (Ala. 1986), and Lowder Realty, Inc. v. Odum , 495 So.2d 23 (Ala. 1986), which enumerated the elements required to establish a prima facie case of interference with contractual or business relations. In interpreting the impact of the newly defined tort in the employee-employer context, we do require that the plaintiff show malice, whereas in the ordinary case only intentional conduct is required. Furthermore, in order to show malice the plaintiff must make a strong showing of a pattern of interference. This is more than an isolated incident of the officer or employee's acting outside his scope of employment. To establish a prima facie case of this kind, the plaintiff must meet the four requirements enumerated in the Lowder Realty , cases, supra , and must show that the defendants acted outside their scope of employment and did so maliciously.
Finally, if the plaintiff prevails, the judgment is against the officers and employees individually, inasmuch as they must have acted outside the scope of their employment. The facts herein simply do not establish the tort of interference with contractual relations. Therefore, the trial judge properly directed a verdict for the defendants.
SHORES, J., concurs.

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/9936144. Public record. Not legal advice.