# United States v. Caro

> Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · May 8, 2001 · 248 F.3d 1240

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/9437158

## Case

- **Full name:** UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Efrain CARO, Defendant-Appellant
- **Court:** Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
- **Decided:** May 8, 2001
- **Citations:** 248 F.3d 1240; 2001 Colo. J. C.A.R. 2290; 2001 U.S. App. LEXIS 8540; 2001 WL 491117
- **Precedential status:** Published
- **Opinion:** Concurrence by Lucero
- **Judges:** Seymour, Henry, Lucero
- **Cited by:** 70 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

## Citator (automated)

- No negative treatment found by the automated citator. That is not the same as a confirmation that the case is good law; read the citing cases.
- Full citator and citing cases: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/9437158

## How later opinions describe it (automated extraction)

- holding that an officer may not extend the scope of a detention where the VIN is readable from the outside of a vehicle, the “VIN matches the VIN listed on the registration, and there are no signs the plate has been tampered with ”
- observing that officer’s determination that car color differed from the registration-reported color, coupled with defendant’s inability to recall car owner’s last name, “suggest[ed] that [the officer] should have taken all appropriate steps to ascertain the legal status of the…
- holding an officer could not ask for consent to search a car’s passenger compartment for an additional VIN when the VIN on the dashboard was visible from outside the car
- holding there was no justification to search for an additional VIN inside the vehicle when the dashboard VIN matched the vehicle registration
- applying a narrow interpretation of the holding in Class, supra

## Opinion text

LUCERO, Circuit Judge,
concurring.
I respectfully concur in the panel opinion but write separately to comment on one aspect of this case. The cluster of facts that Trooper Avery described at the time of the unchallenged stop — an out-of-state car painted a color different than that noted on its registration, with dark tinted windows in violation of the registrant state’s statutes, and whose nervous driver could not come up with his friend’s, the owner’s, last name — may have created reasonable suspicion warranting continued detention. Under our holding in Soto, 988 F.2d at 1556, further questioning and, depending on the nature of appellant’s responses, a search of the vehicle based on suspicion of drug trafficking may have been a permissible course of action.
In expressly denying suspicion of drug activity as a motive and premising his entry into the passenger compartment on a search for a VIN on the doorjamb, when in fact he had already verified that the dashboard VIN matched the car’s registration, Trooper Avery himself negated the foregoing potential reasonable suspicion as a permissible basis for the vehicle search and ran afoul of established Supreme Court jurisprudence. See Appellant’s App. at 90, 111 (“I then asked him if I could check the *1249 VIN number on the door to see if it would coincide with the registration.... At that point I hadn’t determined whether the VIN number was the same on the registration as the vehicle itself.”). As the panel opinion correctly decides, the Supreme Court’s decision in Class, 475 U.S. at 119, 106 S.Ct. 960 , and our holding in Miller, 84 F.3d at 1251, dictate the result reached today.

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/9437158. Public record. Not legal advice.