# Pharr v. Worley > Court of Appeals of North Carolina · January 7, 1997 · 125 N.C. App. 136 URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/1374276 ## Case - **Full name:** ROBERT L. PHARR, Plaintiff v. STEVEN W. WORLEY, and THE CHARLOTTE MECKLENBURG BOARD OF EDUCATION, Defendants - **Court:** Court of Appeals of North Carolina - **Decided:** January 7, 1997 - **Citations:** 125 N.C. App. 136; 479 S.E.2d 32; 1997 N.C. App. LEXIS 3 - **Precedential status:** Published - **Opinion:** Opinion by Smith - **Judges:** Smith, Eagles, Martin, John - **Cited by:** 20 later opinions in the Frix Law Library ## Citator (automated) - No negative treatment found by the automated citator. That is not the same as a confirmation that the case is good law; read the citing cases. - Full citator and citing cases: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/1374276 ## How later opinions describe it (automated extraction) - concluding that, where the appellant failed to include relevant portions of the transcript on appeal, the Court would not engage in speculation as to potential error by the trial court - concluding that, where the record on appeal did not include relevant portions of the transcript, the Court would not engage in speculation as to potential error by the trial court - concluding that the appellant failed to include relevant portions of the transcript and therefore, this Court would not speculate as to error by the trial court ## Opinion text SMITH, Judge. This case involves injuries arising out of an automobile accident between plaintiff and Steven W. Worley (Worley), a security officer for the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (the Board). Plaintiffs suit against both Worley and his employer, the Board, proceeded under the supposition that the Board had waived its governmental immunity by purchasing liability insurance under the aegis of a “local government risk pool.” At trial, defendants moved for a directed verdict at the close of plaintiffs evidence, arguing the Board had not participated in a “risk pool,” and, therefore, had not waived its governmental immunity by the purchase of insurance. A directed verdict is properly granted where it appears, as a matter of law, that the nonmoving party cannot recover upon any view of the facts which the evidence reasonably tends to establish. Sheppard v. Zep Manufacturing Co., 114 N.C. App. 25, 30 , 441 S.E.2d 161, 164 (1994). Under this standard, this Court must determine whether plaintiffs evidence, when considered in the light most favorable to plaintiff, was legally sufficient to withstand defendants’ motion for a directed verdict as to plaintiffs claims. See Sheppard, 114 N.C. App. at 30 , 441 S.E.2d at 164 . On appeal, plaintiff first argues that defendant Worley was engaged in a proprietary, rather than governmental function in his capacity as a patrol officer with the Board’s security department. “Traditionally, a county [agency has been held] immune from torts committed by an employee carrying out a governmental function, but [the agency may still be held] liable for torts committed while [its employee is] engaged in a proprietary function.” Hare v. Butler, 99 N.C. App. 693, 698 , 394 S.E.2d 231, 235 , disc. review denied, 327 N.C. 634 , 399 S.E.2d 121 (1990). We have carefully reviewed the record. Having done so, we are unable to consider plaintiff’s governmental/proprietary function argu *138 ments because plaintiff did not raise such issues in the court below. N.C.R. App. 10(b)(1) (1997); Northwestern Financial Group, Inc. v. County of Gaston, 110 N.C. App. 531 , 430 S.E.2d 689, 691 , disc. review denied, 334 N.C. 621 , 435 S.E.2d 337 (1993). We are bound by our case law and appellate rules, and accordingly, we dismiss plaintiffs governmental/proprietary function argument. Next, we address plaintiffs claim that the Board is a participant in a “local government risk pool,” and has thereby waived governmental immunity. The question of whether the risk management agreement (agreement) between the City of Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, and the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education constitutes a risk pool was recently settled by our Supreme Court in Lyles v. City of Charlotte, 344 N.C. 676 , 477 S.E.2d 150 (1996). The Lyles Court concluded that “there must be more risk-sharing than is contained in the [instant] agreement in order to create a local government risk pool.” Id., slip op. at 5. Furthermore, the Lyles Court held that “[t]he Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education could not join a risk pool pursuant to [ N.C. Gen. Stat. § 58-23-1 (1994)].” Id., slip op. at 5 (emphasis added). Since the instant case involves the same risk management plan at issue in Lyles , we must conclude that the instant Board is not and could not be, a risk pool participant, and has not waived its immunity. Accordingly, the trial court’s directed verdict for defendant Board was not error. The final question is whether plaintiffs suit against defendant Worley should have been allowed to proceed despite the Board’s governmental and official immunity defenses. Our courts have frequently stated that [a]n employee of a governmental agency ... is personally liable for his negligence in the performance of his duties proximately causing injury to the property [or person] of another even though his employer is clothed with immunity and not liable on the principle of respondeat superior. Givens v. Sellars, 273 N.C. 44, 49 , 159 S.E.2d 530, 534-35 (1968) (cited to and quoted in part by Harwood v. Johnson, 92 N.C. App. 306, 309-10 , 374 S.E.2d 401, 405 (1988). An officer, on the other hand, is entitled to share in the immunity of the sovereign, Harwood, 92 N.C. App. at 310-11 , 374 S.E.2d at 405 , and to assert the separate defense of official immunity where applicable. See Epps v. Duke University, 122 N.C. App. 198 ; 203, 468 S.E.2d 846, 850 (“Official immunity is a *139 derivative form of sovereign immunity.” (emphasis added)), disc. review denied, 344 N.C. 436 , 476 S.E.2d 115 (1996). Determining whether a governmental worker is an employee or an official is often a difficult distinction to draw. See Hare, 99 N.C. App. at 698 , 394 S.E.2d at 236 . In the instant appeal, we are unable to determine whether defendant Worley’s duties and responsibilities were such that he is entitled to either official immunity or to share in the Board’s sovereign immunity. Plaintiff has included only twenty-eight pages of transcript from the proceedings below in the record, none of which speak to these particular issues. In the portion of the transcript provided, plaintiff’s arguments are directed solely at whether the Board waived its immunity by purchasing liability insurance or by participating in a local government risk pool. It is appellant’s duty and responsibility to see that the record is in proper form and complete. N.C.R. App. P. 9(a)(1)(e) and 9(a)(1)® (1997); and see State v. Atkinson, 275 N.C. 288 , 167 S.E.2d 241 (1969), death sentence vacated sub. nom., Atkinson v. North Carolina, 403 U.S. 948 , 29 L. Ed. 2d 859 (1971). From the record before us, we cannot, without engaging in speculation, determine defendant Worley’s status as an employee or officer. “An appellate court is not required to, and should not, assume error by the trial judge when none appears on the record before the appellate court.” State v. Williams, 274 N.C. 328, 333 , 163 S.E.2d 353, 357 (1968). Thus, we affirm the trial court’s directed verdict for defendant Worley as well. In summary, we affirm the directed verdict of the court below as to all defendants for the reasons stated herein. Affirmed. Judges EAGLES and MARTIN, John C., concur. --- Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/1374276. Public record. Not legal advice.