# Opinion

> District Court, C.D. California · February 27, 2026

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11368372

## Case

- **Full name:** Brejeik Barrow v. City of Inglewood; Officer Gleb Shein; Officer Elias Alvarez; Officer Peter Lopresti
- **Court:** District Court, C.D. California
- **Decided:** February 27, 2026
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

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## Opinion text

1 OLIVAREZ MADRUGA LAW ORGANIZATION, LLP
Thomas M. Madruga – SBN 160421
2
tmadruga@omlolaw.com
3 Carolina Velazquez – SBN 360857
cvelazquez@omlolaw.com
4 500 South Grand Avenue – 12th Floor
Los Angeles, CA 90071
5
Tel: (213) 744-0099
6 Fax: (213) 744-0093
7 Attorneys for Defendants,
CITY OF INGLEWOOD;
8 OFFICER GLEB SHEIN;
OFFICER ELIAS ALVAREZ;
9 OFFICER PETER LOPRESTI
10
11 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
12 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
13 WESTERN DIVISION
14 BREJIEK BARROW, Case No.: 2:25-cv-08058-AH-AJR
15
Plaintiff,
16
vs.
17
CITY OF INGLEWOOD; [PROPOSED] STIPULATED PROTECTIVE
18 OFFICER GLEB SHEIN (#1072); ORDER
OFFICER ELAIS ALVAREZ (#914);
19
OFFICER PETER LOPRESTI (#913);
20 and DOES 1 through 10, inclusive,
21 Defendants,
22
23
Complaint Filed: August 26, 2025
24 Trial Date: March 16, 2027
25
26
27
28
1 I. PURPOSE AND LIMITATIONS
2 Discovery in this action is likely to involve production of confidential or private
3 information for which special protection from public disclosure and from use for any
4 purpose other than prosecuting this action may be warranted. Accordingly, the parties
5 hereby stipulate to and petition the Court to enter the following [Proposed] Stipulated
6 Protective Order (hereafter “this Order”). The parties acknowledge that this Order does
7 not confer blanket protections on all disclosures or responses to discovery; and that the
8 protection it affords from public disclosure and use extends only to the limited
9 information or items that are entitled to confidential treatment under the applicable legal
10 principles.
11 II. GOOD CAUSE STATEMENT
12 This action is likely to involve confidential information pertaining to personnel
13 records and other materials subject to privacy protections for which special protection
14 from public disclosure and from use for any purpose other than prosecution of this
15 action is warranted. Limiting disclosure of these documents to the context of this
16 litigation as provided herein will, accordingly, further important law enforcement
17 objectives and interests, including the safety of personnel and the public, as well as the
18 privacy rights of plaintiffs, the individual defendants, and third party witnesses.
19 Such confidential materials and information consists of, among other things,
20 materials entitled to privileges and/or protections under the following: the United States
21 Constitution, First Amendment; the California Constitution, Article I, Section 1;
22 California Penal Code §§ 832.5, 832.7, and 832.8; California Evidence Code §§ 1040
23 and 1043, et seq.; the Privacy Act of 1974, 5 U.S.C. § 552a; Health Insurance
24 Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), Public Law 104-191, decisional
25 law relating to such provisions; and information otherwise generally unavailable to the
26 public; or which may be privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure under state
27 or federal statutes, court rules, case decisions, or common law. Defendants also
28
1 contend that such confidential materials and information consists of materials entitled to
2 the Official Information Privilege.
3 Confidential Information with respect to the Defendants may include but is not
4 limited to: personnel files; internal investigative files and documents; issues regarding
5 the Police Office Bill of Rights (Government Code sections 3300-3312); private police
6 officer personnel records, Information protected under Pitches v. Superior Court 11
7 Cal. 3d, 531 (1974); Brady v. Maryland 373 U.S. 83 (1963); email and written
8 correspondence records; and policies and procedures that are kept from the public in the
9 ordinary course of business including but not limited to addresses and telephone
10 numbers of third party witnesses; as well as other items subject to the Official
11 Information Privilege and other privileges.
12 Confidential Information with respect to the Plaintiffs may include but is not
13 limited to: email and written correspondence records; law enforcement records related
14 to Plaintiffs; and psychological and medical notes, evaluations, reports, records and
15 treatment plans.
16 The parties reserve the right to challenge a designation of confidentiality pursuant
17 to the terms set forth under Paragraph 8 of this Order.
18 Accordingly, to expedite the flow of information; to facilitate the prompt
19 resolution of disputes over confidentiality of discovery materials; to adequately protect
20 information the parties are entitled to keep confidential; to ensure that the parties are
21 permitted to reasonably use such material in preparation for and in conduct of trial; to
22 address their handling at the end of the litigation; and serve the ends of justice, a
23 protective order for such information is justified in this matter. It is the intent of the
24 parties that information will not be designated as confidential for tactical reasons and
25 that nothing be so designated without a good faith belief that it has been maintained in a
26 confidential, non-public manner; and there is good cause why it should not be part of
27 the public record of this case.
28
1 III. ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF PROCEDURE FOR FILING UNDER SEAL
2 The parties further acknowledge, as set forth in Section 14.3, below, that this
3 Order does not entitle them to file confidential information under seal; Local Civil Rule
4 79-5 sets forth the procedures that must be followed and the standards that will be
5 applied when a party seeks permission from the court to file material under seal.
6 There is a strong presumption that the public has a right of access to judicial
7 proceedings and records in civil cases. In connection with non-dispositive motions,
8 good cause must be shown to support a filing under seal. Kamakana v. City and County
9 of Honolulu, 447 F.3d 1172, 1176 (9th Cir. 2006); Phillips v. Gen. Motors Corp., 307
10 F.3d 1206, 1210-11 (9th Cir. 2002); Makar-Welbon v. Sony Electrics, Inc., 187 F.R.D.
11 576, 577 (E.D. Wis. 1999) (even stipulated protective orders require good cause
12 showing, and a specific showing of good cause or compelling reasons with proper
13 evidentiary support and legal justification, must be made with respect to material that a
14 party seeks to file under seal). The parties’ mere designation of material as
15 “CONFIDENTIAL” does not— without the submission of competent evidence by
16 declaration, establishing that the material sought to be filed under seal qualifies as
17 confidential, privileged, or otherwise protectable—constitute good cause. Further, if a
18 party requests sealing related to a dispositive motion or trial, then compelling reasons,
19 not only good cause, for the sealing must be shown, and the relief sought shall be
20 narrowly tailored to serve the specific interest to be protected. See Pintos v. Pacific
21 Creditors Ass’n, 605 F.3d 665, 677-79 (9th Cir. 2010).
22 Any document that is not confidential, privileged, or otherwise protectable in its
23 entirety will not be filed under seal if the confidential portions can be redacted. If
24 documents can be redacted, then a redacted version for public viewing, omitting only
25 the confidential, privileged, or otherwise protectable portions of the document, shall be
26 filed. Any application that seeks to file documents under seal in their entirety should
27 include an explanation of why redaction is not feasible.
28
1 IV. DEFINITIONS
2 4.1 Action: Brejiek Barrow vs. City of Inglewood, Officer Gleb Shein; Officer
3 Elais Alvarez; Officer Peter Lopresti, Case No. 2:25-cv-08058-AH-AJR.
4 4.2 Challenging Party: a Party or Non-Party that challenges the designation of
5 information or items under this Order.
6 4.3 “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items: Information (regardless of the
7 medium or manner in which it is generated, stored, or maintained) or tangible things
8 that qualify for protection under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(c), and as specified
9 above in the Good Cause Statement.
10 4.4 Counsel: General Counsel of Record and House Counsel (as well as their
11 support staff).
12 4.5 Designating Party: a Party or Non-Party that designated information or
13 items that it produces in disclosures or in responses to discovery as
14 “CONFIDENTIAL.”
15 4.6 Disclosure or Discovery Material: all items or information, regardless of
16 the medium or manner in which it is generated, stored, or maintained (including, among
17 other things, testimony, transcripts, and tangible things), that are produced or generated
18 in disclosures or responses to discovery in this matter.
19 4.7 Expert: a person with specialized knowledge or experience in a matter
20 pertinent to the litigation who has been retained by a Party or its counsel to serve as an
21 expert witness or as a consultant in this Action.
22 4.8 House Counsel: attorneys who are employees of a party to this Action.
23 House Counsel does not include General Counsel of Record or any other outside
24 Counsel.
25 4.9 Non-Party: any natural person, partnership, corporation, association or
26 other legal entity not named as a Party to this action.
27 4.10 General Counsel of Record: attorneys who are not employees of a Party to
28 this Action but are retained to represent or advise a Party to this Action and have
1 appeared in this Action on behalf of that party or are affiliated with a law firm that has
2 appeared on behalf of that Party, as well as their support staff.
3 4.11 Party: any Party to this Action, including all of its officers, directors,
4 employees, consultants, retained experts, and General Counsel of Record (and their
5 support staffs).
6 4.12 Producing Party: a Party or Non-Party that makes a Disclosure or produces
7 Discovery Material in this Action.
8 4.13 Professional Vendors: persons or entities that provide litigation support
9 services (e.g., photocopying, videotaping, translating, preparing exhibits or
10 demonstrations, and organizing, storing, or retrieving data in any form or medium) and
11 their employees and subcontractors.
12 4.14 Protected Material: any Disclosure or Discovery Material that is
13 designated as “CONFIDENTIAL.”
14 4.15 Receiving Party: a Party that receives a Disclosure or Discovery Material
15 from a Producing Party.
16 V. SCOPE
17 The protections conferred by this Stipulation and Order cover not only Protected
18 Material (as defined above), but also (1) any information copied or extracted from
19 Protected Material; (2) all copies, excerpts, summaries, or compilations of Protected
20 Material; and (3) any testimony, conversations, or presentations by Parties or their
21 Counsel (as defined by Sections 4.8 and 4.10) that might reveal Protected Material.
22 Any use of Protected Material at trial shall be governed by the orders of the trial
23 judge. This Order does not govern the use of Protected Material at trial.
24 VI. DURATION
25 Once a case proceeds to trial, information that was designated as
26 CONFIDENTIAL or maintained pursuant to this protective order used or introduced as
27 an exhibit at trial becomes public and will be presumptively available to all members of
28 the public, including the press, unless compelling reasons supported by specific factual
1 findings to proceed otherwise are made to the trial judge in advance of the trial. See
2 Kamakana, 447 F.3d at 1180-81 (distinguishing “good cause” showing for sealing
3 documents produced in discovery from “compelling reasons” standard when merits-
4 related documents are part of court record). Accordingly, the terms of this protective
5 order do not extend beyond the commencement of the trial.
6 VII. DESIGNATING PROTECTED MATERIAL
7 7.1 Exercise of Restraint and Care in Designating Material for Protection.
8 Each Party or Non-Party that designates information or items for protection under this
9 Order must take care to limit any such designation to specific material that qualifies
10 under the appropriate standards. The Designating Party must designate for protection
11 only those parts of material, documents, items or oral or written communications that
12 qualify so that other portions of the material, documents, items or communications for
13 which protection is not warranted are not swept unjustifiably within the ambit of this
14 Order.
15 Mass, indiscriminate, or routinized designations are prohibited. Designations
16 that are shown to be clearly unjustified or that have been made for an improper purpose
17 (e.g., to unnecessarily encumber the case development process or to impose
18 unnecessary expenses and burdens on other parties) may expose the Designating Party
19 to sanctions.
20 If it comes to a Designating Party’s attention that information or items that it
21 designated for protection do not qualify for protection, that Designating Party must
22 promptly notify all other Parties that it is withdrawing the inapplicable designation.
23 7.2 Manner and Timing of Designations. Except as otherwise provided in this
24 Order (see, e.g., second paragraph of section 7.2(a) below), or as otherwise stipulated or
25 ordered, Disclosure or Discovery Material that qualifies for protection under this Order
26 must be clearly so designated before the material is disclosed or produced.
27 Designation in conformity with this Order requires:
28
1 (a) for information in documentary form (e.g., paper or electronic documents,
2 but excluding transcripts of depositions or other pretrial or trial proceedings), that the
3 Producing Party affix at a minimum, the legend “CONFIDENTIAL” (hereinafter
4 “CONFIDENTIAL legend”), to each page that contains protected material. If only a
5 portion of the material on a page qualifies for protection, the Producing Party also must
6 clearly identify the protected portion(s) (e.g., by making appropriate markings in the
7 margins).
8 A Party or Non-Party that makes original documents available for inspection
9 need not designate them for protection until after the inspecting Party has indicated
10 which documents it would like copied and produced. During the inspection and before
11 the designation, all of the materials made available for inspection shall be deemed
12 “CONFIDENTIAL.” After the inspecting Party has identified the documents it wants
13 copied and produced, the Producing Party must determine which documents, or
14 portions thereof, qualify for protection under this Order. Then, before producing the
15 specified documents, the Producing Party must affix the “CONFIDENTIAL legend” to
16 each page that contains Protected Material. If only a portion of the material on a page
17 qualifies for protection, the Producing Party also must clearly identify the protected
18 portion(s) (e.g., by making appropriate markings in the margins).
19 (b) for testimony given in depositions that the Designating Party identifies the
20 Disclosure or Discovery Material on the record, and before the close of the deposition
21 all protected testimony.
22 (c) for information produced in some form other than documentary and for
23 any other tangible items, that the Producing Party affix in a prominent place on the
24 exterior of the container or containers in which the information is stored the legend
25 “CONFIDENTIAL.” If only a portion or portions of the information warrants
26 protection, the Producing Party, to the extent practicable, shall identify the protected
27 portion(s).
28
1 7.3 Inadvertent Failures to Designate. If timely corrected, an inadvertent
2 failure to designate qualified information or items does not, standing alone, waive the
3 Designating Party’s right to secure protection under this Order for such material. Upon
4 timely correction of a designation, the Receiving Party must make reasonable
5 efforts to assure that the material is treated in accordance with the provisions of this
6 Order.
7 VIII. CHALLENGING CONFIDENTIALITY DESIGNATIONS
8 8.1 Timing of Challenges. Any Party or Non-Party may challenge a
9 designation of confidentiality at any time that is consistent with the Court’s Scheduling
10 Order.
11 8.2 Meet and Confer. The Challenging Party shall initiate the meet and confer
12 process outlined in Local Rule 37.1, et seq.
13 8.3 The burden of persuasion, in any such challenge proceeding, shall be on
14 the Designating Party. Frivolous challenges, and those made for an improper purpose
15 (e.g., to harass or impose unnecessary expenses and burdens on other parties) may
16 expose the Challenging Party to sanctions. Unless the Designating Party has waived or
17 withdrawn the confidentiality designation, all parties shall continue to afford the
18 material in question the level of protection to which it is entitled under the Producing
19 Party’s designation until the Court rules on the challenge.
20 IX. ACCESS TO AND USE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL
21 9.1 Basic Principles. A Receiving Party may use Protected Material that is
22 disclosed or produced by another Party or by a Non-Party in connection with this
23 Action only for prosecuting, defending or attempting to settle this Action. Such
24 Protected Material may be disclosed only to the categories of persons and under the
25 conditions described in this Order. When the Action has been terminated, a Receiving
26 Party must comply with the provisions of Section VI, infra.
27
28
1 Protected Material must be stored and maintained by a Receiving Party at a
2 location and in a secure manner that ensures that access is limited to the persons
3 authorized under this Order.
4 9.2 Disclosure of “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items. Unless otherwise
5 ordered by the Court or permitted in writing by the Designating Party, a Receiving
6 Party may disclose any information or item designated “CONFIDENTIAL” only to:
7 (a) the Receiving Party’s General Counsel of Record in this Action, as well as
8 employees of said General Counsel of Record to whom it is reasonably necessary to
9 disclose the information for this Action;
10 (b) the officers, directors, and employees (including House Counsel) of the
11 Receiving Party to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action;
12 (c) Experts (as defined in this Order) of the Receiving Party to whom
13 disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action and who have signed the
14 “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound,” attached and hereafter referred to as
15 “Exhibit A.”
16 d)t the Court and its personnel;
17 (e) court reporters and their staff;
18 (f) professional jury or trial consultants, mock jurors, and Professional
19 Vendors to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action and who have
20 signed Exhibit A.
21 (g) the author or recipient of a document containing the information or a
22 custodian or other person who otherwise possessed or knew the information;
23 (h) during their depositions, witnesses, and attorneys for witnesses, in the
24 Action to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary provided: (1) the deposing party
25 requests that the witness sign Exhibit A; and (2) they will not be permitted to keep any
26 confidential information unless they sign Exhibit A, unless otherwise agreed by the
27 Designating Party or ordered by the Court. Pages of transcribed deposition testimony
28 or exhibits to depositions that reveal Protected Material may be separately bound by the
1 court reporter and may not be disclosed to anyone except as permitted under this Order;
2 and
3 (i) any mediator or settlement officer, and their supporting personnel,
4 mutually agreed upon by any of the parties engaged in settlement discussions.
5 X. PROTECTED MATERIAL SUBPOENAED OR ORDERED PRODUCED
6 IN OTHER LITIGATION
7 If a Party is served with a subpoena or a court order issued in other litigation that
8 compels disclosure of any information or items designated in this Action as
9 “CONFIDENTIAL,” that Party must:
10 (a) promptly notify in writing the Designating Party. Such notification shall
11 include a copy of the subpoena or court order;
12 (b) promptly notify in writing the party who caused the subpoena or order to
13 issue in the other litigation that some or all of the material covered by the subpoena or
14 order is subject to this Order. Such notification shall include a copy of this Order; and
15 (c) cooperate with respect to all reasonable procedures sought to be pursued
16 by the Designating Party whose Protected Material may be affected.
17 If the Designating Party timely seeks a protective order, the Party served with the
18 subpoena or court order shall not produce any information designated in this action as
19 “CONFIDENTIAL” before a determination by the Court from which the subpoena or
20 order issued, unless the Party has obtained the Designating Party’s permission. The
21 Designating Party shall bear the burden and expense of seeking protection in that court
22 of its confidential material and nothing in these provisions should be construed as
23 authorizing or encouraging a Receiving Party in this Action to disobey a lawful
24 directive from another court.
25 XI. A NON-PARTY’S PROTECTED MATERIAL SOUGHT TO BE
26 PRODUCED IN THIS LITIGATION
27 (a) The terms of this Order are applicable to information produced by a Non-
28 Party in this Action and designated as “CONFIDENTIAL.” Such information produced
1 by Non-Parties in connection with this litigation is protected by the remedies and relief
2 provided by this Order. Nothing in these provisions should be construed as prohibiting
3 a Non-Party from seeking additional protections.
4 (b) In the event that a Party is required, by a valid discovery request, to
5 produce a Non-Party’s confidential information in its possession, and the Party is
6 subject to an agreement with the Non-Party not to produce the Non-Party’s confidential
7 information, then the Party shall:
8 (1) promptly notify in writing the Requesting Party and the Non-Party
9 that some or all of the information requested is subject to a confidentiality agreement
10 with a Non-Party;
11 (2) promptly provide the Non-Party with a copy of this Order in this
12 Action, the relevant discovery request(s), and a reasonably specific description of the
13 information requested; and
14 (3) make the information requested available for inspection by the Non-
15 Party, if requested.
16 (c) If the Non-Party fails to seek a protective order from this Court within
17 fourteen (14) days of receiving the notice and accompanying information, the Receiving
18 Party may produce the Non-Party’s confidential information responsive to the discovery
19 request. If the Non-Party timely seeks a protective order, the Receiving Party shall not
20 produce any information in its possession or control that is subject to the confidentiality
21 agreement with the Non-Party before a determination by the Court. Absent a Court
22 order to the contrary, the Non-Party shall bear the burden and expense of seeking
23 protection in this Court of its Protected Material.
24 XII. UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL
25 If a Receiving Party learns that, by inadvertence or otherwise, it has disclosed
26 Protected Material to any person or in any circumstance not authorized under this
27 Order, the Receiving Party must immediately (a) notify in writing the Designating Party
28 of the unauthorized disclosures; (b) use its best efforts to retrieve all unauthorized
1 copies of the Protected Material; (c) inform the person or persons to whom
2 unauthorized disclosures were made of all the terms of this Order; and (d) request such
3 person or persons to execute Exhibit A.
4 XIII. INADVERTENT PRODUCTION OF PRIVILEGED OR OTHERWISE
5 PROTECTED MATERIAL
6 When a Producing Party gives notice to Receiving Parties that certain
7 inadvertently produced material is subject to a claim of privilege or other protection, the
8 obligations of the Receiving Parties are those set forth in Federal Rules of Civil
9 Procedure 26(b)(5)(B). This provision is not intended to modify whatever procedure
10 may be established in an e-discovery order that provides for production without prior
11 privilege review. Pursuant to Federal Rules of Evidence 502(d) and (e), insofar as the
12 Parties reach an agreement on the effect of disclosure of a communication or
13 information covered by the attorney-client privilege or work product protection, the
14 Parties may incorporate their agreement in a subsequent stipulation to the Court.
15 XIV. MISCELLANEOUS
16 14.1 Right to Further Relief. Nothing in this Order abridges the right of any
17 person to seek its modification by the Court in the future.
18 14.2 Right to Assert Other Objections. By stipulating to the entry of this Order,
19 no Party waives any right it otherwise would have to object to disclosing or producing
20 any information or item on any ground not addressed in this Order. Similarly, no Party
21 waives any right to object on any ground to use in evidence of any of the material
22 covered by this Order.
23 14.3 Filing Protected Material. A Party that seeks to file under seal any
24 Protected Material must comply with Local Civil Rule 79-5. Protected Material may
25 only be filed under seal pursuant to a court order authorizing the sealing of the specific
26 Protected Material at issue. If a Party’s request to file Protected Material under seal is
27 denied by the Court, then the Receiving Party may file the information in the public
28 record unless otherwise instructed by the Court.
1 XV. FINAL DISPOSITION
2 After the final disposition of this Action, as defined in Section VI, supra, within
3 60 days of a written request by the Designating Party, each Receiving Party must return
4 all Protected Material to the Producing Party or destroy such material, except those
5 documents required to be maintained as part of the General . As used in this
6 subdivision, “all Protected Material” includes all copies, abstracts, compilations,
7 summaries, and any other format reproducing or capturing any of the Protected
8 Material. Whether the Protected Material is returned or destroyed, the Receiving Party
9 must submit a written certification to the Producing Party (and, if not the same person
10 or entity, to the Designating Party) by the 60 day deadline that (1) identifies (by
11 category, where appropriate) all the Protected Material that was returned or destroyed
12 and (2) affirms that the Receiving Party has not retained any copies, abstracts,
13 compilations, summaries or any other format reproducing or capturing any of the
14 Protected Material. Notwithstanding this provision, Counsel are entitled to retain an
15 archival copy of all pleadings, motion papers, trial, deposition, and hearing transcripts,
16 legal memoranda, correspondence, deposition and trial exhibits, expert reports, attorney
17 work product, and consultant and expert work product, even if such materials contain
18 Protected Material. Any such archival copies that contain or constitute Protected
19 Material remain subject to this Order as set forth in Section VI, supra.
20 XVI. VIOLATION
21 Any violation of this Order may be punished by appropriate measures including,
22 without limitation, contempt proceedings and/or monetary sanctions.
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! || Dated: February 26, 2026 OLIVAREZ MADRUGA LAW
2 ORGANIZATION, LLP
3 By:__/s/_ Carolina Velazquez
Carolina Velazquez
4 Attorneys for Defendants, CITY OF
5 INGLEWOOD; OFFICER GLEB SHEIN;
OFFICER ELIAS ALVAREZ;
6 OFFICER PETER LOPRESTI
7
PLC LAW GROUP, APC
By:__/s/ Na’Shaun L. Neal
9 Peter L. Carr
10 Na’Shaun L. Neal
Lauren K. McRae
11 Attorneys for Plaintiff, BREJIEK BARROW
12
3 FOR GOOD CAUSE SHOWN, IT IS SO ORDERED.
14 || DATED: February 27, 2026 Rett
HON. A. JOEL RICHLIN
15 United States Magistrate Judge
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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11368372. Public record. Not legal advice.