# Opinion

> District Court, C.D. California · February 19, 2026

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11365682

## Case

- **Full name:** Scott Johnson v. Delux Public Charter, LLC d/b/a JSX Air and Brittney Irizarry
- **Court:** District Court, C.D. California
- **Decided:** February 19, 2026
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

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## Opinion text

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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
10 SCOTT JOHNSON, an individual, Case No. 2:25-cv-02066-MEMF-JDEx
11
Plaintiff,
12
STIPULATED PROTECTIVE
13 v. ORDER

14
DELUX PUBLIC CHARTER, LLC
15 d/b/a JSX AIR, a Delaware limited
16 liability company and BRITTNEY
IRIZARRY, an individual; and DOES
17
1 through 20, inclusive,
18
Defendants.
19
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Based on the Parties’ Stipulation (Dkt. 14) and for good cause shown, the
21
Court finds and orders as follows.
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1. PURPOSES AND LIMITATIONS
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Discovery in this action is likely to involve production of confidential,
24
proprietary or private information for which special protection from public
25
disclosure and from use for any purpose other than pursuing this litigation may be
26
warranted. This Order does not confer blanket protections on all disclosures or
27
responses to discovery and the protection it affords from public disclosure and use
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1 extends only to the limited information or items that are entitled to confidential
2 treatment under the applicable legal principles.
3 2. GOOD CAUSE STATEMENT
4 This action is likely to involve sensitive personal information of the parties
5 and non-parties, corporate policies and procedures, and commercial, financial,
6
technical and/or proprietary information for which special protection from public
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disclosure and from use for any purpose other than prosecution of this action is
8
warranted. Such confidential and/or proprietary materials and information consist
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of, among other things: private information of third parties, the parties, their
10
representatives or employees, current or former, including but not limited to their
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Social Security number, date of birth, medical records and information, home
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address(es), telephone numbers, e-mail address(es), tax records, and other financial
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or sensitive personal information; information regarding internal corporate
14
policies, practices, procedures, and training; and information otherwise generally
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unavailable to the public, or which may be privileged or otherwise protected from
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disclosure under state or federal statutes, court rules, case decisions, or common
17
law. Accordingly, to expedite the flow of information, to facilitate the prompt
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resolution of disputes over confidentiality of discovery materials, to adequately
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protect information the parties are entitled to keep confidential, to ensure that the
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parties are permitted reasonable necessary uses of such material in preparation for
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22 and in the conduct of trial, to address their handling at the end of the litigation, and
23 serve the ends of justice, a protective order for such information is justified in this
24 matter. It is the intent of the parties that information will not be designated as
25 confidential for tactical reasons and that nothing be so designated without a good
26 faith belief that it has been maintained in a confidential, non-public manner, and
27 there is good cause why it should not be part of the public record of this case.
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2
1 3. ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF UNDER SEAL FILING PROCEDURE
2 As set forth in Section 14.3, below, this Stipulated Protective Order does not
3 entitle the Parties to file confidential information under seal; Local Civil Rule 79-5
4 sets forth the procedures that must be followed and the standards that will be
5 applied when a party seeks permission from the court to file material under seal.
6
There is a strong presumption that the public has a right of access to judicial
7
proceedings and records in civil cases. In connection with non-dispositive motions,
8
good cause must be shown to support a filing under seal. See Kamakana v. City
9
and County of Honolulu, 447 F.3d 1172, 1176 (9th Cir. 2006), Phillips v. Gen.
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Motors Corp., 307 F.3d 1206, 1210-11 (9th Cir. 2002), Makar-Welbon v. Sony
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Electrics, Inc., 187 F.R.D. 576, 577 (E.D. Wis. 1999) (even stipulated protective
12
orders require good cause showing), and a specific showing of good cause or
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compelling reasons with proper evidentiary support and legal justification, must be
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made with respect to Protected Material that a party seeks to file under seal. The
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parties’ mere designation of Disclosure or Discovery Material as
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CONFIDENTIAL does not— without the submission of competent evidence by
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declaration, establishing that the material sought to be filed under seal qualifies as
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confidential, privileged, or otherwise protectable—constitute good cause.
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Further, if a party requests sealing related to a dispositive motion or trial,
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then compelling reasons, not only good cause, for the sealing must be shown, and
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22 the relief sought shall be narrowly tailored to serve the specific interest to be
23 protected. See Pintos v. Pacific Creditors Ass’n., 605 F.3d 665, 677-79 (9th Cir.
24 2010). For each item or type of information, document, or thing sought to be filed
25 or introduced under seal, the party seeking protection must articulate compelling
26 reasons, supported by specific facts and legal justification, for the requested sealing
27 order. Again, competent evidence supporting the application to file documents
28 under seal must be provided by declaration.
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1 Any document that is not confidential, privileged, or otherwise protectable
2 in its entirety will not be filed under seal if the confidential portions can be
3 redacted. If documents can be redacted, then a redacted version for public viewing,
4 omitting only the confidential, privileged, or otherwise protectable portions of the
5 document, shall be filed. Any application that seeks to file documents under seal in
6
their entirety should include an explanation of why redaction is not feasible.
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4. DEFINITIONS
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4.1 Action: This pending federal lawsuit bearing case number 2:25-cv-
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02066-MEMF-JDEx.
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4.2 Challenging Party: a Party or Non-Party that challenges the
11
designation of information or items under this Order.
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4.3 “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items: information (regardless of
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how it is generated, stored or maintained) or tangible things that qualify for
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protection under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(c), and as specified above in
15
the Good Cause Statement.
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4.4 Counsel: Outside Counsel of Record and House Counsel (as well as
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their support staff).
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4.5 Designating Party: a Party or Non-Party that designates information or
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items that it produces in disclosures or in responses to discovery as
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“CONFIDENTIAL.”
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22 4.6 Disclosure or Discovery Material: all items or information, regardless
23 of the medium or manner in which it is generated, stored, or maintained (including,
24 among other things, testimony, transcripts, and tangible things), that are produced
25 or generated in disclosures or responses to discovery.
26 4.7 Expert: a person with specialized knowledge or experience in a matter
27 pertinent to the litigation who has been retained by a Party or its counsel to serve
28 as an expert witness or as a consultant in this Action.
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1 4.8 House Counsel: attorneys employed by a party to this Action. House
2 Counsel does not include Outside Counsel of Record or any other outside counsel.
3 4.9 Non-Party: any natural person, partnership, corporation, association or
4 other legal entity not named as a Party to this action.
5 4.10 Outside Counsel of Record: attorneys who are not employees of a
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party to this Action but are retained to represent a party to this Action and have
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appeared in this Action on behalf of that party or are affiliated with a law firm that
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has appeared on behalf of that party, and includes support staff.
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4.11 Party: any party to this Action, including all of its officers, directors,
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employees, consultants, retained experts, and Outside Counsel of Record (and their
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support staffs).
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4.12 Producing Party: a Party or Non-Party that produces Disclosure or
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Discovery Material in this Action.
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4.13 Professional Vendors: persons or entities that provide litigation
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support services (e.g., photocopying, videotaping, translating, preparing exhibits or
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demonstrations, and organizing, storing, or retrieving data in any form or medium)
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and their employees and subcontractors.
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4.14 Protected Material: any Disclosure or Discovery Material that is
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designated as “CONFIDENTIAL.”
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4.15 Receiving Party: a Party that receives Disclosure or Discovery
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22 Material from a Producing Party.
23 5. SCOPE
24 The protections conferred by this Stipulation and Order cover not only
25 Protected Material (as defined above), but also (1) any information copied or
26 extracted from Protected Material; (2) all copies, excerpts, summaries, or
27 compilations of Protected Material; and (3) any testimony, conversations, or
28 presentations by Parties or their Counsel that might reveal Protected Material.
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1 Any use of Protected Material at trial shall be governed by the orders of the
2 trial judge and other applicable authorities. This Order does not govern the use of
3 Protected Material at trial.
4 6. DURATION
5 Once a case proceeds to trial, information that was designated as
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CONFIDENTIAL or maintained pursuant to this protective order used or
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introduced as an exhibit at trial becomes public and will be presumptively
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available to all members of the public, including the press, unless compelling
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reasons supported by specific factual findings to proceed otherwise are made to the
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trial judge in advance of the trial. See Kamakana, 447 F.3d at 1180-81
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(distinguishing “good cause” showing for sealing documents produced in
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discovery from “compelling reasons” standard when merits-related documents are
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part of court record). Accordingly, the terms of this protective order do not extend
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beyond the commencement of the trial.
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7. DESIGNATING PROTECTED MATERIAL
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7.1 Exercise of Restraint and Care in Designating Material.
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Each Party or Non-Party that designates information or items for protection
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under this Order must take care to limit any such designation to specific material
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that qualifies under the appropriate standards. The Designating Party must
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designate for protection only those parts of material, documents, items or oral or
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22 written communications that qualify so that other portions of the material,
23 documents, items or communications for which protection is not warranted are not
24 swept unjustifiably within the ambit of this Order. Mass, indiscriminate or
25 routinized designations are prohibited. Designations that are shown to be clearly
26 unjustified or that have been made for an improper purpose (e.g., to unnecessarily
27 encumber the case development process or to impose unnecessary expenses and
28 burdens on other parties) may expose the Designating Party to sanctions.
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1 If it comes to a Designating Party’s attention that information or items that it
2 designated for protection do not qualify for protection, that Designating Party must
3 promptly notify all other Parties that it is withdrawing the inapplicable designation.
4 7.2 Manner and Timing of Designations. Except as otherwise provided in
5 this Order, or as otherwise stipulated or ordered, Disclosure of Discovery Material
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that qualifies for protection under this Order must be clearly so designated before
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the material is disclosed or produced.
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Designation in conformity with this Order requires:
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(a) for information in documentary form (e.g., paper or electronic
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documents, but excluding transcripts of depositions or other pretrial or trial
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proceedings), that the Producing Party affix at a minimum, the legend
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“CONFIDENTIAL” (hereinafter “CONFIDENTIAL legend”), to each page that
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contains protected material. If only a portion of the material on a page qualifies for
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protection, the Producing Party also must clearly identify the protected portion(s)
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(e.g., by making appropriate markings in the margins).
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A Party or Non-Party that makes original documents available for inspection
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need not designate them for protection until after the inspecting Party has indicated
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which documents it would like copied and produced. During the inspection and
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before the designation, all of the material made available for inspection shall be
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deemed “CONFIDENTIAL.” After the inspecting Party has identified the
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22 documents it wants copied and produced, the Producing Party must determine
23 which documents, or portions thereof, qualify for protection under this Order.
24 Then, before producing the specified documents, the Producing Party must affix
25 the “CONFIDENTIAL legend” to each page that contains Protected Material. If
26 only a portion of the material on a page qualifies for protection, the Producing
27 Party also must clearly identify the protected portion(s) (e.g., by making
28 appropriate markings in the margins).
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1 (b) for testimony given in depositions that the Designating Party
2 identifies the Disclosure or Discovery Material on the record, before the close of
3 the deposition all protected testimony.
4 (c) for information produced in some form other than documentary
5 and for any other tangible items, that the Producing Party affix in a prominent
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place on the exterior of the container or containers in which the information is
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stored the legend “CONFIDENTIAL.” If only a portion or portions of the
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information warrants protection, the Producing Party, to the extent practicable,
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shall identify the protected portion(s).
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7.3 Inadvertent Failures to Designate. If timely corrected, an inadvertent
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failure to designate qualified information or items does not, standing alone, waive
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the Designating Party’s right to secure protection under this Order for such
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material. Upon timely correction of a designation, the Receiving Party must make
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reasonable efforts to assure that the material is treated in accordance with the
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provisions of this Order.
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8. CHALLENGING CONFIDENTIALITY DESIGNATIONS
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8.1. Timing of Challenges. Any Party or Non-Party may challenge a
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designation of confidentiality at any time that is consistent with the Court’s
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Scheduling Order.
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8.2 Meet and Confer. The Challenging Party shall initiate the dispute
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22 resolution process under Local Rule 37-1 et seq.
23 8.3 Joint Stipulation. Any challenge submitted to the Court shall be via a
24 joint stipulation pursuant to Local Rule 37-2.
25 8.4 The burden of persuasion in any such challenge shall be on the
26 Designating Party. Frivolous challenges, and those made for an improper purpose
27 (e.g., to harass or impose unnecessary expenses and burdens on other parties) may
28 expose the Challenging Party to sanctions. Unless the Designating Party has
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1 waived or withdrawn the confidentiality designation, all parties shall continue to
2 afford the material in question the level of protection to which it is entitled under
3 the Producing Party’s designation until the Court rules on the challenge.
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9. ACCESS TO AND USE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL
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9.1 Basic Principles. A Receiving Party may use Protected Material that is
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disclosed or produced by another Party or by a Non-Party in connection with this
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Action only for prosecuting, defending or attempting to settle this Action. Such
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Protected Material may be disclosed only to the categories of persons and under
9
10 the conditions described in this Order. When the Action has been terminated, a
11 Receiving Party must comply with the provisions of section 15 below (FINAL
12 DISPOSITION).
13 Protected Material must be stored and maintained by a Receiving Party at a
14 location and in a secure manner that ensures that access is limited to the persons
15 authorized under this Order.
16 9.2 Disclosure of “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items. Unless
17 otherwise ordered by the court or permitted in writing by the Designating Party, a
18 Receiving Party may disclose any information or item designated
19 “CONFIDENTIAL” only to:
20 (a) the Receiving Party’s Outside Counsel of Record in this Action, as
21 well as employees of said Outside Counsel of Record to whom it is reasonably
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necessary to disclose the information for this Action;
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(b) the officers, directors, and employees (including House Counsel)
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of the Receiving Party to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action;
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(c) Experts (as defined in this Order) of the Receiving Party to whom
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disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action and who have signed the
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“Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A);
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1 (d) the court and its personnel;
2 (e) court reporters and their staff;
3 (f) professional jury or trial consultants, mock jurors, and Professional
4 Vendors to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action and who have
5 signed the “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A);
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(g) the author or recipient of a document containing the information or
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a custodian or other person who otherwise possessed or knew the information;
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(h) during their depositions, witnesses, and attorneys for witnesses, in
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the Action to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary provided: (1) the deposing
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party requests that the witness sign the form attached as Exhibit A hereto; and (2)
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they will not be permitted to keep any confidential information unless they sign the
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“Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A), unless otherwise
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agreed by the Designating Party or ordered by the court. Pages of transcribed
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deposition testimony or exhibits to depositions that reveal Protected Material may
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be separately bound by the court reporter and may not be disclosed to anyone
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except as permitted under this Stipulated Protective Order; and
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(i) any mediators or settlement officers and their supporting personnel,
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mutually agreed upon by any of the parties engaged in settlement discussions.
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10. PROTECTED MATERIAL SUBPOENAED OR ORDERED
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PRODUCED IN OTHER LITIGATION
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22 If a Party is served with a subpoena or a court order issued in other litigation
23 that compels disclosure of any information or items designated in this Action as
24 “CONFIDENTIAL,” that Party must:
25 (a) promptly notify in writing the Designating Party. Such notification
26 shall include a copy of the subpoena or court order;
27 (b) promptly notify in writing the party who caused the subpoena or
28 order to issue in the other litigation that some or all of the material covered by the
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1 subpoena or order is subject to this Protective Order. Such notification shall
2 include a copy of this Stipulated Protective Order; and
3 (c) cooperate with respect to all reasonable procedures sought to be
4 pursued by the Designating Party whose Protected Material may be affected. If the
5 Designating Party timely seeks a protective order, the Party served with the
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subpoena or court order shall not produce any information designated in this action
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as “CONFIDENTIAL” before a determination by the court from which the
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subpoena or order issued, unless the Party has obtained the Designating Party’s
9
permission. The Designating Party shall bear the burden and expense of seeking
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protection in that court of its confidential material and nothing in these provisions
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should be construed as authorizing or encouraging a Receiving Party in this Action
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to disobey a lawful directive from another court.
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11. A NON-PARTY’S PROTECTED MATERIAL SOUGHT TO
14 BE PRODUCED IN THIS LITIGATION
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(a) The terms of this Order are applicable to information produced by
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a Non-Party in this Action and designated as “CONFIDENTIAL.” Such
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information produced by Non-Parties in connection with this litigation is protected
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by the remedies and relief provided by this Order. Nothing in these provisions
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should be construed as prohibiting a Non-Party from seeking additional
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protections.
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(b) In the event that a Party is required, by a valid discovery request,
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to produce a Non-Party’s confidential information in its possession, and the Party
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is subject to an agreement with the Non-Party not to produce the Non-Party’s
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confidential information, then the Party shall:
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26 (1) promptly notify in writing the Requesting Party and the Non-Party
27 that some or all of the information requested is subject to a confidentiality
28 agreement with a Non-Party;
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1 (2) promptly provide the Non-Party with a copy of the Stipulated
2 Protective Order in this Action, the relevant discovery request(s), and a reasonably
3 specific description of the information requested; and
4 (3) make the information requested available for inspection by the
5 Non-Party, if requested.
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(c) If the Non-Party fails to seek a protective order from this court
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within 14 days of receiving the notice and accompanying information, the
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Receiving Party may produce the Non-Party’s confidential information responsive
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to the discovery request. If the Non-Party timely seeks a protective order, the
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Receiving Party shall not produce any information in its possession or control that
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is subject to the confidentiality agreement with the Non-Party before a
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determination by the court. Absent a court order to the contrary, the Non-Party
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shall bear the burden and expense of seeking protection in this court of its
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Protected Material.
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12. UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL
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If a Receiving Party learns that, by inadvertence or otherwise, it has
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disclosed Protected Material to any person or in any circumstance not authorized
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under this Stipulated Protective Order, the Receiving Party must immediately (a)
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notify in writing the Designating Party of the unauthorized disclosures, (b) use its
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best efforts to retrieve all unauthorized copies of the Protected Material, (c) inform
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the person or persons to whom unauthorized disclosures were made of all the terms
22
of this Order, and (d) request such person or persons to execute the
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“Acknowledgment an Agreement to Be Bound” attached hereto as Exhibit A.
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13. INADVERTENT PRODUCTION OF PRIVILEGED OR
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OTHERWISE PROTECTED MATERIAL
26 When a Producing Party gives notice to Receiving Parties that certain
27 inadvertently produced material is subject to a claim of privilege or other
28 protection, the obligations of the Receiving Parties are those set forth in Federal
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1 Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b)(5)(B). This provision is not intended to modify
2 whatever procedure may be established in an e-discovery order that provides for
3 production without prior privilege review. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence
4 502(d) and (e), insofar as the parties reach an agreement on the effect of disclosure
5 of a communication or information covered by the attorney-client privilege or
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work product protection, the parties may incorporate their agreement in the
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stipulated protective order submitted to the court.
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14. MISCELLANEOUS
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14.1 Right to Further Relief. Nothing in this Order abridges the right of any
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person to seek its modification by the Court in the future.
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14.2 Right to Assert Other Objections. By stipulating to the entry of this
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Order, no Party waives any right it otherwise would have to object to disclosing or
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producing any information or item on any ground not addressed in this Order.
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Similarly, no Party waives any right to object on any ground to use in evidence of
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any of the material covered by this Order.
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14.3 Filing Protected Material. A Party that seeks to file under seal any
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Protected Material must comply with Local Civil Rule 79-5. Protected Material
18
may only be filed under seal pursuant to a court order authorizing the sealing of the
19
specific Protected Material. If a Party’s request to file Protected Material under
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seal is denied by the court, then the Receiving Party may file the information in the
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22 public record unless otherwise instructed by the court.
23 15. FINAL DISPOSITION
24 After the final disposition of this Action, as defined in paragraph 6, within
25 60 days of a written request by the Designating Party, each Receiving Party must
26 return all Protected Material to the Producing Party or destroy such material. As
27 used in this subdivision, “all Protected Material” includes all copies, abstracts,
28 compilations, summaries, and any other format reproducing or capturing any of the
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1 || Protected Material. Whether the Protected Material is returned or destroyed, the
2 || Receiving Party must submit a written certification to the Producing Party (and, if
3 || not the same person or entity, to the Designating Party) by the 60-day deadline that
4 (1) identifies (by category, where appropriate) all the Protected Material that was
> || returned or destroyed and (2) affirms that the Receiving Party has not retained any
6 copies, abstracts, compilations, summaries or any other format reproducing or
capturing any of the Protected Material. Notwithstanding this provision, Counsel
8 are entitled to retain an archival copy of all pleadings, motion papers, trial,
deposition, and hearing transcripts, legal memoranda, correspondence, deposition
10 and trial exhibits, expert reports, attorney work product, and consultant and expert
work product, even if such materials contain Protected Material. Any such archival
copies that contain or constitute Protected Material remain subject to this
Protective Order as set forth in Section 6 (DURATION).
Is 16. MIOLATION

6 Any violation of this Order may be punished by appropriate measures
7 including, without limitation, contempt proceedings and/or monetary sanctions.
18 FOR GOOD CAUSE SHOWN, IT IS SO ORDERED.
19 : je de
20 || Dated: February 19, 2026 Lttr
J D. EARLY
nited States Magistrate Judge
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14
STIPULATED PROTECTIVE ORDER

1 EXHIBIT A
ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND AGREEMENT TO BE BOUND
2

3
4 I, [full name], of
5 [full address], declare under penalty of perjury that I have read
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in its entirety and understand the Stipulated Protective Order that was issued by the
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8 United States District Court for the Central District of California on ______[date]
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in the case of Scott Johnson v. Delux Public Charter, LLC d/b/a JSX Air and
10
Brittney Irizarry, C.D. Cal. Case No. 2:25-cv-02066-MEMF-JDEx. I agree to
11
12 comply with and to be bound by all the terms of this Stipulated Protective Order
13
and I understand and acknowledge that failure to so comply could expose me to
14
15 sanctions and punishment in the nature of contempt. I solemnly promise that I will
16
not disclose in any manner any information or item that is subject to this Stipulated
17
Protective Order to any person or entity except in strict compliance with the
18
19 provisions of this Order.
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I further agree to submit to the jurisdiction of the United States District
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22 Court for the Central District of California for the purpose of enforcing the terms
23 of this Stipulated Protective Order, even if such enforcement proceedings occur
24
after termination of this action. I hereby appoint [full
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26 name] of [full address and telephone number]
27
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1 as my California agent for service of process in connection with this action or any
2
proceedings related to enforcement of this Stipulated Protective Order.
3
4 Date:
5 City and State where sworn and signed:
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Printed Name:
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8 Signature:
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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11365682. Public record. Not legal advice.