# Hughes

> District Court, S.D. Illinois · March 30, 2026

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11308726

## Case

- **Full name:** Robert Gilbert v. Latoya Hughes, et al.
- **Court:** District Court, S.D. Illinois
- **Decided:** March 30, 2026
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

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## Opinion text

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS

ROBERT GILBERT, )
)
Plaintiff, )
)
vs. ) Case No. 3:24-cv-01394-GCS
)
LATOYA HUGHES, et al., )
)
Defendants. )
)

MEMORANDUM & ORDER

SISON, Magistrate Judge:

Plaintiff Robert Gilbert, an inmate of the Illinois Department of Corrections
("IDOC"), brings this civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and the Religious
Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (“RLUIPA”), 42 U.S.C. § 2000cc, et seq.,
related to confiscation of a religious item and denial of proper health care while
incarcerated at Big Muddy Correctional Center (“Big Muddy”).1 (Doc. 2). Pending before
the Court is a Motion for Summary Judgment on the Issue of Exhaustion of
Administrative Remedies by Sheila Cisco. (Doc. 80). For the reasons delineated below,
Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment is GRANTED.
PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Plaintiff filed his Complaint on May 28, 2024. (Doc. 2). Plaintiff alleged on January

1 Plaintiff is currently incarcerated at Pinckneyville Correctional Center.
1, 2022, Plaintiff arrived at Big Muddy. (Doc. 2, p. 10). Upon his release from receiving on
February 8, 2022, Plaintiff realized that his religious chain/medallion was missing from

his returned property. Id. He wrote a grievance about the missing chain and learned it
exceeded the IDOC’s new rules regarding chain width. Id. Plaintiff also spoke to Wardens
Galloway, Hverre, and Morganthaler about his missing chain. Id. He explained to them
he possessed the chain at previous prisons, and other inmates at Big Muddy were allowed
to keep their chains. Id. The wardens refused to return his chain. Id. at p. 11.
Plaintiff’s mental health deteriorated after the confiscation of his religious chain.

(Doc. 2, p. 12). In May 2022, he committed himself to suicide watch due to anxiety and
depression and went on a hunger strike for eight days. Id. As a result, he experienced
headaches, dizziness, kidney pain, dehydration, weakness, weight loss, and loss of his
throat muscles. Id. Gilbert alleges Defendant Cisco saw him while he was on suicide
watch in May; Plaintiff’s mental health records indicate Defendant Cisco was first

involved in Plaintiff’s mental health treatment on April 12, 2022, when she signed off on
a mental health treatment plan prepared by another provider. (Doc. 81-6, p. 85).
On July 15, 2024, the Court completed a preliminary review of Plaintiff’s Initial
Complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. (Doc. 12). Based on the above allegations, the
Court allowed Plaintiff to proceed with the following claim against Defendant Cisco:

Count 4: Eighth Amendment deliberate indifference claim against
Morganthaler and Ms. Cisco for failing to intervene or
provide care for Gilbert’s hunger strike, depression, and
anxiety.

(Doc. 12, p. 8, 13).
On August 11, 2025, Defendant Cisco filed a Motion for Summary Judgment and
Supporting Memorandum on the issue of exhaustion of administrative remedies. (Doc.

80, 81). Plaintiff filed a response on August 19, 2025, and a supplement to his response on
August 25, 2025. (Doc. 84, 86). Defendant Cisco replied on September 2, 2025. (Doc. 87).
Accordingly, the issue of exhaustion is now ripe for the Court’s review.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
The following grievances are relevant to Plaintiff’s exhaustion of administrative
remedies as to Defendant Cisco. Because the parties do not dispute that Defendant Cisco

was not involved in treating Plaintiff until at least April 2022 and the only allegation
against Defendant Cisco involves his mental health treatment, the Court will limit its
discussion to grievances filed on or after February 20, 2022.
A. Grievance No. 214-2-22
Plaintiff filed emergency grievance No. 214-2-22 on February 20, 2022. (Doc. 81-1,

p. 168). He grieved staff’s refusal to give him his chain and their failure to protect him.
The grievance names two correctional officers and refers to going to see “the MHP” to
tell them about blackouts that he experiences. Id. Plaintiff also states he will have no
choice but to go on hunger strike if he does not receive his chain. Id.
On February 22, 2022, the Chief Administrative Officer (“CAO”) determined that

the grievance was not an emergency and returned it to Plaintiff for resubmission. Id. The
Administrative Review Board (“ARB”) responded to this grievance on March 18, 2022,
noting that personal property and medical issues must be reviewed at an inmate’s current
facility prior to ARB review. Id. at p. 170.
B. Grievance No. 80-4-22
Plaintiff filed emergency Grievance No. 80-4-22 on April 8, 2022. (Doc. 48-4, p. 68).
He grieved about being deprived of his chain due to Big Muddy’s new policy regarding

the permitted size of chains. Id. He identified several people as among those responsible
for not allowing him to have his chain. Id.
On April 12, 2022, the CAO determined the grievance was not an emergency and
returned it to Plaintiff for resubmission. (Doc. 81-1, p. 109). Plaintiff resubmitted
Grievance #80-4-22 to the Counselor, who responded on April 21, 2022. Id. The Counselor

stated the chain was not permitted at Big Muddy because it had been denied by Plaintiff’s
previous institution, Graham Correctional Center (“Graham”), but Plaintiff was welcome
to reorder jewelry that complied with the new guidelines. Id.
A Grievance Officer responded to the grievance on April 27, 2022, reiterating that
Plaintiff was not allowed to possess his chain because it exceeded the permitted size, but

Plaintiff could obtain a new religious medallion and chain that complied with the
guidelines. Id. at p. 108. The CAO concurred on May 2, 2022, and Plaintiff appealed the
grievance to the ARB the following day. Id. On July 15, 2022, the ARB denied the
grievance, finding the issue was appropriately addressed by the facility. Id. at p. 107.
C. Grievance No. 13-5-22

Plaintiff filed this grievance on April 15, 2022. (Doc. 81-1, p. 127). The grievance
concerns an allegedly false disciplinary report filed in retaliation for Plaintiff filing a
harassment complaint against a correctional officer at Graham. The grievance names
several correctional officers. Id. at p. 127-128. It also alleges the confiscation of Plaintiff’s
religious chain was a part of the retaliation. Id. Plaintiff requested a transfer from Big
Muddy for his own safety. Id. A Grievance Counselor responded to the grievance on May

3, 2022. Id. at p. 127. He noted the grievance was duplicative of two prior grievances, and
the named correctional officers denied harassing Plaintiff. Id. Plaintiff appears to have
mailed this grievance to the ARB upon receiving a response from the Grievance
Counselor. Id. The ARB did not review the grievance because it was not submitted within
the required timeframe. Id. at p. 126. The ARB also noted that, by the time of its response,
Plaintiff had been transferred from Big Muddy, and thus he had already obtained the

remedy he requested. Id.
D. Grievance Dated April 25, 2022
On April 25, 2022, Plaintiff filed an unnumbered grievance against a member of
the ARB. (Doc. 81-1, p. 144). The grievance alleges the ARB member inappropriately
denied one of Plaintiff’s prior grievances regarding the confiscation of his chain.2 Id. The

ARB denied this grievance because the response to the prior grievance was appropriate.
Id.
E. Grievance Dated May 19, 2022
On May 19, 2022, Plaintiff filed an unnumbered grievance to complain about
the ARB’s response to his prior unnumbered grievance. (Doc. 81-1, p. 124). The grievance
alleges harassment by correctional officers and wardens in relation to Plaintiff’s chain.

2 Grievance No. 125-2-22 is not discussed in this Memorandum and Order.
The ARB responded to this grievance on June 23, 2022, noting it had addressed the
underlying grievance already and would not address the matter again. Id. at p. 123.
LEGAL STANDARDS

Summary judgment is proper when a moving party cannot establish the presence
of a genuine dispute of material fact. See FED. R. CIV. PROC. 56(a). To survive a motion for
summary judgment, the non-moving party must provide admissible evidence which
would allow a reasonable jury to find in his or her favor. See Maclin v. SBC Ameritech, 520
F.3d 781, 786 (7th Cir. 2008). Generally, the Court’s role is to determine whether a genuine

issue of material fact exists rather than evaluate the weight of the evidence, judge witness
credibility, or determine the truth of the matter when determining the outcome for a
motion for summary judgment. See National Athletic Sportswear, Inc. v. Westfield Ins. Co.,
528 F.3d 508, 512 (7th Cir. 2008).
However, in Pavey v. Conley, the Seventh Circuit held that, “debatable factual

issues relating to the defense of failure to exhaust administrative remedies” are not
required to be decided by a jury but are to be determined by the judge. 544 F.3d 739, 740-
741 (7th Cir. 2008). Therefore, it is left to the Court to determine whether an inmate has
exhausted his or her remedies when the affirmative defense of non-exhaustion is raised.
If the court finds the inmate failed to exhaust administrative remedies, then the inmate is

given the opportunity to exhaust should time still permit or if the failure to exhaust was
innocent. Id at 742. If the court determines that the failure to exhaust was the inmate’s
fault, then the case is over. Id.
Under the Prison Litigation Reform Act (“PLRA”), which governs lawsuits filed
by inmates, “no action shall be brought with respect to prison conditions under § 1983 of
this title, or any other Federal Law, by a prisoner confined in any jail, prison, or other

correctional facility until such administrative remedies as are available are exhausted.”
42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). This coincides with the PLRA’s statutory purpose of “afford[ing]
correction officials [the] time and opportunity to address complaints internally before
allowing the initiation of a federal case.” Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 93 (2006); see also
Begolli v. Home Depot U.S.A., Inc., 701 F.3d 1158, 1161 (7th Cir. 2012). It affords prison
administrators an opportunity to fix the problem, reduce damages, and shed light on the

factual disputes that may arise in litigation. See Pozo v. McCaughtry, 286 F.3d 1022, 1023-
24 (7th Cir. 2002).
Inmates must follow their prison’s administrative rules when attempting to
exhaust their administrative remedies under the PLRA. See Pozo, 286 F.3d at 1023. Plaintiff
is an inmate in the IDOC and is required to correctly follow the regulations contained in

the IDOC’s Grievance Procedures to properly exhaust his claims. See 20 ILL. ADMIN. CODE
§ 504.800, et seq. The Seventh Circuit requires strict adherence to a prison’s grievance
procedures to satisfy the requirements for exhaustion under the PLRA. See Dole v.
Chandler, 438 F.3d 804, 809 (7th Cir. 2006). The exhaustion requirement cannot be satisfied
if an inmate files untimely or procedurally defective grievances. See Woodford, 548 U.S. at

83. Additionally, an inmate must correctly complete all the steps outlined in the grievance
procedures and is barred from filing suit prior to any step being completed. See Ford v.
Johnson, 362 F.3d 395, 398 (7th Cir. 2004); 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). If an inmate fails to
complete all the steps correctly to exhaust his claim, then “the prison administrative
authority can refuse to hear the case, and the prisoner’s claim can be indefinitely
unexhausted.” Dole, 438 F.3d at 809. However, inmates are not required to exhaust

administrative remedies that are unavailable to them which can occur if, “prison
employees do not respond to a properly filed grievance or otherwise use affirmative
misconduct to prevent a prisoner from exhausting.” Dole, 438 F.3d at 809.
The IDOC Grievance Procedures require that an inmate first file a grievance with
a counselor at their correctional institution within 60 days of the discovery of an incident.
See 20 ILL. ADMIN. CODE § 504.810(a). The Grievance must include, “factual details

regarding each aspect of the offender’s complaint, including what happened, when,
where and the name of each person who is the subject of or who is otherwise involved in
the complaint.” See 20 ILL. ADMIN. CODE § 504.810(c). If the inmate is unsatisfied with the
counselor’s response, then the inmate can submit a formal grievance to the prison’s
grievance officer. Id. at (a)-(b). The grievance officer must then review the grievance and

provide a written response to the inmate. See 20 ILL. ADMIN. CODE § 504.830(a). Within 60
days of the receipt of the grievance, the grievance officer must report their findings and
recommendations in writing to the CAO. See 20 ILL. ADMIN. CODE § 504.830(e). The CAO
will then review the findings and recommendations and offer a written decision to the
inmate. Id. The inmate can appeal the CAO’s decision to the ARB within 30 days. See 20

ILL. ADMIN. CODE § 504.850(a). To do this correctly, the inmate is required to attach copies
of the grievance officers report and the CAO’s decision to his appeal. Id. The ARB then
submits its findings and recommendations to the Director who will issue the IDOC’s final
decision within six months. See 20 ILL. ADMIN. CODE § 504.850(d)-(e).
DISCUSSION
Plaintiff has not exhausted his administrative remedies against Defendant Cisco.
None of the grievances identified by the parties or reviewed by the Court could have put

Big Muddy officials on notice of any misconduct by Defendant Cisco. Emergency
Grievance No. 214-2-22 alleged that staff at Big Muddy was not protecting him and failed
to intervene on his behalf. However, he did not mention mental health staff by name or
in general; even if he had, Defendant Cisco was not involved in Plaintiff’s treatment until
April 2022, and Plaintiff alleged that the misconduct giving rise to his claim against her

occurred in May 2022. (Doc. 81-6, p. 85; Doc. 12, p. 3-4). A grievance filed weeks or months
before those dates cannot have put Big Muddy officials on notice about potential
problems with Nurse Cisco – no alleged misconduct could have occurred when the
grievance was filed. Furthermore, Grievance No. 214-2-22 was not fully exhausted, so it
could not exhaust Plaintiff’s administrative remedies against Defendant Cisco. Plaintiff’s

other grievances were either not fully exhausted due to procedural deficiencies, did not
allege anything related to mental healthcare, or both.
Plaintiff makes several arguments to show he could not exhaust his
administrative remedies against Defendant Cisco. They do not persuade the Court. First,

Plaintiff argues his remedies were unavailable because it is impossible for an inmate to
file a grievance about a medical incident at one facility after being transferred to a
different facility. (Doc. 84, p. 2). This is not the case. Plaintiff relies on the instructions on
the grievance form that instruct the filer to mail the grievance to the ARB when, inter alia,
the grievance involves “issues from another facility except medical and personal property
issues. (Doc. 84, p. 20). The plain language of the form indicates that grievances from

another facility involving medical and personal property issues should first be filed at an
inmate’s current facility rather than being sent directly to the ARB. See, e.g., Hoskins v.
Bartolotti, Case No. 3:21-cv-00664-GCS, 2024 WL 278344, *9 (S.D. Ill. Jan. 25, 2024) (noting
testimony from IDOC grievance counselor that an inmate’s current facility can address
medical and personal property issues that occurred at a prior facility). Further, the
instructions on the grievance are not so confusing as to render exhaustion unavailable.

See, e.g., Wallace v. Baldwin, 55 F.4th 535, 542 (7th Cir. 2022) (stating that “an inmate is
required to exhaust those, but only those, grievance procedures that are ‘capable of use’
to obtain ‘some relief for the action complained of’”) (quoting Ross v. Blake, 578 U.S. 632,
642 (2016)). Plaintiff may have misunderstood the grievance process; even if he did, that
does not mean the grievance process was unavailable to him. See King v. Dart, 63 F.4th

602, 606 (7th Cir. 2023).
Second, Plaintiff argues the doctrine of continuing injury means he was not
required to file a grievance as to each instance of misconduct. (Doc. 84, p. 5-6). It is true

that an inmate does not need to file a new grievance for every instance of repeated
conduct, but Plaintiff did not file any grievance that could have put prison officials on
notice as to any of Defendant Cisco’s alleged misconduct. The doctrine of continuing
injury does not apply here.
Third, Plaintiff argues he has exhausted his administrative remedies against
Defendant Cisco because he exhausted some grievances on the merits. (Doc. 86, p. 2). But

that is not what was required of Plaintiff. To exhaust administrative remedies, the
allegations contained in a grievance must support the claim he is pursuing in the case.
See King, 63 F.4th at 608. No allegations in the grievances in this case, let alone allegations
in a grievance that was fully exhausted, did so.

Plaintiff’s reliance on Maddox v. Love, 655 F.3d 709 (7th Cir. 2011) is misplaced for
similar reasons. (Doc. 86, p. 6). In Love, the court found that defendants could not review
a grievance on the merits but then rely on a technical defect to argue that a plaintiff had
not exhausted his administrative remedies because the grievance had provided prison
officials with a fair opportunity to address his complaint. Here, however, Plaintiff did not

afford prison officials a fair opportunity to address any alleged misconduct by Defendant
Cisco because no grievance named, described, or even alluded to anything that she did.
Finally, Plaintiff contends he submitted additional grievances that, in his view,
would have exhausted his administrative remedies against Defendant Cisco. (Doc. 84, p.

7). Even taking Plaintiff’s assertions as true, none of those grievances could have
exhausted administrative remedies against Defendant Cisco. Plaintiff says he submitted
these grievances directly to the ARB. As explained above, these grievances would have
had to be submitted at the local level before they could be reviewed on the merits by the
ARB. See 20 ILL. ADMIN. CODE § 504.810(a). Because Plaintiff admits he did not follow the
correct procedure in filing these grievances, they could not have exhausted his
administrative remedies against Defendant Cisco.

CONCLUSION
For the reasons outlined above, Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment is
GRANTED. (Doc. 48). Count 4 is DISMISSED as to Defendant Cisco. Because she was
the last Defendant named in that Count, Count 4 is DISMISSED in its entirety.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
DATED: March 30, 2026. Digitally signed by
Gilbert G Gilbert C Sison
. Date: 2026.03.30
Sison 1210849 0500
GILBERT C. SISON
United States Magistrate Judge

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11308726. Public record. Not legal advice.