# Youmans

> District Court, E.D. Washington · January 13, 2026

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11242614

## Case

- **Full name:** Eunice Youmans v. Chelan-Douglas Land Trust; Doe(s) 1-100 employees of Chelan-Douglas Land Trust; and Corporation(s) XYZ 1-100
- **Court:** District Court, E.D. Washington
- **Decided:** January 13, 2026
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

## Citator (automated)

- No negative treatment found by the automated citator. That is not the same as a confirmation that the case is good law; read the citing cases.
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## Opinion text

1
2 FILED IN THE
U.S. DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON
3 Jan 13, 2026
4 SEAN F. MCAVOY, CLERK
5 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
6 EASTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON
7 EUNICE YOUMANS, an individual No. 2:25-CV-00290-RLP

8 Plaintiff PROTECTIVE ORDER

9 v.
10 CHELAN-DOUGLAS LAND TRUST;
“DOE(S) 1-100” employees of
11 CHELAN-DOUGLAS LAND TRUST;
and “CORPORATION(S) XYZ 1-100,”
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Defendants.
13
Before the Court is the parties’ Amended Stipulated Protective Order, ECF
14
No. 15. Under Rule 26(c) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, a court, upon
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motion of a party and upon good cause shown, “may make any order which justice
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requires to protect a party or person from annoyance, embarrassment, oppression,
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or undue burden or expense.” The Rule permits a court to order that “that the
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disclosure or discovery may be had only on specified terms and conditions.” FRCP
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26(c)(2).
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1 There is a strong presumption in favor of access to court records. In re
2 Midland Nat. Life Ins. Co. Annuity Sales Pracs. Litig., 686 F.3d 1115, 1119 (9th

3 Cir. 2012). Even when parties agree to protective measures for discovery materials,
4 courts generally favor allowing access to such materials by individuals involved in
5 related litigation, as this promotes judicial economy. Cordero v. Stemilt AG Servs.,

6 142 F.4th 1201, 1207 (9th Cir. 2025) (citing Foltz v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins.
7 Co., 331 F.3d 1122, 1131 (9th Cir. 2003)). The party seeking a protective order has
8 the burden of establishing good cause and must show prejudice “for each particular
9 document it seeks to protect.” Foltz, 331 F.3d at 1130. “Broad allegations of harm,

10 unsubstantiated by specific examples or articulated reasoning, do not satisfy the
11 Rule 26(c) test.” Beckman Indus., Inc. v. Int'l Ins. Co., 966 F.2d 470, 476 (9th Cir.
12 1992). The requirement to demonstrate good cause cannot be waived, and remains

13 even where the parties stipulate to the order. San Jose Mercury News, Inc. v. U.S.
14 Dist. Ct.--N. Dist. (San Jose), 187 F.3d 1096, 1103 (9th Cir. 1999).
15 The parties seek this protective order under Rule 26(c) to protect the
16 disclosure of Plaintiff’s medical records and bills, bank account, financial

17 information, and tax records, Defendant’s personnel files of departed Executive
18 Directors, and the home addresses, phone numbers, and contact information for
19 membership lists. The Court finds that the parties have demonstrated good cause to

20 grant the order with regards to Plaintiff’s medical records and bills, bank account,
1 financial information, and tax records and Defendant’s personnel files of departed
2 Executive Directors. The parties have shown that Plaintiff, Defendant, and the

3 departed Executive Directors all have significant privacy interests in this
4 information, and that harm would result from disclosure which outweighs the
5 public’s interest in disclosure.

6 However, the Court finds the parties have not demonstrated good cause to
7 seal the home addresses, phone numbers, and contact information for membership
8 lists. In support of their request, the parties cite to two cases – Yellowcake, Inc. v.
9 Dashgo, Inc., 2022 WL 3226824 at *10 (E.D. Cal. July 21, 2022) and Snedigar v.

10 Hoddersen, c, 159, 786 P.2d 781 (1990) – without analysis. Yellowcake concerned
11 a discovery request for a list of customers which a district court found was a
12 protectable trade secret. 2022 WL 3226824 at *10. Snedigar concerned the proper

13 standard for asserting a First Amendment right to association objection to
14 discovery, specifically in the context of a discovery request for a socialist party’s
15 meeting minutes. 114 Wn.2d at 163-64.
16 Here, the parties do not explain why the membership lists are a protectable

17 trade secret, or make any showing that anyone’s First Amendment rights will be
18 harmed by its disclosure. As such, the Court does not presently find good cause to
19 grant a protective order with regards to this information.

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1 Still, the Court recognizes there may be circumstances which would
2 constitute good cause for a protective order to apply to the information. For

3 example, it may be the case that the contact information contained in the
4 membership lists was collected with the expectation that it would remain private.
5 The parties may file another motion for a protective order making a specific

6 showing of such circumstances, and how prejudice would result from disclosure of
7 the membership lists. Alternatively, the parties remain free to contract between
8 themselves regarding disclosure of the membership lists and pursue appropriate
9 remedies in the event of a breach.

10 ACCORDINGLY, IT IS ORDERED:
11 1. The parties’ Amended Stipulated Protective Order, ECF No. 15, is
12 GRANTED in part and DENIED in part.

13 2. The Court enters the following protective order:
14 PROTECTIVE ORDER
15 1. PURPOSES AND LIMITATIONS. Discovery in this action is likely to
16 involve production of confidential, proprietary, or private information for

17 which special protection may be warranted. Accordingly, the parties hereby
18 stipulate to and petition the court to enter the following Stipulated Protective
19 Order. It does not confer blanket protection on all disclosures or responses to

20 discovery, the protection it affords from public disclosure and use extends
1 only to the limited information or items that are entitled to confidential
2 treatment under the applicable legal principles, and it does not presumptively

3 entitle parties to file confidential information under seal.
4 2. “CONFIDENTIAL” MATERIAL. “Confidential” material shall include the
5 following documents and tangible things produced or otherwise exchanged:

6 • Plaintiff’s medical records and bills, bank account, financial
7 information, and tax records would be subject to a protective order
8 because these records can cause annoyance and embarrassment on
9 Plaintiff that creates good cause for their protection. Fed. R. Civ. P.

10 26(c). Exposing Plaintiffs medical records and bills, bank account,
11 financial information, and tax records could result in specific harm
12 to Plaintiff if these records are not subject to the protective order.

13 See Kamakana v. City & County of Honolulu, 447 F.3d 1172, 1186
14 (9th Cir. 2006).
15 • Defendant’s personnel files of departed Executive Directors
16 employed before plaintiff. In re Roman Cath. Archbishop of

17 Portland in Oregon, 661 F.3d 417, 428 (9th Cir. 2011) (personnel
18 files of retired employees not accused of wrongdoing are properly
19 the subject of a protective order).

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1 3. SCOPE. The protections conferred by this agreement cover not only
2 confidential material (as defined above), but also (1) any information copied

3 or extracted from confidential material; (2) all copies, excerpts, summaries,
4 or compilations of confidential material; and (3) any testimony,
5 conversations, or presentations by parties or their counsel that might reveal

6 confidential material. However, the protections conferred by this agreement
7 do not cover information that is in the public domain or becomes part of the
8 public domain through trial or otherwise.
9 4. ACCESS TO AND USE OF CONFIDENTIAL MATERIAL.

10 4.1 Basic Principles. A receiving party may use confidential material that is
11 disclosed or produced by another party or by a non-party in connection
12 with this case only for prosecuting, defending, or attempting to settle this

13 litigation. Confidential material may be disclosed only to the categories
14 of persons and under the conditions described in this agreement.
15 Confidential material must be stored and maintained by a receiving party
16 at a location and in a secure manner that ensures that access is limited to

17 the persons authorized under this agreement.
18 4.2 Disclosure of “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items. Unless
19 otherwise ordered by the court or permitted in writing by the designating

20 party, a receiving party may disclose any confidential material only to:
1 (a) the receiving party’s counsel of record in this action, as well as
2 employees of counsel to whom it is reasonably necessary to disclose

3 the information for this litigation;
4 (b) the officers, directors, and employees (including in house counsel) of
5 the receiving party to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for

6 this litigation, unless the parties agree that a particular document or
7 material produced is for Attorney’s Eyes Only and is so designated;
8 (c) experts and consultants to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary
9 for this litigation and who have signed the “Acknowledgment and

10 Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A);
11 (d) the court, court personnel, and court reporters and their staff;
12 (e) copy or imaging services retained by counsel to assist in the

13 duplication of confidential material, provided that counsel for the
14 party retaining the copy or imaging service instructs the service not to
15 disclose any confidential material to third parties and to immediately
16 return all originals and copies of any confidential material;

17 (f) during their depositions, witnesses in the action to whom disclosure
18 is reasonably necessary and who have signed the “Acknowledgment
19 and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A), unless otherwise agreed

20 by the designating party or ordered by the court. Pages of transcribed
1 deposition testimony or exhibits to depositions that reveal
2 confidential material must be separately bound by the court reporter

3 and may not be disclosed to anyone except as permitted under this
4 agreement
5 (g) the author or recipient of a document containing the information or a

6 custodian or other person who otherwise possessed or knew the
7 information.
8 4.3 Filing Confidential Material. Before filing confidential material or
9 discussing or referencing such material in court filings, the filing party

10 shall confer with the designating party, to determine whether the
11 designating party will remove the confidential designation, whether the
12 document can be redacted, or whether a motion to seal or stipulation and

13 proposed order is warranted. During the meet and confer process, the
14 designating party must identify the basis for sealing the specific
15 confidential information at issue, and the filing party shall include this
16 basis in its motion to seal, along with any objection to sealing the

17 information at issue. The burden shall be on the party who seeks to
18 maintain confidentiality of confidential material to seek the permission
19 of the court to file material under seal. The party seeking to maintain the

20 confidentiality of any information bears the burden of demonstrating
1 good cause and must obtain the court’s permission before filing such
2 material under seal.

3 5. DESIGNATING PROTECTED MATERIAL.
4 5.1 Exercise of Restraint and Care in Designating Material for Protection.
5 Each party or non-party that designates information or items for

6 protection under this agreement must take care to limit any such
7 designation to specific material that qualifies under the appropriate
8 standards. The designating party must designate for protection only those
9 parts of material, documents, items, or oral or written communications

10 that qualify, so that other portions of the material, documents, items, or
11 communications for which protection is not warranted are not swept
12 unjustifiably within the ambit of this agreement.

13 Mass, indiscriminate, or routinized designations are prohibited.
14 Designations that are shown to be clearly unjustified or that have been
15 made for an improper purpose (e.g., to unnecessarily encumber or delay
16 the case development process or to impose unnecessary expenses and

17 burdens on other parties) expose the designating party to sanctions.
18 If it comes to a designating party’s attention that information or items
19 that it designated for protection do not qualify for protection, the

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1 designating party must promptly notify all other parties that it is
2 withdrawing the mistaken designation.

3 5.2 Manner and Timing of Designations. Except as otherwise provided in
4 this agreement (see, e.g., second paragraph of section 5.2(a) below), or
5 as otherwise stipulated or ordered, disclosure or discovery material that

6 qualifies for protection under this agreement must be clearly so
7 designated before or when the material is disclosed or produced.
8 (a) Information in documentary form: (e.g., paper or electronic
9 documents and deposition exhibits, but excluding transcripts of

10 depositions or other pretrial or trial proceedings), the designating
11 party must affix the word “CONFIDENTIAL” to each page that
12 contains confidential material. If only a portion or portions of the

13 material on a page qualifies for protection, the producing party also
14 must clearly identify the protected portion(s) (e.g., by making
15 appropriate markings in the margins)
16 (b) Testimony given in deposition or in other pretrial proceedings: the

17 parties and any participating non-parties must identify on the record,
18 during the deposition or other pretrial proceeding, all protected
19 testimony, without prejudice to their right to so designate other

20 testimony after reviewing the transcript. Any party or non-party may,
1 within fifteen days after receiving the transcript of the deposition or
2 other pretrial proceeding, designate portions of the transcript, or

3 exhibits thereto, as confidential. If a party or non-party desires to
4 protect confidential information at trial, the issue should be addressed
5 during the pre-trial conference.

6 (c) Other tangible items: the producing party must affix in a prominent
7 place on the exterior of the container or containers in which the
8 information or item is stored the word “CONFIDENTIAL.” If only a
9 portion or portions of the information or item warrant protection, the

10 producing party, to the extent practicable, shall identify the protected
11 portion(s).
12 5.3 Inadvertent Failures to Designate. If timely corrected, an inadvertent

13 failure to designate qualified information or items does not, standing
14 alone, waive the designating party’s right to secure protection under this
15 agreement for such material. Upon timely correction of a designation,
16 the receiving party must make reasonable efforts to ensure that the

17 material is treated in accordance with the provisions of this agreement.
18 6. CHALLENGING CONFIDENTIALITY DESIGNATIONS.
19 6.1 Timing of Challenges. Any party or non-party may challenge a

20 designation of confidentiality at any time. Unless a prompt challenge to a
1 designating party’s confidentiality designation is necessary to avoid
2 foreseeable, substantial unfairness, unnecessary economic burdens, or a

3 significant disruption or delay of the litigation, a party does not waive its
4 right to challenge a confidentiality designation by electing not to mount a
5 challenge promptly after the original designation is disclosed.

6 6.2 Meet and Confer. The parties must make every attempt to resolve any
7 dispute regarding confidential designations without court involvement. Any
8 motion regarding confidential designations or for a protective order must
9 include a certification, in the motion or in a declaration or affidavit, that the

10 movant has engaged in a good faith meet and confer conference with other
11 affected parties in an effort to resolve the dispute without court action. The
12 certification must list the date, manner, and participants to the conference. A

13 good faith effort to confer requires a face-to-face meeting or a telephone
14 conference.
15 6.3 Judicial Intervention. If the parties cannot resolve a challenge without
16 court intervention, the designating party may file and serve a motion to

17 retain confidentiality. The burden of persuasion in any such motion shall be
18 on the designating party. Frivolous challenges, and those made for an
19 improper purpose (e.g., to harass or impose unnecessary expenses and

20 burdens on other parties) may expose the challenging party to sanctions. All
1 parties shall continue to maintain the material in question as confidential
2 until the court rules on the challenge.

3 7. PROTECTED MATERIAL SUBPOENAED OR ORDERED PRODUCED IN
4 OTHER LITIGATION. If a party is served with a subpoena or a court order issued
5 in other litigation that compels disclosure of any information or items designated in

6 this action as “CONFIDENTIAL,” that party must:
7 (a) promptly notify the designating party in writing and include a copy of the
8 subpoena or court order;
9 (b) promptly notify in writing the party who caused the subpoena or order to

10 issue in the other litigation that some or all of the material covered by the
11 subpoena or order is subject to this agreement. Such notification shall
12 include a copy of this agreement; and

13 (c) cooperate with respect to all reasonable procedures sought to be pursued by
14 the designating party whose confidential material may be affected.
15 8. UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL. If a
16 receiving party learns that, by inadvertence or otherwise, it has disclosed

17 confidential material to any person or in any circumstance not authorized under
18 this agreement, the receiving party must immediately (a) notify in writing the
19 designating party of the unauthorized disclosures, (b) use its best efforts to retrieve

20 all unauthorized copies of the protected material, (c) inform the person or persons
1 to whom unauthorized disclosures were made of all the terms of this agreement,
2 and (d) request that such person or persons execute the “Acknowledgment and

3 Agreement to Be Bound” that is attached hereto as Exhibit A.
4 9. INADVERTENT PRODUCTION OF PRIVILEGED OR OTHERWISE
5 PROTECTED MATERIAL. When a producing party gives notice to receiving

6 parties that certain inadvertently produced material is subject to a claim of
7 privilege or other protection, the obligations of the receiving parties are those set
8 forth in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b)(5)(B). This provision is not intended
9 to modify whatever procedure may be established in an e-discovery order or

10 agreement that provides for production without prior privilege review. The parties
11 agree to the entry of a non-waiver order under Fed. R. Evid. 502(d) as set forth
12 herein.

13 10. NON TERMINATION AND RETURN OF DOCUMENTS. Within 60 days
14 after the termination of this action, including all appeals, each receiving party must
15 return all confidential material to the producing party, including all copies, extracts
16 and summaries thereof. Alternatively, the parties may agree upon appropriate

17 methods of destruction.
18 Notwithstanding this provision, counsel are entitled to retain one archival
19 copy of all documents filed with the court, trial, deposition, and hearing transcripts,

20 correspondence, deposition and trial exhibits, expert reports, attorney work
1|| product, and consultant and expert work product, even if such materials contain
2|| confidential material.
3 The confidentiality obligations imposed by this agreement shall remain in
4|| effect until a designating party agrees otherwise in writing or a court orders
5|| otherwise.
6 IT IS SO ORDERED. The District Court Clerk is hereby directed to file
7\| this Order and provide copies to counsel.
8 DATED January 13, 2026.

10 REBECCA L.PENNELL
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
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DROTECTIVE ORDER * 14

1 EXHIBIT A

2 ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND AGREEMENT TO BE BOUND
3 I, ____________________________________ [print or type full name], of
4 ____________________________________ [print or type full address], declare under

5 penalty of perjury that I have read in its entirety and understand the Stipulated
6 Protective Order that was issued by the United States District Court for the
7 Eastern District of Washington on ____________________ in the case of Eunice

8 Youmans v. Chelan-Douglas Land Trust., et al., Cause No. 2:25-cv-00290-RLP. I
9 agree to comply with and to be bound by all the terms of this Stipulated Protective
10 Order and I understand and acknowledge that failure to so comply could expose

11 me to sanctions and punishment in the nature of contempt. I solemnly promise
12 that I will not disclose in any manner any information or item that is subject to this

13 Stipulated Protective Order to any person or entity except in strict compliance
14 with the provisions of this Order.
15 I further agree to submit to the jurisdiction of the United States District Court

16 for the Eastern District of Washington for the purpose of enforcing the terms of
17 this Stipulated Protective Order, even if such enforcement proceedings occur
18 after termination of this action.

19
1 Date: ____________________________________

2 City and State where sworn and signed: ____________________________________
3 Printed name: ____________________________________
4 Signature: ____________________________________

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11242614. Public record. Not legal advice.