# Opinion

> District Court, C.D. California · November 7, 2025

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11201200

## Case

- **Full name:** Urban Fab Corp. v. Entro, Inc., et al.
- **Court:** District Court, C.D. California
- **Decided:** November 7, 2025
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

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## Opinion text

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7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
8 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
9
10 URBAN FAB CORP., Case No. 2:25-cv-01061-PA-PVCx
11 Plaintiff,
STIPULATED PROTECTIVE
12 v. ORDER
13 ENTRO, INC., et al.,
14 Defendants.
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17 1. A. PURPOSES AND LIMITATIONS
18 Discovery in this action is likely to involve production of confidential,
19 proprietary, or private information for which special protection from public
20 disclosure and from use for any purpose other than prosecuting this litigation may
21 be warranted. Accordingly, the parties hereby stipulate to and petition the Court to
22 enter the following Stipulated Protective Order. The parties acknowledge that this
23 Order does not confer blanket protections on all disclosures or responses to
24 discovery and that the protection it affords from public disclosure and use extends
25 only to the limited information or items that are entitled to confidential treatment
26 under the applicable legal principles. The parties further acknowledge, as set forth
27 in Section 12.3 (Filing Protected Material), below, that this Stipulated Protective
28 Order does not entitle them to a file confidential information under seal; Civil Local
Rule 79-5 sets forth the procedures that must be followed and the standards that will
2| be applied when a party seeks permission from the court to file material under seal.
3 B. GOOD CAUSE STATEMENT
4 This lawsuit involves, inter alia, a copyright claim wherein Plaintiff Urban Fab
5 |Corp. alleges that defendants copied a fabric design and sold allegedly infringing
6 | products (the “accused products”) to the public.
7 The parties anticipate that discovery in this matter will seek confidential and
8 proprietary information, including, but not limited to, relative to the production and
9 |sale of the accused products as follows:
10 e revenues generated from the sale of the accused products;
11 e cost of goods associated with the accused products;
12 e pricing points for the manufacture and sale of the accused products;
13 e transactional documents associated with the import and sale of the accused
14 products;
15 e licensing agreements;
16 e gross revenues associated with the sale of the accused products;
17 e profits margins associated with the sale of the accused products;
18 e general financial information for the parties;
19 e expenses for the manufacture, purchase and sale of goods;
20 e marketing channels;
21 e purchase price for the accused products; and
22 e markdown money and other discounting information.
23 The parties are each involved in the fashion industry. This financial
24| information is not intended for public disclosure. Further, public disclosure of
sensitive financial information may cause harm to the parties as competitors could
26| use this information to gain an advantage in the fashion industry.
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1 2. DEFINITIONS
2 2.1 Action: This pending federal lawsuit, entitled Urban Fab Corp. v.
3 Entro, Inc., et al., Case No. 2:25-cv-01061-PA-PVC, which involves claims of
4 copyright infringement.
5 2.2 Challenging Party: a Party or Non-Party that challenges the
6 designation of information or items under this Order.
7 2.3 “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items: information (regardless of
8 how it is generated, stored, or maintained) or tangible things that qualify for
9 protection under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(c), and as specified above in
10 the Good Cause Statement.
11 2.4 Counsel: Outside Counsel of Record and House Counsel (as well as
12 their support staff).
13 2.5 Designating Party: a Party or Non-Party that designates information
14 or items that it produces in disclosures or in responses to discovery as
15 “CONFIDENTIAL.”
16 2.6 Disclosure or Discovery Material: all items or information, regardless
17 of the medium or manner in which it is generated, stored, or maintained (including,
18 among other things, testimony, transcripts, and tangible things), that are produced
19 or generated in disclosures or responses to discovery in this matter.
20 2.7 Expert: a person with specialized knowledge or experience in a matter
21 pertinent to the litigation who has been retained by a Party or its counsel to serve as
22 an expert witness or as a consultant in this Action.
23 2.8 House Counsel: attorneys who are employees of a party to this Action.
24 House Counsel does not include Outside Counsel of Record or any other outside
25 counsel.
26 2.9 Non-Party: any natural person, partnership, corporation, association,
27 or other legal entity not named as a Party to this action.
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1 2.10 Outside Counsel of Record: attorneys who are not employees of a
2 party to this Action but are retained to represent or advise a party to this Action and
3 have appeared in this Action on behalf of that party or are affiliated with a law firm
4 which has appeared on behalf of that party, including support staff.
5 2.11 Party: any party to this Action, including all of its officers, directors,
6 employees, consultants, retained experts, and Outside Counsel of Record (and their
7 support staffs).
8 2.12 Producing Party: a Party or Non-Party that produces Disclosure or
9 Discovery Material in this Action.
10 2.13 Professional Vendors: persons or entities that provide litigation
11 support services (e.g., photocopying, videotaping, translating, preparing exhibits or
12 demonstrations, and organizing, storing, or retrieving data in any form or medium)
13 and their employees and subcontractors.
14 2.14 Protected Material: any Disclosure or Discovery Material that is
15 designated as “CONFIDENTIAL.”
16 2.15 Receiving Party: a Party that receives Disclosure or Discovery
17 Material from a Producing Party.
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19 3. SCOPE
20 The protections conferred by this Stipulation and Order cover not only
21 Protected Material (as defined above), but also (1) any information copied or
22 extracted from Protected Material; (2) all copies, excerpts, summaries, or
23 compilations of Protected Material; and (3) any testimony, conversations, or
24 presentations by Parties or their Counsel that might reveal Protected Material.
25 Any use of Protected Material at trial shall be governed by the orders of the
26 trial judge. This Order does not govern the use of Protected Material at trial.
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1 4. DURATION
2 Once a case proceeds to trial, all of the information that was designated as
3 confidential or maintained pursuant to this protective order becomes public and will
4 be presumptively available to all members of the public, including the press, unless
5 compelling reasons supported by specific factual findings to proceed otherwise are
6 made to the trial judge in advance of the trial. See Kamakana v. City and County of
7 Honolulu, 447 F.3d 1172, 1180-81 (9th Cir. 2006) (distinguishing “good cause”
8 showing for sealing documents produced in discovery from “compelling reasons”
9 standard when merits-related documents are part of court record). Accordingly, the
10 terms of this protective order do not extend beyond the commencement of the trial.
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12 5. DESIGNATING PROTECTED MATERIAL
13 5.1 Exercise of Restraint and Care in Designating Material for Protection.
14 Each Party or Non-Party that designates information or items for protection under
15 this Order must take care to limit any such designation to specific material that
16 qualifies under the appropriate standards. The Designating Party must designate for
17 protection only those parts of material, documents, items, or oral or written
18 communications that qualify so that other portions of the material, documents,
19 items, or communications for which protection is not warranted are not swept
20 unjustifiably within the ambit of this Order.
21 Mass, indiscriminate, or routinized designations are prohibited. Designations
22 that are shown to be clearly unjustified or that have been made for an improper
23 purpose (e.g., to unnecessarily encumber the case development process or to impose
24 unnecessary expenses and burdens on other parties) may expose the Designating
25 Party to sanctions.
26 If it comes to a Designating Party’s attention that information or items that it
27 designated for protection do not qualify for protection, that Designating Party must
28 promptly notify all other Parties that it is withdrawing the inapplicable designation.
1 5.2 Manner and Timing of Designations. Except as otherwise provided in
2 this Order (see, e.g., second paragraph of Section 5.2(a) below), or as otherwise
3 stipulated or ordered, Disclosure or Discovery Material that qualifies for protection
4 under this Order must be clearly so designated before the material is disclosed or
5 produced.
6 Designation in conformity with this Order requires:
7 (a) for information in documentary form (e.g., paper or electronic documents,
8 but excluding transcripts of depositions or other pretrial or trial proceedings), that
9 the Producing Party affix at a minimum, the legend “CONFIDENTIAL” (hereinafter
10 “CONFIDENTIAL legend”), to each page that contains protected material. If only
11 a portion or portions of the material on a page qualifies for protection, the Producing
12 Party also must clearly identify the protected portion(s) (e.g., by making appropriate
13 markings in the margins).
14 A Party or Non-Party that makes original documents available for inspection
15 need not designate them for protection until after the inspecting Party has indicated
16 which documents it would like copied and produced. During the inspection and
17 before the designation, all of the material made available for inspection shall be
18 deemed “CONFIDENTIAL.” After the inspecting Party has identified the
19 documents it wants copied and produced, the Producing Party must determine which
20 documents, or portions thereof, qualify for protection under this Order. Then, before
21 producing the specified documents, the Producing Party must affix the
22 “CONFIDENTIAL legend” to each page that contains Protected Material. If only a
23 portion or portions of the material on a page qualifies for protection, the Producing
24 Party also must clearly identify the protected portion(s) (e.g., by making appropriate
25 markings in the margins).
26 (b) for testimony given in depositions that the Designating Party identify the
27 Disclosure or Discovery Material on the record, before the close of the deposition
28 all protected testimony.
1 (c) for information produced in some form other than documentary and for any
2 other tangible items, that the Producing Party affix in a prominent place on the
3 exterior of the container or containers in which the information is stored the legend
4 “CONFIDENTIAL.” If only a portion or portions of the information warrants
5 protection, the Producing Party, to the extent practicable, shall identify the protected
6 portion(s).
7 5.3 Inadvertent Failures to Designate. If timely corrected, an inadvertent
8 failure to designate qualified information or items does not, standing alone, waive
9 the Designating Party’s right to secure protection under this Order for such material.
10 Upon timely correction of a designation, the Receiving Party must make reasonable
11 efforts to assure that the material is treated in accordance with the provisions of this
12 Order.
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14 6. CHALLENGING CONFIDENTIALITY DESIGNATIONS
15 6.1 Timing of Challenges. Any Party or Non-Party may challenge a
16 designation of confidentiality at any time that is consistent with the Court’s
17 Scheduling Order.
18 6.2 Meet and Confer. The Challenging Party Shall initiate the dispute
19 resolution process under Civil Local Rule 37-1 et seq.
20 6.3 The burden of persuasion in any such challenge proceeding shall be
21 on the Designating Party. Frivolous challenges, and those made for an improper
22 purpose (e.g., to harass or impose unnecessary expenses and burdens on other
23 parties), may expose the Challenging Party to sanctions. Unless the Designating
24 Party has waived or withdrawn the confidentiality designation, all parties shall
25 continue to afford the material in question the level of protection to which it
26 is entitled under the Producing Party’s designation until the Court rules on the
27 challenge.
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1 7. ACCESS TO AND USE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL
2 7.1 Basic Principles. A Receiving Party may use Protected Material that
3 is disclosed or produced by another Party or by a Non-Party in connection with
4 this Action only for prosecuting, defending, or attempting to settle this Action.
5 Such Protected Material may be disclosed only to the categories of persons and
6 under the conditions described in this Order. When the Action has been
7 terminated, a Receiving Party must comply with the provisions of Section 13 below
8 (FINAL DISPOSITION).
9 Protected Material must be stored and maintained by a Receiving Party at
10 a location and in a secure manner that ensures that access is limited to the
11 persons authorized under this Order.
12 7.2 Disclosure of “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items. Unless
13 otherwise ordered by the Court or permitted in writing by the Designating Party, a
14 Receiving Party may disclose any information or item designated
15 “CONFIDENTIAL” only to:
16 (a) the Receiving Party’s Outside Counsel of Record in this Action, as well as
17 employees of said Outside Counsel of Record to whom it is reasonably necessary to
18 disclose the information for this Action;
19 (b) the officers, directors, and employees (including House Counsel) of the
20 Receiving Party to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action;
21 (c) Experts (as defined in this Order) of the Receiving Party to whom disclosure
22 is reasonably necessary for this Action and who have signed the “Acknowledgment
23 and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A);
24 (d) the Court and its personnel;
25 (e) court reporters and their staff;
26 (f) professional jury or trial consultants, mock jurors, and Professional Vendors
27 to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action and who have signed the
28 “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A);
1 (g) the author or recipient of a document containing the information or a
2 custodian or other person who otherwise possessed or knew the information;
3 (h) during their depositions, witnesses, and attorneys for witnesses, in the
4 Action to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary provided: (1) the deposing party
5 requests that the witness sign the form attached as Exhibit A hereto; and (2) they
6 will not be permitted to keep any confidential information unless they sign the
7 “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A), unless otherwise
8 agreed by the Designating Party or ordered by the Court. Pages of transcribed
9 deposition testimony or exhibits to depositions that reveal Protected Material may
10 be separately bound by the court reporter and may not be disclosed to anyone except
11 as permitted under this Stipulated Protective Order; and
12 (i) any mediator or settlement officer, and their supporting personnel, mutually
13 agreed upon by any of the parties engaged in settlement discussions.
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15 8. PROTECTED MATERIAL SUBPOENAED OR ORDERED PRODUCED
16 IN OTHER LITIGATION
17 If a Party is served with a subpoena or a court order issued in other litigation
18 that compels disclosure of any information or items designated in this Action as
19 “CONFIDENTIAL,” that Party must:
20 (a) promptly notify in writing the Designating Party. Such notification shall
21 include a copy of the subpoena or court order;
22 (b) promptly notify in writing the party who caused the subpoena or order to
23 issue in the other litigation that some or all of the material covered by the subpoena
24 or order is subject to this Protective Order. Such notification shall include a copy
25 of this Stipulated Protective Order; and
26 (c) cooperate with respect to all reasonable procedures sought to be pursued by
27 the Designating Party whose Protected Material may be affected.
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1 If the Designating Party timely seeks a protective order, the Party served with
2 the subpoena or court order shall not produce any information designated in this
3 action as “CONFIDENTIAL” before a determination by the court from which the
4 subpoena or order issued, unless the Party has obtained the Designating Party’s
5 permission. The Designating Party shall bear the burden and expense of seeking
6 protection in that court of its confidential material, and nothing in these provisions
7 should be construed as authorizing or encouraging a Receiving Party in this Action
8 to disobey a lawful directive from another court.
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10 9. A NON-PARTY’S PROTECTED MATERIAL SOUGHT TO BE
11 PRODUCED IN THIS LITIGATION
12 (a) The terms of this Order are applicable to information produced by a Non-
13 Party in this Action and designated as “CONFIDENTIAL.” Such information
14 produced by Non-Parties in connection with this litigation is protected by the
15 remedies and relief provided by this Order. Nothing in these provisions should be
16 construed as prohibiting a Non-Party from seeking additional protections.
17 (b) In the event that a Party is required, by a valid discovery request, to produce
18 a Non-Party’s confidential information in its possession, and the Party is subject to
19 an agreement with the Non-Party not to produce the Non-Party’s confidential
20 information, then the Party shall:
21 (1) promptly notify in writing the Requesting Party and the Non-Party
22 that some or all of the information requested is subject to a
23 confidentiality agreement with a Non-Party;
24 (2) promptly provide the Non-Party with a copy of the Stipulated
25 Protective Order in this Action, the relevant discovery request(s), and a
26 reasonably specific description of the information requested; and
27 (3) make the information requested available for inspection by the Non-
28 Party, if requested.
1 (c) If the Non-Party fails to seek a protective order from this Court within 14
2 days of receiving the notice and accompanying information, the Receiving Party
3 may produce the Non-Party’s confidential information responsive to the discovery
4 request. If the Non-Party timely seeks a protective order, the Receiving Party shall
5 not produce any information in its possession or control that is subject to the
6 confidentiality agreement with the Non-Party before a determination by the Court.
7 Absent a court order to the contrary, the Non-Party shall bear the burden and
8 expense of seeking protection in this Court of its Protected Material.
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10 10. UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL
11 If a Receiving Party learns that, by inadvertence or otherwise, it has disclosed
12 Protected Material to any person or in any circumstance not authorized under this
13 Stipulated Protective Order, the Receiving Party must immediately (a) notify in
14 writing the Designating Party of the unauthorized disclosures, (b) use its best efforts
15 to retrieve all unauthorized copies of the Protected Material, (c) inform the person
16 or persons to whom unauthorized disclosures were made of all the terms of this
17 Order, and (d) request such person or persons to execute the “Acknowledgment and
18 Agreement to Be Bound” that is attached hereto as Exhibit A.
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20 11. INADVERTENT PRODUCTION OF PRIVILEGED OR OTHERWISE
21 PROTECTED MATERIAL
22 When a Producing Party gives notice to Receiving Parties that certain
23 inadvertently produced material is subject to a claim of privilege or other protection,
24 the obligations of the Receiving Parties are those set forth in Federal Rule of Civil
25 Procedure 26(b)(5)(B). This provision is not intended to modify whatever
26 procedure may be established in an e-discovery order that provides for production
27 without prior privilege review. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence 502(d) and
28 (e), insofar as the parties reach an agreement on the effect of disclosure of a
1 communication or information covered by the attorney-client privilege or work
2 product protection, the parties may incorporate their agreement in the stipulated
3 protective order submitted to the Court.
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5 12. MISCELLANEOUS
6 12.1 Right to Relief. Nothing in this Order abridges the right of any person
7 to seek its modification by the Court in the future.
8 12.2 Right to Assert Other Objections. By stipulating to the entry of this
9 Protective Order, no Party waives any right it otherwise would have to object to
10 disclosing or producing any information or item on any ground not addressed in this
11 Stipulated Protective Order. Similarly, no Party waives any right to object on any
12 ground to use in evidence of any of the material covered by this Protective Order.
13 12.3 Filing Protected Material. A Party that seeks to file under seal any
14 Protected Material must comply with Civil Local Rule 79-5. Protected Material
15 may only be filed under seal pursuant to a court order authorizing the sealing of the
16 specific Protected Material at issue. If a Party’s request to file Protected Material
17 under seal is denied by the court, then the Receiving Party may file the information
18 in the public record unless otherwise instructed by the court.
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20 13. FINAL DISPOSITION
21 After the final disposition of this Action, as defined in Section 4
22 (DURATION), within 60 days of a written request by the Designating Party, each
23 Receiving Party must return all Protected Material to the Producing Party or destroy
24 such material. As used in this subdivision, “all Protected Material” includes all
25 copies, abstracts, compilations, summaries, and any other format reproducing or
26 capturing any of the Protected Material. Whether the Protected Material is returned
27 or destroyed, the Receiving Party must submit a written certification to the
28 Producing Party (and, if not the same person or entity, to the Designating Party) by
1| the 60 day deadline that (1) identifies (by category, where appropriate) all the
2| Protected Material that was returned or destroyed; and (2) affirms that the Receiving
Party has not retained any copies, abstracts, compilations, summaries, or any other
format reproducing or capturing any of the Protected Material. Notwithstanding this
5| provision, Counsel are entitled to retain an archival copy of all pleadings, motion
6| papers, trial, deposition, and hearing transcripts, legal memoranda, correspondence,
deposition and trial exhibits, expert reports, attorney work product, and consultant
8 | and expert work product, even if such materials contain Protected Material. Any
9] such archival copies that contain or constitute Protected Material remain subject to
10} this Protective Order as set forth in Section 4 (DURATION).
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14. Any violation of this Order may be punished by any and all appropriate
13 | measures including, without limitation, contempt proceedings and/or monetary
14] sanctions.
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16| FOR GOOD CAUSE SHOWN BY THE PARTIES’ STIPULATION, IT IS SO
ORDERED.
17 .
Li fr
DATED: November 7, 2025 [i
19 HON. PEDRO V. CASTILLO
0 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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1 EXHIBIT A
2 ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND AGREEMENT TO BE BOUND
3
4 I, _____________________________ [print or type full name], of
5 _________________ [print or type full address], declare under penalty of perjury
6 that I have read in its entirety and understand the Stipulated Protective Order that
7 was issued by the United States District Court for the Central District of California
8 on [date] in the case of ___________ [insert formal name of the case and the
9 number and initials assigned to it by the court]. I agree to comply with and to be
10 bound by all the terms of this Stipulated Protective Order, and I understand and
11 acknowledge that failure to so comply could expose me to sanctions and punishment
12 in the nature of contempt. I solemnly promise that I will not disclose in any manner
13 any information or item that is subject to this Stipulated Protective Order to any
14 person or entity except in strict compliance with the provisions of this Order.
15 I further agree to submit to the jurisdiction of the United States District Court
16 for the Central District of California for the purpose of enforcing the terms of this
17 Stipulated Protective Order, even if such enforcement proceedings occur after
18 termination of this action. I hereby appoint __________________________ [print
19 or type full name] of _______________________________________ [print or type
20 full address and telephone number] as my California agent for service of process in
21 connection with this action or any proceedings related to enforcement of this
22 Stipulated Protective Order.
23 Date: ______________________________________
24 City and State where sworn and signed: _________________________________
25
26 Printed name: _______________________________
27
28 Signature: __________________________________

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11201200. Public record. Not legal advice.