# Anderson

> District Court, N.D. Illinois · November 3, 2025

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11196591

## Case

- **Full name:** Jeremy Anderson (K-92896) v. Doctor Bautista, et al.
- **Court:** District Court, N.D. Illinois
- **Decided:** November 3, 2025
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

## Citator (automated)

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## How later opinions describe it (automated extraction)

- observing that “mere failure . . . to choose the best course of action” does not violate the Constitution

## Opinion text

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS

Jeremy Anderson (K-92896), )
)
Plaintiff, )
) Case No. 23 C 1619
v. )
) Hon. Georgia N. Alexakis
Doctor Bautista, et al., )
)
Defendants. )

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

State prisoner Jeremy Anderson brings this pro se civil rights action, 42 U.S.C.
§ 1983, alleging that Dr. Catalino Bautista was deliberately indifferent to his lower
back pain. Plaintiff also is proceeding on state-law medical negligence claims against
Dr. Bautista and Wexford Health Sources, Inc. Defendants have moved for summary
judgment as to all claims. For the reasons that follow, the motion is granted. [67].
BACKGROUND
A. Northern District of Illinois Local Rule 56.1
Local Rule 56.1 governs the procedures for filing and responding to motions for
summary judgment in this court. The rule is intended “to aid the district court, which
does not have the advantage of the parties’ familiarity with the record and often
cannot afford to spend the time combing the record to locate the relevant information,
in determining whether a trial is necessary.” Delapaz v. Richardson, 634 F.3d 895,
899 (7th Cir. 2011) (cleaned up). Local Rule 56.1(a) requires the moving party to
provide a statement of material facts that complies with Local Rule 56.1(d). LR
56.1(a)(2). Local Rule 56.1(d) requires that “[e]ach asserted fact must be supported
by citation to the specific evidentiary material, including the specific page number,
that supports it. The court may disregard any asserted fact that is not supported with
such a citation.” LR 56.1(d)(2).

The opposing party must respond to the movant’s proposed statements of fact.
See Schrott v. Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 403 F.3d 940, 944 (7th Cir. 2005); LR 56.1(e).
In the case of any disagreement, “a party must cite specific evidentiary material that
controverts the fact and must concisely explain how the cited material controverts
the asserted fact. Asserted facts may be deemed admitted if not controverted with
specific citations to evidentiary material.” LR 56.1(e)(3). A response may not set forth
new facts that are not responsive to the asserted fact, or assert legal arguments. LR

56.1(e)(2). “[M]ere disagreement with the movant’s asserted facts is inadequate if
made without reference to specific supporting material.” Smith v. Lamz, 321 F.3d
680, 683 (7th Cir. 2003).
Because plaintiff is proceeding pro se, defendants served him with a Local Rule
56.2 Notice to Unrepresented Litigants Opposing Summary Judgment. [70]. Plaintiff
responded by submitting a document titled “Motion for Summary Judgment,” [71],

which does not appear to be a motion for summary judgment,1 but rather an attempt
to state additional facts that includes legal argument and various exhibits. Plaintiff
also submitted a document titled “Summary Judgment Pursuant to Federal Rule of

1 To the extent that Plaintiff did intend this document to be a motion for summary judgment,
denial would nonetheless be appropriate as the motion does not meet the requirements of
Fed. R. Civ. P. 56 or LR 56.1.
Civil Procedure 56,” [72], which appears to be a memorandum in opposition to
Defendants’ summary judgment motion.
Because plaintiff has not properly responded to defendants’ factual

statements, the Court will consider those statements to be true to the extent
supported by the record. Lamz, 321 F.3d at 683. The Court will entertain plaintiff’s
factual statements only to the extent they are supported by the record, or to the extent
he could properly testify himself about the matters asserted. See Sistrunk v. Khan,
931 F. Supp. 2d 849, 854 (N.D. Ill. 2013).
Nonetheless, plaintiff’s failure to strictly comply with Local Rule 56.1 is not a
basis for automatically granting defendant’s motion. Robinson v. Waterman, 1 F.4th

480, 483 (7th Cir. 2021). Rather, the Court is mindful that the moving party has the
“ultimate burden of persuasion” to show entitlement to judgment as a matter of law.
Raymond v. Ameritech Corp., 442 F.3d 600, 608 (7th Cir. 2006). The Court will apply
these standards in evaluating the evidence.
B. Relevant Facts2
In 2019, plaintiff Jeremy Anderson was a prisoner at Stateville Correctional

Center. (Defs.’ SOF, Dkt. No. 69, ¶ 1.) Plaintiff was housed at that facility until about
March 4, 2021, when he was transferred to Dixon Correctional Center. (Id.)
Defendant, Dr. Catalino Bautista (misspelled “Batista” in plaintiff’s complaint), is a

2 This Court has jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1331, and venue is appropriate under 28
U.S.C. § 1391 because a substantial part of the events giving rise to this claim occurred at
Stateville Correctional Center, which is located within the Northern District of Illinois. (See
Def.’s SOF, Dkt. No. 69, at ¶ 4.)
licensed medical doctor who was employed by Wexford Health Sources, Inc. until he
retired in July 2022. (Id. ¶ 2.) Wexford is a private corporation that supplied medical
providers to the Illinois Department of Corrections, including Stateville. (Id. ¶ 3.)

Plaintiff’s claims against Dr. Bautista are related to the doctor’s treatment of
plaintiff’s lower back pain. (Id. ¶ 5.) Plaintiff alleges both that Dr. Bautista was
deliberately indifferent to his back pain and that he was negligent in his treatment
of that pain. (Id.) Plaintiff’s claim against Wexford is limited to a medical negligence
claim as Dr. Bautista’s employer. (Id. ¶ 6.) Plaintiff is aware that in order to prove
his medical malpractice claim against Dr. Bautista, he must provide a report from a
physician that supports those allegations. (Id. ¶ 7.) At Stateville in 2019, a prisoner

could file a grievance by sending it to the grievance office. (Id. ¶ 8.)
On or about February 25, 2019, plaintiff fell out of his bunk at Stateville. (Id.
¶ 9.) After he fell, plaintiff filed a grievance about that event, which was assigned
number 11182. (Id. ¶ 10.) This grievance was not marked as received by the grievance
department until October 14, 2019. (Id. ¶ 11.)
In this grievance, plaintiff complains that after falling out of the top bunk, a

“med tech” was called to his unit, and plaintiff was taken to the Healthcare Unit for
treatment. (Id.) Plaintiff also stated in the grievance that he believed officers with
the Illinois Department of Corrections (“IDOC”) knew that he was not supposed to be
assigned to the top bunk and should have called the Placement Office to confirm. (Id.
¶ 12.) This grievance does not complain that plaintiff failed to receive appropriate
medical treatment after he fell out of the bunk. (Id. ¶ 13.) Neither Dr. Bautista nor
Wexford are named in the grievance. (Id. ¶ 14.)
After the grievance was reviewed and responded to by the grievance counselor,

plaintiff appealed that decision to the Administrative Review Board (“ARB”). (Id. ¶
15.) Once the grievance was received by the ARB, the ARB indicated that it needed
additional information in the form of the Grievance Officer’s and Chief
Administrative Officer’s response to the grievance, if timely. (Id. ¶ 16.) After receiving
the ARB’s response, plaintiff filed this lawsuit. (Id. ¶ 17.) Plaintiff never filed another
grievance relating to the allegations in this complaint. (Id. ¶ 18.)
Plaintiff’s first visit with Dr. Bautista related to his complaints of back pain

was on July 3, 2019. (Id. ¶ 19.) At that visit, Dr. Bautista performed a physical
examination of plaintiff and determined that he had tenderness to his spinal area.
(Id. ¶ 20.) Dr. Bautista diagnosed plaintiff with low back pain with sciatica, which is
related to the nerves in plaintiff’s lower back. (Id. ¶ 21.) In response to plaintiff’s
complaint and the physical examination, Dr. Bautista increased plaintiff’s dosage of
Robaxin (a muscle relaxer), prescribed him Neurontin (used to treat nerve pain), and

wrote a referral for physical therapy. (Id. ¶ 22.) Plaintiff was to follow up on
September 5, 2019. (Id. ¶ 23.) Plaintiff agrees that Dr. Bautista responded to his
complaints of pain by increasing his medication dosage. (Id. ¶ 24.)
Plaintiff returned to Dr. Bautista earlier than planned on July 22, 2019. (Id. ¶
25.) At that visit, plaintiff complained that the Neurontin was not working, and in
response to those complaints, Dr. Bautista increased the dosage. (Id. ¶ 26.)
Plaintiff next saw Dr. Bautista on September 12, 2019, to follow up on his
complaints of back pain. (Id. ¶ 27.) Plaintiff reported at that time that his current
dose of Neurontin was not lasting long enough to control the pain. (Id. ¶ 28.) There is

no documentation in the medical records from this visit indicating that plaintiff
requested an MRI. (Id. ¶ 29.) Plaintiff agrees that Dr. Bautista listened to his
complaints of pain and increased the dosage of his medication to address those
complaints. (Id. ¶ 30.)
After completing a course of physical therapy, plaintiff returned to Dr.
Bautista for a follow-up visit on or around November 19, 2019. (Id. ¶ 31; Pl.’s Dep.,
Dkt. No. 69-4, at 53:15–54:5.) During that visit, Plaintiff reported to Dr. Bautista that

the physical therapy had loosened his back. (Dkt. No. 69, ¶ 31.) Plaintiff agrees that
Dr. Bautista responded to his complaints of nerve pain by prescribing medications.
(Id. ¶ 32.)
Plaintiff agrees that after he left Stateville in November 2021, Dr. Bautista no
longer had responsibility for treating his lower back pain. (Id. ¶ 33.) As of February
2025, when plaintiff was deposed, no specialist had put a formal plan in place for non-

conservative treatment of plaintiff’s low back pain. (Id. ¶ 34.3) As of November 2024,
after seeing a specialist at another hospital in August 2024, the doctor at Dixon
Correctional Center recommended that plaintiff continue to lose weight, continue his
medications, and start another round of physical therapy for his back pain. (Id. ¶ 35.)

3 Plaintiff testified that doctors have told him that he may need injections or surgery, but
“[i]t’s up in the air right now.” (Pl.’s Dep., Dkt. No. 69-4, at 96:2:9.)
For this part, Dr. Bautista attested that he exercised his independent clinical
judgment in assessing, diagnosing, and treating patient complaints, including
plaintiff’s complaints. (Id. ¶ 36.) Before plaintiff’s first visit with Dr. Bautista,

plaintiff had seen other medical providers at the prison, including a physician
assistant and another doctor. (Id. ¶ 37.) In these previous visits, plaintiff had been
referred to physical therapy on at least two occasions. (Id. ¶ 38.)
Dr. Bautista’s first visit with plaintiff related to complaints of back pain was
on July 3, 2019. (Id. ¶ 39.) Upon examination, plaintiff had tenderness in his spine,
his straight leg test was slow, and he complained of shooting pain in both legs. (Id.)
Dr. Bautista stated that when a patient presents with back pain that radiates down

the back of the leg, this signifies possible irritation or compression of the nerve root
in the lower spine. (Id. ¶ 40.) Based on Dr. Bautista’s education, training, and
experience, prescribing Neurontin for the treatment of plaintiff’s sciatica was
appropriate and within the standard of care based on plaintiff’s complaints and his
physical examination on July 3, 2019. (Id.)
At Dr. Bautista’s next visit with plaintiff, on July 22, 2019, Dr. Bautista

addressed plaintiff’s complaint about the Neurontin not lasting long enough by
increasing the dosage of the medication. (Id. ¶ 41.)
Dr. Bautista states that he did not see plaintiff again for complaints of back
pain until November 19, 2019.4 (Id. ¶ 42.) By that time, plaintiff had completed his

4 For reasons that are unclear, Dr. Bautista’s declaration does not reference his September
12, 2019 appointment with plaintiff, but it appears based on medical records attached to
plaintiff’s deposition that Dr. Bautista did treat plaintiff on that date. (See Dkt. No. 69-4 at
pg. 121.)
course of physical therapy. (Id.) At the November 19, 2019 visit, plaintiff reported
that the physical therapy had helped to loosen his back, which made his back feel
better. (Id. ¶ 43.) Plaintiff also had lost about 30 pounds since his last visit. (Id.) In

Dr. Bautista’s opinion, it was not unexpected for plaintiff to experience improvement
in his symptoms given the physical therapy and weight loss. (Id. ¶ 44.)
On January 27, 2020, plaintiff returned to the Healthcare Unit with
complaints that his back was symptomatic between Neurontin doses. (Id. ¶ 45.) Dr.
Bautista educated plaintiff to take both the Robaxin and Neurontin as directed and
to follow up in eight weeks. (Id.) The January 2020 visit was plaintiff’s last visit with
Dr. Bautista in which he complained of back pain. (Id. ¶ 46.)

Although plaintiff’s amended complaint alleged that he saw Dr. Bautista on
January 15, 2021, Dr. Bautista contends that he did not see plaintiff on that date.
(Id. ¶ 47.) It has always been Dr. Bautista’s practice to document any treatment
provided for a patient. (Id.) Based on this custom and practice, if Dr. Bautista had
seen Plaintiff on Jan. 15, 2021, Dr. Bautista maintains that there would have been a
progress note drafted and saved in his medical records. (Id.)

Dr. Bautista stated that based on his medical judgment, he provided plaintiff
with appropriate conservative treatment for his lower back pain. (Id. ¶ 48.) Dr.
Bautista further stated that it is the standard of care to exhaust conservative
treatment possibilities before considering alternative options. (Id. ¶ 49.)
Dr. Arthur Funk is Wexford’s Northern Illinois Regional Medical Director. (Id.
¶ 50.) In that role, Dr. Funk is familiar with the medical treatment provided by
Wexford personnel at IDOC prisons, including Stateville. (Id.)

For non-emergent conditions, inmates at IDOC prisons submit a written sick
call request slip or sign up for sick call on an available clipboard. (Id. ¶ 51.) Pursuant
to IDOC protocol, Wexford physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants
do not personally review written requests for medical attention. (Id. ¶ 52.) Instead,
any such written requests are typically screened and triaged by IDOC-employed
nurses who decide, consistent with nursing protocols developed by IDOC, what action
should be taken regarding the inmate’s request for medical attention. (Id.) Each

provider employed by Wexford has independent medical autonomy in the treatment
of patients based on their independent medical judgment, taking into consideration
each patient’s unique clinical picture. (Id. ¶ 53.)
Dr. Funk opined that a “step-wise, non-surgical approach” is consistent with
the community standard of care for management of low back pain such as that of
plaintiff. (Id. ¶ 54.) Since plaintiff’s fall from his bunk in February 2019, and

throughout his treatment, plaintiff reported minimally symptomatic low back pain
with sciatica. (Id. ¶ 55.) Plaintiff received patient education from his providers on the
signs and symptoms of the progression of his low back pain and was consistently
instructed to return to the Healthcare Unit on an as-needed basis. (Id. ¶ 56.)
Dr. Funk opined that based on plaintiff’s medical records, his medical
presentation, and reporting from the time plaintiff fell from his bunk in February
2019 to the time he was transferred from Stateville in March 2021, additional
imaging such as an MRI or a surgical consultation was not necessary, as plaintiff had
not exhausted the conservative treatment options for his occasional back pain with

sciatica. (Id. ¶ 57.) Dr. Funk did not see any medical evidence that Dr. Bautista
delayed, denied, or refused any medically necessary care for plaintiff. (Id. ¶ 58.) Dr.
Funk did not find any verifiable medical evidence that Dr. Bautista or any other
Wexford physician or medical provider, ever delayed, denied, or withheld any
reasonable or necessary medical care to Plaintiff for treatment of his minimally
symptomatic low back pain with sciatica. (Id. ¶ 59.)
LEGAL STANDARD

Summary judgment is appropriate when “there is no genuine dispute as to any
material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ.
P. 56(a). To determine when a genuine dispute of material fact exists, the Court must
assess the evidence in the record as presented in depositions, documents, affidavits
or declarations, and other materials. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1); A.V. Consultants, Inc. v.
Barnes, 978 F.2d 996, 999 (7th Cir. 1992).

The parties seeking summary judgment bear the initial burden of showing the
grounds for their motion. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986). Once they
have done so, “the burden shifts to the non-moving party to provide evidence of
specific facts creating a genuine dispute.” Carroll v. Lynch, 698 F.3d 561, 564 (7th
Cir. 2012). “A genuine issue of material fact exists only if ‘there is sufficient evidence
favoring the nonmoving party for a jury to return a verdict for that party.’” Brown v.
Osmundson, 38 F.4th 545, 549 (7th Cir. 2022) (quoting Anderson v. Liberty Lobby,
Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 249 (1986)).
The Court must construe all facts in the light most favorable to the non-moving

party and draw all legitimate inferences in favor of that party. Nat’l Athletic
Sportswear, Inc. v. Westfield Ins. Co., 528 F.3d 508, 512 (7th Cir. 2008). “A court’s role
is not to evaluate the weight of the evidence, to judge the credibility of witnesses, or
to determine the truth of the matter, but instead to determine whether there is a
genuine issue of triable fact.” Id. However, a bare contention by the non-moving party
that an issue of fact exists does not create a factual dispute, Bellaver v. Quanex Corp.,
200 F.3d 485, 492 (7th Cir. 2000), and the non-moving party is “only entitled to the

benefit of inferences supported by admissible evidence, not those supported by only
speculation or conjecture,” Grant v. Trs. of Ind. Univ., 870 F.3d 562, 568 (7th Cir.
2017) (cleaned up).
ANALYSIS
Defendants argue that they are entitled to summary judgment on all claims
because: (1) plaintiff failed to exhaust his administrative remedies; (2) plaintiff has

not brought forth sufficient evidence to support the required elements of his
deliberate indifference claim against Dr. Bautista; and (3) plaintiff failed to support
his medical negligence claims with the physician’s report required by Illinois law, 735
ILCS § 5/2-622.
A. Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies
The Prison Litigation Reform Act requires an inmate who brings a civil rights
complaint to first exhaust his available administrative remedies within the

correctional system. 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a); see, e.g., Crouch v. Brown, 27 F.4th 1315,
1320 (7th Cir. 2022); Barnes v. Briley, 420 F.3d 673, 677 (7th Cir. 2005). This
requirement is mandatory; “a court may not excuse a failure to exhaust.” Ross v.
Blake, 578 U.S. 632, 639 (2016). To fulfill the exhaustion requirement, an inmate
must comply with the procedures and deadlines established by the correctional
facility’s policies. Crouch, 27 F.4th at 1320; Hernandez v. Dart, 814 F.3d 836, 842 (7th
Cir. 2016). Because failure to exhaust is an affirmative defense, the burden is on the

defendant to prove that the plaintiff failed to exhaust an available administrative
remedy. Crouch, 27 F. 4th at 1320; Reid v. Balota, 962 F.3d 325, 329 (7th Cir. 2020).
Illinois regulations provide that grievances “shall contain factual details
regarding each aspect of the offender’s complaint, including what happened, when,
where and the name of each person who is the subject of or who is otherwise involved
in the complaint.” Ill. Admin. Code tit. 20, § 504.810(c). If the prisoner does not know

the names of the individuals involved, he must “include as much descriptive
information about the individual as possible.” Id. The requirement to provide a
description of what happened, when and where it happened, and identifying
information for the people involved is printed on the grievance form. (See Grievance
No. 11182, Dkt. No. 69-5, at pg. 1.) Defendants, citing this regulation, argue that the
only grievance Plaintiff has identified in connection with this case was insufficient to
alert prison officials that plaintiff was complaining about the quality of his care by
Dr. Bautista. (Defs.’ Mem., Dkt. 67 at pgs. 7–8.)
The purpose of the exhaustion requirement is to give prison officials notice of

a problem and a chance to correct it before they are subjected to a lawsuit. Schillinger
v. Kiley, 954 F.3d 990, 995–96 (7th Cir. 2020) (citing Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81,
89 (2006)). While Illinois regulations are not precise about the level of factual detail
required, a grievance generally suffices if it “alerts the prison to the nature of the
wrong for which redress is sought.” Strong v. David, 297 F.3d 646, 650 (7th Cir. 2002).
This does not require an inmate to provide specific facts or articulate legal theories.
Id. Rather, the prisoner must simply “object intelligibly to some asserted

shortcoming.” Id.; see also Maddox v. Love, 655 F.3d 709, 722 (7th Cir. 2011)
(grievance serves its function when it gives prison officials “a fair opportunity” to
address complaint).
The record reflects that the only grievance plaintiff filed in connection with
this case did not name Dr. Bautista or Wexford. (See Grievance Form, Dkt. 69-5.)
More importantly, it did not complain that plaintiff failed to receive appropriate

medical treatment after he fell out of his bunk. Id. Rather, while the grievance
mentions having been taken to the Healthcare Unit for treatment, the focus of
plaintiff’s complaint is on his allegation that IDOC officers knew that he was not
supposed to be assigned to a top bunk and should have called the Placement Office to
confirm this. Id.
Plaintiff’s responsive materials do not meaningfully address Defendants’
argument that the content of his grievance was insufficient to alert prison officials to
his complaint about Dr. Bautista’s care. Rather, Plaintiff simply outlines the steps

that he took to exhaust his grievance. (See Pl.’s Resp., Dkt. No. 72 at pg. 6.) Plaintiff
acknowledged during his deposition that the relevant grievance did not complain that
he failed to receive appropriate medical care after he fell out of the bunk. (See Pl.’s
Dep., Dkt. No. 69-4, at 79:2–81:9.) Plaintiff’s grievance, therefore, did not intelligibly
convey a shortcoming with Dr. Bautista’s treatment.
For this reason, defendants are entitled to summary judgment on exhaustion
grounds. See Shipp v. Lobenstein, Appeal No. 23-1923, 2023 WL 8868501, at *2 (7th

Cir. Dec. 22, 2023) (unreported) (prisoner failed to exhaust his administrative
remedies where grievance did not give notice that prisoner believed his transfer was
retaliatory); Al-Kassar v. McGee, No. 21-cv-01211, 2024 WL 578712, at *5 (S.D. Ill.
Feb. 13, 2024) (grievance and appeals that focused on need to identify individual who
hurt prisoner, rather than alleged denial of medical care, were insufficient to exhaust
medical deliberate indifference claim); Bray v. Fordson, No. 3:21-CV-191, 2022 WL

2905227, at *4 (S.D. Ill. July 22, 2022) (grievance that did “not even remotely suggest”
that prisoner was complaining about an officer’s failure to protect him was
insufficient to exhaust that claim).
B. Deliberate Indifference Claim Against Dr. Bautista
For the sake of completeness, the Court also addresses the merits of plaintiff’s
claims. To prevail on a claim of medical deliberate indifference, a prisoner must bring
forward evidence that: (1) he suffers from an objectively serious medical condition;
and (2) the defendant knew about his condition and the risk that it posed, but
disregarded that risk. Pyles v. Fahim, 771 F.3d 403, 409 (7th Cir. 2014). This requires

more than negligence or malpractice. Id. Rather, deliberate indifference may occur
when a prison health care provider ignores a request for medical care or when the
provider’s decisions substantially depart from accepted professional judgment. Petties
v. Carter, 836 F.3d 722, 728–29 (7th Cir. 2016). A substantial departure may occur
when a doctor fails to follow recommendations from a specialist, fails to follow
existing protocol, persists with a course of treatment that is ineffective, or
inexplicably delays treatment with no penological purpose. Id. at 729–30.

While Dr. Bautista takes the position that plaintiff’s lower back pain was not
an objectively serious medical condition, the bulk of his argument focuses on the lack
of evidence to support the subjective prong of the deliberate indifference inquiry.
Given that plaintiff received medication and physical therapy for the purpose of
treating his lower back, the Court will assume it to have been an objectively serious
medical condition. See Pyles, 771 F.3d at 409 (“A medical condition is objectively

serious if a physician has diagnosed it as requiring treatment, or the need for
treatment would be obvious to a layperson.”).
Plaintiff, however, has not come forward with evidence that Dr. Bautista was
deliberately indifferent to his lower back pain. Plaintiff points to an MRI of his
lumbar spine taken in February 2023, which showed severe degenerative change of
the L5-S1 disc space and adjacent endplates with bone marrow changes concerning
for discitis.5 (See Dkt. No. 71 at pgs. 1, 13.) Plaintiff apparently contends that Dr.
Bautista was deliberately indifferent because he failed to refer plaintiff for an MRI.
If he had done so, plaintiff believes that he could have already had surgery or

injections to address his lower back pain. (See Dkt. No. 72 at pg. 5; see also Pl.’s Dep.,
Dkt. No. 69-4, at 95:7–23.)
“An MRI is simply a diagnostic tool, and the decision to forego diagnostic tests
is a classic example of a matter for medical judgment.” Pyles, 771 F.3d at 411 (cleaned
up). This means that plaintiff is obligated to come forward with evidence from which
a jury could find that Dr. Bautista’s exercise of medical judgment in deciding not to
order an MRI “departed significantly from accepted professional norms.” Id.; see also

Lloyd v. Moats, 721 F. App’x 490, 494 (7th Cir. 2017) (unpublished) (delay in ordering
tests must be evaluated in light of the entire record to determine if it indicates
deliberate indifference). Plaintiff has not done so.
Here, the record shows that Dr. Bautista treated Plaintiff five times for his
complaints of lower back pain between July 3, 2019, and January 27, 2020. Dr.
Bautista diagnosed plaintiff with low back pain with sciatica, prescribed pain

medication and a muscle relaxer, and referred him to physical therapy. When
plaintiff complained that the pain medication was not lasting long enough to control
his pain, Dr. Bautista increased the dosage. Plaintiff reported to Dr. Bautista that
the physical therapy had loosened his back. There is no evidence that Dr. Bautista
failed to follow existing protocol, persisted with a course of treatment that was

5 Plaintiff testified that discitis, or an infection of the disc space between the vertebrae, was
later ruled out. (See Pl.’s Dep., Dkt. No. 69-4, at 101:7-16.)
ineffective, or inexplicably delayed treatment. Rather, the only evidence in the record
is that Dr. Bautista provided conservative treatment for low back pain with sciatica
that was consistent with the standard of care. Plaintiff concedes that he has

“progressively worsening chronic back pain.” (See Dkt. No. 72 at pg. 3.) That an MRI
more than three years after Dr. Bautista last treated Plaintiff for lower back pain
showed degenerative changes that may require surgery or injections does not indicate
deliberate indifference.
In this regard, “an inmate is not entitled to demand specific care,” and medical
professionals may choose from a range of acceptable options. Walker v. Wexford
Health Sources, Inc., 940 F.3d 954, 965 (7th Cir. 2019); see also Lloyd, 721 F. App’x

at 494–95 (prisoner’s disagreement with course of treatment does not show deliberate
indifference); Peate v. McCann, 294 F.3d 879, 882 (7th Cir. 2002) (observing that
“mere failure . . . to choose the best course of action” does not violate the Constitution).
Doctors’ treatment decisions are entitled to deference “unless there is evidence that
no minimally competent professional would have so responded under those
circumstances.” Walker, 940 F.3d at 965 (cleaned up). Plaintiff points to no such

evidence.
Finally, when an inmate brings a deliberate indifference claim based on delays
in treatment, he must point to “verifying medical evidence” that the delay, rather
than the underlying condition, caused him harm. See McMillen v. Wexford Health
Sources, Inc., Appeal No. 23-1836, 2025 WL 2543981, at *2 (7th Cir. Sept. 4, 2025)
(unreported) (citing Arce v. Wexford Health Sources, Inc., 75 F.4th 673, 680 (7th Cir.
2023)). This means evidence that tends to confirm or corroborate a claim that the
delay was detrimental. Williams v. Liefer, 491 F.3d 710, 714–15 (7th Cir. 2007). A
plaintiff’s own testimony that he experienced untreated symptoms during the delay

does not suffice. Lisle v. Eovaldi, No. 16-cv-00422, 2020 WL 1287947, at *7 (S.D. Ill.
Mar. 18, 2020) (citing Johnson v. Obaisi, No. 16-cv-4046, 2020 WL 433872, at *7 (N.D.
Ill. Jan. 28, 2020)). Plaintiff points to nothing in his medical records that indicates
the treatment decisions by Dr. Bautista were detrimental or that a delay in receiving
an MRI caused him harm.
For these reasons, Dr. Bautista is entitled to summary judgment on the merits
of Plaintiff’s deliberate indifference claim.

C. Medical Negligence Claims6
In allowing plaintiff’s medical negligence claims to proceed at screening, Judge
Blakey instructed plaintiff that, when bringing a claim for medical negligence under
Illinois law, the Healing Art Malpractice Act, 735 ILCS § 5/2-622(a), requires a
plaintiff to file a physician’s statement attesting that the medical negligence claim
has merit. (Dkt. No. 20 at pg. 4.) He warned plaintiff that failure to file such a report

by the summary judgment stage may result in dismissal of such a claim. Young v.
United States, 942 F.3d 349, 351–52 (7th Cir. 2019).

6 The Court is exercising supplemental jurisdiction over this claim. See 28 U.S.C. § 1367(a).
Generally, when all federal claims are dismissed before trial, the presumption is that the
court will relinquish jurisdiction over any supplemental state-law claims. RWJ Mgmt. Co. v.
BP Prods. N. Am., Inc., 672 F.3d 476, 479–80 (7th Cir. 2012). That presumption may be
overcome when substantial judicial resources already have been committed to the claim or
when the disposition of the claim is “absolutely clear.” See id. at 480. Both circumstances
apply here, so the Court will not relinquish jurisdiction over this claim.
Plaintiff’s only attempt to comply with this requirement was to sign the
February 21, 2023 MRI report, label it “Physician Report and Affidavit,” and have it
notarized. (See Dkt. No. 71 at pgs. 14–15.) This does not comply with the statute,

which requires an affidavit supported by a physician’s report indicating that “there
is a reasonable and meritorious cause” for litigation. Young, 942 F.3d at 350 (citing
735 ILCS 5/2-622). In Young, the Seventh Circuit rejected an argument that medical
records themselves can suffice to meet this requirement. See id. at 352.
The medical records at issue in that case did not comply with the statute
because they did not indicate that the doctors making the records had reviewed all of
plaintiff’s medical records, that there was a “reasonable and meritorious cause” for

filing a medical malpractice action, or the reasons for such a conclusion. Id; see also
Ortiz v. United States, No. 13 C 7626, 2014 WL 642426, at *3 (N.D. Ill. Feb. 19, 2014)
(collecting Illinois cases and observing that the report “must describe both the
deficiencies in medical care that gave rise to the plaintiff’s claim and the reviewing
professional’s reasoning” and “must state either the standard of care or an
appropriate alterative course of treatment”). The MRI report signed by plaintiff does

not satisfy the requirements of the statute. Defendants therefore are entitled to
summary judgment on this claim as well.
* * *
For all of the foregoing reasons, defendants’ motion for summary judgment is
granted in its entirety. Final judgment will be entered. If plaintiff wishes to appeal,
he must file a notice of appeal with this Court within thirty days of the entry of
judgment. See Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1). If plaintiff appeals, he will be liable for the $605
appellate filing fee regardless of the appeal’s outcome. See Evans v. Ill. Dept of Corr.,
150 F.3d 810, 812 (7th Cir. 1998). If the appeal is found to be non-meritorious,
plaintiff could be assessed a “strike” under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). If a prisoner
accumulates three “strikes” because three federal cases or appeals have been
dismissed as frivolous or malicious, or for failure to state a claim, the prisoner may
not file suit in federal court without pre-paying the filing fee unless he is in imminent
danger of serious physical injury. Jbid. If plaintiff seeks leave to proceed in forma
pauperis on appeal, he must file a motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis in
this Court stating the issues he intends to present on appeal. See Fed. R. App. P.
24(a)(1).
CONCLUSION
Defendants’ motion for summary judgment [67] is granted. The Clerk is
directed to: (1) correct Dr. Bautista’s name on the docket; and (2) enter final judgment
and send a copy of this order to Plaintiff. Civil case terminated.

DATE: 11/3/25 “eae
Georgia N. Alexakis
United States District Judge

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11196591. Public record. Not legal advice.