# Schuetz

> District Court, E.D. Louisiana · October 23, 2025

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11176746

## Case

- **Full name:** Marc Washington v. Tom Schuetz, et al.
- **Court:** District Court, E.D. Louisiana
- **Decided:** October 23, 2025
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

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## Opinion text

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA

MARC WASHINGTON CIVIL ACTION
VERSUS CASE NO. 25-1837
TOM SCHUETZ, et al. SECTION: “G”(4)
ORDER AND REASONS

Before the Court is Defendant Avis Budget Car Rental, LLC’s (“Avis”) “Memorandum in
Support of the Amount in Controversy” (hereinafter, the “Memorandum”).1 This litigation arises
out of Plaintiff Marc Washington’s (“Plaintiff”) claims for damages following a motor vehicle
accident against Defendants Avis Budget Car Rental, LLC and Tom Schuetz (collectively,
“Defendants”).2 Plaintiff originally filed this action in state court, but Avis removed the case to
this Court, asserting diversity jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332.3 Upon review of the
pleadings and the Memorandum this Court has determined that it does not have subject matter
jurisdiction over this matter. Accordingly, the Court remands the case to the 23rd Judicial District
Court for the Parish of Assumption.
I. Background
Plaintiff alleges that on or about August 20, 2024, he was traveling Eastbound on LA
Highway 182, when a 2024 Volkswagen Jetta, owned by Avis, and operated by Tom Schuetz,
traveling Westbound “crossed into [Plaintiff’s] lane of travel and collided with the front end of

1 Rec. Doc. 6.
2 Rec. Doc. 1-3.
3 Id.
[his] 2003 Ford F-Series truck.”4 Plaintiff alleges mental and physical injuries,5 including radiating
pain to his neck and back and shooting pain down both of his legs.6
On January 14, 2025, Plaintiff filed suit in the 23rd Judicial District Court for the Parish,
claiming that Defendant Tom Schuetz was negligent in “[f]ailing to maintain control of his
vehicle; [f]ailure to see what should have been seen; [r]eckless and careless operation of a motor

vehicle; and [v]iolation of state and municipal statutes, including but not limited to improper lane
usage.”7 Plaintiff claims that Avis was negligent in “[a]llowing an individual whom it knew or
should have known was not capable of operating its vehicle safely under the prevailing
circumstances to do so [and f]ailing to properly and adequately supervise and instruct the driver
of its vehicle in the safe, proper, and lawful operation thereof[.]”8 Plaintiff seeks damages for
past, present and future: pain and suffering; medical expenses; loss of enjoyment of life; mental
anguish; lost wages; loss of earning capacity; and humiliation, embarrassment and
inconvenience.9 Additionally, Plaintiff seeks damages for property damage and loss of use of his
vehicle.10

On September 5, 2025, Avis removed this case to federal court, asserting diversity
jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332.11 In the Notice of Removal, Avis avers that Plaintiff’s

4 Id. at 1.
5 Id.
6 Rec. Doc. 6 at 2.
7 Rec. Doc. 1-3 at 2.
8 Id. at 2–3.
9 Id. at 2.
10 Id.
11 Rec. Doc. 1.
claims are likely to exceed $75,000.00.12 However, on September 10, 2025, this Court ordered
Defendant Avis to submit summary-judgment-type evidence regarding the amount in
controversy.13
In the Memorandum, Avis details the medical treatment that Plaintiff has received.14 After
the accident, on August 20, 2024, Plaintiff visited Ochsner St. Mary Hospital where he reported

neck and back pain and was prescribed Flexeril.15 Next, Plaintiff was treated at Houma-Thibodaux
Spine & Rehabilitation from August 27, 2024 through October 28, 2024.16 There he underwent
ten physical therapy sessions after being diagnosed with “radiculopathy (cervical region), sciatica,
contracture of muscle, sprain of ligaments to the cervical spine, lumbar spine and thoracic
spine[.]”17 On November 26, 2024, Plaintiff had a lumbar MRI that showed a partial disc
desiccation at L4-5 and L5-S1, a disc bulge at L3-4, a disc herniation at L4-5 and L5-S1, facet
hypertrophy at L3-4, L4-5 and L5-S1, and fluid was identified at L3-4, L4-5 and L5-S1.18 On
January 6, 2025, Plaintiff began treatment with Dr. Andrew Todd at Southern Orthopaedic
Specialists.19 Dr. Todd noted that Plaintiff is a candidate for a microdiscectomy.20 On July 1, 2025,
Plaintiff underwent an epidural steroid injection.21

12 Id.
13 Rec. Doc. 4.
14 Id.
15 Id. at 3.
16 Id.
17 Id.
18 Id.
19 Id.
20 Id.
21 Id.
III. Legal Standard
A. Removal
A defendant may generally remove a civil action filed in state court if the federal court has
original jurisdiction over the action.22 The removing party bears the burden of demonstrating that
federal jurisdiction exists.23 In assessing whether removal was appropriate, the Court is guided by

the principle, grounded in notions of comity and the recognition that federal courts are courts of
limited jurisdiction, that “removal statute[s] should be strictly construed in favor of remand.”24
Even if the plaintiff does not file a motion to remand, the Court must address the jurisdiction issue
sua sponte since a “party may neither consent to nor waive federal subject matter jurisdiction.”25
“[S]ubject matter delineations must be policed by the courts on their own initiative.”26 The Court
must remand the case to state court “[i]f at any time before final judgment it appears that the district
court lacks subject matter jurisdiction.”27
B. Amount in Controversy

Under Fifth Circuit law, a removing defendant’s burden of showing that the amount in
controversy is sufficient to support federal jurisdiction differs depending on whether the plaintiff's
complaint alleges a specific amount of monetary damages.28 When the plaintiff alleges a damage
figure in excess of the required amount in controversy, “that amount controls if made in good

22 See 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a).
23 See Allen v. R&H Oil & Gas Co., 63 F.3d 1326, 1335 (5th Cir. 1995).
24 Manguno v. Prudential Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co., 276 F.3d 720, 723 (5th Cir. 2002).
25 Simon v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 193 F.3d 848, 850 (5th Cir. 1999).
26 Gasch v. Hartford Acc. & Idem. Co., 491 F.3d 278, 281 (5th Cir. 2007) (quoting Ruhrgas AG v. Marathon
Oil Co., 526 U.S. 574, 583, 119 S. Ct. 1563, 143 L. Ed. 2d 760 (1999)).
27 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c).
28 See Allen, 63 F.3d at 1335.
faith.”29 If the plaintiff pleads damages less than the jurisdictional amount, this figure will also
generally control, barring removal.30 “Thus, in the typical diversity case, the plaintiff remains the
master of his complaint.”31
Louisiana law ordinarily does not allow a plaintiff to plead a specific amount of damages.32
A plaintiff is, however, permitted to make “a general allegation that the claim exceeds or is less

than” a particular amount if making such an allegation is necessary to establish the lack of
jurisdiction of federal courts due to insufficiency of damages.33 When, as here, the plaintiff has
alleged an indeterminate amount of damages, the Fifth Circuit requires the removing defendant to
prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000.34 A
defendant satisfies this burden either “(1) by demonstrating that it is facially apparent that the
claims are likely above $75,000, or (2) by setting forth facts in controversy—preferably in the
removal petition, but sometimes by affidavit—that support a finding of the requisite amount.”35
The defendant must do more than point to a state law that might allow the plaintiff to recover more
than the jurisdictional minimum; the defendant must submit evidence that establishes that the
actual amount in controversy exceeds $75,000.36 Finally, the jurisdictional facts that support

29 Id. (citing St. Paul Mercury Indem. Co. v. Red Cab Co., 303 U.S. 283, 289 (1938)).
30 Id.
31 Id.
32 See La. Code Civ. P. art. 893.
33 Id.
34 Gebbia v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 233 F.3d 880, 882 (5th Cir. 2000); see also Simon, 193 F.3d at 850; Allen,
63 F.3d at 1335.
35 Simon, 193 F.3d at 850 (quoting Luckett v. Delta Airlines, Inc., 171 F.3d 295 (5th Cir. 1999)); see also
Allen, 63 F.3d at 1335.
36 See De Aguilar v. Boeing Co., 47 F.3d 1404, 1412 (5th Cir. 1995).
removal “must be judged at the time of the removal, and any post-petition affidavits are allowable
only if relevant to that period of time.”37
IV. Analysis
There is no dispute that there is complete diversity.38 Accordingly, the only issue regarding
whether the court has diversity jurisdiction is whether the amount in controversy has been satisfied

under 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a). “Courts have routinely held that pleading general categories of
damages, such as ‘pain and suffering, disability, lost wages, loss of earning capacity, medical
expenses, etc.,’ without any indication of the amount of the damages sought, does not provide
sufficient information for the removing defendant to meet his burden of proving that the amount
in controversy is satisfied under the ‘facially apparent’ test.”39 “When . . . the petition is vague
regarding the types of injuries incurred and any future problems resulting from the incident, ‘the
court must conclude that it was not facially apparent’ that the amount of damages would exceed
$75,000.”40
The Petition alleges that Plaintiff “suffered physical and mental injuries,” but it does not
provide sufficient facts to determine the severity of the injuries.41 Without any additional detail,

the Court is unable to quantify the potential amount of recovery for any of these categories. In the
absence of additional factual assertions regarding the extent or nature of the actual physical injuries

37 Allen, F.3d at 1335.
38 Plaintiff is a citizen of Louisiana. (Rec. Doc. 1) Schuetz is a citizen of Florida (Rec. Doc. 1). Avis is a
citizen of Delaware. (Rec. Doc. 1).
39 Thomas v. Louis Dreyfus Commodities, L.L.C., No. 15-394-SDD-RLB, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 45309, at
*8, (M.D. La. Mar. 11, 2016) report and recommendation adopted, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 44977 (M.D. La. Apr. 1
2016) (citing Davis v. JK & T Wings, Inc., No. 11-501, 2012 WL 278728, at *3 (M.D. La. Jan. 6, 2012)).
40 Thomas, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 45309, at *8 (citing Dunomes v. Trinity Marine Products, Inc., No. 14-
1968, 2014 WL 7240158, at *4 (E.D. La. Dec. 19, 2014) (internal citation omitted)).
41 Rec. Doc. 1-3 at 1.
suffered, the Petition does not provide enough information for the Court to conclude that the
amount in controversy is facially apparent.42
As the amount in controversy requirement is not facially apparent, the Court now turns to
whether Avis has submitted facts in controversy supporting a finding of the jurisdictional
minimum. Avis argues that it has met its burden of establishing that the amount in controversy

exceeds $75,000 and further, that Louisiana federal courts have found injures similar to Plaintiff’s
to be sufficient to establish the requisite amount in controversy.
First, even though Avis maintains that Plaintiff’s damages exceed the required federal
amount, Plaintiff’s medical expenses at the time of removal were $19,717.36—well below the
$75,000 jurisdictional minimum.43 In the September 10 Jurisdictional Briefing Order, the Court
explained that it was not facially apparent from the Petition nor the Notice of Removal that
Plaintiff’s injuries exceed $75,000.44 Neither “provides any information on the total value of
damages other than Plaintiff’s invoices for $19,717.36 in past medical expenses and alleging that
‘Plaintiff was also recommended a microdiscectomy.’”45 Avis has similarly failed to show that it

is facially apparent that Plaintiff’s claims are over $75,000 in the Memorandum.
Avis asserts that Plaintiff’s medical treatment is ongoing and to date Plaintiff has incurred
$23,415.38 in medical expenses.46 Although Plaintiff may be continuing treatment with his doctor,
Avis does not estimate the cost of Plaintiff’s ongoing treatment or the cost of potential future
treatment. Similarly, even if Plaintiff’s medical costs increased, the amount in controversy must

42 See Simon v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 193 F.3d 848, 850 (5th Cir. 1999).
43 Rec. Doc. 1 at 4.
44 Rec. Doc. 4 at 4.
45 Id. at 3 (citing Rec. Doc. 1).
46 Rec. Doc. 6 at 4.
be determined at the time of removal.
Additionally, Avis has not provided sufficient facts to support a finding of the requisite
amount. Avis states twice that Dr. Todd has noted that Plaintiff is a candidate for a
microdiscectomy, but it is unclear whether Plaintiff will undergo such treatment.47 The Fifth
Circuit has indicated that future medical expenses are relevant to calculating the amount in

controversy.48 Avis argues that the court in Thomas v. Louis Dreyfus Commodities, LLC found that
the plaintiff met the amount in controversy, even in the absence of surgical recommendations, due
to medical records indicating a diagnoses of herniated or bulging lumbar discs and medical costs
totaling $26,637.57.49
Thomas is distinguishable because in addition to the medical costs, the plaintiff set forth
“a total of $29,067.97 in worker’s compensation payments [that] had been made on plaintiff’s
behalf.”50 Therefore, the total of the compensatory damages above of $55,705.54 supported a
finding of the jurisdictional minimum due to the likelihood of the plaintiff’s continuing damages
exceeding the $19,294.46 needed to reach the threshold amount.

In this case, Plaintiff’s current compensatory damages are significantly lower than the
incurred damages in Thomas. Avis has not provided any evidence of monetary damages aside from
incurred medical costs, which, as noted above, fail to meet the requisite amount. Even so, Avis has
not provided any evidence of the likelihood that Plaintiff will undergo a microdiscectomy nor the
projected costs of such a surgery.51

47 Rec. Doc. 6 at 3–4.
48 See Robinson v. Wal-Mart Stores Tex., L.L.C., 561 Fed. App’x 417, n.2 (5th Cir. 2014) (per curiam) (noting
that plaintiff's "future medical expenses are relevant to calculating the amount in controversy").
49 Thomas, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 45309, at *4.
50 Id.
51 See Loftin v. Hughes, 14-1608, 2014 WL 3893313, at *4 (E.D. La. Aug. 7, 2014) (Brown, J.) ("[T]he future
Next, Avis sets out that Plaintiff claims damages for past, present and future pain and
suffering; past, present and future lost wages; and property damages in addition to past medical
expenses account for the deficit.52 However, Avis must “do more than show that certain categories
of damages could potentially bring the amount in controversy over $75,000…”53 Courts have
remanded cases “in which plaintiffs failed to plead permanent disability or that their injuries

required surgery, even when plaintiffs included claims such as lost wages, medical expenses, and
past and future mental and physical pain and suffering.”54 “[T]he types of damages alleged by [the
plaintiff] generally assist in establishing the amount in controversy require[d] by § 1332, such
allegations alone, unaccompanied by pertinent factual detail, ‘simply provide[ ] the usual and
customary damages set forth by personal injury plaintiffs and do[ ] not provide the Court with any
guidance as to the actual monetary amount of damages [the plaintiff has] incurred.’”55
The Court notes that Plaintiff alleges lost wages, property damage, and pain and suffering
damages.56 However, Avis has provided no information regarding the amount of Plaintiff’s wages,
how much income Plaintiff has lost, or the extent of the damage to Plaintiff’s vehicle. Furthermore,

treatments suggested by Plaintiffs' physicians are only possibilities," and "[d]efendants provide no information
regarding the likelihood that any Plaintiff will undergo these possible procedures.").
52 Rec. Doc. 6 at 4.
53 Steed v. Chubb Nat’l Ins. Co., No. 15-6511, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12739, at *9 (E.D. La. Feb. 2, 2016).
54 Buchana v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., No. 99 2783, 1999 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 18113, 1999 WL 1044336, at *3
(E.D. La. Nov. 17, 1999); see Loftin, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 109809, at *3–4. In Loftin, the plaintiffs filed a negligence
claim following a motor vehicle accident and claimed property damage, physical pain and suffering, loss of income.
On defendants’ motion to remand, this Court noted that defendants failed to provide information concerning the
plaintiffs hourly wage, how much time the any of the plaintiffs has lost from work, or the extent of damage to the
vehicle. For those reasons, this Court held that the defendants failed to show that plaintiffs’ damages would more than
likely not meet the jurisdictional threshold.
55 Gallin v. Tyson Foods, et al., No. 18-10134, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 109043, at *7–8 (E.D. La. June 25,
2019) (alterations in original in part).
56 Rec. Doc. 1-3 at 2.
pain and suffering damages are “inherently speculative and difficult to quantify.”57 For those
reasons, Avis has failed to show that the damages listed above would more likely than not meet
the jurisdictional threshold.
Avis cites cases from the federal courts of Louisiana to assert that the nature of Plaintiff’s
injuries establishes the required jurisdictional amount.58 However, the inquiry into whether a

plaintiff’s damage reach the jurisdictional threshold is “highly fact-specific … especially when the
plaintiff has a herniated disc, among other alleged injuries.”59 Avis’s argument that similar injuries
have resulted in “$50,000 to $60,000 range of general damages for herniated discs” only suggests
“that a general range of damages exists for cases involving similar injuries.”60 Even if the nature
of Plaintiff’s injury could potentially bring the amount in controversy over $75,000, the Court
finds that, in this case, Avis has failed to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that Plaintiff's
claim will exceed $75,000.61 Accordingly,

57 Griffin v. Winn-Dixie Montgomery, No. 14-1162, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 71069, at *8 (E.D. La. May 22,
2014).
58 Rec. Doc. 6 at 4.
59 Gallin, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 109043, at *10 (noting that courts have “repeatedly held that unoperated
herniated discs do not meet the jurisdictional minimum.”).
60 Rec. Doc. 6 at 4; Hill v. Alford, No. 17-15737, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 21563, at *10 (E.D. La. Feb 9,
2018).
61 See Guzman v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., No. 08-1440, 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 44018, at *5 (E.D.
La. June 2, 2008); see also Higgins v. Ace Am. Ins. Co., No. 24-969, 2024 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 96856 (E.D. La. May 31,
2024); Moorhouse v. Liberty Cnty. Mut. Ins. Co., No. 23-1198, 2023 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 87041 (E.D. La. May 18,
2023); Williams v. Wal-Mart La., LLC, No. 16-00191-BAJ-EWD, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 124925 (M.D. La. Aug. 16,
2016); Jackson v. Continental Casualty Co., No. 06-10938, 2007 WL 782190 (E.D. La. Mar. 12, 2007); St. Pierre v.
Miers, No. 06-938, 2006 WL 980675 (E.D. La. Apr. 10, 2006).
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the above-captioned matter is remanded to the 23rd
Judicial District Court for the Parish of Assumption.
NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, this 23! day of October, 2025.

SANNEI □□ J st BROWN
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

11

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11176746. Public record. Not legal advice.