# Metz v. Commissioner of Social Security

> District Court, N.D. Ohio · July 22, 2025

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11105583

## Case

- **Court:** District Court, N.D. Ohio
- **Decided:** July 22, 2025
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

## Citator (automated)

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## How later opinions describe it (automated extraction)

- rejecting the argument that “the ALJ’s [residual functional capacity] lacks substantial evidence because no physician opined that [the claimant] was capable of light work”

## Opinion text

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO
EASTERN DIVISION

DANIEL W. METZ, ) CASE NO. 1:24-CV-01671-SL
)
Plaintiff, )
) JUDGE SARA LIOI
vs. ) UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
)
COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL ) MAGISTRATE JUDGE
SECURITY, ) JONATHAN D. GREENBERG
)
Defendant. ) REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION
)
)

Plaintiff, Daniel W. Metz (“Plaintiff” or “Metz”), challenges the final decision of Defendant, Frank
Bisignano,1 Commissioner of Social Security (“Commissioner”), denying his applications for Period of
Disability (“POD”) and Disability Insurance Benefits (“DIB”) under Title II of the Social Security Act, 42
U.S.C. §§ 416(i), 423, 1381 et seq. (“Act”). This Court has jurisdiction pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g).
This case is before the undersigned United States Magistrate Judge pursuant to an automatic referral under
Local Rule 72.2(b) for a Report and Recommendation. For the reasons set forth below, the Magistrate Judge
recommends that the Commissioner’s final decision be AFFIRMED.
I. PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On October 6, 2020, Metz filed an application for POD, DIB, alleging a disability onset date of May
1, 20182 and claiming he was disabled due to anxiety, depression, PTSD, ADHD, Restless Leg Syndrome,

1 On May 7, 2025, Frank Bisignano became the Commissioner of Social Security.

2 Metz subsequently amended the disability onset date to November 30, 2019. (Transcript (“Tr.”) 45.) The
amended alleged onset date is the date after an Administrative Law Judge issued an unfavorable decision
concerning Metz’s prior application for POD, DIB, and SSI. (Id.) Thus, the relevant period under
Borderline Personality Dependent Disorder, mood disorder, high blood pressure, irregular heart rate, and
agoraphobia. (Tr. 81.) The applications were denied initially and upon reconsideration, and Metz requested
a hearing before an administrative law judge (“ALJ”). (Id. at 90, 99.)
On April 26, 2023, an ALJ held a hearing, during which Metz, represented by counsel, and an

impartial vocational expert (“VE”) testified. (Id. at 40-63.) On October 11, 2023, the ALJ issued a written
decision finding Metz was not disabled. (Id. at 17-39.) The ALJ’s decision became final on August 5, 2024,
when the Appeals Council declined further review. (Id. at 1-3.)
On September 30, 2024, Metz filed his Complaint to challenge the Commissioner’s final decision.
(Doc. No. 1.) The parties have completed briefing in this case. (Doc. Nos. 7, 9, 10.) Metz asserts the
following assignments of error:
(1) The ALJ erred when she failed to support and/or address consistency with her
conclusions regarding the opinions of the treating and reviewing sources.

(2) The ALJ committed harmful error when she failed to properly apply the criteria
of Social Security Ruling 16-3p and failed to find that the intensity, persistence
and limiting effects of Plaintiff’s symptoms precluded him from engaging in
substantial gainful activity on a full-time and sustained basis.

(Doc. No. 7 at 1.)
II. EVIDENCE
A. Personal and Vocational Evidence
Metz was born in 1991 and was 32 years-old at the time of his administrative hearing (Tr. 32),
making him a “younger” person under Social Security regulations. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1563(c),
416.963(c). He has a high school education. (Tr. 89, 32.) He has past relevant work as a collections clerk.
(Id. at 32.)

consideration is November 30, 2019, the revised alleged on-set date, through June 30, 2021, the date last
insured.
B. Relevant Medical Evidence3
From September 30, 20184 to October 5, 2018, Metz was admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit
due to suicidal ideation. (Id. at 424-425.)
On March 23, 2019, Anthony Shumway, PMHNP-BC completed a “Mental Medical Source

Statement.” (Id. at 1299-1302.) Shumway cited extreme anxiety and worry, severe distractibility, poor
focus, forgetfulness, severe agoraphobia, panic attacks, decreased self-esteem, insecurity, codependency,
mood swings, irritability, and fear of leaving the house as clinical findings demonstrating the severity of
Metz’s mental impairment and symptoms. (Id. at 1299.) Shumway indicated Metz’s current Global
Assessment of Functioning (“GAF”) score as 60 to 65, and his lowest GAF score of the past year as 60 to
65. (Id.) Shumway opined Metz was “unable to meet competitive standards” in the following areas:
 remember work-like procedures;
 maintain attention for two-hour segments;
 sustain an ordinary routine without special supervision;
 work in coordination with or proximity to others without being unduly distracted; make
simple work-related decisions;
 complete a normal workday and workweek without interruptions from psychologically based
symptoms;
 perform at a consistent pace without an reasonable number and length of rest periods;
 accept instructions and respond appropriately to criticism from supervisors;
 get along with coworkers or peers without unduly distracting them or exhibiting behavioral
extremes;
 respond appropriately to changes in a routine work setting; deal with normal work stress;
 understand and remember detailed instructions, carry out detailed instructions, set realistic
goals or make plans independently of others;
 deal with stress of semiskilled and skilled work;
 interact appropriately with the general public;
 maintain socially appropriate behavior; and use public transportation

3 The Court’s recitation of the medical evidence is not intended to be exhaustive and is limited to the
evidence cited in the parties’ Briefs.

4 The parties cite to medical evidence dated 2018 and March 2019. (See Doc. No. 7 at pp. 2, 3-4, 14, 15;
Doc. No. 9 at pp. 3-4.) These records pre-date Metz’s alleged onset date and are thus of limited relevance.
Gore v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.., No. 5:20-CV-341, 2021 WL 3673196, at *4 (N.D. Ohio Aug. 19, 2021)(citing
Lorrison v. Berryhill, No. 18-cv-10289, 2019 WL 1324247, at *6 (E.D. Mich. Mar. 25, 2019).
(Id. at 1300, 1301). Shumway opined Metz was “seriously limited, but not precluded” in the following areas:
 understand and remember very short and simple instructions;
 carry out very short and simple instructions;
 ask simple questions or request assistance;
 be aware of normal hazards and take appropriate precautions;
 adhere to basic standards of neatness and cleanliness

(Id.). Shumway opined Metz had “limited but satisfactory” ability to maintain regular attendance and be
punctual within customary, usually strict tolerances. (Id. at 1300.) In support of his assessment, Shumway
cited:
Significant distractibility, severe distress, anxiety and panic attacks when
out in public, decreased self-esteem/confidence, co-dependency on partner
“John”, mood swings, irritability, very forgetful, thought process
circumstantial – tangential, second guesses himself, unable to effectively
communicate or interact with customers or general public without
significant distress, fear, or getting upset, extremely low frustration
tolerance, fear of speaking up, unable to make phone calls or pay bills
without assistance from life partner “John”, inability to accept criticism
without significant distress and worry.

(Id. at 1301.) He went on to cite poor focus and concentration, indecision, easily distracted and forgetful,
fear of public, and easily overwhelmed and discouraged. (Id. at 1301.) Shumway thought Metz would have
difficulty working at a regular job on a sustained basis due to history of confrontation with customers and
supervisors during previous employment, history of morbid preoccupation and passive self-injurious
behavior, and lack of insight as to how his symptoms and behaviors are perceived by others. (Id. at 1302.)
On November 23, 2019, Metz had a follow up appointment with Shumway. (Id. at 491.) Metz
reported doing “horrible” and feeling more depressed following his disability hearing with a judge that did
not go as he wished. (Id. at 492.) He reported feeling more depressed since the day of the hearing. (Id. at
492-3.)
On March 13, 2020, Metz had a follow up appointment with Shumway. (Id. at 504.) Metz reported
his mood to be “pretty good” except for one Sunday when he felt a “random hopeless feeling, but that went
away.” (Id. at 506.) He denied crying spells but was more irritable due to “Paxil withdrawal.” (Id.) Metz
stated Clonidine helped with restlessness and the ability to get more done around the house. (Id.) He denied
thoughts of self-injury. (Id.) His diagnoses at this time included Major Depressive Disorder, Insomnia,
Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Tachycardia, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (“ADHD”), Restless
Leg Syndrome, Vitamin D Deficiency, Dependent Personality Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder,

Agoraphobia with Panic Disorder, and Borderline Personality Disorder. (Id. at 516.)
On July 11, 2020, Metz had a follow up appointment with Shumway. (Id. at 517.) Metz reported a
scared and depressed mood due to current events. (Id. at 519.) He had not left his apartment in weeks except
to get a pet groundhog squirrel. (Id.) He reported feeling less restless but still had some fidgetiness. (Id.)
His focus and attention were “ok” but sometimes he gets “stuck” on something. (Id.) Metz reported painting
and found it therapeutic to get his feelings out on canvas. (Id.)
On November 17, 2020, Metz had a follow up appointment with Shumway. (Id. at 547.) Metz
reported his depression at four out of ten and his anxiety at a four out of ten. (Id. at 548-49.) He denied
angry outbursts. (Id. at 549.) He reported one nightmare and no flashbacks. (Id.)

On December 18, 2020, Metz had a follow up appointment with Shumway. (Id. at 578.) Metz
reported being “miserable” because he caught his fiancé talking to other men and the death of a friend. (Id.
at 579.) He reported crying spells and avoiding his fiancé. (Id.) He reported elevated anxiety, with panic
attacks nearly every day, due to current stressors. (Id. at 580.) Metz stated he was afraid to leave the house
due to COVID-19. (Id.)
On February 13, 2021, Metz had a follow up appointment with Shumway. (Id. at 597.) Metz reported
doing well and rated his current level of depression to be zero out of ten. (Id. at 598-9.) He stated at its
worst, his depression is a four out of ten. (Id. at 599.) He reported crying spells and feeling hopelessness
“once in a while.” (Id.) Metz reported displaying his artwork on TikTok and doing meditations through
“The Monroe Institute.” (Id. at 598.) He stated he enjoys “painting, artwork, making paper weights, making
ouji boards, [and was] considering selling some of his artwork, products on Etsy.” (Id.) Metz reported his
anxiety was “all over the place” but denied panic attacks since his last appointment. (Id.) A mental status
examination revealed euthymic affect, “calm, laughing, smiling frequently . . .” (Id. at 603.) He had good
eye contact, clear speech, and normal memory. (Id.) He had fair insight, judgment, and concentration. (Id.

at 603-604.) His anxiety was “mild-none”. (Id. at 604.)
On March 9, 2021, Metz had a follow up appointment with Shumway. (Id. at 620.) Metz reported
doing ok overall. (Id. at 621.) His medications remained “efficacious”. (Id.) He reported feeling “a bit more
restless” after running out of a medication, but otherwise denied side effects of his medications. (Id.) He
reported “some” depression and manageable anxiety, reporting one panic attack per week. (Id. at 622.) He
reported having an “angry outburst” about once per week. (Id.) He denied nightmares, flashbacks, and
obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. (Id.)
On April 10, 2021, Metz had a follow up appointment with Shumway. (Id. at 644.) Metz reported
“doing good overall” and his medications remain “efficacious”. (Id. at 645.) He reported some depressed

feelings and some anxiety around communications with his mother. (Id. at 645-46.) A mental status
examination revealed full affect, euthymic mood, normal memory, fair attention, and fair insight and
judgment. (Id. at 649.)
On May 11, 2021, Metz had a follow up appointment with Shumway. (Id. at 766.) Metz reported
doing “good” overall. (Id. at 767.) He denied depression and reported his anxiety at a four out of ten. (Id. at
768.) He denied mood swings and reported one angry outburst. (Id. at 768.) He reported finishing a painting
in two days as “proof positive that he is able to focus [and] stay on task.” (Id. at 769.) A mental status
examination revealed his mood and affect was euthymic, his eye contact was good, his speech was clear
and conversational, his memory was normal, and his attention was fair. (Id. at 773.)
On June 5, 2021, Metz had a follow up appointment with Shumway. (Id. at 791.) Metz reported
“doing good” and “living the dream!” (Id. at 792.) He stated his medication remained efficacious and denied
side effects. (Id.) He denied depression except for walking up some mornings feeling depressed for only “a
minute.” (Id. at 793.) He denied crying spells and denied feelings of hopelessness. (Id.) He reported one
panic attack since his last appointment, when he visited a Walmart store and “felt uncomfortable but was

able to remain in the store for the entire planned duration.” (Id.) He reported a goal of starting to sell his
artwork. (Id.) He reported some irritability and denied angry outbursts. (Id.) He reported that his focus and
attention has been “pretty good.” (Id. at 794.) A mental status examination revealed euthymic affect,
congruent mood, good eye contact, clear speech, normal memory, good attention and concentration, fair
insight, and good judgment. (Id. at 797-98.)
On July 24, 2021, Metz had a follow up appointment with Shumway. (Id. at 817.) Metz reported
doing “ok.” (Id. at 819.) He stated that his medications were effective, he visited Cedar Point and had a lot
of fun, and planned to visit his aunt in Florida. (Id.) He denied depression and reported only “a couple”
crying spells. (Id. at 819.) He stated he is “now doing digital artwork.” (Id.) He reported a couple of panic

attacks but “they are not as bad as they used to be.” (Id.) He reported his attention was “pretty good” while
on medication. (Id. at 820.)
C. State Agency Reports
1. Mental Impairments
On January 8, 2021, Cindy Matyi, Ph.D., reviewed the file and opined Metz could comprehend,
remember, and carry out simple, one-to-two step instructions and occasionally complex and detailed, three-
to-four step instructions. (Id. at 87-88.) Dr. Matyi determined Metz could maintain attention, make simple
decisions, and adhere to a schedule. (Id .at 88.) She noted Metz would need a relatively isolated workstation
and supervisory support when first learning job tasks. (Id.) She noted Metz was susceptible to
misinterpreting interpersonal nuance but could relate adequately on a superficial basis in an environment
that entails minimal interaction with coworkers and no over-the-shoulder supervisor scrutiny. (Id.) Dr. Matyi
added Metz should not be expected to deal with the public. (Id.) Dr. Matyi opined that perceived stressors
would exacerbate Metz’s symptoms. (Id.) She asserted Metz could adapt to a setting where duties are routine
and predictable, with infrequent changes that are explained in advance and introduced slowly. (Id.) She

added that Metz would require supervisory support with goal-setting and planning. (Id.)
On April 30, 2021, on reconsideration, Courtney Zeune, Psy.D., affirmed Dr. Matyi’s findings. (Id.
at 95.)
D. Hearing Testimony
During the April 26, 2023 hearing, Metz testified to the following: 5
• Metz previously worked as a cashier for Mark Glassman Company. (Id. at 47.) He
previously worked as a collections clerk for National Enterprise Systems. (Id. at 48.) At
this job he collected on small student loan balances. (Id.) He would go into the office and
work at a desk calling people. (Id.) He left the job because it was stressful and caused him
stomach issues. (Id. at 48-49.) It was stressful because there was a lot going on and
employees would be yelled at if they didn’t hit their goal. (Id. at 49.) He has not worked
anywhere since 2018. (Id. at 56.)

• He cannot work because he has a lot of mood problems and doesn’t take authority well.
(Id. at 49.) He is afraid to leave his house and gets very defensive when he is outside of his
“own little bubble”. (Id.) He has a hard time following instructions. (Id.) His “bubble”
involves being in his basement with his animals. (Id. at 50.) He does not hang out with
people. (Id.) He lives with his caretaker, a close family friend. (Id.) Metz later clarified that
this person is his fiancé. (Id. at 51.) His fiancé is trained to deal with mental health problems.
(Id. at 50.) Metz lives in his fiancé’s house. (Id. at 51.) He has negative interactions with
his fiancé about once per week, and it is usually brought on by a normal everyday
circumstance. (Id. at 51-52.)

• Metz has not left his house in the past four months. (Id. at 52.) He almost never leaves the
house. (Id.) The last time he left the house was on Christmas to go to his fiancé’s family’s
house. (Id.) He has doctor appointments over the phone and his fiancé picks up his
medications. (Id.) His fiancé does the grocery shopping. (Id. at 53.) On Thanksgiving he

5 After the hearing, Metz became the subject of investigation by the Cleveland, Ohio Cooperative Disability
Investigations Unit because of fraud that was referred from within the Office of Hearing Operations. A
Summary Report of Investigation was completed on August 14, 2023. (Id. at 1308-79.)
went to his fiancé’s mom’s house where five people were present. (Id.) He sat with everyone
for about forty-five minutes before he excused himself to go downstairs and watch TV. (Id.)

• Metz would have anxiety if he had a job with coworkers and a boss. (Id. at 53-54.) When
he has anxiety it feels like a tornado in his chest and he goes into his imaginary world. (Id.
at 54.) He struggles to pay attention when this happens. (Id.)

• In the past three years, since his last ALJ hearing, he has gotten worse because he fears
germs due to Covid and he has a harder time trusting information. (Id. at 55.) He has morbid
thoughts that sometimes lead to him being in the hospital for periods of time. (Id.) He was
hospitalized in 2018 in Columbus. (Id. at 56.) He does not see the same therapist as he did
in 2019 because she’s “a little bit of an antivaxxer, and that just freaks [him] out” but the
rest of his care team he sees regularly. (Id. at 55.)

Metz had past work as a collections clerk. (Id. at 47.) The ALJ posed the following hypothetical
question to the VE:
[A]ssume an individual who can perform work at tasks that are routine in
nature, that are in a low-stress environment defined as no fast-paced, strict
quotas, or frequent duty changes. Also, this job would not involve -- would
involve only superficial interpersonal interactions with coworkers and
supervisors defined as no arbitration, negotiation or confrontation, and no
interaction with the general public as a job requirement. As you review this
hypothetical individual, can you tell me whether or not this individual could
return to the claimant’s past work?

(Id. at 56-57.)

The VE testified the hypothetical individual would not be able to perform Metz’s past work as
collections clerk. (Id. at 47.) The VE further testified the hypothetical individual would also be able to
perform other representative jobs in the economy, such as hospital cleaner, laundry worker, and laundry
laborer. (Id. at 57.) Metz’s attorney asked about any limitation in terms of the quantity of interaction that
the hypothetical individual could have with coworkers and supervisors. (Id. at 58.) The VE explained he
assumed superficial interactions with coworkers and supervisors, up to occasional interactions, no more than
that. (Id.) The ALJ then asked a second hypothetical:
[T]his individual can perform a full range of work at all exertional levels,
but with the following nonexertional limitations. This individual can engage
in work tasks that are routine in nature, meaning up to occasional changes
can be performed. I should say up to occasional changes in work duties. Can
work in a low-stress environment defined as no fast-paced strict quotas or
frequent duty changes. I guess that is synonymous with what I had said
earlier, saying -- meaning up to occasional changes in work duties. Okay.
And let me go back to fast-paced with frequent duty changes. Can interact
with coworkers, supervisors up to occasionally -- hold on -- for work related
purposes that do not involve arbitration, negotiation or confrontation, and
no interaction -- hold one second -- and no interaction with the general
public as a job requirement. So I might as well put in here incidental
interactions are acceptable. For example, let's say he's a dishwasher. The
job duties do not require him to interact with the general public. However,
if the supervisor or the manager says hey, go out there and get all the dirty
dishes from the stand, in doing so the dishwasher may encounter a patron.
And at that point, that would be an -- that would be an example of an
acceptable -- what I would characterize as an incidental interaction with the
public. . . . Now, as you review this hypothetical individual, can you identify
any work for such a person?

(Id. at 59-60.) The VE responded, “[b]ased on the hypothetical, the same three jobs that were offered for
hypothetical one would remain in the same numbers.” (Id. at 60.)
Metz’s attorney asked if the individual were to require an isolated workstation, whether that person
would be able to perform competitive employment and the VE testified that would be work preclusive. (Id.)
Metz’s attorney asked whether an individual that would be off task 20 percent or greater of a workday due
to medical impairments, whether that would impact their ability to maintain and retain employment. (Id. at
60-61.) The VE testified that it would be work preclusive. (Id. at 61.) Metz’s attorney asked whether
someone who is absent four days per month due to their impairments, if that would impact their ability to
maintain employment. (Id.) The VE testified that amount of absence would be work preclusive. (Id.) Metz’s
attorney asked, “[i]f a hypothetical individual were to require additional supervision for redirection and
retraining of tasks even after the initial training period – let’s say twice per day but on an ongoing basis.
Would that impact their ability to perform competitive employment?” (Id.) The VE responded, “[b]ased on
my experience, the types of work that were described as part of my testimony in unskilled work, wouldn’t
require such redirection. So based on the hypothetical, an individual that would require that amount of
official supervisory interaction or redirection would be work preclusive.” (Id.)
III. STANDARD FOR DISABILITY
In order to establish entitlement to DIB under the Act, a claimant must be insured at the time of

disability and must prove an inability to engage “in substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically
determinable physical or mental impairment,” or combination of impairments, that can be expected to “result
in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months.”
20 C.F.R. §§ 404.130, 404.315, 404.1505(a).
A claimant is entitled to a POD only if the claimant: (1) had a disability; (2) was insured when the
claimant became disabled; and (3) filed while the claimant was disabled or within twelve months of the date
the disability ended. 42 U.S.C. § 416(i)(2)(E); 20 C.F.R. § 404.320.
The Commissioner reaches a determination as to whether a claimant is disabled by way of a five-
stage process. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(a)(4), 416.920(a)(4). See also Ealy v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 594 F.3d
504, 512 (6th Cir. 2010); Abbott v. Sullivan, 905 F.2d 918, 923 (6th Cir. 1990). First, the claimant must

demonstrate that they are not currently engaged in “substantial gainful activity” at the time of the disability
application. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(b), 416.920(b). Second, the claimant must show that they suffer from
a “severe impairment” in order to warrant a finding of disability. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(c), 416.920(c). A
“severe impairment” is one that “significantly limits . . . physical or mental ability to do basic work
activities.” Abbot, 905 F.2d at 923. Third, if the claimant is not performing substantial gainful activity, has
a severe impairment that is expected to last for at least twelve months, and the impairment, or combination
of impairments, meets or medically equals a required listing under 20 CFR Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix
1, the claimant is presumed to be disabled regardless of age, education, or work experience. See 20 C.F.R.
§§ 404.1520(d), 416.920(d). Fourth, if the claimant’s impairment or combination of impairments does not
prevent the claimant from doing their past relevant work, the claimant is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. §§
404.1520(e)-(f), 416.920(e)-(f). For the fifth and final step, even if the claimant’s impairment does prevent
the claimant from doing their past relevant work, if other work exists in the national economy that the
claimant can perform, the claimant is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(g), 404.1560(c), 416.920(g).
Here, Metz was insured on the alleged disability onset date, November 30, 2019, and remains insured

through June 30, 2021, the date last insured (“DLI”). (Tr. 20, 81.) Therefore, in order to be entitled to POD
and DIB, Metz must establish a continuous twelve-month period of disability commencing between these
dates. Any discontinuity in the twelve-month period precludes an entitlement to benefits. See Mullis v.
Bowen, 861 F.2d 991, 994 (6th Cir. 1988); Henry v. Gardner, 381 F.2d 191, 195 (6th Cir. 1967).
IV. SUMMARY OF COMMISSIONER’S DECISION
The ALJ made the following findings of fact and conclusions of law:
1. The claimant last met the insured status requirements of the Social Security Act on
June 30, 2021.

2. The claimant did not engage in substantial gainful activity during the period from his
amended alleged onset date of November 30, 2019 through his date last insured of June
30, 2021 (20 CFR 404.1571 et seq.).

3. Through the date last insured, the claimant had the following severe impairments:
major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, agoraphobia with panic
disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), dependent personality disorder,
borderline personality disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
(20 CFR 404.1520(c)).

4. Through the date last insured, the claimant did not have an impairment or combination
of impairments that met or medically equaled the severity of one of the listed
impairments in 20 CFR Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1 (20 CFR 404.1520(d),
404.1525 and 404.1526).

5. After careful consideration of the entire record, the undersigned finds that, through the
date last insured, the claimant had the residual functional capacity to perform a full
range of work at all exertional levels, but with the following nonexertional limitations:
can engage in work tasks that are routine in nature, meaning up to occasional changes
in work duties; can work in a low stress environment, defined as no fast pace, strict
quotas, or frequent duty changes; can interact with coworkers supervisors up to
occasionally for work related purposes that do not involve arbitration, negotiation, or
confrontation; and no interaction with the general public as a job requirement, though
incidental interactions are acceptable.

6. Through the date last insured, the claimant was unable to perform any past relevant
work (20 CFR 404.1565).

7. The claimant was born on January 14, 1991 and was 30 years old, which is defined as
a younger individual age 18-49, on the date last insured (20 CFR 404.1563).

8. The claimant has at least a high school education (20 CFR 404.1564).

9. Transferability of job skills is not material to the determination of disability because
using the Medical-Vocational Rules as a framework supports a finding that the
claimant is “not disabled,” whether or not the claimant has transferable job skills (See
SSR 82-41 and 20 CFR Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 2).

10. Through the date last insured, considering the claimant’s age, education, work
experience, and residual functional capacity, there were jobs that existed in significant
numbers in the national economy that the claimant could have performed (20 CFR
404.1569 and 404.1569a).

11. The claimant was not under a disability, as defined in the Social Security Act, at any
time from November 30, 2019, the amended alleged onset date, through June 30, 2021,
the date last insured (20 CFR 404.1520(g)).

(Tr. 17-34.)
V. STANDARD OF REVIEW
The Social Security Act authorizes narrow judicial review of the final decision of the Social Security
Administration (SSA).” Reynolds v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 424 F. App’x 411, 414 (6th Cir. 2011).
Specifically, this Court’s review is limited to determining whether the Commissioner’s decision is supported
by substantial evidence and was made pursuant to proper legal standards. See Ealy v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.,
594 F.3d 504, 512 (6th Cir. 2010); White v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 572 F.3d 272, 281 (6th Cir. 2009).
Substantial evidence has been defined as “‘more than a scintilla of evidence but less than a preponderance;
it is such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.’” Rogers
v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 486 F.3d 234, 241 (6th Cir. 2007) (quoting Cutlip v. Sec’y of Health and Human
Servs., 25 F.3d 284, 286 (6th Cir. 1994)). In determining whether an ALJ’s findings are supported by
substantial evidence, the Court does not review the evidence de novo, make credibility determinations, or
weigh the evidence. Brainard v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 889 F.2d 679, 681 (6th Cir. 1989).
Review of the Commissioner’s decision must be based on the record as a whole. Heston v. Comm’r
of Soc. Sec., 245 F.3d 528, 535 (6th Cir. 2001). The findings of the Commissioner are not subject to reversal,

however, merely because there exists in the record substantial evidence to support a different conclusion.
Buxton v. Halter, 246 F.3d 762, 772-73 (6th Cir. 2001) (citing Mullen v. Bowen, 800 F.2d 535, 545 (6th Cir.
1986)); see also Her v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 203 F.3d 388, 389-90 (6th Cir. 1999) (“Even if the evidence
could also support another conclusion, the decision of the Administrative Law Judge must stand if the
evidence could reasonably support the conclusion reached.”). This is so because there is a “zone of choice”
within which the Commissioner can act, without the fear of court interference. Mullen, 800 F.2d at 545
(citing Baker v. Heckler, 730 F.2d 1147, 1150 (8th Cir. 1984)).
In addition to considering whether the Commissioner’s decision was supported by substantial
evidence, the Court must determine whether proper legal standards were applied. Failure of the

Commissioner to apply the correct legal standards as promulgated by the regulations is grounds for reversal.
See, e.g., White v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 572 F.3d 272, 281 (6th Cir. 2009); Bowen v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.,
478 F.3d 742, 746 (6th Cir. 2006) (“Even if supported by substantial evidence, however, a decision of the
Commissioner will not be upheld where the SSA fails to follow its own regulations and where that error
prejudices a claimant on the merits or deprives the claimant of a substantial right.”).
Finally, a district court cannot uphold an ALJ’s decision, even if there “is enough evidence in the
record to support the decision, [where] the reasons given by the trier of fact do not build an accurate and
logical bridge between the evidence and the result.” Fleischer v. Astrue, 774 F. Supp. 2d 875, 877 (N.D.
Ohio 2011) (quoting Sarchet v. Chater, 78 F.3d 305, 307 (7th Cir. 1996)); accord Shrader v. Astrue, No.
11-1300, 2012 WL 5383120, at *6 (E.D. Mich. Nov. 1, 2012) (“If relevant evidence is not mentioned, the
Court cannot determine if it was discounted or merely overlooked.”); McHugh v. Astrue, No. 1:10-cv-734,
2011 WL 6130824 (S.D. Ohio Nov. 15, 2011); Gilliam v. Astrue, No. 2:10-CV-017, 2010 WL 2837260
(E.D. Tenn. July 19, 2010); Hook v. Astrue, No. 1:09-cv-1982, 2010 WL 2929562 (N.D. Ohio July 9, 2010).
VI. ANALYSIS

A. Opinion Evidence
In his first assignment of error, Metz argues the ALJ finding Shumway’s opinion unpersuasive is
“incorrect” based on “the supporting records.” (Doc. No. 7 at 10.) Metz asserts the “actual opinion along
with the extensive treatment notes established that the ALJ failed to support her erroneous conclusion as the
medical opinion was consistent with the medical evidence in the record.” (Id. at 11.) Metz argues the ALJ
provided no analysis regarding the consistency of Shumway’s opinion with the other evidence. (Id.)
Metz also argues the ALJ incorrectly found the opinions of the state agency medical consultants not
persuasive. (Id.) Metz states the ALJ “erroneously substitute[d] her own judgment in this matter.” (Id. at
12.) Metz asserts the ALJ’s failure to find the “opinions of the treating and reviewing sources persuasive

was in error as the rationale was contrary to the evidence set forth above.” (Id.) Metz concluded that the
ALJ’s determination was not supported by substantial evidence. (Id. at 13.)
In response, the Commissioner argues the ALJ sufficiently articulated the supportability factor when
she found Shumway’s opinions were unsupported by his own explanations and his own treatment records.
(Doc. No 9 at 10-14.) The ALJ cited Shumway’s GAF scores and mental status examinations that were
“unsupportive of the extreme limitations set out in the March 2019 statement”. (Id. at 10-11.) The
Commissioner states Metz points to subjective complaints and various diagnoses to support his statement
that the ALJ’s opinion is “incorrect”, but this ignores the substantial evidence standard. (Id. at 12.) The
Commissioner asserts the ALJ addressed consistency when she addressed other evidence of record,
including Metz’s activities. (Id. at 12-13.) The Commissioner contends the ALJ set forth a “thorough
description of the evidence” in the remainder of the decision, which supports her conclusions as to
Shumway’s opinions. (Id. at 13.)
The Commissioner asserts Metz’s argument that the ALJ substituted her own opinion for that of a
“medical opinion” fails as a matter of law because an ALJ is not required to formulate an RFC based on a

physician’s opinion, but rather, must determine an RFC based on her evaluation of both medical and non-
medical evidence. (Id. at 14-15.) The Commissioner argues Metz’s citing this ALJ’s statements in another
case is improper and has no bearing on whether substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s findings in this
case. (Id. at 15.)
In his reply brief, Metz reiterates the same arguments set forth in his Brief on the Merits. (Doc. No.
10, at 1-4.)
Since Metz’s claim was filed after March 17, 2017, the Social Security Administration’s new
regulations (“Revised Regulations”) for evaluation of medical opinion evidence apply to this claim. See
Revisions to Rules Regarding the Evaluation of Medical Evidence (Revisions to Rules), 2017 WL 168819,

82 Fed. Reg. 5844 (Jan. 18, 2017); 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c.
Under the Revised Regulations, the Commissioner will not “defer or give any specific evidentiary
weight, including controlling weight, to any medical opinion(s) or prior administrative medical findings,
including those from your medical sources.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(a). Rather, the Commissioner shall
“evaluate the persuasiveness” of all medical opinions and prior administrative medical findings using the
factors set forth in the regulations: (1) supportability;6 (2) consistency;7 (3) relationship with the claimant,
including length of the treatment relationship, frequency of examinations, purpose of the treatment
relationship, extent of the treatment relationship, and examining relationship; (4) specialization; and (5)
other factors, including but not limited to evidence showing a medical source has familiarity with the other
evidence in the claim or an understanding of the agency’s disability program’s policies and evidentiary

requirements. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(a), (c)(1)-(5). However, supportability and consistency are the most
important factors. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(b)(2).
The Revised Regulations also changed the articulation required by ALJs in their consideration of
medical opinions. The new articulation requirements are as follows:
(1) Source-level articulation. Because many claims have voluminous case
records containing many types of evidence from different sources, it is not
administratively feasible for us to articulate in each determination or
decision how we considered all of the factors for all of the medical opinions
and prior administrative medical findings in your case record. Instead, when
a medical source provides multiple medical opinion(s) or prior
administrative medical finding(s), we will articulate how we considered the
medical opinions or prior administrative medical findings from that medical
source together in a single analysis using the factors listed in paragraphs
(c)(1) through (c)(5) of this section, as appropriate. We are not required to
articulate how we considered each medical opinion or prior administrative
medical finding from one medical source individually.

(2) Most important factors. The factors of supportability (paragraph (c)(1)
of this section) and consistency (paragraph (c)(2) of this section) are the
most important factors we consider when we determine how persuasive we
find a medical source’s medical opinions or prior administrative medical
findings to be. Therefore, we will explain how we considered the

6 The Revised Regulations explain the “supportability” factor as follows: “The more relevant the objective
medical evidence and supporting explanations presented by a medical source are to support his or her
medical opinion(s) or prior administrative medical finding(s), the more persuasive the medical opinions or
prior administrative medical finding(s) will be.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(c)(1).

7 The Revised Regulations explain the “consistency” factor as follows: “The more consistent a medical
opinion(s) or prior administrative medical finding(s) is with the evidence from other medical sources and
nonmedical sources in the claim, the more persuasive the medical opinion(s) or prior administrative
medical finding(s) will be.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(c)(2).
supportability and consistency factors for a medical source’s medical
opinions or prior administrative medical findings in your determination or
decision. We may, but are not required to, explain how we considered the
factors in paragraphs (c)(3) through (c)(5) of this section, as appropriate,
when we articulate how we consider medical opinions and prior
administrative medical findings in your case record.

(3) Equally persuasive medical opinions or prior administrative medical
findings about the same issue. When we find that two or more medical
opinions or prior administrative medical findings about the same issue are
both equally well-supported (paragraph (c)(1) of this section) and consistent
with the record (paragraph (c)(2) of this section) but are not exactly the
same, we will articulate how we considered the other most persuasive
factors in paragraphs (c)(3) through (c)(5) of this section for those medical
opinions or prior administrative medical findings in your determination or
decision.

20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(b)(1)-(3).
“Although the regulations eliminate the ‘physician hierarchy,’ deference to specific medical
opinions, and assigning ‘weight’ to a medical opinion, the ALJ must still ‘articulate how [he/she] considered
the medical opinions’ and ‘how persuasive [he/she] find[s] all of the medical opinions.’” Ryan L.F. v.
Comm’r of Soc. Sec., No. 6:18-cv-01958-BR, 2019 WL 6468560, at *4 (D. Ore. Dec. 2, 2019) (quoting 20
C.F.R. § 416.920c(a), (b)(1)). A reviewing court “evaluates whether the ALJ properly considered the factors
as set forth in the regulations to determine the persuasiveness of a medical opinion.” Id.
The ALJ analyzed the opinion of Metz’s mental health provider, Anthony Shumway, CNP, as
follows:
The claimant’s mental health provider, Anthony Shumway, CNP, opined on
March 23, 2019 that the claimant is unable to meet competitive standards
with regard to his ability to remember work-like procedures, maintain
attention for two hour segments, sustain an ordinary routine without special
supervision, work in coordination with or proximity to others without being
unduly distracted, make simple work-related decisions, complete a normal
workday and workweek without interruptions from psychologically based
symptoms, perform at a consistent pace without an unreasonable number
and length of rest periods, accept instructions and respond appropriately to
criticism from supervisors, get along with coworkers or peers without
unduly distracting them or exhibiting behavioral extremes, respond
appropriately to changes in a routine work setting, deal with normal work
stress, understand and remember detailed instructions, carry out detailed
instructions, set realistic goals or make plans independently of others, deal
with the stress of semiskilled and skilled work, interact appropriately with
the general public, maintain socially appropriate behavior, and use public
transportation (Exhibit B13F). Mr. Shumway opined the claimant is
seriously limited, but not precluded in terms of his ability to understand and
remember very short and simple instructions, carry out very short and
simple instructions, adhere to basic standards of neatness and cleanliness,
and travel in an unfamiliar place (Id.). Mr. Shumway noted the claimant
experiences limited but satisfactory ability to maintain regular attendance
and be punctual within customary, usually strict tolerances (Id.). Mr.
Shumway opined the claimant would be absent a minimum of 4 to 5 days
per month, and off task greater than 50% of the time (Id.). This opinion,
rendered by way of a checklist, and completed months before the amended
alleged onset date, is not persuasive for several reasons. First, the opinion
is inadequately supported. Mr. Shumway noted significant distractibility,
severe anxiety and panic attacks in public, mood swings, irritability,
decreased self-esteem, codependency, circumstantial thought processes,
low frustration tolerance, poor communication, inability to accept criticism,
poor focus and concentration, indecisiveness, and agoraphobia, with only
fair response to medication and psychotherapy (Id.). However, Mr.
Shumway did not note significant objective abnormalities on mental status
examination, such as impaired orientation, abnormal psychomotor activity,
impaired hygiene or appearance, decreased eye contact, an abnormal mood
and affect, decreased attention, concentration, or memory, or abnormal
thought processes or thought content, to support the extreme limitations
contained therein (Id.). Additionally, the opinion is inadequately supported
by, and in fact inconsistent with, the global assessment of functioning
(GAF) score range of 60 to 65 contained therein, which indicates moderate
to mild symptoms, difficulties, or impairment (Exhibit B13F/1). The
opinion is also inadequately supported by Mr. Shumway’s own treatment
notes, which contain findings of baseline fidgeting, only fair
hygiene/grooming, with occasionally disheveled hair, a very slightly
anxious affect, occasionally limited to fair attention/concentration, and
decreased insight and judgment, but normal alertness and orientation, open,
calm, cooperative behavior, good eye contact, a generally euthymic mood,
generally congruent affect, with no lability, normal speech, memory,
thoughts, and perceptions, and good attention/concentration at times, and
which confirm good to very good progress with limited, conservative
behavioral health treatment (Exhibit B2F; B3F/67-126; B4F/15-101; B6F;
B7F; B9F; B10F; B12F). Furthermore, Mr. Shumway’s extremely
restrictive opinion is inconsistent with the remaining evidence of record,
namely the claimant’s extensive reported activities, which including caring
for pets, painting, reading books, shopping in stores, albeit with some
difficulty, travelling out of state via plane, going to the amusement park
Cedar Point, using social media and the internet, playing video games,
going out to eat with his fiancé and friends, house hunting, and attend family
holiday gatherings (Exhibit B3F, B6F, B7F, B10F). For these reasons, the
undersigned finds Mr. Shumway’s opinion unpersuasive.

(Tr. 30-31.)

The ALJ analyzed the prior administrative medical findings as follows:
The prior administrative medical findings pertaining to mental impairment
are not persuasive.

State disability determination services psychological consultants Cindy
Matyi, Ph.D., and Courtney Zeune, Psy.D., opined on January 8, 2021 and
April 30, 2021 respectively that the claimant’s condition restricts his
capacity for detailed/complex tasks, but he is able to comprehend and
remember simple (1-2 step) and occasional complex/detailed (3-4 step)
instructions (Exhibit B2A, B4A). Dr. Matyi and Dr. Zeune opined the
claimant can carry out simple (1-2 step) and occasional complex/detailed
(3-4 step) tasks, maintain attention, make simple decisions, and adequately
adhere to a schedule (Id.). They noted the claimant would need a relatively
isolated workstation and supervisory support when first learning job tasks
(Id.). Dr. Matyi and Dr. Zeune noted the claimant is susceptible to
misinterpreting interpersonal nuance, yet can relate adequately on a
superficial basis in an environment that entails minimal interaction with
coworkers and no over-the-shoulder supervisor scrutiny (Id.). They opined
the claimant should not be expected to deal with the public (Id.). Dr. Matyi
and Dr. Zeune noted the claimant’s symptoms would exacerbate in the face
of perceived stressors, yet he can adapt to a setting in which duties are
routine and predictable and in which changes are infrequent, explained in
advance, and introduced slowly (Id.). They opined the claimant would
require supervisory support with goal-setting and planning (Id.). These
opinions, which employ vague, imprecise language, with vocationally
inappropriate terminology, are not persuasive for several reasons, and the
undersigned did not use or adopt any of such verbiage. First, the opinions
are inadequately supported, as they did not take into consideration the most
recent mental health treatment (see Exhibit B7F, B9F, B10F, B12F), and
appear to be based largely upon the claimant’s subjectively reported mood
symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, crying spells, mood swings, suicidal
ideation, and difficulty leaving the house (Exhibit B2A/3-4, 8; B4A/2, 7).

In fact, the opinions are absent discussion of significant objective
abnormalities to support the limitations contained therein, such as the need
to work in isolation, noting a mildly dysthymic presentation, but calm
behavior, with laughing and frequent smiling on examinations noted therein
(Id.). Additionally, the opinions are somewhat internally inconsistent,
noting the claimant cannot tolerate over the shoulder supervisory scrutiny,
but also requires additional supervisory support (Exhibit B2A, B4A).
Furthermore, the opinions are inconsistent with the remaining evidence of
record, including subsequent mental health treatment notes, which indicate
persistent mood symptoms, but confirm normal alertness and orientation,
cooperative behavior, a generally euthymic, full range mood, a generally
bright, appropriate affect, with no lability, good eye contact, and normal
speech, memory, thoughts, and perceptions on mental status examinations
(Exhibit B7F, B9F, B10F, B12F). Additionally, the opinions are
inconsistent with the claimant’s extensive reported activities, which
including caring for pets, painting, reading books, shopping in stores, albeit
with some difficulty, travelling out of state via plane, going to the
amusement park Cedar Point, using social media and the internet, playing
video games, going out to eat with his fiancé and friends, house hunting,
and attend family holiday gatherings (Exhibit B3F, B6F, B7F, B10F). For
these reasons, the undersigned finds the opinions of Dr. Matyi and Dr.
Zeune unpersuasive.

(Id. at 29-30.)

Supportability and consistency are the most important factors under the new regulations for
evaluating medical source opinions. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(a). The ALJ considered the supportability and
consistency of Shumway’s opinions, discussing how his opinion was both not well supported and
inconsistent with his own treatment records. (Tr. 30-31.) The ALJ noted the opinion itself was inadequately
supported where Shumway noted significant mental defects, yet Shumway “did not note significant
objective abnormalities on mental status examination”. (Id. at 30.) The ALJ further explained the opinion
was “inadequately support by, and in fact inconsistent with, the global assessment of functioning (GAF)
score range of 60-65 . . . which indicates moderate to mild symptoms”. (Id. at 31.) The ALJ described how
the opinion was inadequately supported by Shumway’s own treatment notes, which contain findings of
fidgeting, slight anxiety, fair attention and concentration, euthymic mood, among other findings supporting
good progress with conservative behavioral health treatment. (Id. at 31.) Finally, ALJ addressed that
Shumway’s “extremely restrictive opinion” is inconsistent with Metz’s “extensive reported activities”
which included caring for pets, painting, reading books, shopping (with some difficulty), traveling via
airplane, going to amusement parks, and attending family holiday gatherings, among other activities. (Id.)
The ALJ found Shumway’s opinion unpersuasive because it was inadequately supported on its face, it was
inconsistent with the GAF score, it was unsupported by Shumway’s own treatment records, and it was
inconsistent with the remaining evidence of record, including Metz’s reported activities. (Id. at 30-31.)
The ALJ considered the supportability and consistency of the prior administrative medical findings,

discussing how the opinions are inadequately supported, internally inconsistent, inconsistent with the
remaining evidence of record, and inconsistent with Metz’s reported activities. (Id. at 29-30.) The ALJ
explained the opinions did not consider the most recent mental health treatment (see Tr. 843-897, 992-1298),
“appear based upon the claimant’s subjectively reported mood symptoms”, and “are absent discussion of
significant objective abnormalities to support the limitations contained therein . . .” (Id. at 29-30.) The ALJ
noted the opinions are somewhat internally inconsistent because they opine Metz cannot tolerate over the
shoulder supervision, but also requires additional supervisor support. (Id. at 30.) The ALJ described how
the opinions are inconsistent with the remaining evidence of record, including mental health records noting
cooperative behavior, euthymic mood, good eye contact, among other normal findings. (Id.) Finally, the

ALJ noted the opinions are inconsistent with Metz’s extensive reported activities, including but not limited
to caring for pets, painting, shopping, travelling, visiting amusement parks, playing video games, and
attending family holiday gatherings. (Id.)
Metz argues the ALJ “substituted her own judgment” for that of the state agency medical consultants
because she found their opinions unpersuasive. (Doc. No. 7 at 12.) However, “the ALJ is charged with the
responsibility of determining the RFC based on her evaluation of the medical and non-medical evidence . .
. to require the ALJ to base her RFC finding on a physician’s opinion, would, in effect, confer upon the
treating source the authority to make the determination or decision about whether an individual is under a
disability . . .” Rudd v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 531 F. App’x 719, 728 (6th Cir. 2013), citing SSR 96–5p, 1996
WL 374183 (July 2, 1996); see also Shepard v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 705 Fed.Appx. 435, 442–43 (6th Cir.
2017) (rejecting the argument that “the ALJ’s [residual functional capacity] lacks substantial evidence
because no physician opined that [the claimant] was capable of light work”).
The ALJ is not required to base her RFC on the opinion of a physician. Metz cites McQuin v. Comm’r
of Soc. Sec., No. 3:12-CV-1704, 2014 WL 1369674, at *15 (N.D. Ohio Mar. 31, 2014) for the proposition

that remand is required where “no medical opinions supported the ALJ’s determination.” (Doc. No. 7 at 12.)
In McQuin, the Court found that the ALJ imposed functional limitations after not accepting the opinion
offered by the only medical professional and “without any other medical opinion supporting her
conclusion.” 2014 WL 1369674, at *14. Here, the ALJ did not impose an RFC finding contrary to the
opinion of a medical source, rather, the ALJ included citations to evidence supporting the RFC finding,
including a discussion of Metz’s objective medical evidence, mental health treatment notes, mental status
examinations, medication side effects and lack thereof, activities of daily living, GAF scores, and the scope
of his treatment. (Tr. 24-28.) The ALJ did not make the RFC finding without providing reasons for the
finding, but instead relied on the evidence of record. Moreover, the Sixth Circuit has rejected the argument

that an ALJ’s RFC cannot be supported by substantial evidence unless a physician offers an opinion
consistent with that of the ALJ. See Lutizio v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., No. 1:23-cv-01675, 2024 WL 3429479,
at *14 (N.D. Ohio July 16, 2024) citing Mokbel-Aljahmi v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 732 F.App’x 395, 401 (6th
Cir. 2018).
Substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s determination. Rogers, 486 F.3d at 241. It is the ALJ’s job
to weigh the evidence and resolve conflicts, and she did so here. While Metz would weigh the evidence
differently, it is not for the Court to do so on appeal. See Her, 203 F.3d at 389-90.
There is no error.
B. Symptom Evaluation
In his second assignment of error, Metz argues the ALJ failed to properly evaluate Metz’s symptoms
pursuant to SSR 16-3p. (Doc. No. 7 at 13-19.) Metz asserts his testimony concerning his symptoms is
consistent with the medical evidence. (Id. at 13-16.) Metz claims the ALJ erred by considering Metz’s
activities inconsistent with the medical evidence, asserting that the ability to perform some activities is not

enough to render a finding that Metz could perform full time work. (Id. at 16-17.) Metz states that evidence
of his impairments was corroborated by his testimony, rendering the ALJ’s opinion unsupported by
substantial evidence. (Id. at 17.) Metz argues the ALJ failed to articulate her rationale for finding Metz’s
statements not entirely consistent with the medical evidence, thus requiring remand. (Id.)
In response, the Commissioner argues the ALJ properly evaluated Metz’s allegations by applying
several factors of SSR 16-3p and concluding that the level of mental impairments alleged was not entirely
consistent with the record evidence. (Doc. No 9 at 17.) The Commissioner notes the ALJ considered
objective medical evidence, including evidence that tended to support Metz’s allegations as well as evidence
that detracted from them. (Id.) The Commissioner argues the ALJ considered Metz’s various activities as

inconsistent with his claims of total disability. (Id. at 18.) The Commissioner states the ALJ discussed
Metz’s treatment, including medication efficacy. (Id. at 19.) The Commissioner argues the ALJ properly
considered several of the SSR 16-3p factors, and Metz’s argument is an improper request to reweigh the
evidence. (Id. at 20.)
In his reply brief, Metz did not address his second assignment of error. (Doc. No. 10 at 1-4.)
A two-step process is used to evaluate an individual’s symptoms. (20 CFR § 404.1529(c)(3),
416.929(c)(3); Soc. Sec. Ruling 16-3p Titles II & XVI: Evaluation of Symptoms in Disability Claims, SSR
16-3P (S.S.A. Oct. 25, 2017), 2017 WL 5180304.) At step one, the ALJ determines whether the individual
has a medically determinable impairment that could reasonably be expected to produce the individual’s
alleged symptoms. (Id.; SSR 16-3p, 2017 WL 5180304 at *3.) At step two, the ALJ evaluates the intensity,
persistence, and limiting effects of the claimant’s symptoms. (Id. at *4.) “[O]bjective medical evidence is a
useful indicator to help make reasonable conclusions about the intensity and persistence of symptoms . . .
[an ALJ] must consider whether an individual’s statements about the intensity, persistence, and limiting
effects of his or her symptoms are consistent with the medical signs and laboratory findings of record.” (Id.

at *5.)
An ALJ may consider the following factors when evaluating the intensity, persistence, and limiting
effects of a claimant’s symptoms:
1. Daily activities;
2. The location, duration, frequency, and intensity of pain or other symptoms;
3. Factors that precipitate and aggravate the symptoms;
4. The type, dosage, effectiveness, and side effects of any medication an individual
takes or has taken to alleviate pain or other symptoms;
5. Treatment, other than medication, an individual receives or has received for
relief of pain or other symptoms;
6. Any measures other than treatment an individual uses or has used to relieve pain
or other symptoms (e.g., lying flat on his or her back, standing for 15 to 20
minutes every hour, or sleeping on a board); and
7. Any other factors concerning an individual’s functional limitations and
restrictions due to pain or other symptoms.

(Id. at *7-8.) An ALJ is not required to analyze all seven factors. Pettigrew v. Berryhill, No. 1:17-CV-01118,
2018 WL 3104229, at *16 (N.D. Ohio June 4, 2018), report and recommendation adopted, No.
1:17CV1118, 2018 WL 3093696 (N.D. Ohio June 22, 2018), citing Cross v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 373 F.
Supp. 2d 724, 733 (N.D. Ohio 2005).
In evaluating complaints of pain or other symptoms, an ALJ may properly consider the credibility
of the claimant. Walters v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 127 F.3d 525, 531 (6th Cir. 1997), citing Kirk v. Secretary
of Health and Human Servs., 667 F.2d 524, 538 (6th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 461 U.S. 957, 103 S.Ct. 2428,
77 L.Ed.2d 1315 (1983). “[A]n ALJ’s findings based on the credibility of the applicant are to be accorded
great weight and deference, particularly since an ALJ is charged with the duty of observing a witness’s
demeanor and credibility.” Id., citing Villarreal v. Secretary of Health and Human Servs., 818 F.2d 461,
463 (6th Cir.1987). “Nevertheless, an ALJ’s assessment of a claimant’s credibility must be supported by
substantial evidence.” Id. citing Beavers v. Secretary of Health, Educ. and Welfare, 577 F.2d 383, 386–87
(6th Cir.1978).
“An ALJ’s determination of subjective evidence receives great deference on review.” Jones v.

Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., No. 1:21-CV-01257-DAC, 2022 WL 3155823, at *16 (N.D. Ohio Aug. 8,
2022), citing Ulman v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 693 F.3d 709, 714 (6th Cir. 2012). “Absent compelling reason,
this Court may not disturb the ALJ’s analysis of the claimant’s subjective complaints or the conclusions
drawn from them.” Id., citing Baumhower v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., No. 3:18-CV-0098, 2019 WL 1282105,
at *2 (N.D. Ohio Mar. 20, 2019). “As long as the ALJ cited substantial, legitimate evidence to support his
factual conclusions, we are not to second-guess[.]” Ulman, 693 F.3d at 713-14.
Here, the ALJ analyzed Metz’s symptoms, devoting nearly five single spaced pages to her analysis.
(Tr. 24-28.) The ALJ wrote, in part:
After careful consideration of the evidence, the undersigned finds that the
claimant’s medically determinable impairments could reasonably be
expected to cause the alleged symptoms; however, the claimant’s
statements concerning the intensity, persistence and limiting effects of these
symptoms are not entirely consistent with the medical evidence and other
evidence in the record dated prior to the date last insured for the reasons
explained in this decision.

The objective medical evidence does not fully corroborate the claimant’s
allegations.

(Id. at 24.) The ALJ went on to detail medical evidence, including mental health treatment notes dated prior
to the alleged onset date confirming a history of depression and ADHD treated with medications, Metz’s
2018 hospitalization for suicidal ideation, and a 2020 hospital visit for neck pain likely due to “his work as
a painter”. (Id. at 24-25.) The ALJ extensively discussed his outpatient mental health treatment with
Shumway, including treatment notes containing reports of moodiness, anxiety, agoraphobia, depression,
crying spells, and sleep problems, among other details. (Id. at 25.) The ALJ noted Shumway’s treatment
notes indicated extensive activities of daily living, including care for a pet, completing a three-foot by four-
foot painting of the Cleveland skyline, reports that Metz continued to paint regularly, and Metz indicating
he was afraid to leave his house in December 2020 due to fears of COVID-19. (Id.) The ALJ acknowledged
Metz reported reading books, being better organized, finishing a painting in two days, and having a goal of

selling his artwork. (Id.) The ALJ recognized Metz’s ability to shop in a store but with some difficulty,
travel out of state to visit family, go to Cedar Point amusement park, spend time on social media, and play
video games. (Id.) The ALJ noted Metz was able to go out to dinner with his fiancé and friends and attend
family holiday parties. (Id.)
The ALJ extensively discussed mental status examinations, including symptoms, diagnoses,
medication efficacy, and Metz’s progress. (Id. at 26.) She noted, in part:
As shown above, through the date last insured, the claimant experienced
symptoms associated with major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety
disorder, agoraphobia with panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD), dependent personality disorder, borderline personality disorder,
and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder that would have reasonably
interfered with his ability to perform complex tasks, interact with others,
work at a rapid pace, and tolerate a stressful work environment (Exhibit
B1F, B2F, B3F, B4F, B5F, B6F, B7F, B8F, B9F, B10F, B12F). Although
the claimant was alert, oriented, and able to maintain sufficient
concentration to participate in mental status examinations conducted prior
to the date last insured, he was mildly anxious, with baseline fidgeting, fair
hygiene and grooming, with occasionally disheveled hair, a depressed,
anxious mood, a restricted and/or anxious affect, occasionally limited/fair
attention/concentration, and decreased insight and judgment (Id.).

(Id. at 26.) The ALJ noted the GAF score, indicating mild to moderate symptoms, and acknowledged GAF
scores are not determinative of overall disability. (Id. at 27.) The ALJ further stated:
In addition to the objective medical evidence, the undersigned has also
considered other factors in evaluating the claimant’s statements concerning
the intensity, persistence, duration and limiting effects of his severe
medically determinable impairments, including the claimant’s daily
activities and the claimant’s history of treatment. However, these factors do
not show that the claimant was more limited prior to the date last insured
than determined when setting forth the above residual functional capacity.

(Id. at 27.) The ALJ went on to discuss Metz’s extensive activities of daily living, which were found to
detract from his allegations, and support the ALJ’s residual functional capacity. (Id.) The ALJ considered
Metz’s scope of treatment, writing:
In assessing the claimant’s allegations, the undersigned has also considered
the scope of treatment. The claimant’s mental impairments are treated
conservatively, with medications and psychotherapy administered by
mental health provider Anthony Shumway, PMHNP-BC (Exhibit B2F,
B3F, B4F, B6F, B7F, B9F, B10F, B12F). The claimant has remained
symptomatic, thereby confirming the need for continued mental health
treatment and medication adjustments (Id.). However, the claimant has
consistently reported medication efficacy (see Exhibit B4F/16; B6F/3), and
the behavioral health record confirms good to very good progress with
conservative behavioral health treatment (Exhibit B2F; B3F/67-126;
B4F/15-101; B6F; B7F; B9F; B10F; B12F). The claimant has not sought
more extensive mental health treatment, such as participation in case
management services, an intensive outpatient program, or partial
hospitalization program, and the claimant has not required emergency
hospitalization or inpatient psychiatric treatment since the amended alleged
onset date (Exhibit B1F, B2F, B3F, B4F, B5F, B6F, B7F, B8F, B9F, B10F,
B11F, B12F). In fact, mental status examinations have revealed generally
mild to moderate psychiatric abnormalities at most (Id.). This confirms the
claimant’s mental impairments, while severe, were adequately controlled
with limited, conservative outpatient behavioral health treatment prior to the
date last insured.

The claimant has alleged numerous complaints in support of his application
for disability, and the record does support some limitations due to his
symptoms and allegations. However, when considering the claimant’s
testimony in light of the limited, conservative treatment record and the
mainly mild to moderate examination findings prior to the date last insured,
the claimant’s impairments were not as debilitating as he has alleged. The
allegations of disability made by the claimant are therefore not entirely
consistent with the evidence.

(Id. at 28.)
The ALJ properly followed the two-step process for evaluating Metz’s symptoms. At step-one, the
ALJ found that “the claimant’s medically determinable impairments could reasonably be expected to cause
the alleged symptoms . . .” (Id. at 24.) The ALJ ultimately found the “claimant’s statement’s concerning the
intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of these symptoms are not entirely consistent with the objective
evidence of record and other evidence in the record dated prior to the date last insured . . .” (Id.) The ALJ
considered the objective medical evidence, including diagnoses, examination results, medication
effectiveness and lack of adverse side effects. (Id. at 24-27.) Moreover, the ALJ discussed several of the

seven factors set forth in SSR 16–3p for finding Metz’s impairments not as debilitating as he alleged. (Id.)
She considered Metz’s testimony, activities of daily living, the location, duration, frequency, and intensity
of his symptoms, medication side effects or lack thereof, and scope of treatment. (Id.)
An ALJ must follow the two-step process for evaluating a claimant’s symptoms and as part of that
evaluation, an ALJ must consider whether the symptoms are consistent with the objective medical evidence
and she did so here. SSR 16-3p, 2017 WL 5180304 at *5. Substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s decision.
See Rogers, 486 F.3d at 241. Given the high level of deference owed to an ALJ’s findings with respect to
the evaluation of a claimant’s alleged symptoms and resulting limitations, under the circumstances presented
herein, the court does not find the ALJ’s symptom analysis was insufficient.

There is no error.
VII. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the Magistrate Judge recommends that the Commissioner’s final
decision be AFFIRMED.

Date: July 22, 2025 s/ Jonathan Greenberg
Jonathan D. Greenberg
United States Magistrate Judge
OBJECTIONS
Any objections to this Report and Recommendation must be filed with the Clerk of Courts
within fourteen (14) days after being served with a copy of this document. Failure to file objections
within the specified time may forfeit the right to appeal the District Court’s order. Berkshire v.
Beauvais, 928 F.3d 520, 530-31 (6th Cir. 2019).

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11105583. Public record. Not legal advice.