# Ojelade v. Akhtar > New York Supreme Court, Kings County · May 12, 2025 · 2025 NY Slip Op 31886(U) URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11063317 ## Case - **Court:** New York Supreme Court, Kings County - **Decided:** May 12, 2025 - **Citations:** 2025 NY Slip Op 31886(U) - **Precedential status:** Unpublished - **Opinion:** Opinion by Lisa S. Ottley - **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library ## Citator (automated) - No negative treatment found by the automated citator. That is not the same as a confirmation that the case is good law; read the citing cases. - Full citator and citing cases: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11063317 ## Opinion text Ojelade v Akhtar 2025 NY Slip Op 31886(U) May 12, 2025 Supreme Court, Kings County Docket Number: Index No. 524142/2018 Judge: Lisa S. Ottley Cases posted with a "30000" identifier, i.e., 2013 NY Slip Op 30001(U), are republished from various New York State and local government sources, including the New York State Unified Court System's eCourts Service. This opinion is uncorrected and not selected for official publication. FILED: KINGS COUNTY CLERK 05/23/2025 01:54 PM INDEX NO. 524142/2018 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 132 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 05/23/2025 S:UPREM.E COURT OF THE.STATE OF.NEw·v.oRK. COUNTY OF KINGS-PART 24 ---- . --. - ....... -------- .....------~---------- -. ----------------- ·-;r OLAWALE OJELAbE, Mot. Seq. #'4 Plaintiff, Index# 514142/2018 -agafnst~ DECISION and ORDER MUHAMMAD AKHTAR, Defendant. - - - - . _____ H ________ .-----------· - • ·-- .. ----- ·---. ·- ·-· - - • ------ ·---- .X HON. LISA S. OTTLEY ~ecitatii:>i1, as required by ·CPLR 22i9(a ), .Pf the papers c;onsider~d in the review of this Notice of Motion forSummaryJudg mentsubmitted on Mayl2, 2025. Papers Numbered Notice of Motion and Affirmation .. ,.. ······~·· .. ·......................... , ................. l&i[Exh.1-12] Affirmation in Oppositioh; .. ~···,····• .. ,.............,., ......... ,......•·•···· .. ,·.,········· .. ···· .. ··,,·.3 [Exh. A] Plaintiff moves for ~m order pu rsuarit to CPLR 3212 (1) granting summary judgment in favor arid against the defendant, Muhammad Akhtar::0n the.issue of liability, (2) pursuantto CPLR 3211(b.) striking 'the affirmative ·defenses of co.nt ributqry negl]gence, q.:dpable conduct, assumption of risk emergency situation .and failure to wear a seatbelt; and {3) precluding .~efend,;mt Muhammad Akhtar for fail ore. to.appear for deposition, fromtestifyingat the time of ·frial and/or. submitting an. affidavit in oppo•sition to a summary· Judgment motion. Defendant opposesthe motion the. grounds t.hc1t there are issues of fa1:t Which preclude. summary judgment, there is outstanding discovery, and defendant has not been prese.nte.d for his:deposi:tion. This is an action for personal injuries allegedly sustained by the plaintiff as a result of a motor vehicle accidentwhich took place on April 30, 2018....Defendant interposed· and filed .an Answer settingJorth affirmative defenses. The parties appeared fpr a pfelhninary conference and an Order setting for the schedule for discovery was issued on February 22, 2022, directing thatthe parfies tompl.ete deposition:on or befo.r~ May .ZO, 2022., however, the d·epositions.were· rescheduled for June 15, 2022 (plaintiff) and June 16, 2022 (defendan,J. ·rhe defendant failed to appear for his deposition Ori June 16) 2022. Ther~after,. the court issued. ~nether order req.uiring. the d~fenda.ntto app~ar and.:complete his deposition on June 1, 2023. Followin·g the compliance, conference, the deposition of the defendant was rescheduled for September 18,. 2023, however, at defendant1s counsel requ.est th~ deposition was ?idjpurned. to October 31, 202~~ due to defendant's unavailability, A final j1re·-note cqnference order wa.s filed 9n or about Aug~st 25, 2023; and the defendant was ordered to appear for deposition on or before October 31, 2023. 1 1 of 4 ·······················--·-······-················---····-····- [* 1] ·············---------- ----·--············ ·················-······· .. FILED: KINGS COUNTY CLERK 05/23/2025 01:54 PM INDEX NO. 524142/2018 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 132 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 05/23/2025 On October 31, 2023, defendant's attorney notified plaintiffs counsel that the defendant was not avail.able for his deposition, Thereafter, plaintiff moved for an order -of preclusion due to plaintiff's· failure to appe:ar for his depo.sitioil, anc;I the coµrt ordered c;lefendant-"to appear for deposition on or about March 5:, 2024. Defendant faile:.d to appear for the court ordered depositions scheduled on March 5, 2024, aild July 17, 2024~ The court issued an order o.n May 26, 2024, which held th.at defendant/s· failure,. to comply would ·resuit ·in defen~ant being preclude·d from testifying at the time oftriaL Thereafter, another order was issued by the Central Complia.nce Part1 the Hon. Leon .Ruchelsman, which setforth new dates for the filing .of a Note of Issue on 5/2/2025 iand deposition: of the defendant on• 2/14/25. However:, the deposition o_f" the defendant has not taken place. Fir-st, this·courtwill address the telief sought pursuarit to CPLR3126._ Plaintiff moves to strike defendarit, Muhammad. Akhtar's affirmative defenses and preciud·e ·his testfo1ony at trial and/or ·submitting an affidavit i"n opposition to a summary Judgment motion. Based on the foregoing, the court finds that plaintiff's motion to strike and preclude should be granted. "While actions should be resolved on the merits, when possible, a court may strike_ an -answer upon a clear showing thai the defendant~s failure to comply with discqver_y demand or co,.ordered discovery was. the res!Jlt of willful and ·contumacious conduct." See,Seputveda v, 101 Wbodtuff Avenue Owner, LLC, 16€i AD.3i;f 835, ,89 N.Y.S.3cf 89 (2 nd Dept., 2018), citing; Ozeri v. Ozeri, 13.S_A.D.3d 838, s.3·9·,_23 N:Y.S.3d 363;.sadoyanv. Castro.102 A.D.3d 666, 667,-957 N.y_;·S·:2d 735; Carabello v. Luria, 49 A.D.3d":679, 853 N.v.s;id 663). A court can infer that a party is acting willfully and contumacious.ly thn;:iugh the p_arty' s repeated failure to respond to demands 'or to ciJmpJy With oiscovery. See, Sepulveda v~ 101 Woodruff Avenue Owner, LLC, .166 A.D.3d 835, 89 N.Y.S.3d 89 (2 nd Dept,, 2018), In oppqsition to plaintiff's motion~ .defendanfs attorney states that although call have been made to the defendant, and an investigator hired to locate defendant, theyhave not been able to get in to.uch with defendant. To date; the. defendant has not been located or heard-from. Th~ def~ndant i·s- required .to demonstrate --a reas·onable ex·cuse for Muhammad Akhtar s failure to appear for his deposition and a p.dtentially meritorious defense ..In Sepulveda v; 101 Woodruff Avenue Owner; LLC supra, the court held, without reaching the i_ssu_e of whether the_-.defendant demonstrated the existence of a ·potentially meritorious defense, that"the·factthc:1 t a defendant disappeared or made. himself or herself unavail_able is n_ot a basis for d.enying a motion to strike his· or her answer for·failure ~o· appe·a·r for a deposition. Next, this court will address plaintiff's motion for summary judgment on the issue of liability, lti.s well settled that to grantsumrnary J!,idgment, it must clearly appear that no material issue··of fact has been presented. See, Grassitk v.Hicksvil/e Union Free-Schoo/District, 231. kD.2d 604, 647 N.V.S.2d _973 (2 nd Dept., i996). ,iWhere the moving party h'aS demonstrated its 2 of 4 [* 2] FILED: KINGS COUNTY CLERK 05/23/2025 01:54 PM INDEX NO. 524142/2018 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 132 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 05/23/2025 :entitlement to- summary judgment, the. party opposing the motion must demonstrate. by admissible evidence the existence of a factual issue requiring the trial of the action.'1 S~e, Zuckerman v. City of New-York, 49 N.v.2·c1. 557, 427N_.v.s~2d-595 (1980). The papers-s1.1bmitted in the context ofthe.summaryju dgmerit niotionarevieWed in the light most favorableto the party opposing the motion. See, Marine Midland Bank, N.A. v. Dino v. Attle'sAutornatic Transmission Co.••16_8 A.D;2d 610 (2nd- Dept., 1990). lf.the·prima-fade showingha·s been met, the burden then shifts fo the-opposing.party to present sufficient.evidence to establish the existence of material issues of fact requiring a trial. See,._ CPLR. 3212[b]; Alvarez. v. Prospect Hosp., 68 N.Y.2d 320, -~08 N.Y.S.2d -9°23 (1986). A rear-.enci collision with- a stopped or stopping vehicle creates a prima facie cas.e of 11 negligence with respect to the operator ·of the rearmost vehicle:, thereby requiring th;:it operator to rebut the infe,rence of negligence by providing_ a non-negligent explanation for ·the collision." See, Edgerton v...cityof.New York; l60A.D,3d 809,·810, 74 N,Y;S.3d.617. The court finds that the plaintiff has established his. primafade entitlement to Judgment as a matter of law on the iss1,1e of liabili,y aga_inst thE! defenda_nt. The plaintiff's .depqsiti.Qn testimony and a'certified police accident n:iporf de"nionstrated that the plaintiff's vehicle was slowing down when .it -was ,struck in the. rear by defend_ant's vehicle. A driver of a vehide·-approachihg ancithervehiclefr om the rear 1s required to. maint~rn a reasonably:-safe distance and rate: ofspeed under prevailing conditions to avoid i;:pllidingw1th the other vehicle. See, Fischetti v. Simonovsky.,_;227:A.D.3d 67.0, 671,210 N.Y.S..3d 459,.quotingOrdo nez v. Lee; 177 A.D.3d 756,757, 110 N.Y.53d 3~~; see VE!hicle and Traffic law§ 1129[aJ), Defendant has f~iled to raise a tri~ble issue of fact regarding a non-n.efgligent explanation for the· rear-end ·collision. A plaintiff is no- longer required to show freedom from compari;ltive fault .in order to establish his or her prima facie entitlement to judgment ·as a matter of law on th·e issue of a defendant1 sliabilitY (see, Rodriquez V. City of New York, 31 N.Y.3d 312, 76 N.Y.S.3d 898; Merino v.· Tessel, ·166 A.D;Sd-760 1 87 N.Y.S-.3d 554). A driver of a vehicle approaching .another··vehicle. from the rE,!ar·is· required to ma.intaln a reasonab.ly safe distance· and rate of speed under the prevc1ilihg cohditionsto avoid colliding with the other vehicle, See, Vehicle and Traffic Law§ 1129{al. Due to defenciant'·s failure- to provide a non-negligent explanatio"n of the atciderit~ the plaintiff established that the defendant driver was the sole proximate cause of the accident which w.arra.rits d_ismissa_l of the -defendant's c!ffirmative· defens.e of comparative fault. See, Ya"waqyehtsdg v. Safeway Cdnstn.ictfr::m Enterprise {LC, 225 A.D.3d 827; 207 N.Y.5.3d 608 (2 nd Dept., 2024), where the court held that defendant driver's explanation for stri_kingthe plaintiff's vehi~le in the rear, to. wit, a sudden· stop, was: insufficient tq· raise a triable-issue of-fact as to defendant's negligence or whether the plaintiffs actions contributed to the happening of the acci~ent. ln the case at bar,_there i_s oo explc!nation.fromthe,d.efendant. as to how the accident occurred nor" as to how plaintiff's ··actions contributed. to the accident. Although the. is.sue of comparative fault generally presents a question of fact, that issue should be su_bmitted to a jury 3 3 of 4 [* 3] FILED: KINGS COUNTY CLERK 05/23/2025 01:54 PM INDEX NO. 524142/2018 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 132 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 05/23/2025 "only where there is a triable issue of fact as to whether the frontmost driver also operated his or her vehicle in a negligent manner. See, Clarke v. Phillips, 112 A.D.3d 872, 978 N.Y.S.2d 281 (2 nd Dept., 2013), citing, Gutierrez v. Trillium USA LLC., 111 A.D.3d 669, 974 N.Y.S.2d 563 (2 nd Dept., 2013). Based upon the foregoing, it is hereby ORDERED that the plaintiffs motion is hereby granted in the entirety and plaintiff is granted summary judgment on the issue of liability, and it is further ORDERED that the defendant's affirmative defenses of contributory negligence, culpable conduct, assumption of risk, emergency situation and failure to wear a seatbelt are hereby stricken, and it is further ORDERED that the defendant, Muhammad Akhtar is precluded from offering testimony at the time of trial unless he has complied with discovery orders requiring defendant to appear for a deposition, and it is further ORDERED that all discovery issues are to be heard by the Central Compliance Part before the Hon. Leon Ruchelsman. This constitutes the order of this court. Dated: Brooklyn, New York May 12, 2025 ...... - __-~ ,_, c:, ~ ~ :z: ... _ ::i> U> ('") -< ....., N rr11· Z<=o ' -i l> 0 -< C") -:9 r- ri, .:=- ;:o 0 4 4 of 4 [* 4] --- Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11063317. Public record. Not legal advice.