# Peay v. Rivello

> District Court, M.D. Pennsylvania · May 13, 2025

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11050305

## Case

- **Court:** District Court, M.D. Pennsylvania
- **Decided:** May 13, 2025
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

## Citator (automated)

- No negative treatment found by the automated citator. That is not the same as a confirmation that the case is good law; read the citing cases.
- Full citator and citing cases: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11050305

## How later opinions describe it (automated extraction)

- noting that even violations of state law will not automatically have a “constitutional dimension”
- finding no due process violation where inmate alleged the defendants had knowledge of the incident and “exercised acquiescence” by “approving false misconduct reports, affirming sanctions, or refusing to investigate the assault’
- finding that falsifying misconduct reports in retaliation for an inmate's resort to legal process is a violation of the First Amendment

## Opinion text

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
JALIK PEAY, Civil No. 3:24-cv-1367
Plaintiff (Judge Mariani)
v .
JOHN RIVELLO, ef al, .
Defendants
MEMORANDUM
Plaintiff Jalik Peay (“Peay”), an inmate in the custody of the Pennsylvania
Department of Corrections (“DOC”), initiated this civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §
1983. (Doc. 1). The matter is proceeding via a second amended complaint. (Doc. 14).
The remaining Defendants are Superintendent John Rivello, Deputy Superintendent Jon
Kohler, Major W. House, Deputy Superintendent Jill Spyker, Correctional Officer E. Heaster,
Correctional Officer Mozley, Correctional Officer Tucker, Correctional Officer McCulley,
Correctional Officer Fowler, Correctional Officer Suydam, Correctional Officer J. Watt,
Correctional Officer Hail, Correctional Officer S. Kyle, Hearing Examiner Scott Ellenberger,
and Chief Hearing Examiner Moslak (collectively, the “DOC Defendants’).
Presently pending before the Court is a motion (Doc. 21) to dismiss pursuant to
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) filed on behalf of the DOC Defendants. The motion
is ripe for resolution. For the reasons set forth below, the motion will be granted in part and
denied in part.

I. Factual Aliegations’
The crux of Peay’s claim is that Defendants retaliated against him and violated his
right to due process. (Doc. 14).
Peay alleges that, on April 13, 2024, officers searched his cell for contraband and
allegedly found nothing. (/d. § 21). Peay asserts that he was placed in the Restricted
Housing Unit (“RHU”) for 12 days during an investigation. (/d. ] 26; Doc. 24, at 2). While in
the RHU, Peay maintains that he did not receive a confiscated items receipt in relation to
the cell search. (Doc. 14 20; Doc. 24, at 2).
Peay next alleges that he was molested by correctional officers on June 5, 2024.
(Doc. 14-10; Doc. 24, at 2). Peay does not identify the correctional officers who allegedly
molested him. (See generally Doc. 14). Peay asserts that he reported this sexual abuse to
the Pennsylvania State Police (“PSP”) on July 9, 2024. (Doc. 14 J 24; Doc. 24, at 3).
Two days later, on July 11, 2024, Defendant Watt allegedly issued a retaliatory
misconduct against Peay charging him with possession of contraband related to the cell
search on April 13, 2024. (Doc. 14 J 19; Doc. 14-1). Peay again alleges that he did not
receive a confiscated items receipt, in violation of DOC policy. (Doc. 14 20), 22).
On July 15, 2024, Peay appeared before Hearing Examiner Ellenberger. (/d. {| 23).
Defendant Ellenberger found Peay guilty of the misconduct charges and sarictioned him

+ For purposes of this Memorandum, the Court only includes the allegations pertaining to the
DOC Defendants.

with 60 days in disciplinary confinement and no-contact visiting restrictions. (/d. { 26).
Peay appealed this decision to the Program Review Committee (“PRC”), which included
Defendants Kohler and Spyker. (/d. 27). On July 30, 2024, the PRC upheld the decision
of Hearing Examiner Ellenberger. (/d. { 28). Peay alleges that Defendants Kohler and
Spyker were “complicit in the retaliation when they signed off’ on Peay’s guilty verdict. (/d.
q 29).
On August 8, 2024, Peay appealed to Defendant Rivello, who upheld the decision of
Hearing Examiner Ellenberger. (/d. J 36). Peay alleges that Defendant Rivello was
“complicit in the retaliation when he upheld the findings and sustained the decision of the
hearing examiner.” (Id. J 37).
On August 15, 2024, Peay appealed to Defendant Moslak, the Chief Hearing
Examiner. (/d. 39). Defendant Moslak denied the appeal and concluded that the Hearing
Examiner's findings were supported by the evidence presented at the hearing. (/d. { 40).
Peay alleges that Defendant Moslak was complicit in the retaliation when he denied his
appeal. (/d.).
Based on these allegations, Peay sets forth the following claims for relief.
Peay alleges that Defendants Watt, Ellenberger, Kohler, Spyker, and Rivello
retaliated against him by imposing no-contact visits and subjecting him to unwarranted
disciplinary time in solitary confinement. (/d. { 45).

Peay further alleges that Defendant Ellenberger disregarded DOC policy, and in
doing so violated his Fourteenth Amendment right to due process. (/d. {J 26-27). Finally,
he alleges that Defendants Ellenberger, Kohler, Spyker, and Rivello falsified documentation
in order to find Peay guilty of the misconduct. (/d. 47).
Il. Legal Standards
A. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6)
A complaint must be dismissed under FED. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6), if it does not allege
“enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Bell Atl. Corp. v.
Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). The plaintiff must aver “factual content that allows the
court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct
alleged.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662 (2009).
“Though a complaint ‘does not need detailed factual allegations, ...a formulaic
recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not do.” De/Rio-Mocci v. Connolly
Properties Inc., 672 F.3d 241, 245 (3d Cir. 2012) (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555). In
other words, “[flactual allegations must be enough to raise a right to relief above the
speculative level.” Covington v. Int'l Ass’n of Approved Basketball Officials, 710 F.3d 114,
118 (3d Cir. 2013) (internal citations and quotation marks omitted). A court “take[s] as true
all the factual allegations in the Complaint and the reasonable inferences that can be drawn
from those facts, but ... disregard[s] legal conclusions and threadbare recitals of the
elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements.” Ethypharm S.A.

France v. Abbott Laboratories, 707 F.3d 223, 231, n.14 (3d Cir. 2013) (internal citations and
quotation marks omitted).
Twombly and Iqbal require [a district court] to take the following three steps to
determine the sufficiency of a complaint: First, the court must take note of the elements a
plaintiff must plead to state a claim. Second, the court should identify allegations that,
because they are no more than conclusions, are not entitled to the assumption of truth.
Finally, where there are well-pleaded factual allegations, a court should assume their
veracity and then determine whether they plausibly give rise to an entitlement for relief.
Connelly v. Steel Valley Sch. Dist., 706 F.3d 209, 212 (3d Cir. 2013).
“(W)here the well-pleaded facts do not permit the court to infer more than the mere
possibility of misconduct, the complaint has alleged - but it has not show(n] -that the
pleader is entitled to relief.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 679 (internal citations and quotation marks
omitted). This “plausibility” determination will be a “context-specific task that requires the
reviewing court to draw on its judicial experience and common sense.” /d.
However, even “if a complaint is subject to Rule 12(b)(6) dismissal, a district court
must permit a curative amendment unless such an amendment would be inequitable or
futile.” Phillips v. Cnty. of Allegheny, 515 F.3d 224, 245 (3d Cir. 2008). “[E]ven when
plaintiff does not seek leave to amend his complaint after a defendant moves to dismiss it,
unless the district court finds that amendment would be inequitable or futile, the court must
inform the plaintiff that he or she has leave to amend the complaint within a set period of

time. Id.
B. Section 1983
Section 1983 provides, in pertinent part, as follows:
Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom,
or usage, of any State or Territory or the District of Columbia, subjects, or
causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within
the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or
immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party
injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for
redress.
See 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Thus, “Section 1983 imposes civil liability upon any person who,
acting under the color of state law, deprives another individual of any rights, privileges, or
immunities secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States.” Shuman v. Penn
Manor School Dist., 422 F.3d 141, 146 (3d Cir. 2005) (citation omitted). Section 1983 “does
not create any new substantive rights but instead provides a remedy for the violation of a
federal constitutional or statutory right.” /d. (citation omitted).
lll. Discussion
A. Retaliation Claim
Peay lodges a retaliation claim against Defendants Watt, Ellenberger, Kohler,
Spyker, Rivello, and Moslak. First, he alleges that Defendant Watt issued aretiliatory
misconduct against him. (Doc. 14 4 19). Second, he alleges that Defendants Watt,
Ellenberger, Kohler, Spyker, and Rivello retaliated against him by imposing no-contact visits
and subjecting him to unwarranted disciplinary time in solitary confinement. (/d. 945). And

third, Peay alleges that Defendants Kohler, Spkyer, Moslak, and Rivello were complicit in
the retaliation when they signed off on his guilty verdict at his misconduct hearing. (/d. □□□□
29, 37, 40).
1. Defendants Watt and Ellenberger
To prevail on his retaliation claim, Peay must demonstrate that: (1) he engaged in
constitutionally protected conduct; (2) he suffered an adverse action at the hands of prison
officials; and (3) his constitutionally protected conduct was a substantial or motivating factor
in the decision to take the adverse action. Watson v. Rozum, 834 F.3d 417, 422 (3d Cir.
2016) (citing Rauser v. Horn, 241 F.3d 330, 333-34 (3d Cir. 2001)). An “adverse action” is

one that would “deter a person of ordinary firmness” from exercising his First Amendment
rights. Allah v. Seiverling, 229 F.3d 220, 225 (3d Cir. 2000) (quoting Suppan v. Dadonna,
203 F.3d 228, 235 (3d Cir. 2000)). Retaliatory motive can be inferred from either: (1) an
unusually suggestive temporal proximity between the protected activity and the alleged
retaliatory action; or (2) a pattern of antagonism coupled with timing that suggests a causal
link. Id. (citing Lauren W. ex rel. Jean W. v. DeFlaminis, 480 F.3d 259, 267 (3d Cir. 2007)).
Once a plaintiff has established that he was subjected to a retaliatory disciplinary measure,
the burden shifts to the defendants to demonstrate by a preponderance of the evidence that
they would have made the same penological decision absent the protected conduct.
Rauser, 241 F.3d at 334. This determination requires the court to “evaluate ‘the quantum of
evidence” in support of the misconduct “to determine whether the prison officials’ decision

to discipline an inmate for his violations of prison policy was within the broad discretion we
must afford them.” Watson, 834 F.3d at 426.
Peay alleges that, in retaliation for reporting sexual abuse to the PSP on July 9,
2024, Defendants filed a false misconduct against him. (Doc. 14 24). Defendants
acknowledge that reporting sexual abuse to the PSP is a constitutionally protected activity.
(Doc. 22, at 8).
Peay asserts that he suffered adverse action in the form of a false misconduct
issued on July 11, 2024. (Doc. 14 J 19). Allegations of being falsely charged with
misconduct based on retaliatory motives generally satisfies the requirement that an inmate
establish whether the actions purportedly taken in retaliation for this conduct are sufficiently
“adverse” to constitute constitutionally cognizable infringements. See Smith v. Mensinger,
293 F.3d 641, 653 (2002) (finding that falsifying misconduct reports in retaliation for an
inmate's resort to legal process is a violation of the First Amendment).
With respect to the last Rauser prong, Peay alleges that his report to the PSP was a
substantial or motivating factor in the Defendants’ decision to issue him a false misconduct
report. (Doc. 14 § 24).
The retaliation claim will proceed as Peay has clearly set forth sufficient allegations
to state a retaliation claim against Defendants Watt and Ellenberger.?

2 Defendants invoke the same decision defense. (Doc. 22, at 11-13). They argue that they
would have taken the same disciplinary action even in the absence of the protected activity, because “it is
undisputed that Plaintiff possessed contraband.” (/d. at 12). A determination regarding this claim goes
beyond the pleadings and is not appropriately considered in the context of a Rule 12 motion.

2. Defendants Kohler, Spkyer, Mosiak, and Rivello
Defendants next argue that the retaliation claim against Kohler, Spyker, Moslak, and
Rivello should be dismissed because Peay does not adequately allege facts to support their
personal involvement. (Doc. 22, at 9-11).
To establish personal liability against a defendant in a section 1983 action, the
defendant must have personal involvement in the alleged wrongs; liability cannot be
predicated solely on the operation of respondeat superior. Rizzo v. Goode, 423 U.S. 362
(1976). Accordingly, individual liability can be imposed under section 1983 only if the state
actor played an “affirmative part’ in the alleged misconduct. Rode v. Dellarciprete, 845 F.2d
1195, 1207 (3d Cir. 1988); Chinchello v. Fenton, 805 F.2d 126, 133 (3d Cir. 1986). In cases
where the defendant is a supervisor and the misconduct is committed by the supervisor
defendant’s subordinate, it can also be shown through evidence that: (1) the supervisor
defendant personally directed their subordinate to engage in the wrongful conduct at issue;
or (2) the supervisor defendant had actual knowledge and acquiesced in the wrongful
conduct at issue. Dooley v. Wetzel, 957 F.3d 366, 374 (3d Cir. 2020) (quoting Rode, 845
F.2d at 1207). Personal involvement must be pled with appropriate particularity. Rode, 845
F.2d at 1207.
Peay’s retaliation claim against Kohler, Spyker, Moslak and Rivello is bassed on their
denials of Peay’s appeals of the misconduct report. (Doc. 14 ff] 29, 37, 40). Specifically,
the second amended complaint alleges that Defendants Kohler and Spyker were “complicit

in the retaliation when they signed off’ on Peay’s guilty verdict (id. | 29); Defendant Rivello

was “complicit in the retaliation when he upheld the findings and sustained the decision of
the hearing examiner” (id. J 37); and Defendant Moslak was complicit in the retaliation when
he denied his appeal (id. 40). Based on these allegations, it is apparent that Peay is
attempting to hold Kohler, Spyker, Moslak, and Rivello liable based on their responses to
the appeals of a misconduct charge. This type of averment is insufficient to establish
personal involvement in the deprivation of a constitutional right. See, e.g., Holden v.
Wetzel, 2021 WL 1090638, at *15 (W.D. Pa. Mar. 22, 2021) (citing Powell v. McKeown,
2020 WL 4530727, at *10-12 (M.D. Pa. Aug. 6, 2020) (holding that claims against chief
hearing examiner based on underlying procedural deficiencies and failure to respond
favorably to plaintiffs appeals from disciplinary proceedings were insufficient to for liability
under § 1983)); Kloss v. SCI-Albion, 2018 WL 4609144, at *4 (W.D. Pa. Aug. 15, 2018)
(allegation that supervisory defendant was “made aware of several issues of the plaintiffs
and...failed to help him” is insufficient to state a claim for relief); see also Sims v. Wexford
Health Sources, 635 F. App’x 16, 19-20 (3d Cir. 2015) (“If an official’s only involvement is
the investigation or adjudication of an inmate grievance after the event giving rise to the
grievance has happened, that is not considered to be personal involvement.”) (citing Rode,
845 F.2d at 1208)). Accordingly, the retaliation claim against Kohler, Spyker, Moslak, and
Rivello will be dismissed as Peay has not plausibly alleged their personal involvement.

10

B. Due Process Claim
Peay alleges that his Fourteenth Amendment rights were violated based on the
violation of DOC policy. (Doc. 1 ff] 26, 41). He further alleges that Defendants Ellenberger,
Kohler, Spyker, and Rivello falsified documentation in order to find Peay guilty of the
misconduct. (Id. J] 47).
1. Alleged Violation of DOC Policy
Peay alleges that he did not receive a confiscated items receipt, in violation of an
internal DOC policy. (Doc. 14 J 20, 22). However, a violation of prison policy is not
equivalent to a constitutional violation. It is axiomatic that “a prison policy manual does not
have the force of law and does not rise to the level of a regulation” and that “a violation of
internal policy does not automatically rise to the level of a Constitutional violation. Atwell v.
Lavan, 557 F. Supp. 2d 532, 556 n.24 (M.D. Pa. 2007) (citations omitted); see Bullard v.
Scism, 449 F. App’x 232, 235 (3d Cir. 2011) (explaining that, even if prison officials violated

a regulation, such a violation “is not actionable”); see also United States v. Jiles, 658 F.2d
194, 200 (3d Cir. 1981) (noting that even violations of state law will not automatically have a
“constitutional dimension”). Moreover, Peay acknowledges that “the D.O.C. policies do not
apply to this court[,] he only wants to show how the defendant{s] disregarded their own
policies to furtaer tneir retaliation upon the plaintiff.” (Doc. 144,35). Peay’s complain: about
the alleged violation of DOC policy does not rise to the level of a constitutional violation and
will be dismissed.

11

2. Fabrication of Evidence Claim
Peay brings a claim against Defendants Ellenberger, Kohler, Spyker, and Rivello for
falsifying documents in order to find him guilty of the disciplinary infractions that resulted in
Peay having to serve 60 days in segregation. (Doc. 14 ]] 47).
“[T]he filing of a fraudulent misconduct report and related disciplinary sanctions do
not without more violate due process.” Seville v. Martinez, 130 F. App’x 549, 551 (3d Cir.
2005) (per curiam). As stated in Freeman v. Rideout, 808 F.2d 949 (2d Cir. 1986), a “prison
inmate has no constitutionally guaranteed immunity from being falsely or wrongly accused
of conduct which may result in the deprivation of a protected liberty interest.” /d. at 951.
However, the “plaintiff, as all other prison inmates, has the right not to be deprived of a
protected liberty interest without due process of law.” /d. Consequently, “[d]ue process is
satisfied where an inmate is afforded an opportunity to be heard and to defend against the
allegedly false misconduct reports.” Thomas v. McCoy, 467 F. App’x 94, 97 (3d Cir. 2012)
(per curiam); Smith, 293 F.3d at 654 (“[S]o long as certain procedural requirements are
satisfied, mere allegations of falsified evidence or misconduct reports, without more, are not
enough to state a due process claim.”).
The Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits states from
“depriv[ing] any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.” U.S. CONST.
amend. XIV, § 1. The Supreme Court has mandated a two-part analysis of a procedural
due process claim: first, “whether the asserted individual interests are encompassed within

12

the...protection of ‘life, liberty or property[,|’” and second, “if protected interests are
implicated, we then must decide what procedures constitute ‘due process of law.”
Ingraham v. Wright, 430 U.S. 651, 672 (1977). If there is no protected liberty or property
interest, it is unnecessary to analyze what procedures were followed when an alleged
deprivation of an interest occurred.
In Sandin v. Conner, 515 U.S. 472 (1995), the Supreme Court shifted the focus of
the liberty interest analysis from one “based on the language of a particular regulation” to
“the nature of the deprivation” experienced by the prisoner. /d. at 481. The Court reasoned
that “[djiscipline by prison officials in response to a wide range of misconduct” is expected
as part of an inmate’s sentence. /d. at 485. Accordingly, the Sandin Court, focusing on the
nature of the punishment instead of on the words of any regulation, held that the procedural
protections in Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539 (1974), were inapplicable because the
“discipline in segregated confinement did not present the type of atypical, significant
deprivation in which a state might conceivably create a liberty interest.” Sandin, 515 U.S. at
486. For a prisoner, such a deprivation occurs when the prison “imposes atypical and
significant hardship on the inmate in relation to the ordinary incidents of prison life.” Id. at
484.
Thus, to state a plausible claim based on the filing of falsified evidence, Peay must
allege that he was denied an “opportunity to confront and challenge the allegedly perjured
testimony offered in support of the misconduct reports.” Smith, 293 F.3d at 654. Peay does

13

not allege that he was denied an opportunity to challenge the alleged falsified evidence.
Rather, Peay attended his misconduct hearing and followed all steps through the
misconduct appeal process. At each level, Peay raised his allegation that documents were
falsified and that his due process rights were violated. (Doc. 14 Ff] 22-23, 26, 27, 36, 39;
Doc. 23, at 4-5; Doc. 24, at 3-4). Peay also alleges that he fully exhausted his
administrative remedies through the grievance system. (/d. J 44). It appears that Peay had
the opportunity to challenge and confront the alleged falsified documents, satisfying the
procedural due process requirements. See Thomas, 467 F. App’x at 97. Further, any
allegation that Defendants Ellenberger, Kohler, Spyker, and Rivello failed to properly
investigate the misconduct, does not form the basis of a due process claim. See
McCullough v. Miller, 330 F. App’x 330, 333 (3d Cir. 2009) (finding no due process violation
where inmate alleged the defendants had knowledge of the incident and “exercised
acquiescence” by “approving false misconduct reports, affirming sanctions, or refusing to
investigate the assault’). Accordingly, Peay’s due process claim against Defendants
Ellenberger, Kohler, Spyker, and Rivello based on the alleged falsified documents will be
dismissed.
C. Lack of Personal Involvement
As stated, in order to plausibly state a claim under Section 1983, a plaintiff must
allege that each defendant was personally involved in the act or acts that he claims violated
his federally protected rights. See Rode, 845 F.2d at 1207. “A plaintiff makes sufficient

14

allegations of a defendant's personal involvement by describing the defendant’s
participation in or actual knowledge of and acquiescence in the wrongful conduct.”
Chavarriaga v. New Jersey Dep't of Corr., 806 F.3d 210, 222 (3d Cir. 2015) (citing Rode,
845 F.2d at 1207); Dooley, 957 F.3d at 374 (stating that “[pJersonal involvement requires
particular ‘allegations of personal direction or of actual knowledge and acquiescence”
(quoting Rode, 845 F.2d at 1207)). Thus, in pursuing any Section 1983 claim against prison
Officials, a plaintiff may not rely solely on respondeat superior, see id. (citation omitted),
which is a theory of liability that “arises ‘solely on the basis of the existence of an employer-
employee relationship,’ regardless of whether the employer had any part in causing harm[,]’
Santiago v. Warminster Twp., 629 F.3d 121, 128 (3d Cir. 2010) (quoting Monell v. Dep't of
Soc. Servs. of New York, 436 U.S. 658, 692 (1978)). Allegations that broadly implicate
multiple defendants without delineating individual conduct are legally insufficient. See Van
Tassel v. Piccione, 608 F. App’x 66, 69-70 (3d Cir. 2015).
Peay has named House, Heaster, Mozley, Tucker, McCulley, Fowler, Suydam, Hall,
and Kyle as Defendants in the second amended complaint. (Doc. 14). However, there is a
complete absence of factual allegations in the second amended complaint which would
establish how these Defendants were personally involved in a violation of Peay’s
constitutional rights. See Dooley, 957 F.3d at 374 (stating that “[pJersonal involvement
requires particular ‘allegations of personal direction or of actual knowledge and
acquiescence” (quoting Rode, 845 F.2d at 1207)); Thomas v. Tice, 948 F.3d 133, 138 (3d

15

Cir. 2020) (explaining that, in order for a plaintiff to prevail under Section 1983, he must
make “a showing that each defendant was personally involved in the alleged wrongdoing’).
There are simply no factual allegations against Defendants House, Heaster, Mozley,
Tucker, McCulley, Fowler, Suydam, Hall, and Kyle in the second amended complaint, which
is insufficient to demonstrate their necessary personal involvement in the alleged
unconstitutional conduct. See Chavarriaga, 806 F.3d at 222 (explaining that the plaintiff's
allegations did not describe the defendants’ conduct in sufficient detail so as to support the
plaintiffs conclusory allegations that the defendants had any personal involvement in any
violation of her constitutional rights, as required by Section 1983 (citation omitted)); see also
Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (stating that legal conclusions are “not entitled to be assumed true”
(citation omitted)).
In his opposition brief, Peay argues that “House, Heaster, Mozley, Tucker, McCulley,
Fowler, Suydam, Hall, [and] Kyle...are named as defendants in the second [a]mended
complaint because they all know of the retaliation due to Mozley, Tucker, McCulley, Fowler,
[and] Suydam being the genesis defendants in the original complaint and the retaliation is
due to Plaintiff filing paperwork against them and giving a statement to the state police
against them.” (Doc. 23, at 5). He further states that “he only wished to incorporate all the
allegation(s) and exhibit(s) to show the pattern of ill behavior and negligerice ion beralif o* all
the defendants.” (/d.). Peay’s opposing argument confirms that he has not set forth any

16

factual allegations against these Defendants in the second amended complaint and seeks
to incorporate allegations from his prior complaint. (/d.).
“In general, an amended pleading supersedes the original pleading and renders the
original pleading a nullity.” Garreft v. Wexford Health, 938 F.3d 69, 82 (3d Cir. 2019).
Because the second amended complaint adds new allegations and supersedes the first
amended complaint, Peay cannot rely on the allegations set forth in the prior complaint.
Accordingly, any Section 1983 claims against Defendants House, Heaster, Mozley, Tucker,
McCulley, Fowler, Suydam, Hall, and Kyle are subject to dismissal for Peay’s failure to
allege their personal involvement. Peay will be granted leave to amend his claims against
these Defendants to allege their personal involvement in the retaliation claim arising out of
April 2024.
IV. Leave to Amend
The Third Circuit has instructed that if a complaint is vulnerable to dismissal for
failure to state a claim, the district court must permit a curative amendment, unless an
amendment would be inequitable or futile. Grayson v. Mayview State Hosp., 293 F.3d 103,
108 (3d Cir. 2002). Further, “[a] district court has ‘substantial leeway in deciding whether to
grant leave to amend.” /n re Avandia Mktg., Sales Practices & Prod. Liab. Litig., 564 F.
App’x 672, 673 (3d Cir. 2014) (quoting Lake v. Arnold, 232 F.3d 360, 373 (3d Cir. 2000)).
The Court finds that the following claims are factually and legally flawed: the retaliation
claim against Defendants Kohler, Spyker, Moslak, and Rivello; the claim related to the

17

violation of DOC policy; and the due process claim against Defendants Ellenberger, Kohler,
Spyker, and Rivello. Therefore, the Court concludes that granting Peay leave to file a third
amended complaint with respect to these claims would be a futile endeavor.
The Court will grant Peay leave to amend his claims against Defendants House,
Heaster, Mozley, Tucker, McCulley, Fowler, Suydam, Hall, and Kyle to allege any personal
involvement in the retaliation claim arising out of April 2024.
V. Conclusion
Consistent with the foregoing, the Rule 12(b)(6) motion (Doc. 21) to dismiss filed on
behalf of the DOC Defendants will be granted in part and denied in part. The retaliation
claim against Defendants Kohler, Spyker, Moslak, and Rivello will be dismissed. The claim
related to the alleged violation of DOC policy will also be dismissed. The Fourteenth
Amendment due process claim against Defendants Ellenberger, Kohler, Spyker, and Rivello
will be dismissed. Finally, the claims against Defendants House, Heaster, Mozley, Tucker,
McCulley, Fowler, Suydam, Hall, and Kyle will be dismissed with leave to amend only to
allege their personal involvement in the retaliation claim arising out of April 2024.
The retaliation claim against Defendants Watt and Ellenberger will proceed.
A separate Order shall issue. a
Cy pes a
Robert D. Mariani
‘ United States District Judge
Dated: May Sh, 2025
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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/11050305. Public record. Not legal advice.