# Rules Regulating the Florida Bar > Supreme Court of Florida · September 11, 1986 · 494 So. 2d 977 URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/1094535 ## Case - **Court:** Supreme Court of Florida - **Decided:** September 11, 1986 - **Citations:** 494 So. 2d 977 - **Precedential status:** Published - **Opinion:** Opinion - **Cited by:** 45 later opinions in the Frix Law Library ## Citator (automated) - No negative treatment found by the automated citator. That is not the same as a confirmation that the case is good law; read the citing cases. - Full citator and citing cases: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/1094535 ## Opinion text 494 So.2d 977 (1986) THE FLORIDA BAR RE RULES REGULATING THE FLORIDA BAR. Nos. 65197, 65877, 67085 and 68293. Supreme Court of Florida. July 17, 1986. On Rehearing September 11, 1986. Joseph J. Reiter, President, West Palm Beach, Ray Ferrero, Jr., President-elect, Fort Lauderdale, John F. Harkness, Jr., Executive Director, John T. Berry, Staff Counsel, Dennis S. Crowley, Ethics Counsel, John A. Boggs, Director of Lawyer Regulation, and Michael A. Tartaglia, Director of Public Interest Programs, Tallahassee, D. Culver Smith III, Chairman, Special Study Committee on Lawyer Referral Services, Palm Beach, and Phyllis Shampanier, Chairwoman, Integration Rule and Bylaws Committee, Miami Beach, Bill Wagner, Chairman, Committee on Proposed Rules Regulating The Florida Bar, Tampa, Thomas M. Ervin, Jr., Chairman, Disciplinary Procedure Committee, Tallahassee, James P. Hahn, Chairman, Standing Committee on the Unauthorized Practice of Law, Lakeland, Catherine L. Dickson, UPL Counsel, Tallahassee, Stephen D. Busey, Chairman, Special Study Committee on the Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Jacksonville, Robert E. Livingston, Chairman, Program Evaluation Committee, Miami, and Stephen A. Rappenecker, Chairman, Bd. of Certification, Designation & Advertising, Gainesville, for petitioner, The Florida Bar. Henry P. Trawick, Jr., Sarasota, Wilson Jerry Foster, Tallahassee, Andrew G. Pattillo, Jr., President and Jane E. Robertson, Executive Director of The Florida Bar Foundation, Orlando, Michael E. Allen, President, Florida Public Defender Association, Tallahassee, John C. Shepherd, Office of the President, American Bar Association, Chicago, Ill., J. Paul McGrath, Asst. Atty. Gen., Antitrust Div., U.S. Dept. of Justice, Washington, D.C., Jeffrey H. Barker, Executive Director, Florida Legal Services, Inc., Tallahassee, on behalf of Florida Clients Counsel, Common Cause, Florida Institutional Legal Services, Inc., Gulf-coast Legal Services, Inc., and Al Hadeed, Russell E. Carlisle, Chairman, Florida Bar Commission on Access to the Legal System, Fort Lauderdale, Stephen T. Maher, Attorney at Law, University of Miami School of Law, Coral Gables, and Neil Chonin, Coral Gables, responding. Charles A. Kimbrell, Chairman, Florida State Committee, Miami, Robert M. Ervin, Sp. Florida Counsel, Tallahassee, and Gene W. Lafitte, President, New Orleans, La., for The American College of Trial Lawyers, amicus curiae. PER CURIAM. In November 1984 this Court heard oral argument in case numbers 65,197 and 65,877, encompassing a total revision of the bar rules. [*] Since that time, numerous petitions for revision of both the currently existing bar rules and of the proposed new rules have been filed with and considered by the Court, and the proposed new rules have been revised several times. After rearranging and revising portions of the bar's proposed rules, we now adopt these new rules, entitled "Rules Regulating the Florida Bar." As can be seen in the new rules, the integration rule, bylaws, and code of professional responsibility no longer exist as separate entities. Rather, all rules pertaining to the bar have been integrated, in a chapter format, into a single document. It is the revisers' hope, as well as the Court's, that this new arrangement will make it easier to find things in the rules. Several noteworthy changes have been made from the current rules and from the board's proposals. For instance, while *978 amendments to most of the rules still must be through petition to this Court, chapters 2, 7, and 9 can be amended by the board of governors without petitioning the Court. See rule 2-10. Dues, however, are still capped, and this Court will have to be petitioned for changes in the amount of members' dues. The new rules also provide for nonlawyer members of the board of governors; the period for disbarment has been raised to five years; and there are numerous changes in the disciplinary process, now set out in chapter 3. A few of the changes made by the Court in the board's proposal include: an addition to rule 4-3.6 regarding persons making extrajudicial statements in criminal cases; a proviso regarding holding and maintaining property as a client wishes added to rule 4-1.15(a); and expansion of confidentiality in minor misconduct reports in 3-5.1(b). Also, rule 4-7.3, as originally proposed, prohibited direct mail solicitation of persons known to have specific legal problems. After studying this matter, we have concluded that such mailing cannot be prohibited. Instead, we have revised rule 4-7.3 to regulate, rather than proscribe, such communications. If this regulation proves unworkable or if a pattern of abuse in direct mailings is established, we will consider amending the solicitation rule. The rules as finally adopted also include recent amendments regarding confidentiality for attorneys seeking treatment for alcohol abuse, 490 So.2d 937 (Fla. 1986), contingent fees, 494 So.2d 960 (Fla. 1986), and graduation from an accredited law school for emeritus attorneys, 490 So.2d 947 (Fla. 1986). The rules will be printed in both this year's edition of the bar Journal and the West rules pamphlet. We express our thanks to all members and officers of the bar who worked on these revisions and who favored the Court with their comments and suggestions regarding the proposed rules. These rules will become effective at 12:01 a.m., January 1, 1987, and we urge all members of the bar to familiarize themselves with these new rules. It is so ordered. McDONALD, C.J., and ADKINS, BOYD, OVERTON, EHRLICH, SHAW and BARKETT, JJ., concur. ON REHEARING GRANTED The board of governors of the Florida Bar has filed a petition for rehearing or clarification regarding this Court's adoption of new bar rules. The board seeks amendment of the opinion itself as to the applicability of the new rules as well as changes in the text of the rules to correct errors in and omissions from the rules as submitted by the board and requests rewording of several provisions. After reviewing these matters we adopt the changes set out in the petition. The last sentence of our original opinion is revised to read as follows: These rules will become effective at 12:01 a.m. on January 1, 1987. Thereafter, the Rules Regulating the Florida Bar shall govern the conduct of all members of the Florida Bar. All disciplinary cases pending as of 12:01 a.m. January 1, 1987 shall thereafter be processed in accordance with the procedures set forth in the Rules Regulating the Florida Bar. We urge all members of the bar to familiarize themselves with these new rules. The individual pages of the rules affected by the changes adopted hereby are attached to this rehearing opinion. [**] It is so ordered. McDONALD, C.J., and ADKINS, BOYD, OVERTON, EHRLICH, SHAW and BARKETT, JJ., concur. *979 RULES REGULATING THE FLORIDA BAR Chapter 1 GENERAL The Supreme Court of Florida by these rules establishes the authority and responsibilities of The Florida Bar, an official arm of the Court. 1-1 Name. The name of the body regulated by these rules shall be THE FLORIDA BAR. 1-2 Purpose. The purpose of The Florida Bar shall be to inculcate in its members the principles of duty and service to the public, to improve the administration of justice, and to advance the science of jurisprudence. 1-3 Membership. 1-3.1 Composition. The membership of The Florida Bar shall be composed of all persons who are admitted by this Court to the practice of law in this state and who maintain their membership in good standing pursuant to these rules. 1-3.2 Active members. Active members of The Florida Bar in good standing shall mean only those persons licensed to practice law in Florida who have paid annual membership fees or dues for the current year and who are not retired, resigned, delinquent or suspended members. A practicing attorney of another state, in good standing, who has professional business in a court of record of this state may, upon motion, be permitted to practice for the purpose of such business upon such conditions as the court deems appropriate under the circumstances of the case. 1-3.3 Official bar address. Each member of The Florida Bar shall designate an official bar mailing address and business telephone number. If the address given is not the physical location or street address of the principal place of employment, then such information shall also be given. Each member shall promptly notify the executive director of any changes in any information required by this rule. 1-3.4 Resignation. A member of The Florida Bar in good standing may, upon petition to and with the approval of the board of governors, resign from The Florida Bar and thereupon, unless again admitted or reinstated, shall not practice law in this state nor be entitled to any privileges and benefits accorded to active members of The Florida Bar in good standing. 1-3.5 Retirement. Any member of The Florida Bar who shall have attained the age of seventy (70) years of age or who shall have practiced law in the State of Florida for thirty-five (35) years or who shall establish under rules of procedure adopted by the board of governors that the member is physically disabled to the extent that the member cannot engage in the practice of law may retire from The Florida Bar upon certification by the board of governors that such member meets the requirements of this rule and thereupon, unless again admitted or reinstated, shall not practice law in this state. A retired member shall be entitled to receive such other privileges as the board of governors may authorize. 1-3.6 Delinquent members. Any person now or hereafter licensed to practice law in Florida who fails to pay dues as provided herein shall be deemed a delinquent member. While occupying the status of a delinquent member, no person shall engage in the practice of law nor be entitled to any privileges and benefits accorded to active members of The Florida Bar in good standing. 1-3.7 Reinstatement to active membership. (a) Persons who have become delinquent members or persons who have retired or resigned from membership in The Florida Bar for a period of time not in excess of five (5) years may be reinstated to active membership by the board of governors. The applicant must file a petition with the board of governors setting forth the reason for such resignation, retirement, or delinquency and showing good cause why the petition for reinstatement should be granted. The petition shall be on a form approved *980 by the board of governors and the petitioner shall furnish such information on such form as the board of governors may require. The petition shall be accompanied by a nonrefundable reinstatement fee of $50.00, payment of all arrearages, and, for persons who have resigned or retired or have been delinquent for a period of time longer than three (3) years, a $500.00 cost deposit for investigation of the petition. No member shall be reinstated if, from the petition or from investigation conducted, the petitioner is not of good moral character and morally fit to practice law. (b) The following procedures shall apply: (1) Persons who have resigned or retired or have been delinquent for less than three (3) years may be reinstated by the executive director under guidelines provided by the board of governors or the executive director may refer the petition for consideration by the board of governors. (2) Persons who have resigned or retired or have been delinquent for less than five (5) years who have not maintained an association with the practice of Florida law and those persons who have resigned or retired or have been delinquent for a period from three (3) years to five (5) years who have maintained an association with the practice of Florida law may be required by the board of governors to successfully complete continuing legal education courses or successfully complete all or a portion of the Florida Bar examination before being reinstated to active membership. (3) Final action of the board of governors denying a petition for reinstatement may be reviewed upon petition to the Supreme Court of Florida. (c) Persons who have resigned or retired or have been delinquent for a period of five (5) years or longer shall not be reinstated except upon application to and approval by the Florida Board of Bar Examiners. 1-3.8 Right to inventory. (a) Whenever an attorney is suspended, disbarred, becomes a delinquent member, abandons his practice, disappears, or dies and no partner, personal representative, or other responsible party capable of conducting the attorney's affairs is known to exist, the appropriate circuit court, upon proper proof of the fact, may appoint an attorney or attorneys to inventory the files of the subject attorney and to take such action as seems indicated to protect the interests of clients of the subject attorney, as well as the interest of that attorney. (b) Any attorney so appointed shall not disclose any information contained in files so inventoried without the consent of the client to whom such file relates except as necessary to carry out the order of the court which appointed the attorney to make the inventory. 1-3.9 Law faculty affiliates. Full-time faculty members in the employment of law schools in Florida approved by the American Bar Association who are admitted to practice and who are in good standing before a court of any state may become "law faculty affiliates" of The Florida Bar. Law faculty affiliates may participate in such activities of The Florida Bar as may be authorized by the board of governors, but shall not be entitled to engage in the practice of law, appear as attorneys before the courts of the state, or hold themselves out as possessing such entitlements. 1-4 Board of governors. 1-4.1 Composition of board of governors. The board of governors shall be the governing body of The Florida Bar. It shall consist of the president and the president-elect of The Florida Bar, president and president-elect of the Young Lawyers Division, two (2) representatives of the active members of The Florida Bar residing outside of the State of Florida, representatives elected by and from the active members of The Florida Bar in each judicial circuit, and two (2) residents of the State of Florida who are not members of The Florida Bar. There shall be one such circuit representative from each judicial circuit and fourteen (14) additional circuit representatives who shall be apportioned among and elected from the judicial circuits on the basis of the number of members in good standing residing in each circuit. The formula for determining *981 the number of additional circuit representatives apportioned to and elected from each judicial circuit and all other matters concerning election and term of office for members of the board of governors shall be prescribed in chapter 2. 1-4.2 Authority; supervision. (a) The board of governors shall have the authority and responsibility to govern and administer The Florida Bar and to take such action as it may consider necessary to accomplish the purposes of The Florida Bar, subject always to the direction and supervision of the Supreme Court of Florida. (b) The board of governors shall furnish to each member of the Supreme Court of Florida the following: (1) The minutes of each meeting of the board of governors of The Florida Bar and each meeting of its executive committee except when acting in a prosecutorial role in a disciplinary or unauthorized practice of law matter. (2) Any written report of any section, committee, or division of The Florida Bar submitted to the board of governors which is either accepted or adopted by the board. (3) All rules, policies, or procedures adopted by the board of governors under the authority granted to the board by the Court. (4) Such additional information and material as may be requested by any member of the Court. (c) The Supreme Court of Florida may at any time ratify or amend action taken by the board of governors under these rules, order that actions previously taken be rescinded, or otherwise direct the actions and activities of The Florida Bar and its board of governors. 1-4.3 Committees. The board of governors shall create an executive committee composed of the president, president-elect, chairman of the budget committee, two (2) members of the board appointed by the president, and two (2) members of the board elected by the board to act upon such matters as arise and require disposition between meetings of the board; a budget committee composed of nine (9) members with three-year staggered terms; grievance committees as provided for in chapter 3; unlicensed practice of law committees as provided for in chapter 10; and a professional ethics committee. 1-4.4 Board committees. The board may create and abolish additional committees as it may consider necessary to accomplish the purposes of The Florida Bar. 1-4.5 Sections. The board of governors may create and abolish sections as it may consider necessary or desirable to accomplish the purposes and serve the interests of The Florida Bar and of the sections and shall prescribe the powers and duties of such sections. The bylaws of any section shall be subject to approval of the board of governors. 1-5 Officers. 1-5.1 Officers. The officers of The Florida Bar shall be a president, a president-elect, and an executive director. 1-5.2 Duties. Chapter 2 shall prescribe the duties, terms of office, qualifications, and manner of election or selection of officers of The Florida Bar. 1-6 Meetings of The Florida Bar. 1-6.1 Annual meeting. An annual meeting of The Florida Bar shall be held each fiscal year at such time as may be designated by the board of governors. 1-6.2 Special meetings. Special meetings of The Florida Bar may be held at such times and places as may be determined by the board of governors or upon petition of five (5) percent of the membership of The Florida Bar. 1-6.3 Notice; rules of procedure. The manner of notice and rules of procedure for all meetings of The Florida Bar shall be prescribed in chapter 2. 1-7 Dues and fiscal control. 1-7.1 Budget. The board of governors shall adopt a proposed budget for The Florida Bar in advance of each fiscal year, publish such proposed budget in a publication *982 of The Florida Bar generally circulated to members, and thereafter adopt a budget for the succeeding fiscal year. The budget adopted by the board of governors shall be filed with the Supreme Court of Florida thirty (30) days prior to the beginning of each fiscal year and shall be deemed approved and become the budget of The Florida Bar unless rejected by the Supreme Court of Florida within said thirty-day period or until amended by the board of governors in accordance with rule 2-6.12. 1-7.2 Officer's salary. No member of the board of governors and no officer of The Florida Bar other than the executive director shall receive a fee or salary from The Florida Bar. 1-7.3 Dues. (a) On or before July 1 of each year, every active member of The Florida Bar shall pay annual dues to The Florida Bar in the amount set by the budget, provided that the board of governors shall not fix the dues at more than $140 per annum. Dues tendered to The Florida Bar shall not be accepted from any member who is delinquent in the payment of costs imposed against the member in a disciplinary proceeding. Costs shall be deemed delinquent unless paid within thirty (30) days after the disciplinary decision becomes final unless such time is extended by the board of governors for good cause shown. At the time of the payment of dues every member of The Florida Bar shall file with the executive director a statement setting forth any information that may be required by the board of governors. (b) Persons admitted to The Florida Bar subsequent to July 1 of any fiscal year shall pay the annual dues for that year prorated on the basis of the number of full calendar months of the fiscal year remaining at the time of their admission. (c) Payment of annual dues must be postmarked no later than August 15. Dues postmarked after August 15 shall be accompanied by a late charge of $25.00. The executive director shall send written notice by registered or certified mail to the last official bar address of each member whose dues have not been paid by August 15. Upon failure to pay dues and any late charges by September 30, the member shall be a delinquent member. 1-7.4 Procedures. Other matters relating to the budget and fiscal control shall be governed by chapter 2. 1-7.5 Retired, resigned, delinquent members. A member who is retired, resigned, or delinquent shall not practice law in this state until reinstated as provided in these rules. 1-8 Programs and functions. 1-8.1 Responsibility of board of governors. Among its other duties, the board of governors is charged with the responsibility of enforcing the Rules of Discipline and the Rules of Professional Conduct. 1-8.2 Unlicensed practice of law. The board of governors shall act as an arm of the Supreme Court of Florida for the purpose of seeking to prohibit the unlicensed practice of law by investigating, prosecuting, and reporting to this Court and to appropriate authorities incidents involving the unlicensed practice of law in accordance with chapter 10. 1-8.3 Board of certification and designation. The board of governors shall establish the board of certification and designation to function as a central administrative board to oversee specialization regulation in Florida in accordance with chapter 6. 1-8.4 Clients' security fund. The board of governors may provide monetary relief to persons who suffer reimbursable losses as a result of misappropriation, embezzlement, or other wrongful taking or conversion by a member of The Florida Bar of money or other property that comes into the member's possession or control, all in accordance with chapter 7. 1-9 Young Lawyers Division. 1-9.1 Creation. There shall be a division of The Florida Bar known as the Young Lawyers Division composed of all active members under the age of thirty-six (36) and all active members who have not been *983 admitted to the practice of law in any jurisdiction for more than five (5) years. 1-9.2 Powers and duties. The division shall have such powers and duties as shall be prescribed by the board of governors of The Florida Bar. 1-9.3 Bylaws. The bylaws of the division shall be subject to approval of the board of governors. 1-10 Rules of Professional Conduct. 1-10.1 Compliance. All members of The Florida Bar shall comply with the terms and the intent of the Rules of Professional Conduct as established and amended by this Court. 1-11 Bylaws. 1-11.1 Generally. Bylaws, contained in chapter 2, not inconsistent with these rules shall govern the method and manner by which the requirements of these Rules Regulating The Florida Bar are met. 1-11.2 Amendment. The bylaws in chapter 2 shall be amended as prescribed in rule 2-10. Chapter 2 shall provide a reasonable means by which members of The Florida Bar may propose amendments of the bylaws to the board of governors and to this Court. 1-11.3 Notice of amendment. Notice of consideration of proposed amendments to chapter 2 by the board of governors of The Florida Bar shall be given to the members of The Florida Bar. Amendments to chapter 2 adopted by the board of governors shall become effective fifty (50) days after the amendment and proof of the prescribed publication are filed with this Court unless a later effective date is provided for by the board of governors or unless otherwise ordered by the Court. The Court will consider objections to amendments to chapter 2 adopted by the board of governors which are filed with the Court before the effective date of the amendment. 1-11.4 Supervision by Court. This Court may at any time amend chapter 2 or modify amendments to chapter 2 adopted by the board of governors or order that amendments to chapter 2 not become effective or become effective at some date other than provided for in this rule. 1-12 Amendments. 1-12.1 Amendment to rules; notice. Petitions for revision of or amendments to these Rules Regulating The Florida Bar, other than chapters 2, 7, and 9, will be entertained by this Court when presented by the board of governors or by not fewer than fifty (50) active members of The Florida Bar. Notice of intention to file such petition on a specified date together with a copy of the proposed amendment shall be published in The Florida Bar News not less than thirty (30) days prior to the filing of such petition. The Court will thereafter accept objections or comments on such petition. Chapter 2 BYLAWS OF THE FLORIDA BAR 2-1 Seal, emblems, and publicity symbols. 2-1.1 Seal. The official seal of The Florida Bar shall be inscribed "The Florida Bar" on upper circular portion, "1950" on lower circular portion, with the official state seal occupying center portion. 2-1.2 Publicity symbol. The publicity symbol for The Florida Bar to be placed on publicity of The Florida Bar shall consist of outline of Florida map, scales of justice, book, and gavel. "The Florida Bar" shall be set in circular fashion around the symbol. 2-1.3 Usage. The usages of the seal, emblems, and publicity symbols of The Florida Bar shall be determined by the board of governors. 2-2 Membership. 2-2.1 Attaining active membership. Persons shall initially become active members of The Florida Bar only upon certification by the Court in accordance with the rules governing the Florida Board of Bar Examiners. 2-2.2 Law faculty affiliates. Law faculty affiliates shall pay fees as set by the board of governors, shall be entitled to *984 receive The Florida Bar Journal and the Florida Bar News, and shall have such other privileges and benefits of members of The Florida Bar as the board of governors shall authorize. The executive director shall issue to law faculty affiliates such special identification card as may be authorized by the board of governors. 2-2.3 List of active members. The executive director shall furnish the chief judge of each circuit and the clerk of each court a list of all active members in good standing and shall furnish corrections and additions to such list as occasion may require. 2-3 Board of governors. 2-3.1 Generally. The board of governors shall be the governing body of The Florida Bar. The board of governors shall have the power and duty to administer the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar, including the power to employ necessary personnel. Subject to the authority of the Supreme Court of Florida, the board of governors, as the governing body of The Florida Bar, shall be vested with exclusive power and authority to formulate, fix, determine, and adopt matters of policy concerning the activities, affairs or organization of The Florida Bar. The board of governors shall be charged with the duty and responsibility of enforcing and carrying into effect the provisions of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar and the accomplishment of the aims and purposes of The Florida Bar. The board of governors shall direct the manner in which all funds of The Florida Bar are disbursed and the purposes therefor and shall adopt and approve a budget for each fiscal year. The board of governors shall perform all other duties imposed under the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar and shall have full power to exercise such functions as may be necessary, expedient, or incidental to the full exercise of any powers bestowed upon the board of governors by said rules or any amendment thereto or by this chapter. 2-3.2 Powers. Subject to the continued direction and supervision by the Supreme Court of Florida, the board of governors may, by amendment to this chapter, take all necessary action to: (a) Make nominations to or appointments to associations or other entities as required by the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar, this chapter, and any rules or policies adopted by the board of governors in accordance therewith or as required by law. (b) Establish and support the foundation known as The Florida Bar Foundation for charitable, scientific, literary, and educational purposes. (c) Establish, maintain, and supervise: (1) A lawyer referral service; (2) Programs for providing continuing legal education for its members; (3) The publication of a newspaper, a magazine, and other publications for its members, affiliates, and the public; (4) A program for providing information and advice to the courts and all other branches of government concerning current law and proposed or contemplated changes in the law; (5) A program of cooperation with the faculty of accredited Florida law schools; and (6) A program for providing pre-paid legal services. 2-3.3 Formula for apportionment of members of board of governors. The formula for determining the number of representatives apportioned to and elected from each judicial circuit shall be: determine the average number of members in good standing residing in each judicial circuit by dividing the number of Florida resident members in good standing by the total number of judicial circuits and then divide the members in good standing residing in each circuit by such average. Apportionment of representatives among the judicial circuits shall be in accordance with the results thus obtained by apportioning each judicial circuit one representative for each multiple of one (including one) of the results obtained *985 for such circuit, provided such number does not exceed fourteen (14), and one representative for the circuit's remaining fraction of a multiple commencing with the largest such fraction and continuing in descending order to the next largest fraction and so on until all representatives of this category shall be apportioned to judicial circuits. In the event the sum of the whole integers so determined exceeds fourteen (14), the circuits whose results show whole integers from the application of the formula shall be determined by eliminating one representative for the lowest fraction of a whole integer among such circuits and continuing in ascending order until fourteen (14) is reached. 2-3.4 Annual apportionment. (a) The executive director shall each year as of October 1 determine from the official records of The Florida Bar the number of active members of The Florida Bar residing in each judicial circuit. The executive director shall thereafter determine by application of the formula in rule 2-3.3 the number of members of the board of governors to serve from each judicial circuit. The executive director shall file a certificate setting forth the above information with the clerk of the Supreme Court of Florida and shall cause a copy of such certificate to be published in The Florida Bar News on or before November 1 of each year. The certificate shall be published in the format of rule 2-3.5(a). The reapportionment established by the terms of such certificate shall automatically amend rule 2-3.5(a) on December 1 unless the Supreme Court of Florida orders otherwise. (b) No elected member of the board of governors shall serve less than the full term to which elected by reason of any reapportionment required by paragraph (a). 2-3.5 Nomination of members. (a) Staggered terms. Elections shall be held in even-numbered years for nonresident representative seat number 2 and the following circuit representatives: Circuit Circuit (Office Number) (Office Number) 1 11(3) 2(2) 11(5) 3 12(2) 4(1) 13(1) 6(1) 14 7 15(1) 9(1) 17(1) 10 18 11(1) 20 Elections shall be held in odd-numbered years for nonresident representative seat number 1 and for the following circuit representatives: Circuit Circuit (Office Number) (Office Number) 2(1) 11(6) 4(2) 12(1) 5 13(2) 6(2) 15(2) 8 16 9(2) 17(2) 11(2) 17(3) 11(4) 19 As additions or deletions of circuit representatives resulting from the application of the formula provided in this rule necessitate changes in the lists set forth above, both in circuit and office numbers, such changes shall be made by the executive director as appropriate and shall be published in The Florida Bar News by November 1. (b) Time for filing nominating petitions. Nominations for the election of representatives on the board of governors from each judicial circuit shall be made by written petition signed by not fewer than five (5) active members of The Florida Bar in good standing. In each circuit in which there is more than one representative to be elected, the offices of the representatives shall be designated numerically, with the executive director making whatever adjustments are necessary to reflect changes resulting from the annual certification, and a nominating petition shall state the number of the office sought by a nominee. Any number of candidates may be nominated on a single petition, and any number of petitions may be filed, but all candidates named in a petition and all members signing *986 such petition shall have their official bar address in the judicial circuit which the candidate is nominated to represent and shall be active members of The Florida Bar in good standing. Nominations for election of a nonresident member of the board of governors shall be by written petition signed by not fewer than five (5) active nonresident members of The Florida Bar in good standing. Nominees shall endorse their written acceptance on such petitions but no nominee shall accept nomination for more than one office. All nominating petitions shall be filed with the executive director at the headquarters office on or before 5:00 p.m., January 10 of the year of election. On a date to be fixed by the executive director the nominating petition shall be canvassed and tabulated by the executive director and the clerk of the Supreme Court of Florida, and the executive director and the clerk of the Supreme Court of Florida shall thereupon certify in writing the names of all members who have been properly nominated. (c) Nomination and appointment of nonlawyer members. The board of governors members who are not members of The Florida Bar shall be chosen and appointed by the Supreme Court of Florida from the list of nominees to be filed with the Court by the board of governors. The board of governors of The Florida Bar by majority vote shall nominate three (3) persons for each nonlawyer seat and shall file the nominations with the Supreme Court of Florida on or before April 15 of the appointment year for that seat. The two (2) nonlawyer members shall serve staggered terms of two (2) years and shall serve no more than two (2) terms. In order to stagger the terms of office for nonlawyer board members, the first appointment for nonlawyer seat number 2 shall be for a one-year term. 2-3.6 Election. Voting shall be by secret ballot. The executive director shall prepare and cause to be printed a sufficient number of ballots for the election of nonresident board members and for each judicial circuit office for which an election is to be held. One of such ballots shall be mailed to each active member of The Florida Bar in good standing in each of such judicial circuits and to each active nonresident member of The Florida Bar in good standing in the case of election of a nonresident board member. The records of the executive director shall be conclusive in determining the members entitled to receive such ballots. When more than one office is to be filled, the offices shall be listed on the ballots in numerical order. The names of candidates on the ballots shall be listed alphabetically for each office. The ballots shall be mailed on or before March 1. Only voted ballots received by the executive director prior to midnight on March 21 shall be counted or tabulated. Immediately after March 21, the executive director and the clerk of the Supreme Court of Florida shall canvass and tabulate the ballots received and certify the results of the election. Failure to make a nomination shall result in a vacancy to be filled in accordance with the provisions of rule 2-3.9. The candidate for an office receiving a majority of the votes cast for the office shall be declared elected. In the event no candidate receives such majority there shall be a runoff election between the two (2) candidates receiving the highest number of votes. The ballots for the runoff shall be mailed on or before April 1 and the voted ballots shall be received by the executive director prior to midnight on April 22. The ballots shall be counted and the results certified as provided for the first election. In the event that only one candidate has been nominated for a particular office on the board of governors, such candidate shall be declared elected. Results of the election shall be furnished by the executive director to the officers, members of the board of governors, and all candidates and may be furnished to any other interested persons upon their request. 2-3.7 Term. The term of office for those persons regularly elected or appointed is two (2) years and thereafter until a successor's term commences. The term commences at the conclusion of the annual meeting of The Florida Bar following election *987 or appointment to office. The term of office for those persons elected or appointed to fill a vacancy shall run for the balance of the term. 2-3.8 Removal. Any member of the board of governors may be removed for cause by resolution adopted by two-thirds of the entire membership of the board of governors. 2-3.9 Vacancy. Except for nonlawyer members, in the event of a vacancy on the board of governors the vacancy shall be filled by a special election within the framework of the pertinent election procedures presently existing under these rules relating to the election of members of the board of governors. Notice of the vacancy and the special election shall be given by publication in The Florida Bar News, which notice shall provide that nominating petitions must be filed within thirty (30) days of the date of the publication of the notice with the executive director. The special election shall be held not less than thirty (30) days and not more than forty-five (45) days after the publication of the notice. The procedures set forth in these rules for election shall be followed as closely as possible. In the event of a vacancy on the board of governors for a nonlawyer member, the vacancy shall be filled by special nomination and appointment in accordance with the provisions of rule 2-3.5(c). 2-3.10 Meetings. The board of governors shall hold six (6) regular meetings each year, at least one of which shall be held at The Florida Bar Center. Subject to the approval of the board of governors, the places and times of such meetings shall be determined by the president, who may make such designation while president-elect. Special meetings shall be held at the direction of the executive committee or the board of governors. Any active member of The Florida Bar in good standing may attend meetings at any time except during such times as the board shall be in executive session concerning disciplinary matters, personnel matters, or receiving attorney-client advice. Minutes of all meetings shall be kept by the executive director. 2-3.11 Quorum. A majority of the members of the board of governors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at all meetings. 2-3.12 Executive committee. Unless otherwise limited by these rules, the executive committee shall have full power and authority to exercise the function of the board of governors: (a) To the extent authorized by the board of governors on any specific matter; and (b) On any other matter which necessarily must be determined between meetings of the board of governors. The executive committee shall notify the board of governors at the next meeting of all actions taken by the executive committee during the interim between meetings of the board of governors. Unless modified by the board of governors at such meeting, actions of the executive committee shall be final. 2-4 Officers. 2-4.1 Duties of president. The president shall conduct and preside at all meetings of The Florida Bar and the board of governors. The president shall be the official spokesman for The Florida Bar and the board of governors. Unless otherwise provided herein, the president shall appoint all committees. The president shall be the chief executive of The Florida Bar and shall be vested with full power to exercise whatever functions may be necessary or incident to the full exercise of any power bestowed upon the president by the board of governors consistent with the provisions of these Rules Regulating The Florida Bar. It shall be the duty and obligation of the president to furnish leadership in the accomplishment of the aims and purposes of The Florida Bar. 2-4.2 Duties of president-elect. It shall be the duty of the president-elect to render every assistance and cooperation to the president and provide the president with the fullest measure of counsel and advice. The president-elect shall familiarize himself with all activities and affairs of The Florida Bar and shall have such other duties as *988 may be assigned to the president-elect by the board of governors. In the event the president-elect is absent or unable to act, or in the event of the president-elect's death, disability, or resignation, the board of governors shall select an acting president-elect to hold office until a successor shall have been elected by the active members of The Florida Bar in good standing at a special election held pursuant to the direction of the board of governors. 2-4.3 Duties of executive director. The executive director shall be chosen by the board of governors and shall perform all duties usually required of a secretary and a treasurer and such other duties as may be assigned to him by the board of governors. The executive director shall serve as publisher of The Florida Bar Journal and The Florida Bar News and as director of public relations until otherwise directed by the board of governors. The executive director shall keep the records of The Florida Bar and the board of governors. The executive director shall maintain and be in charge of the offices and shall devote his or her full time to the work of The Florida Bar. The board shall fix his or her salary and other benefits and emoluments of office. 2-4.4 Qualifications for office. Only active members of The Florida Bar in good standing shall be eligible to hold any elective office in The Florida Bar. No officer shall engage in political activity on behalf of a candidate for public office except in furtherance of the objectives of The Florida Bar and with the approval of the board of governors. 2-4.5 Nominations for president-elect. Any active member of The Florida Bar in good standing may be nominated as a candidate for president-elect by petition signed by not fewer than one hundred (100) other active members of The Florida Bar in good standing. Such nominating petitions shall be filed with the executive director at the headquarters office on or before 5:00 p.m., January 10 of the year of the election. Nominees shall endorse their written acceptance upon such petition. No member shall sign more than one nominating petition, but signers need not reside in the same judicial circuit as the candidate. In the event that no active member of The Florida Bar in good standing shall be nominated by petition in accordance with the foregoing, the board of governors shall thereafter nominate at least one candidate for the office of president-elect. 2-4.6 Election of president-elect. The active members of The Florida Bar in good standing shall elect annually a president-elect, who shall become president at the conclusion of the annual meeting following his term as president-elect. Such ballots cast at such election shall be marked and returned by the voting members and thereafter canvassed and the results certified as provided by rule 2-3.6. The names of all candidates nominated for president-elect, either by petition or by the board of governors, shall be listed alphabetically on the official ballot. The candidate receiving a majority of the votes cast shall be elected. If no candidate receives a majority, then a further ballot shall be mailed listing only the two (2) candidates receiving the highest number of votes cast. The procedure, time, canvassing, and certification of results in connection with the election of a president-elect shall be in accordance with the provision of this chapter governing the election of members of the board of governors, except that the election shall be by the entire membership. 2-4.7 President's absence. In the event the president is absent or unable to act, his duties shall be performed by the president-elect; and in the event of the death or resignation of the president, the president-elect shall serve as president during the remainder of the term of office thus vacated and then shall serve as president for the term for which elected. In the event of the death or disability of both the president and the president-elect, the board of governors shall elect an acting president of The Florida Bar to hold office until the next succeeding annual meeting. 2-4.8 Prohibition against service on board of governors and as president or president-elect. In the event that a member *989 of the board of governors shall become either the president or the president-elect of The Florida Bar such member shall not serve on the board of governors except as president or president-elect and the office of that member shall become vacant and shall be filled in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. 2-5 Meetings. 2-5.1 Annual meeting. A program for the annual meeting of The Florida Bar shall be prepared by the president, with the advice and consent of the board of governors. Such program, when approved by the board of governors, shall be the order of business for the annual meeting and such order of business shall not be altered, except by consent of two-thirds of the active members present and voting. Only the president, with the advice and consent of the board of governors, shall have the authority to extend invitations to nonmembers to attend the annual meeting as honored guests or speakers at the expense of The Florida Bar. No section or committee shall create any debt of The Florida Bar in connection with an annual meeting without prior approval of the board of governors. All papers, addresses, and reports read before or submitted at a meeting shall become the property of The Florida Bar and may be published by The Florida Bar. A registration fee for attendance at the annual meeting may be fixed by the board of governors to defray the costs and expenses in connection with such meeting. 2-5.2 Rules of procedure. Only active members of The Florida Bar in good standing shall be entitled to vote at the annual meeting. A resolution for consideration at the annual meeting may be proposed by any active member or by the resolutions committee, provided that the resolution shall be presented, handled in accordance with procedures which shall be established by the board of governors, and published in The Florida Bar Journal or The Florida Bar News a reasonable length of time prior to each annual meeting. Unless indicated on the official program, no person shall speak for more than ten (10) minutes or more than twice on any matter, except upon consent of a majority of the active members present and voting at the meeting. Members of the bar of any foreign country or any state, district, or territory, who are not active members of The Florida Bar, may be accorded the privilege of the floor at any annual meeting. 2-6 Fiscal management. 2-6.1 Expenditures. Within the parameters of the budget filed with the Supreme Court of Florida, the board of governors shall be vested with exclusive powers, authority, and control over all funds, property, and assets of The Florida Bar and the method and purpose of expenditure of all funds. 2-6.2 Fiscal year. The fiscal year of The Florida Bar shall commence on July 1 of each year. 2-6.3 Annual budget. The board of governors, with the advice and counsel of the budget committee, shall adopt an annual budget of The Florida Bar, setting forth the anticipated revenues and expenditures for the fiscal year. 2-6.4 Budget committee. The budget committee shall consist of nine (9) members having staggered terms. The president-elect, with the approval of the board of governors, shall appoint three (3) members to three-year terms, shall fill vacancies for the balance of a term, and shall name a chairman-elect from the members of the committee. The chairman-elect shall become chairman when the president-elect becomes president and he or she shall serve as a tenth member of the committee if his or her term on the committee would otherwise expire. 2-6.5 Notice of budget committee hearings. The executive director shall publish a notice in The Florida Bar Journal or The Florida Bar News not later than a March issue giving notice of meetings of the budget committee in each of the districts of the district courts of appeal to receive suggestions from members of The Florida Bar for the preparation of the budget for the succeeding fiscal year. Such meetings shall *990 be held not earlier than the fifteenth day of the month succeeding the month in which the notice is published. Written notice of intent to appear at such meetings must be received by the executive director at least ten (10) days prior to the date of the meeting. If no person files such a notice, the meeting may be canceled. 2-6.6 Tentative budget of budget committee. At the meeting announced by such published notice, the budget committee shall hear and receive suggestions from members of The Florida Bar for the preparation of the budget for The Florida Bar for the succeeding fiscal year. The manner of filing and hearing such suggestions shall be set forth in the notice. After consideration of the suggestions received, the budget committee shall prepare a tentative budget for the succeeding fiscal year, which shall be filed with the executive director. 2-6.7 Proposed budget of board of governors. The board of governors, after considering the tentative budget prepared by the budget committee, shall adopt a proposed budget for the succeeding fiscal year in time to allow publication thereof not later than an April issue of The Florida Bar Journal or The Florida Bar News. 2-6.8 Dues. The dues of active members of The Florida Bar shall be included in the proposed budget filed by The Florida Bar in the Supreme Court of Florida. 2-6.9 Notice of board of governors hearing upon proposed budget. The executive director shall publish a notice in The Florida Bar Journal or The Florida Bar News not later than an April issue giving notice of a meeting of the board of governors to be held no earlier than the fifteenth day of the month succeeding the month the notice is published. Such notice shall contain the proposed budget and shall advise that the proposed budget shall become final unless written objections to any item or items therein shall be filed by members of The Florida Bar with the executive director on or before the tenth day of the month following the month of publication. 2-6.10 Hearing and adoption of budget by board of governors. If written objections to any item or items of the proposed budget are filed by members of The Florida Bar within the time provided, a hearing thereon shall be held by the board of governors at the time and place provided in such notice. After such hearing the board of governors shall consider the objections filed and upon consideration thereof the board may amend the proposed budget within the scope of the objections. 2-6.11 Filing of budget with the Supreme Court of Florida. The budget proposed by the board of governors shall be filed with the Supreme Court on or before June 1 and shall become effective unless rejected by the Court within thirty (30) days. 2-6.12 Amendment of the budget. The board of governors, in its discretion from time to time, may amend the budget in order to provide funds for needed expenditures; provided, however, that the total of increases in items of the budget made by amendment, including new items created by such amendments, shall not exceed ten (10) percent of the total income of The Florida Bar for the current fiscal year as anticipated at the time of the amendment. If a proposed amendment shall cause the total of increases in items of the budget made by amendment to exceed such limitation, a hearing upon objections to any item or items therein shall be held by the board of governors in like manner as that provided for the proposed budget. The executive director shall publish a notice in The Florida Bar Journal or The Florida Bar News giving notice of a board of governors meeting to be held no earlier than the fifteenth day of the month succeeding the month in which the notice is published. Such notice shall contain the proposed amendment and shall advise that the proposed amendment shall become final unless written objections to any item or items therein shall be filed by members of The Florida Bar with the executive director on or before the tenth day of the month following the month of publication. If the proposed amendment is adopted by the board of governors in whole *991 or in part, the amendment of the budget shall be filed with the Supreme Court of Florida within the month following the month in which the amendment is adopted. 2-6.13 Appropriations of the budget. Each item of the budget shall be deemed a fixed appropriation, subject only to amendment as provided. All uncommitted balances of appropriations except appropriated restrictions of fund balances shall revert at the end of each fiscal year to the funds from which appropriated. No uncommitted appropriations other than those for the clients' security fund shall continue beyond the fiscal year for which the budget containing the appropriation is adopted. 2-6.14 Disbursements. The appropriations of the budget shall be disbursed by the executive director in his capacity as treasurer of The Florida Bar in accordance with this chapter. The executive director shall make such disbursements as are required to pay the obligations and expenses of The Florida Bar made within the provisions of the budget. 2-6.15 Continuation of funding. Any program which calls for an expenditure of funds in excess of $10,000 during any fiscal year shall not be continued beyond the last day of the second of two (2) fiscal years unless such program is specifically authorized by this or other chapters of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar. 2-6.16 Accounting and audit. The board of governors shall cause books and accounts to be kept in accordance with good accounting practices. Such records shall be audited annually by a certified public accountant authorized to practice in the State of Florida, and a copy of the audit shall be filed forthwith with the Supreme Court of Florida. Within a reasonable time after completion of the audit a condensed summary thereof shall be published in The Florida Bar Journal or The Florida Bar News and a copy filed with the Supreme Court of Florida. 2-7 Sections. 2-7.1 Rules applicable to sections. All sections are governed by the provisions of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar, this chapter, and the bylaws of the sections as approved by the board of governors and have the scope, powers, duties, and functions expressed in those documents. 2-7.2 Duties. It is the duty of each section, as an integral part of The Florida Bar, to work in cooperation with the board of governors and under its supervision toward accomplishment of the aims and purposes of The Florida Bar and of that section. 2-7.3 Creation of sections. Sections may be created or abolished by the board of governors as deemed necessary or desirable. The following sections of The Florida Bar have been created by the board of governors: (a) Administrative Law Section (b) Corporation, Banking and Business Law Section (c) Criminal Law Section (d) Law Offices Economics Section (e) Environmental and Land Use Law Section (f) Family Law Section (g) General Practice Section (h) International Law Section (i) Labor and Employment Law Section (j) Local Government Law Section (k) Real Property, Probate and Trust Law Section ( l ) Tax Section (m) Trial Lawyers Section (n) Workers Compensation Section 2-7.4 Procedure for creation of sections. Those seeking approval of the board of governors to establish a section shall prepare and submit proposed bylaws for approval by the board of governors. They shall also inform the board of governors of the justification for establishing the section, the proposed dues, proposed budgeting, and proposed function and program of the section. 2-7.5 Legislative action of sections. (a) Sections may be involved in legislation that is significant to the judiciary, the administration of justice, or the fundamental legal rights of the public or interests of the section or its programs and functions. *992 (b) Sections shall be required to adopt and follow a reasonable procedure, approved by the board of governors, for determination of legislative policy on any legislation. (c) Sections shall notify the executive director immediately of determination of any section action regarding legislation. (d) Any legislative action taken by a section shall be clearly identified as the action of the section and not that of The Florida Bar. 2-8 Committees. 2-8.1 Establishment and appointment of committees. In addition to those committees established elsewhere under this chapter or other chapters of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar, the board of governors shall create such committees as it may deem advisable and necessary from time to time. The board of governors may dissolve a committee when it deems that the work of the committee has been completed or is no longer necessary. The board of governors may provide for members of any committee to serve for staggered terms beyond the current administrative year. Any vacancies in these committees shall be filled for the unexpired portion in order to provide a regular rotation of committee members. Before June 1 of each year, the president-elect shall appoint all committee members (except for grievance and unlicensed practice of law), who shall serve for the ensuing administrative year. The president-elect shall report the membership of committees to the board of governors and shall, with the advice and consent of the board of governors, name and designate the chairman and vice-chairman of each committee. Persons who are not members of The Florida Bar may be appointed to committees with the advice and consent of the board of governors. The president shall fill vacancies occurring in the membership of the committees for the remainder of the unexpired term and may remove or appoint additional members to a committee. 2-8.2 Committee operations. Each committee shall select from its membership such officers other than the chairman and vice-chairman as it deems advisable and subcommittees may be designated by the chairman from the membership of the committee. Each committee shall meet at such times and places as may be designated by the chairman or vice-chairman. Each committee shall file with the president and executive director all minutes, annual reports, and procedures and recommendations and such interim reports as desired or may be requested by the president or board of governors. No action, report, or recommendation of any committee shall be binding upon The Florida Bar unless adopted and approved by the board of governors. 2-8.3 Standing and special committees. The board of governors shall determine and designate which committees shall be considered as standing committees (permanent) and which committees shall be considered as special committees (temporary or limited) and shall define the specific powers, duties, functions, and scope thereof. 2-8.4 Committee finances. No committee shall incur any debt payable by The Florida Bar without prior approval of the executive director. Each committee shall file with the executive director a detailed statement setting forth any funds needed or required in connection with the work of such committee during the ensuing administrative year for consideration by and inclusion in the annual budget of The Florida Bar after approval by the board of governors. 2-9 Policies and rules. 2-9.1 Authority of board of governors. In order to accomplish the purposes of The Florida Bar and implement the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar, including this chapter, the board of governors shall have the power and authority to establish policies and rules of procedure on the subjects and in the manner provided in this rule. 2-9.2 Standing board policies. The board of governors shall adopt standing board policies governing the internal administration and operation of The Florida *993 Bar and the board of governors. The board of governors may adopt, amend, or rescind standing board policies by a majority vote of the membership of the board of governors provided any amendment to any standing board policy shall not be effective until thirty (30) days after adoption. Such standing board policies may be adopted, rescinded, or amended by a majority vote of those present at any regular meeting of the board of governors provided advance written notice is given to the members of the board of governors of the proposed adoption, repeal, or amendment of any standing board policy. The provision of any standing board policy may be waived by a two-thirds vote of those present at any regular meeting of the board of governors. 2-9.3 Legislative policies. The board of governors shall adopt and may repeal or amend rules of procedure governing the legislative activities of The Florida Bar in the same manner as provided in rule 2-9.2; provided, however, that the adoption of any legislative position shall require the affirmative vote of two-thirds of those present at any regular meeting of the board of governors or two-thirds of the executive committee or by the president, as provided in the rules of procedure governing legislative activities. 2-9.4 Ethics. (a) Rules of procedure. The board of governors shall adopt rules of procedure governing the manner in which opinions on professional ethics may be solicited by members of The Florida Bar, issued by the staff of The Florida Bar of by the professional ethics committee, circulated or published by the staff of The Florida Bar or by the professional ethics committee, and appealed to the board of governors of The Florida Bar. (b) Amendment. The adoption of, repeal of, or amendment to the rules authorized by paragraph (a) shall be effective only under the following circumstances: (1) The proposed rule, repealer, or amendment shall be approved by a majority vote of the board of governors at any regular meeting of the board of governors; (2) The proposal thereafter shall be published in The Florida Bar News at least twenty (20) days preceding the next regular meeting of the board of governors; and (3) The proposal shall thereafter receive a majority vote of the board of governors at its meeting following publication as herein required. (c) Waiver. The rules of procedure adopted as required in paragraph (a) may be temporarily waived as to any particular matter only upon unanimous vote of those present at any regular meeting of the board of governors. 2-9.5 Administrative policies. The executive director may adopt such policies or procedures necessary to govern the administrative operation of The Florida Bar and The Florida Bar staff, provided all policies of a continuing nature are in writing and a copy of all such policies are furnished to each member of the board of governors and available for inspection by any member of The Florida Bar at all reasonable times. 2-9.6 Rules of order. The current edition of Roberts' Rules of Order shall be the rules which govern the conduct of all meetings of The Florida Bar, its board of governors, its sections, divisions, and committees. 2-10 Amendments. 2-10.1 Proposed amendments. Any member of The Florida Bar or any interested person may propose amendments to this chapter by delivering a copy of the proposed amendment to the executive director of The Florida Bar at least ten (10) days prior to any regular meeting of the board of governors. (a) The executive director shall furnish a copy of such proposal to each member of the board of governors at least twenty-four (24) hours before any vote on such proposed amendment is taken in the board of governors. (b) The proposed amendment must receive the affirmative vote of a majority of the membership of the board of governors. *994 (c) The proposed amendment shall be published in The Florida Bar News at least twenty (20) days before the meeting of the board of governors immediately following the meeting at which the proposal was approved by the board of governors. (d) If the proposed amendment is not changed except for clerical errors, the executive director shall within five (5) days after the publication file the proposed amendment with the clerk of the Supreme Court of Florida together with a copy of the notice referred to herein and certified excerpts of the minutes of the board of governors reflecting the action of the board of governors on such proposal, said filing to be in sufficient copies that each member of the Supreme Court of Florida may be furnished a copy of such proposal. (e) At any time within fifteen (15) days of the adjournment of the board of governors meeting following the publication of the proposed amendment, any member of The Florida Bar, any interested person, or any bar association may file with the Supreme Court of Florida objections or comments addressed to the proposed amendment. (f) The proposed amendment shall become effective thirty (30) days after the adjournment of the board of governors meeting following publication of the rule as herein required unless: (1) The Supreme Court orders otherwise; or (2) A petition seeking review signed by fifty (50) members of The Florida Bar is filed with the Supreme Court of Florida prior to the effective date or fifty (50) members of The Florida Bar file objections or comments as authorized herein to specifically seek review of the proposed amendment by the Supreme Court of Florida in which event the amendment will not become effective until the expiration of ninety (90) days from the filing of the proposed amendment with the clerk of the Supreme Court unless otherwise ordered by the Court. (g) If the board of governors shall refuse to adopt an amendment to this chapter on the subject matter of any proposal submitted in accordance with this rule, such refusal may be reviewed by the filing of a petition in the Supreme Court of Florida seeking review within ninety (90) days of the adjournment of the meeting at which the board of governors refuses the adoption of such amendment signed by fifty (50) active members of The Florida Bar. 2-10.2 Amendment at meetings of The Florida Bar. Amendments to this chapter may be adopted by a majority vote of the members present and voting at any regular or special meeting of The Florida Bar in the following manner: (a) The proposed amendment shall be submitted to the executive director of The Florida Bar at least sixty (60) days prior to the commencement of the meeting. (b) The proposed amendment shall be published in The Florida Bar News at least thirty (30) days before the commencement of the meeting. (c) The proposed amendment shall be published in any official program of the meeting. (d) Copies of the proposed amendment shall be available for distribution to the membership attending the meeting. (e) Any proposal adopted shall be filed with the clerk of the Supreme Court together with copies of the required notices and a certificate of the executive director certifying the vote taken at the meeting. (f) The amendment will thereafter become effective unless: (1) The Supreme Court orders otherwise; or (2) The board of governors of The Florida Bar by a two-thirds vote elects to file a petition seeking review of the proposed amendment with the Supreme Court of Florida in which event the amendment shall not become effective unless and until ordered by the Court. *995 Chapter 3 RULES OF DISCIPLINE 3-1 Preamble. 3-1.1 Privilege to practice. A license to practice law confers no vested right to the holder thereof, but is a conditional privilege which is revocable for cause. 3-1.2 Generally. The Supreme Court of Florida has the inherent power and duty to prescribe standards of conduct for lawyers, to determine what constitutes grounds for discipline of lawyers, to discipline for cause attorneys admitted to practice law in Florida, and to revoke the license of every lawyer whose unfitness to practice law has been duly established. 3-2 Definitions. 3-2.1 Generally. Wherever used in these rules the following words or terms shall have the meaning herein set forth unless the use thereof shall clearly indicate a different meaning: (a) Bar counsel. A member of The Florida Bar representing The Florida Bar in any proceeding under these rules. Any staff counsel of The Florida Bar may serve as bar counsel or assistant bar counsel in a particular case. (b) The board or the board of governors. The board of governors of The Florida Bar. (c) Complainant or complaining witness. Any person who has complained of the conduct of any member of The Florida Bar to any officer or agency of The Florida Bar. (d) This Court or the Court. The Supreme Court of Florida. (e) Court of this state. A state court authorized and established by the constitution or laws of the State of Florida. (f) Executive committee. The executive committee of the board of governors of The Florida Bar. (g) Executive director. The executive director of The Florida Bar. (h) Probable cause. A finding by an authorized agency that there is cause to believe that a member of The Florida Bar is guilty of misconduct justifying disciplinary action. (i) Referee. A judge or retired judge appointed to conduct proceedings as provided under these rules. (j) Respondent. A member of The Florida Bar or an attorney subject to these rules who is accused of misconduct or whose conduct is under investigation. (k) Staff counsel. An employee of The Florida Bar authorized under rule 3-3.3. When used in this rule, the term may include associate or assistant staff counsel. ( l ) Branch staff counsel. Branch staff counsel is the assistant staff counsel in charge of a branch office of The Florida Bar. Any assistant staff counsel of The Florida Bar may serve as branch staff counsel at the direction of the regularly assigned branch staff counsel or headquarters staff counsel. Headquarters staff counsel are the staff counsel assigned to the headquarters office in Tallahassee. (m) Designated reviewer. The designated reviewer is a member of the board of governors responsible for review and other specific duties as assigned by the board of governors with respect to a particular grievance committee or matter. If a designated reviewer recuses or is unavailable, any other board member may serve as designated reviewer in that matter. The designated reviewer will be selected, from time to time, by the board members from the circuit of such grievance committee. In circuits having an unequal number of grievance committees and board members, review responsibility will be reassigned, from time to time, to equalize workloads. On such reassignments responsibility for all pending cases from a particular committee passes to the new designated reviewer. Staff counsel will be given written notice of changes in the designated reviewing members for a particular committee. 3-3 Jurisdiction to enforce rules. 3-3.1 Supreme Court of Florida; disciplinary agencies. The exclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of Florida over the discipline of persons admitted to the *996 practice of law shall be administered in the following manner subject to the supervision and review of the Court. The following entities are hereby designated as agencies of the Supreme Court of Florida for this purpose and with the following responsibilities, jurisdiction, and powers. The board of governors, grievance committees, and referees shall have such jurisdiction and powers as are necessary to conduct the proper and speedy disposition of any investigation or cause, including the power to compel the attendance of witnesses, to take or cause to be taken the deposition of witnesses and to order the production of books, records, or other documentary evidence. Each member of such agencies has power to administer oaths and affirmations to witnesses in any matter within the jurisdiction of the agency. 3-3.2 Board of governors of The Florida Bar. The board is assigned the responsibility of maintaining high ethical standards among the members of The Florida Bar. The board shall supervise and conduct disciplinary proceedings in accordance with the provisions of these rules. (a) Authority to file complaint. No formal complaint shall be filed by The Florida Bar in disciplinary proceedings against a member of the bar unless either a grievance committee or the board shall first find probable cause exists to believe that the respondent is guilty of misconduct justifying disciplinary action or unless the respondent has been determined or adjudged to be guilty of the commission of a felony or unless the respondent has been disciplined by another entity having jurisdiction over the practice of law. The finding of probable cause shall be made by a grievance committee or by the board in accordance with these rules. (b) Executive committee. All acts and discretion required by the board under these Rules of Discipline may be exercised by its executive committee between meetings of the board as may from time to time be authorized by standing board of governors' policies. 3-3.3 Counsel for The Florida Bar. (a) Staff counsel. The board may employ staff counsel and assistant staff counsel for The Florida Bar to perform such duties, as may be assigned, under the direction of the executive director. (b) Bar counsel. Staff counsel may designate members of The Florida Bar to serve as bar counsel to represent The Florida Bar in disciplinary proceedings. Bar counsel shall not be a member of the board or of a grievance committee, except that a member of the board may represent The Florida Bar on any review proceeding under rule 3-7.6. Bar counsel may be compensated in accordance with budgetary policies adopted by the board. 3-3.4 Grievance committees. There shall be such grievance committees as are herein provided, each of which shall have the authority and jurisdiction required to perform the functions hereinafter assigned to it and which shall be constituted and appointed as follows: (a) Circuit grievance committees. There shall be at least one grievance committee for each judicial circuit of this state and as many more as shall be found desirable by the board. Such committees shall be designated as judicial circuit grievance committees, and in circuits having more than one committee they shall be identified by alphabetical designation in the order of creation. Such committees shall be continuing bodies notwithstanding changes in membership, and they shall have jurisdiction and the power to proceed in all matters properly before them. (b) Special grievance committees. The board may from time to time appoint grievance committees for the purpose of such investigations as may be assigned in accordance with these rules. Such committees shall continue only until the completion of tasks assigned, and they shall have jurisdiction and power to proceed in all matters so assigned to them. All provisions concerning grievance committees shall be applicable to special grievance committees except those concerning terms of office and other restrictions thereon as *997 may be imposed by the board. Any vacancies occurring in such a committee shall be filled by the board, and such changes in members shall not affect the jurisdiction and power of the committee to proceed in all matters properly before it. (c) Membership, appointment, and eligibility. Each grievance committee shall be appointed by the board and shall consist of not fewer than three (3) members. At least one-third of the committee members shall be nonlawyers. All appointees shall be of legal age and, except for special grievance committees, shall be residents of the circuit or have their principal office in the circuit. The lawyer members of the committee shall have been members of The Florida Bar for at least five (5) years. No member of a grievance committee shall perform any grievance committee function when that member: (1) Is related by blood or marriage to the complainant or respondent; (2) Has a financial, business, property, or personal interest in the matter under consideration or with the complainant or respondent; (3) Has a personal interest which could be affected by the outcome of the proceedings or which could affect the outcome; or (4) Is prejudiced or biased toward either the complainant or the respondent. Upon notice of the above prohibitions the affected members should recuse themselves from further proceedings. The grievance committee chairperson shall have the power to disqualify any member from any proceeding in which any of the above prohibitions exist and are stated of record or in writing in the file by the chairperson. (d) Terms. The terms of the members shall begin on the first day of July and shall end on the next succeeding thirtieth day of June or at such time as their successors are appointed and qualified. Continuous service of a member shall not exceed three (3) years. A member shall not be reappointed for a period of three (3) years after the end of his or her term; provided, however, the expiration of the term of any member shall not disqualify such member from concluding any investigation then pending before the committee. (e) Officers. There shall be a chairperson and vice-chairperson designated by the designated reviewer of that committee. The chairperson and vice-chairperson shall be members of The Florida Bar. (f) Oath. Each new member of a committee shall subscribe to an oath to fulfill the duties of the office. Such oaths shall be filed with the executive director and placed with the official records of The Florida Bar. (g) Removal. Any member may be removed from office by the designated reviewer of that committee or the board. (h) Grievance committee meetings. Grievance committees should meet at regularly scheduled times, not less frequently than quarterly each year, and either the chairperson or vice-chairperson may call special meetings. Grievance committees should meet at least monthly during any period when the committee has one or more pending cases assigned for investigation and report. The time, date, and place of regular monthly meetings should be set in advance by agreement between the committee and branch staff counsel. 3-3.5 Circuit court jurisdiction. The jurisdiction of the circuit courts shall be concurrent with that of The Florida Bar under these Rules of Discipline. The forum first asserting jurisdiction in a disciplinary matter shall retain the same to the exclusion of the other until the final determination of the cause. 3-4 Standards of conduct. 3-4.1 Notice and knowledge of rules. Every member of The Florida Bar and every attorney of another state who is admitted to practice for the purpose of a specific case before a court of record of this state is within the jurisdiction of this Court and its agencies under this rule and is charged with notice and held to know the provisions of this rule and the standards of ethical and professional conduct prescribed by this Court. Jurisdiction over an attorney of *998 another state who is not a member of The Florida Bar shall be limited to conduct as an attorney in relation to the business for which the attorney was permitted to practice in this state and the privilege in the future to practice law in the State of Florida. 3-4.2 Rules of Professional Conduct. Violation of the Rules of Professional Conduct as adopted by the rules governing The Florida Bar is a cause for discipline. 3-4.3 Misconduct and minor misconduct. The standards of professional conduct to be observed by members of the bar are not limited to the observance of rules and avoidance of prohibitive acts, and the enumeration herein of certain categories of misconduct as constituting grounds for discipline shall not be deemed to be all-inclusive nor shall the failure to specify any particular act of misconduct be construed as tolerance thereof. The commission by a lawyer of any act which is unlawful or contrary to honesty and justice, whether the act is committed in the course of the attorney's relations as an attorney or otherwise, whether committed within or outside the State of Florida, and whether or not the act is a felony or misdemeanor, may constitute a cause for discipline. 3-4.4 Criminal misconduct. Unless modified or stayed by the Supreme Court of Florida as provided elsewhere herein, a determination or judgment of guilt of a member of The Florida Bar by a court of competent jurisdiction of any crime or offense that is a felony under the laws of such jurisdiction is cause for automatic suspension from the practice of law in Florida. In addition, whether the alleged misconduct constitutes a felony or misdemeanor The Florida Bar may initiate disciplinary action regardless of whether the respondent has been tried, acquitted, or convicted in a court for the alleged criminal offense; however, the board may, in its discretion, withhold prosecution of disciplinary proceedings pending the outcome of criminal proceedings against respondent. The acquittal of respondent in a criminal proceeding shall not necessarily be a bar to disciplinary proceedings nor shall the findings, judgment or decree of any court in civil proceedings necessarily be binding in disciplinary proceedings. 3-4.5 Removal from judicial office by the Supreme Court of Florida. Whenever a judge is removed from office by the Supreme Court of Florida on the basis of a Judicial Qualifications Commission proceeding, the removal order, when the record in such proceedings discloses the appropriate basis, may also order the suspension of the judge as an attorney pending further proceedings hereunder. 3-4.6 Discipline by foreign or federal jurisdictions. A final adjudication in a disciplinary proceeding by a court or other authorized disciplinary agency of another jurisdiction, state or federal, that an attorney licensed to practice in that jurisdiction is guilty of misconduct justifying disciplinary action shall be considered as conclusive proof of such misconduct in a disciplinary proceeding under this rule. 3-4.7 Oath. Violation of the oath taken by an attorney to support the constitutions of the United States and the State of Florida is ground for disciplinary action. Membership in, alliance with, or support of any organization, group, or party advocating or dedicated to the overthrow of the government by violence or by any means in violation of the Constitution of the United States or constitution of this state shall be a violation of the oath. 3-5 Types of discipline. 3-5.1 Generally. A judgment entered, finding a member of The Florida Bar guilty of misconduct, shall include one or more of the following disciplinary measures: (a) Private reprimand. A Supreme Court of Florida order adjudging a private reprimand may direct the respondent to appear before the Supreme Court of Florida, the board of governors, or the referee for administration of the reprimand. A grievance committee report and finding of minor misconduct or the board of governors, upon review of such report, may direct the respondent to appear before the *999 board of governors or the grievance committee for administration of the reprimand. A memorandum of administering of such a reprimand shall thereafter be made a part of the record of the proceeding. (b) Minor misconduct. Minor misconduct is the only type of misconduct for which a private reprimand is an appropriate disciplinary sanction. (1) Criteria. In the absence of unusual circumstances misconduct shall not be regarded as minor if any of the following conditions exist: a. The misconduct involves misappropriation of a client's funds or property. b. The misconduct resulted in or is likely to result in actual prejudice (loss of money, legal rights or valuable property rights) to a client or other person. c. The respondent has been publicly disciplined in the past three (3) years. d. The misconduct involved is of the same nature as misconduct for which the respondent has been disciplined in the past five (5) years. e. The misconduct includes dishonesty, misrepresentation, deceit, or fraud on the part of the respondent. f. The misconduct constitutes the commission of a felony under applicable law. (2) Discretion of grievance committee. Despite the presence of one or more of the criteria described in paragraph (1), above, a grievance committee may recommend a private reprimand for minor misconduct when unusual circumstances are present. When the grievance committee recommends a private reprimand for minor misconduct under such circumstances, its report shall contain a detailed explanation of the circumstances giving rise to the committee's recommendation. (3) Recommendation of minor misconduct. If a grievance committee finds the respondent guilty of minor misconduct or if the respondent shall admit guilt of minor misconduct and the committee concurs, the grievance committee shall file its report recommending a private reprimand, recommending the manner of administration and for the taxing of costs against the respondent. The report recommending a private reprimand shall be forwarded to staff counsel and the designated reviewer for review. If staff counsel does not return the report to the grievance committee to remedy a defect therein, or if the report is not referred to the disciplinary review committee by the designated reviewer (as provided in rule 3-7.4(b)), the report shall then be served on the respondent by branch staff counsel. The report and finding of minor misconduct shall become final unless rejected by the respondent within fifteen (15) days after service of the report. If rejected by the respondent, the report shall be referred to bar counsel and referee for trial on complaint of minor misconduct to be prepared by branch staff counsel as in the case of a finding of probable cause. (4) Rejection of minor misconduct reports. The rejection by the board of governors of a grievance committee report recommending a private reprimand for minor misconduct, without dismissal of the case, shall be deemed a finding of probable cause. The rejection of such report by a respondent shall be deemed a finding of probable cause for minor misconduct. If either the board or the respondent rejects a minor misconduct report, confidentiality shall remain in effect until the Supreme Court of Florida enters an order imposing public discipline. Upon trial before a referee following rejection by a respondent of a report of minor misconduct, the referee may recommend any discipline authorized under these rules. (5) Admission of minor misconduct. At any time prior to the filing of a complaint with the Supreme Court of Florida a respondent may tender a written admission of minor misconduct to branch staff counsel or the grievance committee. An admission of minor misconduct may be conditioned upon acceptance by the grievance committee, but the respondent may not condition the admission of minor misconduct upon the method of administration of the private reprimand or upon nonpayment *1000 of costs incurred in the proceedings. Such an admission may be tendered after a finding of probable cause (but before the filing of a complaint) only if such an admission has not been previously tendered. If the admission is tendered after a finding of probable cause, the grievance committee may consider such admission without further evidentiary hearing and may either reject the admission, thereby affirming its prior action, or accept the admission and issue its report of minor misconduct. If a respondent's admission is accepted by the grievance committee, the respondent may not thereafter reject a report of the committee recommending a private reprimand for minor misconduct. If the admission of minor misconduct is rejected, such admission shall not be considered or used against the respondent in subsequent proceedings. (c) Probation. The respondent may be placed upon probation for a stated period of time of not less than six (6) months nor more than three (3) years or for an indefinite period determined by conditions stated in the order. The judgment shall state the conditions of the probation which may include but are not limited to the following: supervision of all or part of the respondent's work by a member of The Florida Bar; the making of reports to a designated agency; the satisfactory completion of a course of study or a paper on legal ethics approved by the Supreme Court of Florida; such supervision over fees and trust accounts as the Court may direct. The respondent will also reimburse the bar for the costs of supervision. Failure to observe the conditions of the probation or a finding of probable cause as to conduct of the respondent committed during the period of probation shall terminate the probation. In such event, even though such finding of probable cause shall be made after the expiration of the period of probation, the judgment shall be reconsidered and an appropriate judgment shall be entered. On termination of probation for failure to observe the conditions of probation or on a finding of probable cause for misconduct committed during the period of probation, the attorney may be punished for contempt or suspended from the practice of law on petition by The Florida Bar, and any such suspension shall continue until the respondent may be reinstated to the practice of law as provided elsewhere in these rules. (d) Public reprimand. A public reprimand shall be administered in the manner prescribed in the judgment but all such reprimands shall be reported in the Southern Reporter. Due notice shall be given to the respondent of any proceeding set to administer the reprimand. The respondent shall appear personally before the Supreme Court of Florida, the board of governors, or the referee, if required, and such appearance shall be made a part of the record of the proceeding. (e) Suspension. The respondent may be suspended from the practice of law for a definite period of time or an indefinite period thereafter to be determined by the conditions imposed by the judgment. During such suspension the respondent shall continue to be a member of The Florida Bar but without the privilege of practicing, and, upon the expiration of the suspension period and the satisfaction of all conditions accompanying the suspension, the respondent shall become eligible to all of the privileges of members in The Florida Bar. A suspension of ninety (90) days or less shall not require proof of rehabilitation or passage of the Florida bar examination. A suspension of more than ninety (90) days shall require proof of rehabilitation and may require passage of all or part of the Florida bar examination. No suspension shall be ordered for a specific period of time in excess of three (3) years. (f) Disbarment. A judgment of disbarment terminates the respondent's status as a member of the bar. A former member who has been disbarred may only be admitted again upon full compliance with the rules and regulations governing admission to the bar. Except as might be otherwise provided in these rules, no application for admission may be tendered within five (5) years after the date of disbarment or such longer period as the Court might determine in the disbarment order. *1001 (g) Temporary suspension and probation. On petition of The Florida Bar, authorized by its president, president-elect, or executive director, supported by an affidavit demonstrating facts personally known to affiant showing that an attorney appears to be causing great public harm by misappropriating funds to his own use, or for other reasons, the Supreme Court of Florida may issue an order with such notice as the Court may prescribe imposing temporary conditions of probation on said attorney or temporarily suspending said attorney. Any order of temporary suspension or probation which restricts the attorney maintaining a trust account shall, when served on any bank maintaining an account against which said attorney may make withdrawals, serve as an injunction to prevent said bank from making further payment from such account or accounts on any obligation except in accordance with restrictions imposed by the Court. Any order of temporary suspension issued under this rule shall preclude the attorney from accepting any new cases and may preclude the attorney from continuing to represent existing clients during the first thirty (30) days after issuance of such temporary order. Any fees tendered to such attorney during such thirty-day period shall be deposited in a trust fund from which withdrawals may be made only in accordance with restrictions imposed by the Court. The attorney may for good cause request dissolution or amendment of any such temporary order by petition filed with the Supreme Court of Florida, a copy of which will be served on the executive director. Such petition for dissolution shall be set for immediate hearing before a referee designated by the chief justice. The designated referee shall hear such petition forthwith and submit his report and recommendation to the Supreme Court of Florida with the utmost speed consistent with due process. Upon receipt of the referee's report, the Supreme Court of Florida shall modify its order if appropriate and continue such provision of the order as may be appropriate until final disposition of all pending disciplinary charges against said attorney. (h) Notice to clients. Upon service on the respondent of an order of disbarment, suspension, resignation for cause, temporary suspension, or placement on the inactive list, the respondent shall, unless this requirement is waived or modified in the Court's order, forthwith furnish a copy of the order to all of his clients with matters pending in the respondent's practice, and within thirty (30) days after service of the order the respondent shall furnish staff counsel of The Florida Bar with a sworn affidavit listing the names and addresses of all clients who have been furnished copies of the order. 3-6 Employment of certain disciplined attorneys. 3-6.1 Generally. When attorneys have been placed on the inactive list, suspended, disbarred, or allowed resignation pursuant to rule 3-7.11 by order of this Court, they are ineligible to practice law until reinstated or readmitted. However, this shall not preclude a lawyer, law firm, or professional association from employing the suspended, disbarred, or resigned individual to perform such services only as may ethically be performed by other lay persons employed in attorneys' offices under the following conditions: (a) Notice of employment. Notice of employment along with a full job description will be provided to staff counsel before employment commences. (b) Reports by employee and employer. Information reports verified by the employee and employer will be submitted to staff counsel quarterly. Such reports shall contain a statement by the employing lawyer certifying that no aspect of the employee's work for the period involved the unlicensed practice of law. (c) Client contact. No suspended or disbarred attorney shall have direct contact with any client or receive, disburse, or otherwise handle funds or property of a client. 3-7 Procedures. 3-7.1 Confidentiality. All matters including files, preliminary investigation reports, inter-office memoranda, records of *1002 investigations, and the records in trials and other proceedings under these rules, excepting only those matters in connection with proceedings initiated in circuit courts, are all property of The Florida Bar. All of such matters having to do with (1) investigation and other proceedings to determine probable cause and (2) resignations pending disciplinary proceedings shall be confidential to all parties participating therein or having knowledge thereof except as otherwise provided in these rules. All persons shall be admonished by the agency before whom they appear to observe the confidential nature of such proceedings. However, the confidential nature of such proceedings is subject to the following exceptions: (a) Public record. The record, as defined in rule 3-7.5(1), and any reports, correspondence, papers, and/or transcripts of hearings furnished to or served on the respondent and any responses in the proceedings shall become public information in the following instances: (1) Action of respondent. a. If the respondent shall file in the proceeding a request, in writing, that the proceedings be made public information. b. If the respondent shall, orally or in writing, disclose the status or pendency of the proceedings to the media or any person or entity not within the purview of confidentiality. c. If the respondent shall institute proceedings in a court or before any administrative body thereby disclosing the status or pendency of the proceedings. d. If respondent shall resign, pending disciplinary proceedings which are confidential, confidentiality of the proceedings shall terminate on the filing of the petition for leave to resign and the general nature of the disciplinary charges shall be stated in the resignation order. e. If a member of The Florida Bar who is a candidate for public office makes public the fact of and circumstances surrounding the administration of discipline to that member at the level of a private reprimand or higher, The Florida Bar may disclose information necessary to correct a false or misleading statement by such candidate. (2) Action of The Florida Bar. Upon the filing by staff counsel in the Supreme Court of Florida of a formal complaint for other than minor misconduct. (3) Circuit court proceeding. If the proceeding is in a circuit court. However, proceedings in contempt of confidential proceedings shall preserve the confidentiality of the disciplinary proceeding as elsewhere provided. (b) Limitations on public disclosure. Public disclosure of all or any portion of the record, as defined in rule 3-7.5(1), is subject, in all instances, to the following limitations: (1) Any material or information provided to The Florida Bar in the course of an investigation which is confidential under applicable law shall remain confidential and shall not be disclosed except as authorized by such applicable law. (2) The disclosure does not affect the right of confidentiality under these rules of any other member of The Florida Bar. (c) Limited disclosure; access to confidential information. Upon request, and to the extent necessary to provide the information required therefor, any portion of the record, as defined in rule 3-7.5(1) and any reports, correspondence, papers, and/or transcripts of hearings furnished to or served upon the respondent and any response in the proceedings shall be provided to: (1) The Florida Board of Bar Examiners and the comparable body having jurisdiction of an application for admission in another jurisdiction for the purpose of evaluating the applicant's competency to practice law. (2) Judicial nominating commissions for the purpose of evaluating an applicant's qualification for judicial appointment. (3) The Clients' Security Fund Committee to assist in preparing its recommendation on the validity of an application for relief. *1003 (4) Any judge of a court of record having a judicial interest in the matter. (5) A complainant for advice as to the pending status or final disposition of the complaint. (6) In all cases where a complaint alleges a trust fund violation, the present partners, employed lawyers, professional association shareholders, employed associates, and "of counsel" of the respondent, as determined by the designated board reviewer, to prevent further trust fund violations by the respondent. (7) Any individual or organization for whom a member of The Florida Bar has signed a waiver of confidentiality for the purposes expressed in such waiver. (d) Limitations on limited disclosure. Disclosures authorized in rule 3-7.1(c) above are subject, in all instances, to the limitations on public disclosures set forth in rules 3-7.1(b)1 and 3-7.1(b)2 and are further subject to the following: (1) The attorney who is the subject of a request for limited disclosure, as described in rule 3-7.1(c), shall forthwith be advised of the content of all reports and information provided to the requesting party. (2) All confidential information provided shall remain confidential and shall not be disclosed by the recipient thereof except as may be provided in these rules. (3) A complainant will not be advised of an admonishment accompanying a finding of no probable cause. (e) Information concerning proceeding. No information concerning the pendency or status of an investigation or other confidential matter shall be given unless authorized by the Supreme Court of Florida or these rules. (f) Evidence of crime. The confidential nature of disciplinary proceedings and the oath given to witnesses therein shall not proscribe the filing of informations and the giving of testimony before grand juries or other prosecuting authorities by individuals having knowledge of facts indicating the commission of crime. (g) Confidentiality regarding treatment for alcohol abuse. (1) Evidence that an attorney has voluntarily sought, received, or accepted treatment for alcoholism or alcohol abuse shall be deemed confidential. (2) No qualified person furnishing treatment, advisory, consultive, or other services or who offers such services, or with whom an attorney has consulted for the purpose of considering or securing treatment, advisory, consultive, or other services relating to alcoholism or alcohol abuse may give evidence with respect to the consultation or treatment by such attorney in any disciplinary proceeding without the written consent of the attorney(s) affected. (3) It is the purpose of this paragraph (g) to encourage attorneys to voluntarily seek advice, counsel, and treatment available to such attorney, without fear that such advice, counsel, and treatment, or the fact of its being sought or offered, will or might cause embarrassment in any future disciplinary matter. 3-7.2 Procedures upon criminal or professional misconduct; discipline upon determination or judgment of guilt of criminal misconduct. (a) Definitions. (1) Judgment of guilt. For the purposes of these rules "judgment of guilt" shall include only those cases in which the trial court in the criminal proceeding enters an order adjudicating the respondent guilty of the offense(s) charged. (2) Determination of guilt. For the purposes of these rules "determination of guilt" shall include only those cases in which the trial court in the criminal proceeding enters an order withholding adjudication of respondent's guilt of the offense(s) charged. (3) Convicted attorney. For the purposes of these rules "convicted attorney" shall mean an attorney who has had either a determination or judgment of guilt entered by the trial court in the criminal proceeding. *1004 (b) Determination or judgment of guilt. Determination or judgment of guilt of a member of The Florida Bar by a court of competent jurisdiction upon trial of or plea to any crime or offense that is a felony under the laws of this state, or under the laws under which any other court making such determination or entering such judgment exercises its jurisdiction, shall be conclusive proof of guilt of the criminal offense(s) charged for the purposes of these rules. (c) Notice of determination or judgment of guilt. Upon the entry of a determination or judgment of guilt against a member of The Florida Bar by a court of competent jurisdiction upon trial of or plea to any offense that is a felony under the laws applicable to such court, such convicted attorney shall within thirty (30) days of such determination or judgment notify the executive director of The Florida Bar of such determination or judgment. Notice shall include a copy of the order(s) whereby such determination or judgment was entered. (d) Notice of determination or judgment of guilt by courts of the State of Florida. If any such determination or judgment is entered by a court of the State of Florida, the judge or clerk thereof shall transmit to the Supreme Court of Florida and the executive director of The Florida Bar a certified copy of the order(s) whereby the determination or judgment was entered. (e) Suspension by judgment of guilt (felonies). Upon receiving notice that a member of the bar has been determined or adjudicated guilty of a felony, branch staff counsel will file a "Notice of Determination or Judgment of Guilt" in the Supreme Court of Florida. A copy of the judgment shall be attached to the notice. Upon the filing with the Supreme Court of Florida by The Florida Bar and service upon the respondent of a notice of determination or judgment of guilt for offenses that are felonies under applicable law, the respondent shall stand suspended as a member of The Florida Bar on the eleventh day after filing of the notice of determination or judgment of guilt unless he shall, on or before the tenth day after filing of such notice, file a petition to terminate or modify such suspension. (f) Petition to modify or terminate suspension. (1) At any time after the filing of a notice of determination or judgment of guilt the respondent may file a petition with the Supreme Court of Florida to modify or terminate such suspension and shall serve a copy thereof upon the executive director. (2) If such petition is filed on or before the tenth day following the filing of the notice, the suspension will be deferred until entry of an order on the petition. (3) If such petition is filed after the tenth day following the filing of the notice of judgment of guilt, the suspension shall remain in effect pending disposition of the petition. Modification or termination of the suspension shall be granted only upon a showing of good cause. (g) Response to petition to modify or terminate automatic suspension. The Florida Bar shall be allowed twenty (20) days from the filing of a petition to modify or terminate automatic suspension to respond to the same. Staff counsel will oppose all petitions to modify or withhold an automatic suspension on a notice of determination or judgment of guilt unless the designated reviewer recommends and the executive committee concurs in not opposing such a petition. (h) Term of suspension. Unless the Supreme Court of Florida permits an earlier application for reinstatement, the suspension imposed on the determination or judgment of guilt shall remain in effect for three (3) years and thereafter until civil rights have been restored and until the respondent is reinstated under rule 3-7.9 hereof. (1) Continuation during appeal. A final termination of the criminal cause resulting in the affirmance of a determination or judgment of guilt shall continue the *1005 suspension until expiration of all periods for appeal and rehearing. (2) Continuation of suspension until final disposition. If an appeal is taken by the respondent from the determination or judgment of the trial court in the criminal proceeding, and on review the cause is remanded for further proceedings, the suspension shall remain in effect until the final disposition of the criminal cause unless modified or terminated by the Supreme Court of Florida as elsewhere provided. (3) Termination of suspension. A final disposition of the criminal cause resulting in acquittal will terminate the suspension. (i) Separate disciplinary action. The Florida Bar may, at any time, initiate separate disciplinary action against the respondent. (1) Conclusive proof of probable cause. A determination or judgment of guilt, where the offense is a felony under applicable law, shall constitute conclusive proof of probable cause and The Florida Bar may file a complaint with the Supreme Court of Florida, or proceed under rule 3-7.8, without there first having been a separate finding of probable cause. (2) Determination or judgment of guilt as evidence. A determination or judgment of guilt, whether for charges that are felony or misdemeanor in nature, shall be admissible in disciplinary proceedings under these rules, and in those cases where the underlying criminal charges constitute felony charges, determinations or judgments of guilt shall, for purposes of these rules, constitute conclusive proof of the criminal offense(s) charged. The failure of a trial court to adjudicate the convicted attorney guilty of the offense(s) charged shall be considered as a matter of mitigation only. (j) Professional misconduct in foreign jurisdiction. (1) Notice of discipline by a foreign jurisdiction. A member of The Florida Bar disbarred or suspended from the practice of law by a court or other authorized disciplinary agency of another state or by a federal court shall within thirty (30) days after the effective date of disbarment or suspension file with the Supreme Court of Florida a copy of the order or judgment effecting such disbarment or suspension. (2) Adjudication or discipline by a foreign jurisdiction. In cases of a final adjudication by a court or other authorized disciplinary agency of another jurisdiction, such adjudication of misconduct shall be sufficient basis for the filing of a complaint by The Florida Bar and assignment for hearing before a referee without a finding of probable cause under these rules. 3-7.3 Grievance committee procedures. When notice of a grievance committee hearing is sent to respondent, such notice shall be accompanied by a list of the grievance committee members. (a) Complaint filed with grievance committee. A complaint received by a committee direct from a complainant shall be reported to the appropriate branch staff counsel for docketing and assignment of a case number, unless the committee resolves the complaint within ten (10) days after receipt of the complaint. A written report to branch staff counsel shall include the following information: complainant's name and address; respondent's name; date complaint received by committee; copy of complaint letter or summary of the oral complaint made; and the name of the committee member assigned to the investigation. Formal investigation by a grievance committee may proceed after the matter has been referred to staff counsel for docketing. (b) Investigation. A grievance committee is required to consider all charges of misconduct forwarded to the committee by staff counsel whether based upon a written complaint or not. (c) Conduct of proceedings. The proceedings of grievance committees may be informal in nature and the committees shall not be bound by the rules of evidence. (d) No delay for civil or criminal proceedings. An investigation shall not be deferred or suspended without the approval of the board even though the respondent *1006 is made a party of civil litigation, or is a defendant or is acquitted in a criminal action, notwithstanding that either of such proceedings involves the subject matter of the investigation. (e) Counsel and investigators. Upon request of a grievance committee, staff counsel may appoint a bar counsel or an investigator to assist the committee in an investigation. Staff counsel shall assist each grievance committee in carrying out its investigative and administrative duties and shall prepare status reports for the committee, notify complainants and respondents of committee actions as appropriate, and prepare all reports reflecting committee findings of probable cause, no probable cause, recommended discipline for minor misconduct, and admonishments after no probable cause findings. (f) Quorum, vote. Not fewer than three (3) members, one of whom must be the chairperson or vice-chairperson and another of whom must be a lawyer, shall constitute a quorum. All findings of probable cause and recommendations of guilt of minor misconduct shall be made by affirmative vote of a majority of the committee members present, which majority must number at least two (2) members. The number of committee members voting for or against the committee report shall be reflected in the transcript. Minority reports may be filed. (g) Rights and responsibilities of the respondent. The respondent may be required to testify and to produce evidence as any other witness unless the respondent claims a privilege or right properly available to the respondent under applicable federal or state law. The respondent may be accompanied by counsel. At a reasonable time before any hearing at which any finding of probable cause or minor misconduct is made the respondent shall be advised of the conduct which is being investigated and the rules which have been violated, provided the bar may amend its statement as to which rules have been violated. The respondent shall be given an opportunity to make a statement personally or by counsel, verbally or in writing, sworn or unsworn, explaining, refuting, or admitting the alleged misconduct. The respondent shall be granted the right to be present at any grievance committee hearing when evidence is to be presented to the committee, to face the accuser, and to call witnesses or present evidence and to cross-examine, subject to reasonable limitation. (h) Rights of the complaining witness. The complaining witness is not a party to the disciplinary proceeding. Unless found to be impractical by the chairman of the grievance committee due to unreasonable delay or other good cause, the complainant shall be granted the right to be present at any grievance committee hearing when evidence is to be presented, subject to reasonable limitations. Neither unwillingness nor neglect of the complaining witness to cooperate, nor settlement, compromise, or restitution will excuse the completion of an investigation. The complaining witness shall have no right of appeal. (i) No finding of probable cause. If a grievance committee upon termination of its investigation does not find probable cause, the committee shall dispose of its file in the manner directed by the board of governors. If the grievance committee has notified the respondent of the investigation, then the committee shall notify the respondent of the action of the committee. The failure of a grievance committee to find probable cause shall not preclude further proceedings. (j) Preparation, forwarding, and review of grievance committee complaints. If a grievance committee finds probable cause, the branch staff counsel assigned to the committee shall promptly prepare a record of its investigation and a formal complaint. The formal complaint shall be signed by the chairperson or vice-chairperson of the committee who participated in the proceeding. The formal complaint shall be in such form as shall be prescribed by the board. Such formal complaint shall be promptly forwarded to and reviewed by bar headquarters staff counsel. If the grievance committee chairperson or vice-chairperson *1007 disagrees with the form of the complaint, he or she may direct branch staff counsel to make changes accordingly. If branch staff counsel does not agree with the directed changes, the matter shall be referred to the designated reviewer of the committee for appropriate action. When a formal complaint by a grievance committee is not referred to the designated reviewer, or returned to the grievance committee for further action, bar headquarters staff counsel shall furnish a copy of the formal complaint to the respondent, and a copy of the transcripts and exhibits shall be made available to the respondent at his expense. (k) Letter reports in no probable cause cases. Upon a finding of no probable cause, the committee chairperson or vice-chairperson will submit a short letter report of the no probable cause finding to branch staff counsel with a copy to the investigating member and the respondent if the respondent was notified of the investigation. The report to branch staff counsel should include any documentation deemed appropriate by the chairperson or vice-chairperson. The chairperson or vice-chairperson shall also send a letter to the complainant in confidence, without reference to any admonishment, with a copy to branch staff counsel, explaining why the complaint did not warrant further proceedings. Admonishments issued by a grievance committee shall be in writing and signed by the chairperson or vice-chairperson and shall not be made a part of the respondent's record. (1) Recommendation of private reprimand for minor misconduct. If the committee recommends an order of private reprimand for minor misconduct, the grievance committee report shall be drafted by branch staff counsel and signed by the chairperson or vice-chairperson who participated in the hearing. The committee report need only include: (1) the committee's recommendations regarding the private reprimand, designation withdrawal, and conditions of redesignation; (2) the committee's recommendation as to whether the respondent should be required to appear before the board for administration of the reprimand; (3) a summary of any additional charges which will be dismissed if the private reprimand is approved; (4) any comment on mitigating, aggravating, or evidentiary matters which the committee believes will be helpful to the board in passing upon the private reprimand recommendation; and (5) an admission of minor misconduct signed by the respondent, if the respondent has admitted guilt of minor misconduct. No record need be submitted with such a report. After the chairperson or vice-chairperson signs the grievance committee report, he or she shall return the report to branch staff counsel. The report recommending a private reprimand shall be forwarded to staff counsel and the designated reviewer for review. If staff counsel does not return the report to the grievance committee to remedy a defect therein, or if the designated reviewer does not present the same to the disciplinary review committee for action by the board, the report shall then be served on the respondent by branch staff counsel. (m) Rejection of private reprimand. The order of private reprimand shall become final unless rejected by the respondent within fifteen (15) days after service upon the respondent. If rejected by the respondent, the report shall be referred to bar counsel and referee for trial on complaint of minor misconduct to be prepared by branch staff counsel as in the case of a finding of probable cause. (n) Staff counsel and grievance committee chairperson determinations of no probable cause. If staff counsel and a grievance committee chairperson concur in a finding of no probable cause, the complaint may be closed on such finding without reference to a grievance committee. ( o ) Appointment of bar counsel. When a grievance committee formal complaint is not referred to the disciplinary review committee, or returned to the grievance committee, staff counsel of The Florida Bar headquarters in Tallahassee may appoint bar counsel unless bar counsel has been a [Text truncated at 120,000 characters. The full text is on the page linked above.] --- Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/1094535. Public record. Not legal advice.