# Project Design & Piping, Inc. v. Siemens Industry, Inc.

> District Court, N.D. Indiana · March 25, 2025

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10830403

## Case

- **Court:** District Court, N.D. Indiana
- **Decided:** March 25, 2025
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

## Citator (automated)

- No negative treatment found by the automated citator. That is not the same as a confirmation that the case is good law; read the citing cases.
- Full citator and citing cases: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10830403

## How later opinions describe it (automated extraction)

- clarifying the difference between a bid and an offer
- applying the substantial performance doctrine to a construction contract

## Opinion text

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF INDIANA
FORT WAYNE DIVISION

PROJECT DESIGN & PIPING, INC., )
)
Plaintiff, )
)
v. ) CAUSE NO. 1:21-cv-00266-SLC
)
SIEMENS INDUSTRY INC., )
)
Defendant. )

OPINION AND ORDER
Plaintiff Project Design & Piping, Inc. (“Project Design”), filed this breach of contract action
against Defendant Siemens Industry Inc. (“Siemens”), on June 15, 2021, claiming that Siemens
failed to perform contractually obligated subcontractor duties in a construction project. (See ECF
3-2).1 Subsequently, on June 22, 2021, Siemens advanced counterclaims of breach of contract
and “account stated” against Project Design. (See ECF 8 at 5-8). Now before the Court is
Siemens’s motion for summary judgment (ECF 47), a memorandum in support of summary
judgment (ECF 47-1), a statement of undisputed material facts (ECF 47-2), and supporting
evidence (ECF 47-3 to ECF 47-30) filed on May 20, 2024. Project Design responded with a brief
in opposition (ECF 58), along with a response to Siemens’s statement of facts (ECF 59), and
supporting evidence (ECF 59-1), on July 29, 2024. Thereafter, Siemens filed a reply brief on
August 23, 2024. (ECF 60). Therefore, the motion is now ripe for ruling.
For the following reasons, Siemens’s motion for summary judgment will be GRANTED IN
PART and DENIED IN PART, and Siemens will be granted leave to file a second summary
judgment motion as set forth herein.

1 Subject matter jurisdiction arises under diversity jurisdiction, 28 U.S.C. § 1332. (See ECF 3). Jurisdiction of the
undersigned Magistrate Judge is based on 28 U.S.C. § 636(c), all parties consenting. (See ECF 30).
A. Statement of Material Facts2
1. The Project
Project Design is a mechanical contractor whose business involves installing HVAC
systems in large institutional buildings. (See ECF 59-1 at 4). In 2017, Project Design was the
mechanical contractor for a construction project (the “Project”) at Parkview Wabash Hospital
located in Wabash, Indiana. (See ECF 59 ¶¶ 1, 2). In Project Design’s contract with the general
contractor, Project Design was required to substantially complete its work on the Project by April

1, 2018. (See ECF 47-13 at 2, 13). At some point, Siemens submitted a bid to become Project
Design’s controls systems subcontractor for the Project. (See ECF 59-1 at 13; see also ECF 47-
28 ¶ 8; ECF 59 ¶ 16).
2. Project Design Sends the Purchase Order to Siemens on or about February 13, 2017
The parties’ communications of record relevant to contract formation, as to the Project,
begin in mid-February 2017. (See ECF 59-1 at 12-18). On February 11, 2017, Project Design
emailed Siemens stating it had received “Siemens Base Bid[,]” was attaching the general
submittal requirements, and that “[t]hey have accepted the change in AHU’s and gone with the
TEMTROL revised fanwall units which per your e-mail, is no cost change to you.” (Id. at 13).
The email further stated: “Your contract number is 1646-315 and it is being typed up now. Please

get rolling on shop drawings and call if you have any questions.” (Id.). Between February 12 and
14, 2017, the parties further discussed the scope of work. (See id. at 12, 14-18 (discussing a
missed revision to the parties’ scope of work, among other topics)). Siemens sent Project Design
a proposal, in the form of a five-page memo, dated February 14, 2017, including the scope of
work to be completed for the Project. (See id. at 14-18 (“Siemens . . . is pleased to provide this

2 For summary judgment purposes, the facts are recited in the light most favorable to Project Design, the nonmoving
party. See Payne v. Pauley, 337 F.3d 767, 770 (7th Cir. 2003).
proposal for a new Siemens building automation and temperature control system for the new
[Project].”)).
On or about February 13, 2017, Project Design issued an unsigned “Purchase Order
1646-315” (the “Purchase Order”) to Siemens for the purpose of Siemens “provid[ing] labor,
materials and equipment required to furnish and install all temperature controls, control panels,
software, programming, VFD’s, control dampers and miscellaneous control components per
plans, specifications, addendums and approved shop drawings” for the Project. (ECF 47-14 at 4;
see ECF 47-6 at 38; ECF 59 ¶ 4).3 In short, Siemens was to serve as Project Design’s “control

systems subcontractor” on the Project. (ECF 59 ¶ 16). The agreed upon and reasonable value of
the work to be performed was $452,050, pursuant to the Purchase Order. (See ECF 59 ¶ 14; see
also ECF 47-14 at 4).
Apparently, Project Design cannot locate the Purchase Order it sent to Siemens on or
about February 13, 2017. (See ECF 58 at 5; see also ECF 59 ¶¶ 15, 15.a). The only version of the
Purchase Order of record is the single-sided one returned by Siemens to Project Design on
March 30, 2017, to be discussed infra, which states on its face: “This Agreement is subject to all
provisions and conditions on the reverse side, including those limiting warranties . . . .” (ECF 47-
14 at 4 (capitalization omitted); see ECF 3-1 at 11; ECF 3-2 at 5)). As an exhibit to its summary

judgment motion, Siemens filed a single-page terms and conditions form, containing fifteen
numbered paragraphs (the “Terms and Conditions”), which Project Design contends would have
been included on the reverse side of the Purchase Order sent to Siemens on February 13, 2017.
(ECF 47-24; see ECF 59 ¶ 15.e). Project Design indicates that it routinely included the Terms

3 Although the record does not identify the date Project Design actually submitted the Purchase Order to Siemens,
(see ECF 47-6 at 34-35 (demonstrating the parties’ uncertainty as to when and how the Purchase Order was
delivered to Siemens)), there is no dispute that the Purchase Order is dated February 13, 2017 (see ECF 47-14 at 4).
and Conditions on the reverse side of its purchase orders during the relevant period. (See ECF 59
¶¶ 15, 15.a, 15.e; see also ECF 47-6 at 229-30).
3. The Parties’ Actions from February 14, 2017, to March 30, 2017
On February 14, 2017, Siemens emailed Project Design, stating: “Attached is an updated

scope letter with all the pricing adjustments shown. Looking forward to working with you!”
(ECF 59-1 at 12). As previously mentioned, the record includes a five-page memo, dated that
same day and issued from Siemens to Project Design, “provid[ing] [a] proposal for a new
Siemens building automation and temperature controls system for the [Project.]” (Id. at 14).
On February 22, 2017, the parties exchanged emails concerning the submittal process.
(ECF 59 ¶ 5.h).4 On March 9, 2017, Siemens sent a request for information to Project Design.
(ECF 59 ¶ 5.n).5 On March 10, 2017, Project Design forwarded to Siemens an invitation to a
coordination meeting, upon Project Design being told by the general contractor that “any second
tier subcontractors that may be involved in any of your low voltage cabling” installations should
attend. (ECF 59-1 at 19; see ECF 59 ¶ 5.i).

4 Project Design asserts the following explanation of a submittal in large construction projects:

In large construction projects it is common practice that after a contract (or subcontract) is
awarded to a contractor, the contractor will prepare detailed drawings of the work they will
perform. The drawings are submitted to the project engineer for approval, and the detailed
information provided by the contractor is referred to as a “submittal.”

(Id. ¶ 5.g (citations omitted)).

5 Project Design explains as follows regarding the request for information process:

In large construction projects, a contractor or subcontractor who needs information about the
specifications or other matters related to their work can send a request for information, or
“RFI,” to the party that engaged the contractor. A contractor looking for information would
use an RFI after it has entered into a contract, not before.

(ECF 59 ¶ 5.m (citation omitted); see also ECF 59-1 at 11, 26).
On March 13, 2017, Siemens emailed Project Design stating this its project manager, and
a subcontractor of Siemens, would attend the coordination meeting, which was set for March 16,
2017. (See ECF 59 ¶ 5.j; see also ECF 59-1 at 20). On March 17, 2017, Siemens’s operations
manager informed its workers that the Project “was a ‘must win’ for [the Siemens] team[,]” that
the “booked margin” was negative 13.5%, and that the team needed to “come up with a plan to
bring this up to 0% by the end of project completion.” (ECF 59-1 at 249). Siemens attended a
Project-related meeting the morning of March 30, 2017. (See ECF 59 ¶ 5.l; see also ECF 59-1 at
21-24; ECF 60 at 16).6

4. Siemens Returns the Purchase Order with the Addendum
On March 30, 2017, at 1:06 PM, Siemens emailed Project Design, apologizing for the
delay and stating: “Siemens has reviewed and accepted [the Purchase Order] for the [Project],
subject to the previously agreed addendum. [O]nce signed, please email me the fully executed
document.” (ECF 47-14 at 2 (emphasis added)). Attached to the email was the Purchase Order
signed by David Morgan and Wendy Rodriguez of Siemens on March 7, 2017, and March 23,
2017, respectively, together with a one-page “Addendum 1 to Purchase Order 1646-315
(‘Agreement’)” (the “Addendum”). (ECF 47-14 at 4-5). On the face of the Purchase Order was a
text box, stating: “Addendum 1 Attached hereto is incorporated herein and made a part hereof by

this reference[.]” (Id. at 4 (capitalization omitted)).
The Addendum, dated March 6, 2017, seeks to “[r]evise” paragraph 12 and “[a]dd as
new” paragraphs 16 and 17. (Id. at 5; see ECF 59 ¶ 7). Paragraph 16 of the Addendum addresses
Siemens’s liability for claims arising from Project Design’s third-party contracts, and Paragraph

6 Although this point is not dispositive, the parties appear to dispute whether Siemens attended one or two project
meetings during the month of March 2017—prior to Siemens offering the Addendum to Project Design. (See ECF
58 at 4; see also ECF 60 at 16).
17 addresses Siemens’s maximum liability under the Purchase Order. (See ECF 47-14 at 5; see
also ECF 59 ¶¶ 8-9). The Addendum states: “The parties agree that this Addendum modifies the
Agreement between the parties dated February 13, 2017[,] and is incorporated therein by this
reference.” (ECF 47-14 at 5).
Project Design states that it never discussed the terms of the Addendum with Siemens,
before or after March 30, 2017. (See ECF 59 ¶¶ 5-7, 11; see also ECF 59-1 at 6). That is, Project
Design neither agreed to the Addendum, nor objected to it. (See ECF 59 ¶¶ 5-7, 11, 13-15).

5. Contract Performance
The Purchase Order obligated Siemens to provide and build a system “that managed
many of the mechanical systems.” (Id. ¶ 23).7 The parties refer to this system as “the building
automation and temperature controls system (“BAS”).” (Id. ¶ 4). A BAS—which is a part of a
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system—controls cooling and heating in a
building. (See id. ¶¶ 17-18).8 Siemens was expected to write programming logic so that the BAS

7 The parties agree on the following:

The few exceptions to this contract were local control systems that came with specific pieces
of equipment. Those systems were provided by others under contract to the general
contractor and the mechanical contractor, [Project Design]. For instance, the boiler control
systems, including a communication card called a BAC.net card, were provided by the boiler
manufacturer. The chiller control systems, including a BAC.net card, were provided by the
chiller vendor. Both were specified to be factory installed systems.

(Id.).

8 The parties agree that a BAS can be described as follows:

The BAS is in essence a server, a computer, where programming resides that monitors and
controls many, but not all, aspects of the mechanical systems. Multiple operators can access
the server remotely to control many building mechanical systems. The work product that
goes into such a system involves making the system communicate with various mechanical
devices and sensors, and creating logical programming that allows mechanical systems to be
controlled, logged and viewed.

(Id. ¶ 21 (citation omitted)).
would direct the various components of the HVAC system to act to the Project’s specifications.
(See id. ¶¶ 21-23).
In the fourteen or so months after Siemens sent Project Design the signed Purchase Order
and Addendum, the parties performed, or attempted to perform, their respective duties described
in the Purchase Order. (See id. ¶ 63). However, by May 31, 2018, Project Design believed that
Siemens’s work on the Project was not substantially complete.9 Siemens avers that only punch
list items remained to be completed by May 31, 2018. (See id. ¶¶ 63, 92, 97; ECF 47-6 at 101-

02; ECF 47-16 at 2). Siemens contends that there were certain actions that it was unable to
complete because other work, outside of Siemens’s scope, required completion first. (See ECF 59
¶ 79 (citing ECF 47-6 at 168); see also id. ¶ 80; ECF 47-5 at 129-30).
In that regard, the parties agree that during the Project some actions could be completed
concurrent to other actions, while some actions had to precede other actions, but they dispute
which actions were true bottlenecks to completion of the Project. (ECF 59 ¶¶ 26, 32). The order
of operations in the Project involved Project Design first installing the physical system

components, such as boilers, chillers, and piping. (Id. ¶ 29).10 Next, the boiler and other HVAC
components would be started up. (Id. ¶ 30). Finally, Siemens was charged with integrating the
BAS. (Id. ¶ 31).
Project Design avers that the BAS could be integrated into the underlying mechanical
components of the HVAC system even when the underlying mechanicals are operating with

9 Project Design provides roughly sixteen pages of evidence in denial of the claim that Siemens substantially
completed and performed its job in conformance with the contract. (See id. ¶ 63.a-63.dddd). Without expounding on
the details at length, the record includes depositions from those involved with the Project, claiming that Siemens
failed to (1) properly troubleshoot controls related to its responsibilities and (2) properly program certain
equipment—including terminal air boxes. (See id.). These alleged deficiencies, among others noted by Project
Design, purportedly caused critical issues concerning the air flow within the hospital. (See id. ¶ 63.tt).

10 Boilers control heating and chillers control cooling in a building. (See id. ¶ 17).
malfunction. (See id. ¶¶ 32-33; see also ECF 47-5 at 68).11 Siemens, on the other hand, argues
that the BAS could only be integrated into the underlying mechanical components of the HVAC
system after the underlying mechanicals are operating without malfunction. (See ECF 59 ¶ 32).
More generally, Siemens urges that any alleged insufficiencies on its part are either false or could
have been cured by Siemens if given the opportunity. (See ECF 60 at 11-13; see e.g., ECF 59 ¶
44; ECF 60-1 ¶¶ 34, 36-38, 41, 46). The parties are aligned that the chiller system and boilers,
installed by Project Design, had mechanical issues that delayed Siemens’s work in relation to the
contractual agreement. (See ECF 59 ¶ 34).12 Sometime in the Spring of 2018 the chillers were

installed by Project Design, and started, but began acting erratically. (See id. ¶¶ 36-37).13 The
issues with the chillers are recorded in project tracking documents, shared between the parties.14
The boiler for the Project had a communication card that did not work, preventing Siemens from
integrating the BAS into the boiler. (See id. ¶¶ 49-50).15 Project Design states that Siemens had
access to the server and network before June 2018—offering enough time to upload
programming, code, and graphics. (See id. ¶ 59.a; see also ECF 59-1 at 33).16

11 In doing so, however, Project Design acknowledges that the BAS will report malfunction if the underlying
mechanicals are operating with malfunction. (See ECF 59 ¶¶ 32-33).

12 Siemens argues that the air-handling system’s mechanical issues also caused it delays in completing its job. (See
id.).

13 The parties agree that Siemens was not responsible for the start-up of the chillers. (See id. ¶ 68).

14 In fact, the chillers continued to operate with serious underlying issues after Siemens was terminated from the
Project and were not remedied until October 2018. (See id. ¶¶ 39, 41, 74).

15 The communication card was not Siemens’s responsibility and was not corrected until after Siemens was
terminated from the Project. (See id. ¶¶ 51-52).

16 Siemens states that its delayed access to the building’s computer server and network prevented Siemens from
completing the BAS front end system and programming. (See ECF 59 ¶¶ 58-59).
6. Contract Termination
On July 13, 2024, a construction meeting was held, including representatives from
Project Design, Siemens, Parkview Health, and the general contractor on the Project. (See ECF
59 ¶ 87). After reporting on the status of the Project at the meeting, Siemens was terminated. (See
id. ¶ 88). That same day Project Design wrote to Siemens, by letter, in relevant part:
As you are all well aware, after numerous notices to your company, and after
numerous subsequent assurances from Siemens, your company has utterly
failed on repeated occasions to remedy the problems that have plagued the
“HVAC systems” at the captioned facility . . . .

Consequently, I have been instructed by the Owner and General Contractor
to advise you that with the mailing/transmission of this notice, to Siemens,
any and all contracts Siemens (including any of its subsidiaries) has with
[Project Design] for the captioned project, are immediately terminated.

(ECF 47-22 at 2; see also ECF 59 ¶ 91 (citation omitted)).
Thereafter, Project Design replaced Siemens with another subcontractor, Innovative
Control Systems (“ICS”), to complete work that was originally Siemens’s responsibility. (See
ECF 59 ¶ 95 (citing ECF 47-6 at 199-200)). Project Design indicates that Siemens failed to
complete missing coding, which could have been written prior to the chillers becoming
operational. (See id. ¶ 101). Yet, Siemens disagrees, arguing that certain programming and
graphical work were incapable of completion, given underlying issues with the HVAC system.
(See id. ¶¶ 101-02). Project Design concedes, however, that certain underlying issues associated
with the Project prevented Siemens from conducting final testing and fine tuning. (See id. ¶ 104).
7. Damages
In total, Siemens billed Project Design $452,050 and collected $346,329.70 from Project
Design. (See id. ¶ 109; see also ECF 47-28 ¶ 69). In its counter-claims, Siemens seeks to recover
the $105,700.30 that it contends Project Design still owes it. (See ECF 59 ¶ 109; see also ECF
47-28 ¶ 69). Project Design, on the other hand, seeks to recover damages in the amount of
$365,669.91, plus prejudgment interest and attorney fees, on its claims. (See ECF 59 ¶ 112.a; see
also ECF 59-1 at 253).17 This represents the amount Project Design purportedly paid to complete
Siemens’s work on the Project after Siemens was terminated. (See ECF 59 ¶ 112; see also ECF
59-1 at 253).
B. Legal Standard: Contract Formation
Given the parties’ reliance on Indiana cases in their briefs, it appears they agree that their
contractual dispute is governed substantively by Indiana law. (See generally ECF 47-1, 58, 60).
Because the contract is predominantly one for services,18 the Uniform Commercial Code does

not apply here, and common law governs. See e.g., Bamcor LLC v. Jupiter Aluminum Corp., 767
F. Supp. 2d 959, 972 (N.D. Ind. Feb. 7, 2011) (“Whether the Uniform Commercial Code or
common law applies to resolve this dispute is determined by whether the transaction is primarily
one for goods or services.” (citations omitted)); see also Insul-Mark Midwest, Inc. v. Mod.
Materials, Inc., 612 N.E.2d 550, 554-56 (Ind. 1993) (using the “predominant thrust test” in
determining that the contract was predominately for services, as the predominant purpose for the
contract was for the rendition of services, with goods incidentally involved). Therefore, the Court
focuses on the legal standard for common law contracts in Indiana.
A valid contract requires “offer, acceptance, consideration, and a meeting of the minds of

the parties who are entering the contract.” Bassett v. Scott Pet Prods., Inc., 194 N.E.3d 1185,

17 However, Siemens contends that Project Design is seeking damages of “approximately $471,370 (that exceeds the
Project amount) in damages from Siemens, an amount that purportedly represents the amount paid to complete
Siemens’ work on the Project.” (ECF 59 ¶ 112).

18 The parties agree that their transaction involved “labor, materials and equipment required to furnish and install
temperature controls, control panels, software, programming and other control components for a building
automation and temperature control system . . . .” (ECF 59 ¶ 4; see id. ¶ 23 (Siemens was obligated to “provide and
build a system that managed many of the mechanical systems.”)).
1192 (Ind. Ct. App. 2022) (citation omitted).19 “To bring a contract into existence, an offer must
be extended and the offeree must accept it, the communication of acceptance being crucial.” Ind.
Bureau of Motor Vehicles v. Ash, Inc., 895 N.E.2d 359, 365 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008) (citation
omitted). “[T]he acceptance must meet and correspond with the offer in every respect, neither
falling within nor going beyond the terms proposed, but exactly meeting (those terms) at all
points and closing with them just as they stand.” Uniroyal, Inc. v. Chambers Gasket & Mfg. Co.,
380 N.E.2d 571, 575 (Ind. Ct. App. 1978) (citation omitted). This rule is commonly known as the

“mirror image rule.” See Martinez v. Belmonte, 765 N.E.2d 180, 183 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002)
(citation omitted).20
“Generally, the validity of a contract is not dependent upon the signature of the parties.”
Ind. Bureau of Motor Vehicles, 895 N.E.2d at 366 (citation omitted). “However, some form of
assent to the terms of the contract is necessary. Assent may be expressed by acts which manifest
acceptance.” Id. (citation omitted); see also Herald Tel. v. Fatouros, 431 N.E.2d 171, 174 (Ind.
Ct. App. 1982) (“An acceptance must be evidenced by some overt act and must be
communicated to the offeror . . . . The acceptance may be expressed by acts which manifest the
acceptance.” (citing Young v. Bryan, 368 N.E.2d 1 (Ind. App. 1977)).
The Supreme Court of Indiana has adopted the Second Restatement of Contracts as it

pertains to silence or inaction as a means of acceptance—confirming that silence, or inaction, is
the “exception rather than the rule” in Indiana. Land v. IU Credit Union, 218 N.E.3d 1282, 1290

19 “To constitute sufficient consideration to create a contract, a benefit must accrue to the promisor, or a detriment
must accrue to the promisee.” Id. (citation omitted). “A benefit is a legal right given to the promisor to which the
promisor would not otherwise be entitled.” DiMizio v. Romo, 756 N.E.2d 1018, 1023 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001) (citation
omitted).

20 “All that is required to render a contract enforceable is reasonable certainty in the terms and conditions of the
promises made, including by whom and to whom; absolute certainty in all terms is not required. Only essential
terms are necessary for a contract to be enforceable.” Jetz Serv. Co., Inc. v. Ventures, 165 N.E.3d 990, 994-95 (Ind.
Ct. App. 2021) (citations and quotation marks omitted).
(Ind. 2023); see Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 69(1) (1981). The Supreme Court of
Indiana opined that “the case for acceptance is strongest when the offeree's reliance is definite
and substantial or when the offeree's intent to accept is objectively manifested though not
communicated to the offeror.” Land, 218 N.E.3d at 1290 (citation and quotation marks omitted).
The first exception construes silence as acceptance “[w]here an offeree takes the benefit of
offered services with reasonable opportunity to reject them and reason to know that they were
offered with the expectation of compensation.” Id. (citing Restatement (Second) of Contracts §
69(1) (1981)).21 Secondly, if the offeror informs the offeree that the offer can be accepted

through silence or provides a “clear and timely mechanism for rejecting the offer[,]” acceptance
may be found. Mueller v. Karns, 873 N.E.2d 652, 658 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007). Lastly, previous
dealings between the parties, demonstrating the offeree is required to reject the offer through
explicit means, may indicate acceptance. See id.
Acceptance of an offer that “varies the terms of the offer is considered a rejection and
operates as a counter-offer . . . .” Uniroyal, Inc., 380 N.E.2d at 575. That is, one cannot accept in
part and reject in part, rather, the counter-offer acts as “an end to the negotiations in so far as the
original offer is concerned.” Kritz v. Moon, 163 N.E. 112, 117 (Ind. Ct. App. 1928). A conditional
acceptance of an offer is a counter-offer, both amending and superseding the initial offer, while

including the initial offer’s unamended terms. See Foltz v. Evans, 49 N.E.2d 358, 362 (Ind. App.
1943); see also Janky v. Batistatos, 559 F. Supp. 2d 923, 929 (N.D. Ind. 2008) (analyzing Indiana

21 One appellate court has articulated that under the first exception, the offeree’s silence might constitute acceptance
if, following the offeror’s offer, the offeree accepted the offeror’s services, and at the time of the offer, performance
on the part of the offeror was still incomplete. See cf. Mueller v. Karns, 873 N.E.2d 652, 658 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007)
(refusing the argument that the first exception was met, given the offeror had completed the performance of services,
and consequently, the offeree could not have rejected the services after the fact); see also Decker v. Star Fin. Grp.,
Inc., 204 N.E.3d 918, 925 (Ind. 2023) (Goff, J., concurring) (relying on Mueller’s interpretation of the first exception
under Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 69(1)(a) and stating that acceptance cannot be found where the “offeror
had performed all services by the time he sent the letter notifying him of terms”); DiMizio, 756 N.E.2d at 1022 (not
explicitly discussing silence but finding acceptance where the offeree manifested acceptance by changing
performance to comply with modified contract terms).
contract law, the district court stated, “an acceptance which varies from the offer is not an
acceptance at all, but instead is considered a counteroffer” (collecting cases)). A counter-offer
“may be accepted by the original offeror by performing without objection under the terms
contained in the counter-offer.” Uniroyal, Inc., 380 N.E.2d at 575. Thus, “an offer to [contract]
on certain conditions, accepted subject to new conditions which are in turn accepted by the
original offer[or] produces a contract[,] the terms of which consist of the original offer as
amended or changed by the counter-offer.” Foltz, 49 N.E.2d at 362.

Once a contract is formed, “any modification of a contract requires all of the requisite
elements of a contract.” Bassett, 194 N.E.3d at 1192 (citing AM Gen. LLC v. Armour, 46 N.E.3d
436, 443 (Ind. 2015)); see Zusy v. Int’l Med. Grp., Inc., 500 Supp. 2d 1087, 1093 (S.D. Ind. June
12, 2007) (“Because a subsequent modification is a contract in its own right, . . . it requires all
the requisite elements of a contract.” (citation omitted)). “Pursuant to common law contract
principles, a written agreement may be modified if there is consideration to support the
modification . . . . As a general matter, past consideration does not support a new obligation or
promise.” Bassett, 194 N.E.3d at 1192 (citations omitted). New consideration is found, for
example, where the parties add terms in the modified contract—conceding in aspects material to
the parties’ original agreement. See e.g., DiMizio, 756 N.E.2d at 1023 (finding a “bargained-for-

exchange” for new consideration).
C. Discussion: Contract Formation
Siemens asks in its motion for summary judgment that the Court bar or limit Project
Design’s claims pursuant to provisions in the Addendum, which Siemens contends controls. (See
ECF 47-1 at 20; see also ECF 47-14 at 5). Further, Siemens seeks summary judgment in its favor
on Project Design’s breach of contract claim. (See ECF 47-1 at 12-18). Lastly, Siemens seeks
summary judgment regarding its countersuit of breach of contract and account stated claims
against Project Design. (See id. at 21-22). The Court will discuss each of these arguments in turn.
1. Analysis: The Documents Comprising the Contract
Neither party disputes that a contract exists between them; however, the parties disagree
on the contract’s formation date and the documents that comprise the contract’s terms. (See ECF
59 ¶¶ 13-16). Therefore, the Court must first determine which documents govern the relationship
between the parties.

Siemens argues that the contract consists of the Purchase Order and Addendum, and that
the contract was formed on March 30, 2017, the date Siemens sent the signed Purchase Order
and Addendum to Project Design. (See ECF 47-2 ¶ 5). On the other hand, Project Design asserts
the contract consists of the Purchase Order and the Terms and Conditions, and that the contract
was formed as of February 13, 2017, the date of the Purchase Order. (See ECF 58 at 4-5).
As stated earlier, the parties’ communications of record relevant to contract formation
began in mid-February 2017. (ECF 59-1 at 12-18). On February 11, 2017, Project Design
emailed Siemens about Siemens’s bid and general submittal requirements, concluding: “Your
contract number is 1646-315 and it is being typed up now. Please get rolling on shop drawings
and call if you have any questions.” (Id. at 13). Between February 12 and 14, 2017, the parties

further discussed the scope of work. (See id. at 12, 14-18)
“The submission of bids is often described as a ‘preliminary negotiation.’” I.C.C.
Protective Coatings, Inc. v. A.E. Staley Mfg. Co., 695 N.E.2d 1030, 1035 (Ind. Ct. App. 1998)
(citation omitted). “Indeed, a quotation of prices is not an offer, for a mere quotation of price
leaves unexpressed many terms that are necessary to the making of a contract.” Id. (citation
omitted). “Consequently, bids are often used as a means to gather information from competitors
for the best price possible.” Id. (citation omitted). “While a price quotation or bid, if detailed
enough, can amount to an offer creating the power of acceptance, the submission of a purchase
order by a buyer in response usually constitutes an offer.” Id. (citing 17A Am. Jur. 2d, Contracts,
§ 46 at 76 (1991)).
On or about February 13, 2017, Project Design sent Siemens the unsigned Purchase
Order dated February 13, 2017. (ECF 47-14 at 4; see ECF 47-6 at 38; see also ECF 59 ¶ 4). The
Court considers the Purchase Order as Project Design’s offer made in response to Siemens’s bid
or proposal made in mid-February. See I.C.C. Protective Coatings, Inc., 695 N.E.2d at 1035

(clarifying the difference between a bid and an offer). The parties dispute whether the Purchase
Order included the Terms and Conditions on its reverse side. (See ECF 59 ¶¶ 15, 15.a, 15.e).
Siemens contends the Terms and Conditions were not included, but Project Design contends they
were, producing evidence that Project Design routinely included the Terms and Conditions on
the reverse side of its purchase orders during the relevant period. (See id. ¶¶ 15, 15.a, 15.e).
A reasonable jury could only side with Project Design about the Terms and Conditions
being included on the reverse side of the Purchase Order sent to Siemens. This is because the
Terms and Conditions contain fifteen numbered paragraphs, and the Addendum specifically
refers to the “Terms and Conditions”, modifying the language of paragraph 12 and adding two
new paragraphs numbered 16 and 17. (See ECF 47-14 at 5; see also ECF 47-24). As such, the

Addendum would make no sense absent the Terms and Conditions having been included with the
Purchase Order. Therefore, the Court concludes that Project Design’s offer was comprised of the
Purchase Order, inclusive of the Terms and Conditions (“the Offer”).
On March 30, 2017, approximately six weeks after receiving the Offer, Siemens emailed
the Purchase Order signed by two representatives of Siemens, supplemented with the Addendum,
to Project Design, apologizing for the delay in returning the contract. (ECF 47-14 at 2, 4-5). The
email stated: “Siemens has reviewed and accepted your subcontract for the [Project], subject to
the previously agreed addendum. [O]nce signed, please email me the fully executed document.”
(Id. at 2). There is no evidence of record, however, that Project Design “previously agreed” to the
Addendum before Siemens sent it on March 30, 2017. (Id.; see ECF 59 ¶ 6.a (stating that Project
Design’s owner never discussed the Addendum with anyone at Siemens); see also ECF 47-6 at
14; ECF 59-1 at 6). Included on the face of the Purchase Order was a text box, presumably added
by Siemens, stating: “Addendum 1 Attached hereto is incorporated herein and made a part hereof
by this reference.” (ECF 47-14 at 4 (capitalization omitted)). The single-page Addendum, dated

March 6, 2017, revised one paragraph of the Terms and Conditions and added two material new
terms in an effort to limit Siemens’s liability under the Purchase Order. (See id. at 5). There is no
dispute that Project Design never responded to the March 30, 2017, email and never signed and
returned the Addendum.
The parties draw differing legal conclusions from the facts of record. As Project Design
sees it, Siemens accepted the Offer through its silence and conduct prior to March 30, 2017, and
thus, the parties’ contract was formed by that date. (ECF 58 at 4-5). As such, Project Design
considers the Addendum a request to modify the parties’ contract. (Id. at 5). In support, Project
Design points to Siemens’s conduct from mid-February to March 30, 2017, emphasizing that
during this timeframe Siemens attended two meetings that, at least in part, were each geared

toward coordinating tasks associated with the Project, and submitted an RFI. (See ECF 59 ¶ 5.i-j,
l-n; see also ECF 58 at 4). Project Design further points to the language of the Addendum itself,
which states: “The parties agree that this Addendum modifies the Agreement between the parties
dated February 13, 2017[,] and is incorporated therein by this reference.” (ECF 47-14 at 5
(emphasis added); see ECF 58 at 4).
But neither party avers that the parties contemplated silence for a particular duration as
the operation of acceptance to the Purchase Order.22 See Restatement (Second) of Contracts §
69(1)(b). So, any argument that Siemens’s silence from February 13, 2017, to March 30, 2017,
counted as manifest acceptance of the Offer is tempered by the practical aspects of business
negotiations during a complex engineering transaction for a Project that could potentially take a
year, or longer, to complete. (See ECF 47-13 at 13 (setting forth a substantial completion date
between the general contractor and Project Design of April 1, 2018)). To find manifest

acceptance of the Offer by Siemens, the Court must observe that Siemens objectively intended to
accept the Offer, though not directly communicated to Siemens, prior to March 30, 2017. See
Land, 218 N.E.3d at 1290. But even if Siemens attended two Project meetings and submitted an
RFI, the record does not objectively demonstrate Siemens assented to the terms of the Offer
through its attendance or submission of an RFI. Indeed, with at least one kick-off meeting in
March 2017, Siemens was informed that its attendance was requested because the Project leader
informed Project Design to forward the meeting to “any second tier subcontractors that may be
involved . . . .” (ECF 59-1 at 19; see ECF 59 ¶ 5.i). Such permissive language does not indicate
agreement to the terms of the Offer.
“The ultimate goal of any contract interpretation is to determine the intent of the parties

at the time that they made the agreement.” Citimortgage, Inc. v. Barabas, 975 N.E.2d 805, 813
(Ind. 2012) (citation omitted). Although one sentence in the Addendum paints it as a contract
modification, this fact is outweighed by Siemens’s email, which attached the Addendum, that
clearly conveyed Siemen’s acceptance of the Offer as conditional on the Addendum. (See ECF

22 Even if Project Design did make such an argument, the Supreme Court of Indiana has confirmed that the “mere
fact that an offeror states that silence will constitute acceptance does not deprive the offeree of his privilege to
remain silent without accepting.” Land, 218 N.E.3d at 1290 (citation omitted). To find agreement in such a case, the
offeree's reliance must be “definite and substantial” or the offeree's “intent to accept is objectively manifested though
not communicated to the offeror.” Id. (emphasis added) (citation omitted).
47-14 at 2 (“Siemens has reviewed and accepted [the Offer], subject to the previously agreed
addendum.” (emphasis added))). As explained earlier, under Indiana common law a conditional
acceptance of an offer is a counter-offer, both amending and superseding the initial offer, while
including “all of the terms and conditions of the original offer not inconsistent with those of the
counter-offer . . . .” Foltz, 49 N.E.2d at 362; see Janky, 559 F. Supp. 2d at 929. Therefore, the
Court concludes as a matter of law that the Addendum, the Purchase Order, and the Terms and
Conditions constituted Siemens’s counter-offer to Project Design (“the Counter-Offer”). See

I.C.C. Protective Coatings, Inc., 695 N.E.2d at 1035 (“An acceptance which varies the terms of
the offer is considered a rejection and operates as a counteroffer, which may be then accepted by
the original offeror.” (citation omitted)); see also Martinez, 765 N.E.2d at 183.
As stated earlier, it is undisputed that Project Design never expressly rejected or accepted
the Counter-Offer. Rather, Project Design remained silent and performed its contractual
responsibilities through July 2018, paying Siemens $346,329.70 for services rendered. (ECF 59 ¶
109). That is, Project Design neither contested the Addendum nor sought clarity regarding its
previous Offer. Once Siemens sent the Counter-Offer, Project Design was required to either
reject or accept it. See e.g., Bamcor LLC, 767 F. Supp. 2d at 973 (“By performing after receiving
Jupiter's purchase order, Bamcor accepted the terms of Jupiter's purchase order, which included a

paragraph declaring void all inconsistent and additional terms Bamcor previously proposed.”).
Project Design performed on the contract without complaint to the Addendum, and thus, Project
Design’s performance from March 2017 to July 2018 qualified as acceptance of the Counter-
Offer. See id; see also DiMizio, 756 N.E.2d at 1022 (finding manifest acceptance through a
party’s performance).
Consequently, the Court concludes as a matter of law that the parties’ contract consists of
the Addendum, the Purchase Order, and the Terms and Conditions. See Foltz, 49 N.E.2d at 362.
Accordingly, the Court will GRANT Siemens’s motion for summary judgment to the extent it
asks that Project Design’s claims be subject to the Addendum. (See ECF 47-14 at 5). Having said
that, the Court concludes that the record is insufficiently briefed as to the Addendum’s effect on
Project Design’s claims, as the parties’ arguments primarily focused on which documents
comprise their contractual relationship. (See ECF 47-1 at 20-21; ECF 58). Now that the Court
has made that determination, the Court will grant Siemens leave to file a second motion for
summary judgment focused on the extent to which the governing contract—that is, the

Addendum, Purchase Order, and the Terms and Conditions—preclude or limit Project Design’s
claims and damages in this case.
D. Legal Standard: Breach of Contract and Substantial Performance
The entry of summary judgment can be granted in a contract dispute where breach of a
contract is material. See Five Star Roofing Sys., Inc. v. Armored Guard Window & Door Grp.,
Inc.,191 N.E.3d 224, 237 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007) (“[A]n injured party is not discharged from his or
her duty to perform unless (1) the breach is material,23 and (2) it is too late for performance or an

23 Indiana follows the Restatement (Second) of Contracts in determining whether a failure to perform amounts to
material breach. See Frazier v. Mellowitz, 804 N.E.2d 796, 802 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004); see also Dick ex rel. Amended
Hilbert Residence Maint. Tr. v. Conseco, Inc., 458 F.3d 573, 578 (7th Cir. 2006) (quoting Frazier, 804 N.E.2d at
802). Those factors are as follows:

(a) the extent to which the injured party will be deprived of the benefit which he reasonably
expected;

(b) the extent to which the injured party can be adequately compensated for the part of that
benefit of which he will be deprived;

(c) the extent to which the party failing to perform or to offer to perform will suffer
forfeiture;

(d) the likelihood that the party failing to perform or to offer to perform will cure his failure,
taking account of all the circumstances including any reasonable assurances;

(e) the extent to which the behavior of the party failing to perform or to offer to perform
comports with standards of good faith and fair dealing.

Frazier, 804 N.E.2d at 803 (quoting Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 241 (1981)).
offer to perform to occur.” (citation omitted)). “The essential elements of a breach of contract
action are the existence of a contract, the defendant's breach thereof, and damages.” Fowler v.
Campbell, 612 N.E.2d 596, 600 (Ind. Ct. App. 1993) (citation omitted); see Alexander v.
Linkmeyer Dev. II, LLC, 119 N.E.3d 603, 612 (Ind. Ct. App. 2019). “Whether a breach is
material is generally a question of fact to be decided by the trier of fact.” State v. Int'l Bus.
Machs. Corp., 51 N.E.3d 150, 158 (Ind. 2016) (citation omitted). “A material breach is often
described as one that goes to the ‘heart of the contract.’” Id. at 158-59 (citation omitted).

Notably, in Indiana a material breach can be cured even if there is a “failure to perform”
obligations, under a contract, by the breaching party. Frazier, 804 N.E.2d at 802-03 (following
the Restatement (Second) of Contracts). “[A] material failure to perform operates as the
nonoccurrence of a condition which has two possible effects: (1) preventing the activation of the
duty [to perform], at least temporarily, and (2) discharging the duty when the condition can no
longer occur.” Id. at 803.
The nonoccurrence of a condition does not immediately discharge the duty
[to perform] since there may still be time during which the condition can
occur. Even though there has been a failure to perform (or failure to make an
offer to perform) at the appointed time, the breaching party may perform or
offer to perform shortly thereafter which has the effect of “curing” the breach
to the extent that the breach is no longer material . . . .
The . . . structure in the Restatement (Second) apparently requires a
determination of materiality of failure to perform exclusive of any question
of delay in performance. If the determination of materiality is made as to a
particular failure to perform, the effect is to suspend the duty of the injured
party (assuming there is time remaining for a possible cure). If the time for
cure expires . . . , the uncured material failure to perform or offer to perform
has the effect of discharging the duty of the injured party.
Id. (italics omitted). The determination as to the amount of time a breaching party has in curing a
material failure to perform, before the non-breaching party’s duty to perform is discharged, falls
under Section 242 of the Restatement (Second) of Contracts. See id. at 804.24 If there is some

24 The factors are as follows:
amount of time between suspension of performance by the injured party, and discharge, the
breaching party can use that time to cure the breach. See id. “Even then, since any breach gives
rise to a claim, a party who has cured a material breach has still committed a breach, by his
delay, for which he is liable in damages.” Id. (citation omitted).
“Contract law has long recognized substantial performance rather than strict performance
as being sufficient in many situations.” ShermansTravel Media, LLC v. Gen3Ventures, LLC, 152
N.E.3d 616, 624 (Ind. Ct. App. 2020) (citation omitted); see Johnson v. Taylor Bldg. Corp., 371

N.E.2d 404, 406 (Ind. Ct. App. 1978) (applying the substantial performance doctrine to a
construction contract). Substantial performance “applies where performance of a nonessential
condition is lacking, so that the benefits received by a party are far greater than the injury done to
him by the breach of the other party.” ShermansTravel Media, LLC, 152 N.E.3d at 624 (quoting
Dove v. Rose Acre Farms, Inc., 434 N.E.2d 931, 933 (Ind. Ct. App. 1982)). “[W]hether a party
has committed a material breach is a question of fact . . . .” Id. at 626 (citation omitted). “No
mathematical rule relating to the percentage of the price, of cost of completion, or of
completeness can be laid down to determine substantial performance of a building contract.”
Johnson, 371 N.E.2d at 406 (citation omitted) (holding that a contractor's failure to secure a
septic permit before construction did not bar his recovery under a mechanic's lien where the

contractor substantially fulfilled all requirements of the contract except for the final act of

(a) those stated in § 241;

(b) the extent to which it reasonably appears to the injured party that delay may prevent or
hinder him in making reasonable substitute arrangements;

(c) the extent to which the agreement provides for performance without delay, but a
material failure to perform or to offer to perform on a stated day does not itself discharge
the other party's remaining duties unless the circumstances, including the language of
the agreement, indicate that performance or an offer to perform by that day is important.

Id. at 804 (quoting Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 242 (1981)).
installing the septic system). Yet, “[t]he considerations in determining whether performance is
substantial are those listed in [Restatement (Second) of Contracts] § 241 for determining whether
a failure is material.” ShermansTravel Media, 152 N.E.3d at 627 (first alteration in original)
(citation omitted).
When the party claiming breach has prevented the other party from properly performing,
Indiana courts will decline to find that the non-claimant has breached the contract. See Rogier v.
Am. Testing & Eng'g Corp., 734 N.E.2d 606, 620 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000). “[T]he common law of

contracts excuses performance of one party where the other party wrongfully prevents that
performance.” Id. (citations omitted). This is because a party cannot “rely on the failure of a
condition precedent to excuse performance where that party's own action or inaction caused the
failure.” Id. at 621. “When a party retains control over when the condition will be fulfilled, it has
an implied obligation to make a reasonable and good faith effort to satisfy the condition.” Id.
(citation omitted).
E. Discussion: Project Design’s Breach of Contract Claim
Siemens’s motion for summary judgment asks the Court to dismiss Project Design’s
breach of contract claim. (ECF 47-1 at 22). Yet, the Court cannot dismiss that claim based on the
record set forth in this case. There are several material disputes as to facts involving the parties’

contract that a factfinder must assess—not this Court. See Payne, 337 F.3d at 770; see also Fed
R. Civ. P. 56(c).
1. Programming Logic and Graphical Package
The parties agree that Siemens was expected to write programming logic so that the BAS
would direct the various components of the HVAC system to act to the Project’s specifications.
(See ECF 58 at 10; see also ECF 59 ¶¶ 21-23). The parties disagree, however, as to whether
Siemens completed all possible logic. (See ECF 58 at 10; see also ECF 59 ¶ 101). Siemens
contends that certain missing logic was incapable of completion without the chiller’s
operability,25 while Project Design argues that the chiller was not a bottleneck to Siemens’s
completion of logic programming. (See ECF 59 ¶ 101). Similarly, the parties also dispute
whether Siemens finished all graphical work capable of completion. (See ECF 59 ¶ 59; see also
ECF 58 at 11; ECF 60 at 12).26 Both parties have offered evidence creating a genuine dispute of
material facts. Accordingly, whether the chillers prevented Siemens from completing certain
logical and graphical programming, are questions of fact to be decided by a fact-finder. See

Payne, 337 F.3d at 770; see also Five Star Roofing Sys., Inc., 191 N.E.3d at 237.
2. Terminal Air Boxes and Exhaust Fans
Siemens does not dispute Project Design’s assertion that Siemens was charged with
integrating all of the components of the HVAC system into the BAS—including both major
components like boilers and chillers, and also hundreds of smaller components that are deployed
around the hospital, like terminal air boxes (sometimes called TABs or VAVs). (See ECF 58 at
11; see also ECF 59 ¶ 31; ECF 60 at 12). There is a contention as to whether the TABs were
correctly programmed in accordance with the parties’ agreement.27 Siemens rebuts that “[e]ven if
the VAVs or TABs were incomplete in the manner alleged by [Project Design], such work would

25 Siemens propounds that programming and graphical work could not be completed because testing and, or,
feedback, was required to ensure that that the systems responded predictably. (ECF 59 ¶ 102).

26 Project Design states that “Siemens was also responsible for creating a graphics package.” (ECF 58 at 11; see also
59 ¶ 55.a). “The graphics are supposed to provide a digital representation of all aspects of the HVAC systems, so
that the end-user can monitor every part of the system.” (ECF 58 at 11; see ECF 59 ¶¶ 63.b, 63.i). Project Design
continues, stating “[m]any of the graphics that were created were incomplete, and many devices and components
that should have been on the graphics simply weren’t there.” (ECF 58 at 11; see ECF 59 ¶¶ 63.z, 63.pp, 63.qq,
63.uuu, 63.vvv).

27 Project Design contends that approximately 200 TABs located throughout the building required reprogramming
because Siemens incorrectly programmed the TABs to reset once a day. (See ECF 58 at 11). According to Project
Design, Siemens’s programming caused the airflow in the hospital to shut off, “which would then cause a room to
go from a state of positive air pressure to negative, which in a space like an operating room can allow contaminants
to enter.” (Id.; see ECF 59 ¶ 37). Project Design also asserts that the Project’s commissioning agent noted other
problems with the TABs, including a “failure to maintain an appropriately tight temperature range and instances
where a hot water valve should be open but wasn’t.” (ECF 58 at 11; see ECF 59 ¶ 63.www).
have only taken a matter of hours or days to complete.” (ECF 60 at 12; see ECF 59 ¶ 100; ECF
47-7 at 26-27). Relatedly, Project Design also argues that Siemens’s work was deficient as its
programming caused dampers and exhaust fans to open—or fail to open—when the
programming should have done otherwise. (See ECF 58 at 10; see also ECF 59 ¶ 63.www).
Further, there were “items missing from the graphics, uninstalled tubes in an air flow measuring
station, and graphics showing a hot water valve as being closed when it was actually open.”
(ECF 58 at 10; see ECF 59 ¶ 63.pp). Siemens responds with evidence that graphics and logic

were substantially complete by the time Siemens was terminated. (See ECF 60 at 12; see also
ECF 59 ¶¶ 63, 92, 97; ECF 47-6 at 101-02).28 However, a fact-finder must determine whether
these alleged non-conformities occurred, and—assuming arguendo Siemens did breach—
whether Siemens’s breach was material to the contract. See Payne, 337 F.3d at 770; see also Five
Star Roofing Sys., Inc., 191 N.E.3d at 237. Consequently, Siemens’s motion for summary
judgment to dismiss Project Design’s breach of contract claim will be denied.
In accordance with Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 241, a fact-finder could
determine that Siemens’s performance as it pertains to its programming logic, the graphical
package, and other specifications was materially inadequate, depriving Project Design of the
benefit to which it was reasonably expected. See Frazier, 804 N.E.2d at 803; see also

Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 241(a) (discussing the extent to which an injured party will
be deprived of the benefit which it reasonably expected). If Siemens’s performance was
materially inadequate, Project Design might have been justified in withholding $105,700.30.
(See ECF 59 ¶ 109; see also ECF 47-28 ¶ 69). Further, Project Design attests that because of
Siemens’s purported lack of performance, Project Design was required to hire a new

28 Siemens avers that certain “fine-tuning” of the graphics and the logic could not be completed as the HVAC system
did not function appropriately at the time of Siemens’s termination. (ECF 60 at 12; see ECF 59 ¶¶ 84-86, 104).
subcontractor—causing additional costs. (See ECF 59 ¶¶ 95, 112; see also ECF 59-1 at 253). A
fact-finder could determine that Siemens’s performance on the Project was a material breach and
that Project Design can be adequately compensated in damages for the additional costs it
absorbed in terminating Siemens and hiring ICS. See Frazier, 804 N.E.2d at 803; see also
Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 241(b) (discussing the extent to which the injured party can
be adequately compensated).29 Because a fact-finder must assess the facts to determine whether
Siemens did breach, whether the breach was material, and whether Siemens was given time to

cure such breach, summary judgment is inappropriate as to Project Design’s breach of contract
claim.
F. Discussion: Siemens’s Breach of Contract Counter-Claim
Siemens’s motion for summary judgment also asks the Court to find in Siemens’s favor
on its counter-claim for breach of contract, asserting that it substantially performed on the
contract and that any non-performance on behalf of Siemens was due to Project Design’s breach
of contract. (See ECF 47-1 at 12-22). However, the Court will deny Siemens’s motion for
summary judgment regarding its breach of contract counter-claim for the same reasons that the
Court will deny Siemens’s motion for summary judgment to dismiss Project Design’s breach of
contract claim. There are several disputes as to material facts involving the parties’ contract that

a factfinder must assess—not this Court. See Payne, 337 F.3d at 770; see also Fed R. Civ. P.
56(c).
Siemens avers that it completed 98-99% of the contractual scope of work and that Project
Design prevented the remaining performance by wrongfully terminating Siemens. (See ECF 47-1
at 12-13). According to Siemens, it was unreasonable for Project Design to expect Siemens to

29 Even if a fact-finder determines Siemens was not given time to cure a material breach, Siemens could still be
liable for any injury its delay caused. See Frazier, 804 N.E.2d at 804.
build a BAS for the HVAC system, given the malfunction of certain mechanical systems outside
of Siemens’s control. (See id. at 13; see also ECF 59 ¶¶ 32-33, 65).30 Nevertheless, if there are
material issues of fact as to whether Siemens substantially performed under the contract, the
Court cannot grant summary judgment on Siemens’s counter-claim for breach of contract. See
ShermansTravel Media, LLC, 152 N.E.3d at 626. Project Design rebuts Siemens’s claim of
substantial performance, contending that certain programming logic and a graphics package were
insufficiently created by Siemens. (See ECF 58 at 11; see also ECF 59 ¶¶ 59, 63.z, 63.mm-63.qq,

63.ss, 63.yy, 63.bbb-63.ggg, 63.uuu-63.www). Project Design also contends that certain terminal
air boxes and exhaust fans were incorrectly programmed. (See ECF 47-1 at 11-12; ECF 59 ¶¶
63.z, 63.aa, 63.vvv, 63.www).
In response, Siemens argues that any alleged insufficiencies are either false or could have
been cured by Siemens if given the opportunity. (See ECF 60 at 11-13; see e.g., ECF 59 ¶ 44;
ECF 60-1 ¶¶ 34, 36-38, 41, 46). Given the factual conflict between the parties over
circumstances that are arguably material to the parties’ contract, a fact-finder must determine
whether Siemens substantially performed on the contract to determine the outcome of Siemens’s
counter-claim for breach of contract. See ShermansTravel Media, 152 N.E.3d at 627;
Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 241; see also Payne, 337 F.3d at 770; Fed R. Civ. P. 56(c).

Therefore, Siemens’s motion for summary judgment on its breach of contract counter-claim will
be denied.
G. Discussion: Siemens’s Account Stated Counter-Claim
Siemens’s final request in its motion for summary judgment is that the Court grant its
account stated counter-claim. “An account stated is an agreement between the parties that all

30 These systems include the chiller system, air-handler system, and boilers. (See ECF 47-1 at 14). The parties agree
that the chillers malfunctioned past the time Siemens was terminated. (See ECF 59 ¶ 66).
items of an account and balance are correct, together with a promise, express or implied, to pay
the balance.” Jackson v. Trancik, 953 N.E.2d 1087, 1091 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011) (citation omitted).
“An account stated ‘operates as a new contract without the need for renewed consideration, and
the [movant] does not need to plead and prove the creation and performance of each contract
underlying the account.’” Id. (citation omitted). “An agreement that the balance is correct may be
inferred from delivery of the statement together with the account debtor's failure to object to the
amount of the statement within a reasonable time.” Id. (citation omitted). “When a debtor fails to

object to an account until after a lawsuit is filed, such will generally be considered a failure to
object within a reasonable time and will support an inference of the debtor's implied agreement
that the account balance is correct.” Id. (citation omitted). “Although the amount indicated on a
statement is not conclusive, it is prima facie proof of the amount owed on the account.” Id.
(citation omitted). “Once a prima facie case is established on an account, the burden shifts to the
account debtor to prove that the claimed amount is incorrect.” Id. at 1091-92. (citation omitted).
In this case, the Court cannot grant Siemens’s motion for summary judgment on its
account stated counter-claim.31 Siemens contends that it performed to reasonable satisfaction
under the contract and sent Project Design a payment application for the release of retention,
totaling $452,050, with a net balance of $105,700.30. (See ECF 47-1 at 22; see also ECF 47-28 ¶

69; ECF 59 ¶ 109). To find in favor of Siemens, the Court must first find that the parties agreed
on the balance. See Jackson, 953 N.E.2d at 1091. Yet, there are factual disputes between the
parties regarding what is owed, precluding summary judgment. See id. at 1094 (denying
summary judgment on an account stated claim because there was a genuine issue of material fact
regarding the amount owed).

31 The Court interprets Siemens’s account stated counter-claim as an action in the alternative of its breach of contract
counter-claim.
First, Project Design initiated this action, claiming that Siemens owes Project Design.32
(See ECF 3-2). According to Indiana law, this response to Siemens’s payment application counts
as a timely objection. See Jackson, 953 N.E.2d at 1091. Second, Project Design informed
Siemens that it was terminated due to its failure to perform to Project Design’s expectations and
paid Siemens $346,329.70. (See ECF 59 ¶¶ 91, 109). Project Design’s termination notification
and decision to pay less than Siemens’s requested amount could also be reasonably understood as
a timely objection to the amount of the statement. Given there are issues of fact pertaining to the

amount owed to Siemens, the Court will deny Siemens’s motion for summary judgment on its
account stated counter-claim. Accordingly, a trier of fact must make the determination as to
whether the parties agreed on the balance of $105,700.30.
H. Conclusion
For the reasons given herein, Siemens’s motion for summary judgment (ECF 47) is
GRANTED IN PART and DENIED IN PART as set forth herein. Siemens is granted to and
including April 8, 2025, to file a second summary judgment motion, not to exceed 14 pages, as
to the effect of the parties’ governing contract—that is, the Addendum, Purchase Order, and
Terms and Conditions—on Project Design’s claims. No separate supporting memorandum or
statement of material facts is requested. Project Design is afforded to and including April 22,
2025, to file a response brief, not to exceed 14 pages, and Siemens is afforded to and including

April 29, 2025, to file a reply brief, not to exceed 7 pages.
SO ORDERED. Entered this 25th day of March 2025.
/s/ Susan Collins
Susan Collins
United States Magistrate Judge

32 This fact obviates an inference that the parties agreed on the amount owed to Siemens. See Jackson, 953 N.E.2d at
1091.

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10830403. Public record. Not legal advice.