# Mims v. Commissioner of Social Security

> District Court, N.D. Texas · November 8, 2024

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10738825

## Case

- **Court:** District Court, N.D. Texas
- **Decided:** November 8, 2024
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

## Citator (automated)

- No negative treatment found by the automated citator. That is not the same as a confirmation that the case is good law; read the citing cases.
- Full citator and citing cases: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10738825

## How later opinions describe it (automated extraction)

- noting that a hypothetical question posed to the vocational expert by the ALJ must “incorporate reasonably all disabilities of the claimant recognized by the ALJ”

## Opinion text

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
LUBBOCK DIVISION

LINDA M., §
Plaintiff, §
§
v. § No. 5:23-CV-293-BW
§
COMMISSIONER OF THE SOCIAL §
SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, §
Defendant. §
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
Plaintiff Linda M. (“Plaintiff”) brings this action pursuant to the Social
Security Act (the “Act”), seeking review of the final decision of the Commissioner of
Social Security (the “Commissioner”), that denied her application for Disability
Insurance Benefits (“DIB”) under Title II of the Act. (See Dkt. No. 1.) The Court
has jurisdiction over this action under 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g) and 1383(c), and the
undersigned proceeds with the parties’ consent in accordance with 28 U.S.C.
§ 636(b) and Special Order Nos. 3-350 and 3-354. (See Dkt. No. 17.)
Plaintiff filed a brief on appeal (Dkt. No. 14) (“Pltf. Br.”), to which the
Commissioner filed a brief in response (Dkt. No. 15 (“Def. Br.”), and Plaintiff filed a
brief in reply (Dkt. No. 16) (“Reply”). After considering the pleadings, briefs, and
administrative record, the Court concludes that the Commissioner's decision is
AFFIRMED.
I. BACKGROUND
On July 22, 2021, Plaintiff protectively filed a claim for DIB, alleging

disability beginning November 11, 2020, due to a variety of physical impairments,
including (among others) carpal tunnel syndrome, herniated discs, diabetes, and high
blood pressure. (See Transcript (“Tr.”) 38, 311-12, 348.) The claim was denied
initially on January 7, 2021, and again upon reconsideration on August 8, 2022, after
which Plaintiff timely requested an administrative hearing. (Tr. 38.).

On April 4, 2023, Administrative Law Judge Kevin Batik (“the ALJ”) held an
online video hearing,1 at which Plaintiff appeared and testified. (Tr. 38.) Plaintiff
was represented at the hearing by Melinda Ann Bonner, an attorney. Id. Molly
Kelly, an impartial vocational expert, appeared and testified telephonically. Id. The
ALJ issued an unfavorable decision on May 24, 2023, finding Plaintiff not disabled.

(Tr. 38-49.) On October 17, 2023, the Appeals Council denied Plaintiff’s request for
further review. (Tr. 1-6.) The ALJ’s May 24, 2023, decision thus became the “final
decision” of the Commissioner subject to judicial review under 42 U.S.C. § 405(g).
II. LEGAL STANDARDS
A. District Court Review
Judicial review of the Commissioner's denial of benefits is limited to whether

the Commissioner’s position is supported by substantial evidence and whether the
Commissioner applied the proper legal standards in evaluating the evidence. See 42

1 Due to the extraordinary circumstance presented by the Coronavirus Disease 2019
(“COVID-19”) Pandemic, Plaintiff agreed to appear by online video. (Tr. 38.)
U.S.C. § 405(g); Copeland v. Colvin, 771 F.3d 920, 923 (5th Cir. 2014); Ripley v. Chater,
67 F.3d 552, 555 (5th Cir. 1995). Substantial evidence is “more than a mere scintilla.
It means such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to

support a conclusion.” Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971); accord
Copeland, 771 F.3d at 923. To determine whether substantial evidence of disability
exists, four elements of proof must be weighted: (1) objective medical facts; (2)
diagnoses and opinions of treating and examining physicians; (3) claimant’s

subjective evidence of pain and disability; and (4) claimant’s age, education, and
work history. See Wren v. Sullivan, 925 F.2d 123, 126 (5th Cir. 1991) (citing DePaepe
v. Richardson, 464 F.2d 92, 94 (5th Cir.1972)).
The Commissioner, rather than the courts, must resolve conflicts in the
evidence, including weighing conflicting testimony and determining witnesses’

credibility, and the Court does not try the issues de novo. See Martinez v. Chater, 64
F.3d 172, 174 (5th Cir. 1995); Greenspan v. Shalala, 38 F.3d 232, 237 (5th Cir. 1994).
Thus, the court may not reweigh the evidence or substitute its judgment for the
Commissioner’s but must scrutinize the entire record to ascertain whether substantial
evidence supports the hearing decision. See Copeland, 771 F.3d at 923; Hollis v.

Bowen, 837 F.2d 1378, 1383 (5th Cir. 1988). The Court “may affirm only on the
grounds that the Commissioner stated for [the] decision.” Copeland, 771 F.3d at 923.
“Absent an error that affects the substantial rights of a party, administrative
proceedings do not require ‘procedural perfection.’” Wilder v. Colvin, No. 13-CV-
3014-P, 2014 WL 2931884, at *5 (N.D. Tex. June 30, 2014) (quoting Taylor v. Astrue,
706 F.3d 600, 603 (5th Cir. 2012)). “The ALJ is not required to discuss every piece
of evidence in the record nor must the ALJ follow formalistic rules of articulation.”

Hunt v. Astrue, No. 4:12-CV-244-Y, 2013 WL 2392880, at *7 (N.D. Tex. June 3,
2013) (citing Castillo v. Barnhart, 151 F. App’x 334, 335 (5th Cir. 2005)). “Procedural
errors affect the substantial rights of a claimant only when they ‘cast into doubt the
existence of substantial evidence to support the ALJ’s decision.’” Wilder, 2014 WL

2931884, at *5 (quoting Morris v. Bowen, 864 F.2d 333, 335 (5th Cir. 1988)).
“Remand is required only when there is a realistic possibility that the ALJ would
have reached a different conclusion absent the procedural error.” Id. (citing January
v. Astrue, 400 F. App’x 929, 933 (5th Cir. 2010)).
B. The Sequential Evaluation Process
“In order to qualify for disability insurance benefits or [supplemental security

income], a claimant must suffer from a disability.” Copeland. 771 F.3d at 923 (citing
42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A)). The Act defines “disability” as the inability to engage in
substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or
mental impairment that can be expected to result in death or last for a continued
period of 12 months. See id. § 423(d)(1)(A); see also Copeland, 771 F.3d at 923; Cook v.

Heckler, 750 F.2d 391, 393 (5th Cir. 1985).
An ALJ must follow a five-step sequential evaluation to determine whether a
claimant is disabled within the meaning of the Act. See Wren, 925 F.2d at 125
(summarizing 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(b)-(f)). On the first four steps of the analysis, the
claimant has the initial burden of proving that he is disabled. Bowen v. Yuckert, 482
U.S. 137, 146 n.5 (1987). The burden shifts to the Commissioner on the fifth step to
show that the claimant is capable of performing work in the national economy and is

therefore not disabled. Id. “A finding that a claimant is disabled or is not disabled at
any point in the five-step review is conclusive and terminates the analysis.” Lovelace
v. Bowen, 813 F.2d 55, 58 (5th Cir.1987).
At step one, the ALJ must determine whether the claimant is engaged in

substantial gainful work activity. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(b). If so, the claimant is
not disabled. If the claimant is not engaged in substantial gainful work activity, the
ALJ proceeds to step two and determines whether the claimant has an impairment,
or combination of impairments, that is “severe” within the meaning of the Act,
meaning that it imposes significant restrictions on the claimant’s ability to perform

basic work activities. Id. § 404.1520(c). If the claimant does not have a severe
impairment or combination of impairments, the analysis concludes with a finding of
“not disabled.” If the claimant does, the ALJ continues to step three.
At step three, the ALJ examines whether a claimant’s impairment meets or
medically equals the criteria of a listed impairment in Appendix 1 of Subpart P of

Regulation No. 4 (the “Listings”). Id. § 404.1520(d). If the impairment meets or
medically equals the criteria of a Listing and meets the durational requirement, the
claimant is disabled. Id. § 404.1509. If not, the ALJ determines the claimant’s
residual functional capacity (“RFC”), which is the ability to perform physical or
mental work activities on a sustained basis notwithstanding limitations for the
collective impairments. See id. § 404.1520(e)-(f).
The ALJ then proceeds to step four and determines whether the claimant’s

RFC permits him or her to perform the requirements of his or her past relevant work.
20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(f). If the claimant can perform such requirements, then he or
she is not disabled. Id. If an individual's impairment precludes him or her from
performing past work, the analysis proceeds to the fifth and final step, wherein the
burden shifts to the Commissioner to show that there is other gainful employment

available in the national economy that the claimant is capable of performing.
Greenspan, 38 F.3d at 236. This burden may be satisfied either by reference to the
Medical-Vocational Guidelines of the regulations or by expert vocational testimony
or other similar evidence. Fraga v. Bowen, 810 F.2d 1296, 1304 (5th Cir. 1987).

III. ALJ’s FINDINGS
The ALJ analyzed Plaintiff's claim for benefits under the process described
above and made the following findings in his May 24, 2023 decision:
1. The claimant meets the insured status requirements of the Social Security
Act through June 30, 2025.
2. The claimant has not engaged in substantial gainful activity since
November 11, 2020, the alleged onset date (20 CFR 404.1571 et seq.).
3. The claimant has the following severe impairments: cervical and lumbar
spine degenerative disc disease; diabetes mellitus; diabetic retinopathy;
hypertension; obesity; bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome status-post right
and left carpal tunnel release; bilateral trigger finger syndrome status-post
right trigger finger release (20 CFR 404.1520(c)).
4. The claimant does not have an impairment or combination of impairments
that meets or medically equals the severity of one of the listed impairments
in 20 CFR Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1 (20 CFR 404.1520(d),
404.1525, and 404.1526).
5. The claimant has the residual functional capacity to perform light work as
defined in 20 CFR 404.1567(b)2 except she can occasionally climb ramps
or stairs, balance, stoop, kneel, and crouch; never crawl and never climb
ladders, ropes, or scaffolds; and frequently reach, handle, finger, and feel
with the bilateral upper extremities.
6. The claimant can perform her past relevant work as a photo finishing
operator. This work does not require the performance of work-related
activities precluded by the claimant’s residual functional capacity (20 CFR
404.1565).
7. The claimant has not been under a disability, as defined in the Social
Security Act, from November 11, 2020, through the date of this decision
(20 CFR 404.1520(f)).
(Tr. 38-49.)
Accordingly, the ALJ determined that, for the application for a period of
disability and disability insurance benefits, protectively filed on July 22, 2021, the
claimant is not disabled under sections 216(i) and 223(d) of the Act. (Tr. 49.)
IV. ANALYSIS
Plaintiff asserts two points of error. Plaintiff first argues that the ALJ’s RFC
determination was “patently unreasonable and thus not supported by substantial

2 “Light work involves lifting no more than 20 pounds at a time with frequent lifting
or carrying of objects weighing up to 10 pounds. Even though the weight lifted may be very
little, a job is in this category when it requires a good deal of walking or standing, or when it
involves sitting most of the time with some pushing and pulling of arm or leg controls. To
be considered capable of performing a full or wide range of light work, [the claimant] must
have the ability to do substantially all of these activities. If someone can do light work, [the
SSA] determine[s] that he or she can also do sedentary work, unless there are additional
limiting factors such as loss of fine dexterity or inability to sit for long periods of time.” 20
C.F.R. § 404.1567(b).
evidence.” (See Pltf. Br. at 3, 5-13.) Plaintiff contends that her “self-described
limitations are disabling, or, at the very least, that they describe far greater and more
detailed limitations than the ALJ’s RFC,” particularly with respect to visual

limitations. (See id. at 9-13.) Plaintiff’s second point of error argues that “the ALJ’s
RFC fails to account for the ‘total limiting effects’ of her impairments pursuant to
§§ 404.1520c and 404.1529.” (See id. at 3, 13-21.) Specifically, Plaintiff argues that
the ALJ did not properly evaluate two opinions from treating chiropractor Spencer

McCombs, DPT, opinions which, according to Plaintiff, “establish greater
limitations than the RFC.” (See id.)
The Commissioner argues in response that the ALJ’s RFC finding was
supported by substantial evidence, and Plaintiff’s challenge to the RFC finding is
predicated on her subjective statements, which the ALJ considered and found

unsupported by objective medical evidence. (See Def. Resp. at 3-6.) Further, argues
the Commissioner, the ALJ’s analysis reflects that he thoroughly considered the
evidence regarding Plaintiff’s diabetic retinopathy, including the opinions and
examination findings regarding Plaintiff’s vision, and the objective evidence shows
that the ALJ did not err by not including any visual limitations in the RFC. (See id.)

For the reasons discussed below, the undersigned agrees with the Commissioner.
A. The ALJ properly considered Plaintiff’s diabetic retinopathy, and his RFC
finding was supported by substantial evidence.
RFC is what an individual can still do despite her limitations. Social Security
Regulation (“SSR”) 96-8p, 1996 WL 374184, at *2 (S.S.A. July 2, 1996). It reflects
the individual's maximum remaining ability to do sustained work activity in an
ordinary work setting on a regular and continuing basis. Id.; see Myers v. Apfel, 238
F.3d 617, 620 (5th Cir. 2001). A regular and continuing basis is an eight-hour day,

five days a week, or an equivalent schedule. SSR 96-8p, 1996 WL 374184, at *2.
RFC is not the least an individual can do but the most. Id. The RFC is a function-
by-function assessment, with both exertional and nonexertional factors to be
considered, and it is based upon all of the relevant evidence in the case record. Id. at

3-6. The ALJ has the sole responsibility for evaluating a claimant’s RFC based on
the record. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1546(c); see also Villa v. Sullivan, 895 F.2d 1019, 1023
(5th Cir. 1990). The ALJ must discuss the claimant's ability to perform sustained
work activity on a regular and continuing basis and resolve any inconsistencies in the
evidence. SSR 96-8p, 1996 WL 374184, at *7.

In making the RFC assessment, the ALJ must consider all symptoms,
including pain, and the extent to which these symptoms can be reasonably accepted
as consistent with objective medical evidence and other evidence. See 20 C.F.R.
§ 404.1529; SSR 16-3p, 2017 WL 5180304, at *2 (Oct. 25, 2017); SSR 96-8p, 1996
WL 374184, at *5. The ALJ must also consider limitations and restrictions imposed

by all of an individual’s impairments, even impairments that are not severe. See SSR
96-8p, 1996 WL 374184, at *5. The ALJ may draw reasonable inferences from the
evidence in making his decision, but the social security ruling also cautions that
presumptions, speculation, and supposition do not constitute evidence. See e.g., SSR
86-8, 1986 WL 68636, at *8 (1986), superseded by SSR 91-7c, 1991 WL 231791, at *1
(Aug. 1, 1991) (changing the ruling only to the extent the SSR discusses the former
procedures used to determine disability in children).
The ALJ is not required to incorporate limitations in the RFC that he did not

find the record supported. See Muse v. Sullivan, 925 F.2d 785, 790 (5th Cir. 1991)
(“The ALJ as factfinder has the sole responsibility for weighing the evidence and
may choose whichever physician's diagnosis is most supported by the record.”). In
reviewing the ALJ's decision, a finding of no substantial evidence is appropriate only
if no credible evidentiary choices or medical findings support the decision. Boyd v.

Apfel, 239 F.3d 698, 704 (5th Cir. 2001).
In this case, substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s conclusion that Plaintiff
retained the RFC to perform a reduced range of light work. (Tr. 42-47, Finding #5.)
The ALJ’s analysis reveals a thorough consideration of the medical evidence and an

appropriate assessment of Plaintiff’s impairments, including her diagnosis of diabetic
retinopathy. (Tr. 42-47.) As the ALJ explained, he accounted for Plaintiff’s
diabetes, retinopathy, and hypertension in the RFC for light work, with no climbing
ladders, ropes, or scaffolds, and contrary to Plaintiff’s argument (see Pltf. Br. at 5-13),
the ALJ reasonably found that the objective evidence did not support any visual

limitations. (Tr. 45.)
First, the ALJ noted that Plaintiff has “a standing diagnosis of diabetic
retinopathy and complain[ed] of ‘very poor’ vision.” (Tr. 45, 557.) The ALJ further
noted, however, that while Plaintiff had “many macular and retinal hemorrhages,”
with correction (glasses), her right eye vision was 20/50, and her left eye vision was
20/40. (Tr. 45, 558.) The ALJ also noted that Plaintiff’s overall vision was slightly
improved with eye drops (Tr. 45, 559), as prior examinations had shown 20/60 or
20/50 vision in both the right and left eye. (Tr. 45, 562, 568, 571.) The ALJ

observed that Plaintiff’s vision did fluctuate some on testing, but it was never worse
than 20/60 with correction apart from a single exam noting 20/70 right eye vision.
(Tr. 45, 843-845, 853-854, 1628-1629, 1637-1638, 1648-1649.) Furthermore,
treatment records indicate that Plaintiff’s diagnosis of “proliferative diabetic
retinopathy with macular edema” was consistently assessed as “mild” and “stable.”

(Tr. 17, 97, 76-85, 1630, 1634, 1641, 1643, 1652, 1654.) And none of Plaintiff’s
examining or reviewing physicians assessed any visual limitations. (See Tr. 198-200,
207-210, 863-868, 1658-1660.) See Vaughan v. Shalala, 58 F.3d 129, 131 (5th Cir.
1995) (holding that determination of non-disability supported when no physician of

record stated the claimant was disabled).
As the ALJ acknowledged, Plaintiff testified her vision issues were mostly
distance vision, and thus affected her ability to drive as she could not see street signs
well. (Tr. 43, 162.) Plaintiff also testified that she could see close up and could see a
computer, but she had trouble with distance. (Tr. 175-176.) Although Plaintiff

argues that these “self-described limitations” compelled the ALJ to include visual
limitations in his RFC finding (see Pltf. Br. at 8-9), subjective complaints must be
corroborated, at least in part, by objective evidence. See Houston v. Sullivan, 895 F.2d
1012, 1016 (5th Cir. 1989). “The ALJ is not required to show that the RFC is
compatible with all of a claimant’s self-reported symptoms, but instead to evaluate
that testimony in the context of objective medical evidence and determine the
remaining capacity for work.” Crista B. v. Berryhill, No. 1:18-CV- 00042-BP, 2019
WL 2996553, at *4 (N.D. Tex. June 19, 2019), adopted by, 2019 WL 2996021 (N.D.

Tex. July 9, 2019) (citing Newton v. Apfel, 209 F.3d 448, 452 (5th Cir. 2000)). “[T]o
upset that determination, Plaintiff must show that no reasonable person could find
support in the record for the RFC assessed by the ALJ, not only that some conflict
might appear to exist between a claimant’s purported symptoms and the RFC.”

Crista B., 2019 WL 2996553, at *4. Plaintiff here has not made that showing.
Plaintiff also argues that the ALJ erred at step five because he did not pose any
hypothetical questions to the vocational expert (“VE”) that included visual
limitations. (See Pltf. Br. at 10.) Plaintiff’s argument is unavailing. The Fifth Circuit
has long recognized that hypothetical questions to a vocational expert shall include

functional limitations that the evidence supports and the ALJ accepts. See Masterson
v. Barnhart, 309 F.3d 267, 273 (5th Cir. 2002). Further, the ALJ is not required to
consider limitations that are contradicted by other testimony or records. See Boyd v.
Apfel, 239 F.3d 698, 707 (5th Cir. 2001) (noting that a hypothetical question posed to
the vocational expert by the ALJ must “incorporate reasonably all disabilities of the

claimant recognized by the ALJ”) (quoting Bowling v. Shalala, 36 F.3d 431, 436 (5th
Cir.1994)); see also Nic R. v. Kijakazi, No. 3:22-CV-00106-K-BT, 2023 WL 2529930, at
*5 (N.D. Tex. Feb. 21, 2023), adopted by, 2023 WL 2531492 (N.D. Tex. Mar. 15,
2023) (finding the ALJ’s hypothetical question to the VE that did not include a
limitation the ALJ determined was not supported not defective).
After careful consideration of the evidence, the ALJ found that Plaintiff’s

statements regarding the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of her symptoms
were not entirely consistent with the evidence of record. (Tr. 43–45.) See SSR 96–
7p, 1996 WL 374186, at *2 (“whenever the individual’s statements . . . [regarding
her] symptoms are not substantiated by objective medical evidence, the adjudicator
must make a finding on the credibility of the individual’s statements based on a

consideration of the entire case record”); 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1529(c)(4), 416.929(c)(4).
An “ALJ's findings regarding the debilitating effect of the subjective complaints are
entitled to considerable judicial deference.” James v. Bowen, 793 F.2d 702, 706 (5th
Cir. 1986). As noted previously, the ALJ here reasonably found that Plaintiff’s

subjective claims of “very poor” vision were not supported by the objective medical
evidence and therefore did not warrant the inclusion of visual limitations in the RFC.
(See Tr. 45.)
Because the ALJ’s hypothetical included all of Plaintiff’s established
limitations, (Tr. 58-59), the VE’s response provides substantial evidence supporting

his finding that Plaintiff was not disabled. Masterson, 309 F.3d 267, 273; see also
Bowling v. Shalala, 36 F.3d 431, 435 (5th Cir. 1994). Plaintiff fails to provide any
evidence showing greater limitations than those assessed by the ALJ in the RFC
finding, as was her burden. Greenspan, 38 F.3d at 236 (claimant’s burden to prove
functional limitations that must be incorporated in the RFC assessment).
Accordingly, the Court finds no error in the ALJ’s step-five finding.
In addition, the record reflects that Plaintiff was represented by counsel at the

hearing; her counsel questioned the VE; and none of her counsel’s questioning
involved any visual limitations. (Tr. 190-193.) Thus, Plaintiff’s counsel had the
opportunity to cross-examine the VE on this issue and failed do so. (See id.) Nor has
Plaintiff offered contradictory evidence that she could not perform the jobs identified
by the VE. Perez v. Barnhart, 415 F.3d 457, 464 (5th Cir. 2005) (attorney neither

cross-examined the vocational expert nor offered contradictory evidence); Bordelon v.
Astrue, 281 Fed. App'x. 418, 423 n.7 (5th Cir. 2008) (citation omitted) (noting that
Plaintiff’s lawyer was “afforded the opportunity to correct deficiencies in the ALJ's
question by mentioning or suggesting to the vocational expert any purported defects

in the hypothetical question”); Carey v. Apfel, 230 F.3d 131, 146 (5th Cir. 2000)
(holding that claimants should not be permitted to scan the record for implied or
unexplained conflicts when the conflict was not deemed sufficient to merit
adversarial development in the administrative hearing). Thus, Plaintiff's argument
fails for this reason as well.

B. The ALJ properly considered Dr. McCombs’ medical opinions.
“An ‘ALJ is responsible for determining an applicant’s residual functional
capacity.’” Webster v. Kijazaki, 19 F.4th 715, 718 (5th Cir. 2021) (quoting Ripley v.
Chater, 67 F.3d 552, 557 (5th Cir. 1995)). In doing so, the ALJ “examines the
medical evidence in the record, including the testimony of physicians and the
claimant’s medical records.” Id. Effective for claims filed on or after March 27,
2017, the Social Security Agency comprehensively revised its regulations governing
medical opinion evidence creating a new regulatory framework. See Revisions to

Rules Regarding the Evaluation of Medical Evidence, 82 Fed. Reg. 5844 (Jan. 18,
2017) (technical errors corrected by 82 Fed. Reg. 15, 132-01 (March 27, 2017)).
Here, Plaintiff filed her claim on July 22, 2021, and therefore, the 2017 regulations
are applicable to her claim.
Under these revised regulations, the ALJ must determine the persuasiveness of

a physician’s medical opinion. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920c. To determine the
persuasiveness of each medical opinion, the ALJ considers supportability,
consistency, relationship with the plaintiff, specialization, and other factors that tend
to support or contradict a medical opinion. Id. §§ 404.1520c(c)(1)-(5), 416.920c(c)(1)-

(5). The most important factors are supportability and consistency. Id.
§§ 404.1520c(b)(2), 416.920c(b)(2). When considering medical opinions, the ALJ
“will not defer or give any specific evidentiary weight, including controlling weight,
to any medical opinion(s).” 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520c(a), 416.920c(a); Stephens v. Saul,
3:20-CV-823-BH, 2020 WL 7122860, at *5 (N.D. Tex. Dec. 4, 2020) (citation

omitted); accord Winston v. Berryhill, 755 F. App’x 395, 402 n.4 (5th Cir. 2018)
(citation omitted).
The ALJ must also explain the persuasiveness of medical opinions. 20 C.F.R.
§§ 404.1520c(b), 416.920c(b). An ALJ will discuss how she considered the
supportability and consistency factors for a medical source’s medical opinions in her
determination or decision. Id. “At a minimum, the ALJ's discussion [of these
factors] must give enough reasons to permit meaningful judicial review.” Hubbard v.
Comm’r of Soc. Sec., No. 4:20-CV-588-BP, 2022 WL 196297, at *4 (N.D. Tex. Jan. 21,

2022) (citations omitted). The ALJ may, but is not required to, explain how she
considered the remaining factors. Id. When a medical source provides multiple
medical opinions, the ALJ will articulate how she “considered the medical
opinions . . . from that medical source together in a single analysis using the factors,”

but she is not required to articulate how she considered each medical opinion from
one medical source individually. Id. §§ 404.1520c(b)(1), 416.920c(b)(1).
“[F]undamentally, the ALJ cannot reject a medical opinion without an
explanation.” Kneeland v. Berryhill, 850 F.3d 749, 759-60 (5th Cir. 2017) (citation and
internal quotations omitted); accord Winston, 755 F. App’x at 398. In explaining a

rejection of a physician’s opinion, the ALJ does not have “to state the weight given
to each symptom and diagnosis in the administrative record.” Michelle K. M. v.
Berryhill, No. 3:17-CV-3044-BH, 2019 WL 1243355, at *13 (N.D. Tex. Mar. 18,
2019). An “ALJ’s failure to mention a particular piece of evidence does not
necessarily mean that [the ALJ] failed to consider it” when “the ALJ’s decision

states explicitly that [the ALJ] considered the entire record in [the ALJ’s] decision.”
Hammond v. Barnhart, 124 F. App’x 847, 851 (5th Cir. 2005). There is no “statutorily
or judicially imposed obligation for the ALJ to list explicitly all the evidence he takes
into account in making his findings.” See Hammond, 124 F. App’x at 851. Wendy M.
B. v. Kijakazi, No. 3:20-CV-02957-BT, 2022 WL 2704038, at *3–4 (N.D. Tex. July
11, 2022).
As the ALJ detailed in his decision, Dr. McCombs opined on February 16,

2023, that Plaintiff could lift/carry 20 pounds occasionally and 10 pounds frequently,
sit frequently, stand/walk frequently, reach frequently, perform low-level or elevated
activity occasionally, and frequently climb stairs. (Tr. 45, 1660.) The ALJ found this
opinion “generally persuasive” and consistent with light work. (Tr. 45.) Although
the ALJ found the limitation to frequent stair climbing was not supported by

Plaintiff’s need for multiple breaks when climbing stairs during testing, he found
persuasive the remaining limitations assessed by Dr. McCombs. (Tr. 45, 1659.)
As the ALJ explained, he found Dr. McCombs’ assessment that Plaintiff could
lift 20 pounds from floor to waist and 10 pounds from waist to shoulder height, as
well as her ability to complete the walking portion of the test despite pain

complaints, supported his conclusions. (Tr. 45, 1659.) The ALJ also found that
Plaintiff’s relatively unremarkable lumbar imaging (Tr. 1194), her 70% relief with an
epidural steroid injection (Tr. 1701), and her hand complaints centering only on her
right ring and left little finger (Tr. 1504-1505, 1525-1526, 1549-1550, 1573-1574,
1576-1577), were consistent with the limitations assessed by Dr. McCombs. (Tr.

46.) Fifth Circuit law is well established that the ALJ is empowered to determine the
credibility of the examining physicians and medical experts and weigh their opinions
accordingly. See Greenspan, 38 F.3d at 237; see also Johnson v. Bowen, 864 F.2d 340,
347 (5th Cir. 1988) (“It is, of course, for the [Commissioner] to decide what weight
to accord various medical reports.”).
Just one month later, on March 27, 2023, Dr. McCombs completed a
“Medical Inquiry” form at the request of Plaintiff’s counsel, wherein he opined that

Plaintiff was limited to just four hours of sitting, four hours of standing/walking, had
a greater than 30% reduction in production/work pace, had an ability to use her
hands less than 25% of the workday, and could not persist in full-time work activity.
(Tr. 1690-1691.) The ALJ found this opinion unpersuasive, noting that the opinion
was “not well explained, especially with respect to the opinion regarding the

[Plaintiff’s] work pace.” (Tr. 46, 1690.) The ALJ also found that the “extreme
manipulative limitations [were] not consistent with the other medical records that
found full strength in the hands.” (Tr. 46, 827). And although Plaintiff argues that
the ALJ’s full-strength finding did not apply to her hands or grip strength (see Pltf. Br.
at 20), her argument is meritless, as the record states, “Strength 5/5 in all

extremities,” which clearly includes the hands. (Tr. 827.)
Finally, the ALJ found Dr. McCombs’s March 27, 2023 opinion (Tr. 1658-60)
substantially inconsistent with his February 2023 opinion (Tr. 1690-94) and
reasonably explained that he gave “more credence” to Dr. McCombs’ February 2023
opinion because it was rendered in conjunction with an in-person evaluation of

Plaintiff. (Tr. 46.) The ALJ also explained that Dr. McCombs’s own evaluation of
Plaintiff’s abilities did not support his March 2023 opinion. (Tr. 46.) The ALJ
further explained that Plaintiff’s relatively unremarkable lumbar imaging (Tr. 1194);
her 70% relief with an epidural steroid injection (Tr. 1701); and her hand complaints
centering only on her right ring and left little finger (Tr. 1504-1505, 1525-1526, 1549-
1550, 1573-1574, 1576-1577) were inconsistent with Dr. McCombs’s March 2023
opinion. (Tr. 46.)
Based on the foregoing, substantial evidence in the record supports the ALJ’s
RFC finding. Ultimately, Plaintiff's arguments amount to an invitation for the court
to reweigh the evidence, which is not proper under the substantial evidence standard
of review. See Carey v. Apfel, 230 F.3d 131, 135 (5th Cir. 2000) (providing that a
reviewing court may not reweigh the evidence or substitute its judgment for the
ALJ’s judgment even if the evidence weighs against the ALJ’s determination); Garcia
vy. Berryhill, 880 F.3d 700, 704 (Sth Cir. 2018).
CONCLUSION
The Commissioner's decision is AFFIRMED, and this case is DISMISSED
WITH PREJUDICE.
SO ORDERED on November 8, 2024.
wn

BRIAN M Y
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

19

---

Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10738825. Public record. Not legal advice.