# Medina v. Wexford Health Source Inc.

> District Court, S.D. Illinois · July 1, 2024

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10646043

## Case

- **Court:** District Court, S.D. Illinois
- **Decided:** July 1, 2024
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

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## Opinion text

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS

NESTOR MEDINA,
#N90665,

Plaintiff, Case No. 24-cv-01532-SPM

v.

WEXFORD HEALTH SOURCES INC.,
FELICIA ADKINS,
DR J EK,
JENNIFER A CHACON,
PAULA LAHEY,
MS. MARY,
ASHLEY DRANELL,
DEEDEE BROOKHART,
DR. PITTMAN,
DR. VIPIN K. SHAH,
M. WISE,
LUKING,
THOMANN,
MS. CUNNINGHAM,
JANE DOE 1,
JANE DOE 2, and
LATOYA HUGHES,

Defendants.

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

MCGLYNN, District Judge:
Plaintiff Nestor Medina, an inmate of the Illinois Department of Corrections (IDOC) who
is currently incarcerated at Danville Correctional Center, brings this civil action pursuant to 42
U.S.C. § 1983 for violations of his constitutional rights that occurred at Lawrence Correctional
Center and Danville Correctional Center. The Complaint is now before the Court for preliminary
review pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. Under Section 1915A, any portion of a complaint that is
legally frivolous, malicious, fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or requests
money damages from a defendant who by law is immune from such relief must be dismissed. See
28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b). At this juncture, the factual allegations of the pro se complaint are to be
liberally construed. Rodriguez v. Plymouth Ambulance Serv., 577 F.3d 816, 821 (7th Cir. 2009).
THE COMPLAINT

In the Complaint, Plaintiff describes the repeated delay and denial of medical care for his
knee and associated injuries over the period of several years while incarcerated at Lawrence
Correctional Center and Danville Correctional Center.
Plaintiff alleges that on July 26, 2019, while incarcerated at Lawrence Correctional Center
(Lawrence), he had a medical appointment with Dr. Pittman because his right knee was “giving
out,” and he was falling. (Doc. 1, p. 5). Dr. Pittman informed Plaintiff that he has ACL/MCL
deficient knees and prescribed Plaintiff a knee sleeve for stability. (Id.).
Following the appointment, Plaintiff’s right knee continued to worsen. (Doc. 1, p. 6).
Plaintiff’s knee would “give way” causing him to fall and hurt himself. He was issued a low bunk
permit because he was having difficulty climbing down from his top bunk bed. Plaintiff had

another appointment with Dr. Pittman on October 10, 2019. Dr. Pittman instructed Plaintiff to
continue wearing the knee sleeve and exercise. Plaintiff requested an ADA gym permit to exercise
but was told by a nurse that he did not meet the requirements. (Id.).
On January 2, 2020, Plaintiff had an appointment with a nurse practitioner. (Doc. 1, p. 6).
He explained that all exercise areas were located on concrete and that walking on concrete for
exercise was making his knee pain worse. The nurse practitioner instructed Plaintiff to modify his
exercise and do the best he could. His knee condition did not improve. Plaintiff sent requests to
the health care unit that went unanswered, and he was not scheduled for an appointment with a
medical provider. (Id.).

Finally, on May 30, 2020, Plaintiff was seen by a nurse. (Doc. 1, p. 6). Plaintiff informed
the nurse that exercising on concrete was too painful and requested to have his knee surgically
repaired or to transfer him to a facility where he could exercise properly. The nurse referred him
to see a medical doctor at the facility. (Id.).
On June 3, 2020, Plaintiff had an appointment with Nurse Practitioner Luking. (Doc. 1, p.

6). Plaintiff explained that his problems with his right knee were becoming worse. He requested a
transfer or surgical repair. Luking examined him and ordered an x-ray and for Plaintiff to see the
doctor. Plaintiff was not, however, scheduled to see a doctor. (Id.).
At some point in June 2020, Plaintiff twisted his knee. (Doc. 1, p. 6). He was again referred
to the doctor. Plaintiff was seen by Dr. Pittman on July 2. Dr. Pittman recorded that Plaintiff had
“Bil. DJD/Loss of cartilage and ACL/MCL injury.” Plaintiff requested an MRI and for a transfer
so that he could exercise properly. Dr. Pittman responded, “Let’s see what happens.” Dr. Pittman
“put him in” for a follow-up appointment in two weeks and gave Plaintiff vitamins. The follow-
up appointment was never scheduled. (Id.).
Plaintiff had an appointment with a nurse practitioner on July 29, 2020, after complaining

about knee pain. (Doc. 1, p. 7). The nurse practitioner recorded that Plaintiff was to have a follow-
up appointment in four weeks. She prescribed pain pills and exercise. (Id.).
On September 14, 2020, Plaintiff was seen again by a nurse practitioner. (Doc. 1, p. 7).
The nurse practitioner noted in his medical records that he was experiencing knee pain and his
knee was “going out.” She instructed Plaintiff to do minimal walking because he was ACL/MCL
deficient. The nurse practitioner also prescribed a cane to help with stability. (Id.).
Plaintiff continued to complain of knee pain, and he was seen ten days later by Dr. Shah.
(Doc. 1, p. 7). Plaintiff requested to see an orthopedic doctor because his condition was worsening.
Dr. Shah told Plaintiff that he would receive more knee sleeves for stabilization and that Plaintiff

would have to learn to live with the pain and falling because he, Dr. Shah, was not going to do
anything else for him. (Id.).
On December 9, 2020, Plaintiff was seen by Nurse Baker after falling and injuring his
shoulder while doing his prescribed physical therapy exercises. (Doc. 1, p. 7). She referred Plaintiff
to see a doctor, but an appointment was not scheduled. (Id.).

On February 14, 2021, Plaintiff had another appointment with Nurse Baker for knee pain.
(Doc. 1, p. 7). She recorded notes in his medical records and referred him to a doctor. An
appointment with a doctor was never scheduled. Plaintiff was seen by Nurse Baker for a third time
on February 24, after he injured his knee while moving cells. Baker “put him in for the M.D. line.”
(Id.).
On March 16, 2021, Plaintiff had an appointment with a new doctor, Dr. Williams. (Doc.
1, p. 8). Plaintiff explained his knee problems and history. Plaintiff asserts that Dr. Williams could
not understand how Plaintiff had been walking around in his condition or why Plaintiff had not
been sent for an MRI or to see an orthopedic doctor. Dr. Williams ordered an MRI and for Plaintiff
to see an orthopedic doctor. Shortly after Plaintiff’s appointment, Dr. Williams quit. (Id.).

From March 2021 through September 2021, Plaintiff repeatedly submitted requests to the
health care unit because he continued to twist his knee, fall, and injure himself. (Doc. 1, p. 8).
Plaintiff injured his shoulder again on September 19, 2021, after his knee buckled. (Id.).
Six months after Dr. Williams’ referrals, Plaintiff finally saw an orthopedic specialist on
September 27, 2021. (Doc. 1, p. 8). The specialist told Plaintiff that he needed reconstructive
surgery. Plaintiff had an appointment with the same specialist again on October 25, and the
specialist confirmed the need for surgery. The specialist referred Plaintiff to an orthopedic surgeon.
(Id.).
At Lawrence, Plaintiff had a follow-up appointment with Dr. Savino, who noted that

Plaintiff needed surgery “a.s.a.p.” (Doc. 1, p. 8). Plaintiff saw the surgeon on November 16, 2021.
The surgeon ordered an MRI and a return visit to discuss surgical options. Plaintiff had an MRI
on December 29. The imaging confirmed an ACL/MCL deficient knee. (Id.).
During this time, Plaintiff states that he continued to fall and hurt himself. (Doc. 1, p. 9).
On February 2, 2022, Plaintiff’s knee buckled, and he hit his shoulder on a metal post. He requested

a medical appointment but did not see a medical provider. Plaintiff saw a nurse on February 26,
and was referred to a doctor. (Id.).
Plaintiff had an appointment with Nurse Practitioner Luking on March 1, 2022. (Doc. 1, p.
9). At the appointment, Plaintiff complained of extreme shoulder pain, and Luking ordered an x-
ray. Plaintiff saw Luking again on March 17, and he asked about the status of his knee surgery.
Luking said that she did not have any information about his knee surgery. The next day, Plaintiff
had an appointment with Nurse Practitioner Wise. Wise informed Plaintiff that the surgeon had
notified Lawrence back on January 12 that he would not perform the surgery because following
surgery, Plaintiff would need a brace and crutches, and Lawrence would not provide those devices.
Wise told Plaintiff that he would be sent for a second opinion. Plaintiff asked about being issued

a brace, and Wise told Plaintiff, “Let’s wait to see what the second opinion ortho says.” Plaintiff
also expressed his irritation with having to wait two months for information about the surgery.
(Id.).
On March 21, 2022, Plaintiff fell and injured his left pinky trying to catch himself. (Doc.
1, p. 9). His pinky was swollen and deformed. An x-ray was taken of his pinky. (Id.).
Since injuring his shoulder in February 2022, Plaintiff experienced pain. (Doc. 9-10). On
May 28, Plaintiff heard and felt a tear in his left shoulder as he was moving his property box. He
sent a request to see a medical provider to the health care unit. By May 31, Plaintiff was in extreme
pain and could not move his shoulder, arm, or neck. He sent an emergency request for a “med-

tech” through correctional officers. The officers called the health care unit, and they were told that
his request for emergency care had been denied. Plaintiff was told that he would see Nurse
Practitioner Wise in a couple of days. (Id.).
Plaintiff had an appointment with an orthopedic specialist for a second opinion about his
knee on June 8, 2022. (Doc. 1, p. 10). The specialist stated that Plaintiff’s ACL had torn and to

“get him an ACL brace.” The specialist wrote a prescription for a brace. (Id.).
On June 10, 2022, Plaintiff was seen by Nurse Practitioner Wise for his shoulder. (Doc. 1,
p. 10). Plaintiff explained “about the ripping and tearing of his shoulder and that his bicep has
fallen.” Wise ordered physical therapy. Plaintiff asked why he was not being seen by a doctor, and
Wise responded that the physical therapist would decide if evaluation by a doctor was needed.
Wise then asked Plaintiff about the visit with the orthopedic specialist. Plaintiff told her that he
prescribed an ACL brace. (Id.). Wise said she would pass on the information. (Id. at p. 11).
On June 24, 2022, Physical Therapist Assistant Gaither came to Plaintiff’s cell for a “cane
inventory check.” (Doc. 1, p. 11). Gaither noticed that Plaintiff was not using his left arm and that
his shoulder was drooping. Gaither brought Plaintiff a sling. Gaither saw Wise and told her how

bad Plaintiff’s shoulder looked and how bad the pain was for him. Wise ordered an MRI. (Id.).
On June 28, 2022, Plaintiff had physical therapy, but he was unable to perform the exercises
because of the pain. Dr. Thomann, the physical therapist, tried to force Plaintiff to do the
movements, but he could not. Plaintiff was having trouble moving his neck, but Thomann
continued to try and move it. Plaintiff states that he finally told her to stop because the pain was
too great. The next day, Wise told Plaintiff that an x-ray was scheduled because Thomann believed
there might be a neck problem. Wise still did not send Plaintiff to see a doctor. (Id.).
On July 12, 2022, Plaintiff went back to physical therapy for his shoulder and knee. (Doc.
1, p. 11). Plaintiff told Thomann that his shoulder and arm hurt too much to do the exercises and

that he wanted to wait for a doctor to diagnose him before she tried to fix him. Again, Thomann
tried to make Plaintiff do the exercises, and he told her to stop because it hurt too much. Thomann
then attempted to lift, twist, and pull Plaintiff’s leg. Plaintiff told Thomann that he felt his knee
popping out of place and that the movement caused pain. He stated that he wanted to wait for his
ACL brace before exercising. Thomann told Plaintiff to leave, and she took his cane without

explanation. Following the appointment, Plaintiff wrote to Cunningham, the health care unit
administrator, about his brace and shoulder, but he did not receive a response. (Id.).
On July 18, 2022, Plaintiff was sent for an MRI for his shoulder. (Doc. 1, p. 11). On July
25, Plaintiff had an appointment with Nurse Practitioner Luking to discuss the results. (Id. at p.
12). The MRI showed “a full thickness tear of supraspinatus and long head bicep tear and partial
thickness superior subscapularis tendon tear.” Luking also told Plaintiff that the surgery needed
for his knee was not going to be performed because of the type of brace that was needed for
recovery. She said she would communicate that recovery could be done in the infirmary with the
brace. (Id.).
On August 1, 2022, a nurse retrieved the knee sleeves from Plaintiff at Luking’s direction.

(Doc. 1, p. 12). When Plaintiff wrote a grievance complaining that the knee sleeves had been taken,
he received a response from Dr. Babich of Wexford informing him that knee sleeves were for
comfort, not stability. Plaintiff asserts that he should never have been given knee sleeves for
stability and that he should have been issued a brace from the start to prevent two years of falling
and further injury. (Id.).
On August 4, 2022, Plaintiff twisted his knee very badly. (Doc. 1, p. 12). He was seen by
Nurse Practitioner Luking. She informed Plaintiff that an IDOC physician and Dr. Babich were
waiting on a sample brace for approval and that Plaintiff just needed to wait. On August 19, 2022,
the orthopedic surgeon contacted Plaintiff’s sister about the results from the MRI of Plaintiff’s

shoulder. The surgeon believed that Plaintiff needed immediate attention, and the surgeon was
unable to reach the health care unit at Lawrence to relay the message. After several attempts,
Plaintiff’s sister eventually reached the health care united and passed on the message. (Id.).
On August 20, 2022, Dr. Meyer examined Plaintiff’s left pinky. (Doc. 1, p. 12). Plaintiff
continued to have pain and trouble using it following his previous fall in March. Dr. Meyer

believed that Plaintiff may have nerve damage but stated there was nothing that could be done.
(Id.).
On September 27, 2022, Plaintiff went back to the first orthopedic surgeon who had
previously declined to perform surgery on Plaintiff’s knee because Lawrence would not be able to
provide proper post-operation care. (Doc. 1, p. 13). The surgeon recommended another doctor, “in
hopes that he may take the risk.” The surgeon stated that “time was of the up most importance.”
Two days later, Plaintiff was informed that the sample brace had been submitted to Springfield
security for approval. In October, the warden at Lawrence was shown a picture of the brace and
agreed to see the sample. Plaintiff wrote to Cunningham and requested a medical transfer to a
facility that already provided the ACL brace. Cunningham did not respond. (Id.).

Plaintiff had a physical therapy appointment on October 25, 2022, to exercise his shoulder.
(Doc. 1, p. 13). Again, Plaintiff told the “D.P.T.” that it was too painful and that he had been
advised by one of the orthopedic specialists to avoid doing anything painful. The D.P.T. did not
agree and wanted Plaintiff to sign a treatment refusal. Plaintiff would not. (Id.).
Plaintiff saw an orthopedic specialist for his shoulder on November 16, 2022. (Doc. 1, p.
13). The specialist agreed that surgery was needed but because of the long delay, the specialist
said that “the window for the best outcome [had] past, especially for the bicep, it may not be
saved.” (Id.).
Plaintiff continued to fall and experience pain. (Doc. 1, p. 13). He wrote the health care

unit about his ongoing issues. In January 2023, Plaintiff was told that he had been referred for
another MRI and appointment with an orthopedic specialist. While waiting for these appointments
to be approved, Plaintiff went over a dozen times to physical therapy for knee and shoulder
exercises. (Id.). Plaintiff continued to inform the physical therapist that he could not perform the
movements because of pain, but Plaintiff would always decline to sign a treatment refusal form.

(Id. at p. 14). Plaintiff was approved for orthopedic visits for his knee and shoulder and two MRIs
in February. His condition deteriorated, and he was placed on “lay-in” status and fed in his cell
because of his pain and inability to use his shoulder and arm. Before he could attend these
appointments, Plaintiff was transferred to Danville Correctional Center (Danville) in April 2023.
(Id.).
Once at Danville, Plaintiff continued to be denied timely and adequate medical care. (Doc.
1, p. 14). He had an appointment with a nurse on May 4, 2023, and explained his medical situation.
The nurse put his name on the list to see the doctor. Plaintiff’s knee buckled on May 19 and 25.
He requested to see the doctor twice but was not scheduled. Plaintiff saw Dr. EK on June 5, but
Dr. EK would only discuss Plaintiff’s cholesterol and refused to talk to him about his knee or

shoulder. (Id.).
Plaintiff sent a letter to the ADA coordinator, Ms. Lahey, about his ACL brace that was
prescribed to him. (Doc. 1, p. 15). Ms. Lahey responded that she needed Dr. EK’s approval and
that Plaintiff had been added to Dr. EK’s schedule in the next few days. On June 7, 2023, Plaintiff
received a call pass to see Dr. EK, but when he arrived at the health care unit, Dr. EK refused to
see him. Plaintiff continued to submit requests to see a doctor, and he also filed a grievance because
his instability was becoming more extreme.
Plaintiff injured his shoulder and was seen by a nurse on July 14, 2023. (Doc. 1, p. 15).
During the appointment he was told that there was no record of an ACL brace being prescribed.

Plaintiff gave the nurse copies of his medical records, and the nurse said she would pass them on
to Ms. Babbs who orders the braces. He had an MRI on his shoulder on July 19, which showed
that surgery was needed. Plaintiff had an MRI on his knee on August 8, and again, the results
confirmed an ACL/MCL deficient knee. Plaintiff hurt his knee on August 25, and requested to see
a medical provider. (Id.).

Plaintiff was not seen for his knee or shoulder until September 4, 2023. (Doc. 1, p. 16).
Plaintiff was seen by Physician Assistant Mo. Mo agreed that Plaintiff needed an ACL brace and
told Plaintiff that he, Mo, would request for Dr. EK to sign off on approval for a brace. (Id.).
On September 4, 2023, Plaintiff wrote to Health Care Administrator Chacon and asked
about the status of his brace. Chacon responded that she was not sure he still needed it. Plaintiff
informed Chacon that he had an MRI on August 8 that demonstrated that he did need the brace.
Plaintiff also sent a letter to ADA Coordinator Lahey asking about his brace. Lahey instructed
Plaintiff to continue wearing the knee sleeve and that she would continue to monitor his progress.
(Id.).
On September 17, 2023, Plaintiff was seen by an orthopedic surgeon for his shoulder, and

the surgeon ordered surgery. (Doc. 1, p. 16). On October 23, Plaintiff had a pre-operation physical
with Nurse Practitioner Mary. Plaintiff asked about his ACL brace, and Mary responded, “We are
not here for that,” and would not answer any questions relating to the brace. Plaintiff had surgery
on his shoulder the following day. (Id.).
After his shoulder surgery, Plaintiff sent a letter to Chacon and Lahey because he was
concerned about falling with his bad shoulder. (Doc. 1, p. 16). In the letter, Plaintiff asked who
was responsible for approving the ACL brace. He did not receive a response. (Id.).
Plaintiff had a follow-up appointment with the shoulder surgeon on November 8, 2023.
(Doc. 1, p. 16). The surgeon told Plaintiff that he could not repair the bicep because too much time

had past between the injury and the surgery. The surgeon prescribed physical therapy two times
per week for up to ten weeks. (Id.). From November 2023 through January 24, 2024, Plaintiff was
sent to physical therapy only three times. Plaintiff had an appointment with the surgeon on January
24, and the surgeon instructed Plaintiff to continue with physical therapy until the next follow-up
appointment in six weeks. (Id.).

Plaintiff did not have another physical therapy appointment until February 2, 2024. (Doc.
1, p. 17). During the appointment, the physical therapist mentioned that Plaintiff may have
“nerve/spine” issues because of the bicep and arm pain Plaintiff was experiencing. (Id. at p. 18).
Plaintiff saw Dr. EK on February 20. Dr. EK did not discuss the status of Plaintiff’s ACL brace or
examine his knee. In response to Plaintiff’s questions about his brace, Dr. EK replied, “We are
here just to tell you P.T. will end soon, good bye.” (Id.).
Plaintiff against saw Dr. EK on March 6, 2024. Plaintiff told Dr. EK about the comments
the physical therapist had made about the “nerve/spine concerns.” (Doc. 1, p. 18). Dr. EK stated,
“They are not doctors, I don’t care.” Dr. EK told Plaintiff to leave without making any treatment
decisions about potential nerve and spinal problems he was experiencing. On his way out of the

exam room, Dr. EK told Plaintiff, “Don’t forget your notes, I know you love to take notes.” (Id.).
In March 2024, Plaintiff wrote to the health care unit because his left bicep and arm were
in pain and his knee continued to buckle and cause pain. (Doc. 1, p. 18). Plaintiff saw Nurse
Practitioner Mary on March 28. Plaintiff asked Mary about his brace, and Mary responded that she
did not find any information regarding the brace. Plaintiff gave Mary copies of his medical records
recording that he needed to be fitted for an ACL brace and that he was waiting on approval by
administrative officials of a sample brace. Mary disregarded these documents. Plaintiff asked Mary
to call Dr. Babich at Wexford or medical staff at Lawrence to clear up the issue. She refused. Mary
instructed Plaintiff to wait for his next appointment with the orthopedic doctor. (Id.).

Plaintiff saw an orthopedic surgeon on April 1, 2024. (Doc. 1, p. 19). The surgeon took
x-rays and looked at the MRI. (Id. at p. 20). The surgeon told Plaintiff that his right knee will never
“be close to 100%” and that an ACL brace will always be needed.” Plaintiff told the surgeon that
his left knee is now also starting to hurt. The surgeon told Plaintiff that the ACL is slightly torn in
his left knee and the left knee is compensating for the right knee. The surgeon explained that if the

issues with the right knee are not addressed, then the left knee will be seriously impacted and
possibly his hips as well. The surgeon told Plaintiff that the recommended treatment would be a
two-part process. Plaintiff will be required to wear an ACL brace for three months and if the knee
feels stable, then a fitted brace will be ordered. If the knee does not feel stable, then surgery will
be performed, and an ACL brace prescribed. The surgeon stated that Plaintiff needed the brace
now, and the surgeon’s assistant fitted Plaintiff for a brace. (Id.).
When Plaintiff returned to Danville from his appointment, the Director of Nursing, Ashley
Darnell, aggressively asked him, “Why did you let the ortho give you that brace…you should know
that it is not allowed here.” (Doc. 1, p. 20). Plaintiff explained his medical history and his
conversations with the surgeon. Darnell refused to let him wear it and removed the brace. (Id.).

On April 3, 2024, Plaintiff had an appointment with Nurse Practitioner Mary. (Doc. 1-1, p.
1). Plaintiff informed Mary that Darnell had taken his brace. Mary stated that Dr. EK had “signed
off on the brace” on April 1, 2024. Mary told Plaintiff she would look into the situation. (Id.).
Plaintiff went to the health care unit on April 5, 2024. (Doc. 1-1, p. 1). A nurse gave
Plaintiff a brace that was not the one put on him at the surgeon’s office. Plaintiff told the nurse, “I
don’t want that one.” The nurse left and returned with Darnell. Plaintiff explained to Darnell that
the current brace was not the same as what was issued to him by the surgeon. Plaintiff stated that
the brace had been tampered with and altered. The supports had been removed. Darnell told
Plaintiff that he was not allowed to have that kind of brace at Danville. Plaintiff asked to be

transferred to a facility where the device is approved and allowed. Darnell told Plaintiff, “that’s
not my job,” and threw the brace at him. (Id.).
On April 7, 2024, Plaintiff was seen by a nurse for knee pain. (Doc. 1-1, p. 1). The nurse
told him that he soon had a follow-up appointment with Nurse Practitioner Mary and gave him
pain medication. As of June 20, 2024, Plaintiff had still not been seen by a nurse practitioner or

doctor. (Id.).
PRELIMINARY DISMISSALS
The Court dismisses without prejudice all claims against Wexford Health Source Inc.
(Wexford). Plaintiff claims that Wexford (1) has a policy and/or practice that is deliberately
indifferent to his known medical conditions; (2) carelessly and recklessly failed to perform its duty
to ensure that his serious medical need was met; (3) failed to maintain adequate medical and
administrative programs and failed to improve the quality of care for IDOC inmates in accordance
with Illinois administrative rules and statutes; and (4) has a policy and/or practice of allowing and
encouraging unqualified personnel to treat his medical condition and disability. (Doc. 1, p. 5).
These conclusory statements are not supported by any factual allegations in the Complaint, and

Plaintiff never alleges that the individual defendants were acting pursuant to or influenced by a
Wexford policy or practice.1 See Jackson v. Bloomfield Police Dep’t, 764 F. App’x 557, 558 (7th
Cir. 2019). “‘Threadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere
conclusory statements, do not suffice’ to state a claim for relief.” Id. (quoting Ashcroft v. Iqbal,
556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009)). Accordingly, the claims against Wexford Health Sources, Inc. are
dismissed.
The Court also dismisses without prejudice all claims against Jane Does 1 and 2, who are
described as nurse practitioners at Lawrence. (Doc. 1, p. 3). In the Complaint, Plaintiff describes

1 When Plaintiff does mention a Wexford policy, it is to explain how individual defendants are acting contrary to that
policy. Plaintiff repeatedly states he was wrongly given knee sleeves by individual Defendants, despite Wexford policy
stating that knee sleeves are not for stabilization. (Doc. 1, p. 5, 7, 12).
his interactions with unnamed nurse practitioners (Id. at p. 6, 7), but he does not identify these
individuals as either Jane Doe 1 or Jane Doe 2. In fact, Jane Does 1 and 2 are not mentioned
anywhere in the “Statement of Facts” section of the Complaint. Merely listing a defendant in the
case caption is not sufficient to state a claim. The defendant must be given “fair notice of what

the…claim is and the grounds upon which it rests.” Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544,
555 (2007) (quoting Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 47 (1957)) Because Plaintiff does not clearly
associate any allegations with Jane Does 1 and 2, any claims against them are dismissed.
For similar reasons, all claims are dismissed against DeeDee Brookhart, the warden at
Lawrence. Plaintiff fails to describe any unconstitutional conduct on the part of Brookhart or her
involvement in his medical care. The Court cannot infer liability simply because Brookhart is in a
supervisory position or because she reviewed and denied his grievances. See George v. Smith, 507
F.3d 605, 609 (7th Cir. 2007); See Brown v. Randle, 847 F.3d 861, 865 (7th Cir. 2017).
DISCUSSION
Based on Plaintiff’s allegations and his articulation of his claims, the Court designates the

following counts:
Count 1: Eighth Amendment claim against Pittman, Shah, Wise, Luking,
Thomann, Cunningham, Adkins, EK, Chacon, Lahey, Mary, and
Darnell for failing to provide Plaintiff constitutionally adequate care
for his right knee condition.

Count 2: Eighth Amendment claim against Pittman, Shah, Wise, Luking,
Thomann, Cunningham, Adkins, EK, Chacon, Lahey, Mary, and
Darnell for failing to provide Plaintiff constitutionally adequate care
for his left shoulder.

Count 3: ADA/RA claim against Defendants for failing to provide Plaintiff
with a prescribed disability device.

Count 4: First Amendment claim against Thomann for retaliating against
Plaintiff by confiscating his cane.

Count 5: First Amendment against Dr. EK for retaliating against Plaintiff by
refusing to provide further evaluation and/or treatment for potential
nerve and spine issues.

The parties and the Court will use these designations in all future pleadings and orders, unless
otherwise directed by a judicial officer of this Court. Any other claim that is mentioned in the
Complaint but not addressed in this Order should be considered dismissed without prejudice
as inadequately pled under the Twombly2 pleading standard.
Count 1
Count 1 will proceed against Dr. Pittman, Luking, Dr. Shah, Wise, Cunningham, Dr. EK,
Chacon, Lahey, Mary, and Darnell for delaying and/or denying Plaintiff constitutionally adequate
care for his right knee.
Count 1 will also proceed against Thomann, the physical therapist. Plaintiff claims that
after he refused to perform the prescribed exercises, Thomann “took his cane without explanation,”
leaving him “without support.” (Doc. 1, p. 11). At this stage this is sufficient to state a colorable
Eighth Amendment claim.
Plaintiff has sufficiently pled a deliberate indifference claim against Adkins, the warden at
Danville. Plaintiff alleges that Adkins is aware that he is being denied medical treatment for his
knee based on “numerous emergency grievances that have been filed and sent to her,” and she has
failed to act to rectify the situation. (Doc. 1, p. 21). See Arnett v. Webster, 658 F. 3d 742, 755-56
(7th Cir. 2011).

Count 2
After Plaintiff injured his shoulder on February 2, 2022, Plaintiff was seen by Luking,
Wise, Thomann, and Dr. EK. Count 2 will proceed against Luking and Wise for failing to properly
and timely treat his shoulder injury. Count 2 will also proceed against Dr. EK for deliberate

2 Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570.
indifference to Plaintiff’s shoulder injury before and after surgery.
Count 2 will be dismissed, however, against Thomann, the physical therapist. Other than
disagreeing with Thomann on her treatment decisions, the allegations in the Complaint are not
sufficient for the Court to reasonably infer that Thomann acted with deliberate indifference

towards Plaintiff’s shoulder condition. (Doc. 1, p. 11). Plaintiff was refusing to do the exercises
and so asking him to leave was not unreasonable. See Pyles v. Fahim, 771 F.3d 403, 409 (7th Cir.
2014).
Count 2 will proceed against Cunningham, the health care unit administrator at Lawrence.
Plaintiff states that he submitted several requests to the health care unit requesting a medical
appointment for his shoulder and was never seen. He also asserts that he wrote to Cunningham
about his shoulder and received no response. (Doc. 1, p. 9-11). Furthermore, one of Plaintiff’s
specialists was unable to contact the health care unit regarding Plaintiff’s care, and Plaintiff’s sister
eventually had to pass on the message that Plaintiff needed immediate care for his shoulder. (Id.
at p. 12). These allegations are sufficient for the Court to infer that Cunningham knew Plaintiff

was in need of further treatment for his shoulder and that her inaction amounted to deliberate
indifference. Perez v. Fenoglio, 792 F.3d 768, 776 (7th Cir. 2015).
Count 2 is dismissed as to the remaining Defendants – Pittman, Shah, Adkins, Chacon,
Lahey, Mary, and Darnell. Plaintiff does not describe any involvement on the part of these
individuals in the medical treatment of his shoulder.
Count 3
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), “no qualified individual with a
disability shall, because of that disability . . . be denied the benefits of the services, programs, or
activities of a public entity, or be subjected to discrimination by any such entity.” 42 U.S.C. §

12132 (2006). The Rehabilitation Act (RA) likewise prohibits discrimination against qualified
individuals based on a physical or mental disability. See 29 U.S.C. §§ 794-94e. The analysis under
the ADA and the RA is the same, except that the RA includes as an additional requirement the
receipt of federal funds, which all states accept for their prisons. Jaros v. Ill. Dep’t of Corr., 684
F.3d 667, 671 (7th Cir. 2012) (citing 29 U.S.C. § 705(2)(B)). Discrimination under both includes

the failure to accommodate a disability. Jaros, 684 F.3d at 672 (citation omitted).
Plaintiff has stated an ADA/RA claim for failure to accommodate his disability by
providing him with a knee brace. As the proper defendant is the agency or an individual in his or
her official capacity, Count 3 will proceed against Director Hughes in her official capacity and is
dismissed as to all other defendants. See Jaros, 684 F. 3d at 670 n. 2; Brown v. Misner, 2024 WL
328910, at *2 (E.D. Wisc. Jan. 29, 2024) (noting that the remainder of defendants cannot be sued
under the ADA/RA in their personal capacities and an ADA/RA claim against the “remainder of
the defendants in their ‘official’ capacity would be redundant…”) (citations omitted).
Counts 4 and 5
“First Amendment retaliation cases require the [plaintiff] to show that the speech or activity

was constitutionally protected, a deprivation occurred to deter the protected speech or activity, and
the speech or activity was at least a motivating factor in the decision to take retaliatory action.”
Manuel v. Nalley, 966 F.3d 678, 680 (7th Cir. 2020). “The ‘motivating factor’ amounts to a causal
link between the activity and the unlawful retaliation.” Id. (citation omitted).
Plaintiff has stated enough facts for the Court to reasonably infer that Thomann confiscated
his cane and Dr. EK refused to evaluate him for nerve or spine damage because he complained
about his medical care. Counts 4 and 5 survive preliminary review.
TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER AND PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
Plaintiff seeks a temporary restraining order (TRO) requiring Defendants to (1) arrange

for him to be transferred to a facility that can accommodate his disability and provide him with a
proper ACL brace; and (2) provide him with the medical treatment that he has been refused since
transferring to Danville. (Doc. 2, p. 10). Plaintiff also asks for a preliminary injunction requiring
Defendants to return to him the ACL brace that was confiscated by Darnell when he returned from
the orthopedic specialist in April 2024 and to implement the treatment plan for his knee as

recommended by the orthopedic specialist. (Id.).
To obtain preliminary injunctive relief, whether through a TRO or preliminary injunction,
Plaintiff must demonstrate that (1) his underlying case has some likelihood of success; (2) no
adequate remedy at law exists; and (3) he will suffer irreparable harm without the relief. Merritte
v. Kessel, 561 F. App’x 546, 548 (7th Cir. 2014) (citations omitted).
Without expressing any opinion on the merits of any of Plaintiff’s other claims for relief,
the Court concludes that a TRO should not be issued in this matter. The Prison Litigation Reform
Act requires that any grant of prospective relief, including TROs, “shall extend no further than
necessary to correct the violation of the Federal right of a particular plaintiff or plaintiffs” and
cannot issue “unless the court finds that such relief is narrowly drawn, extends no further than

necessary to correct the violation of the Federal right, and is the least intrusive means necessary to
correct the violation of the Federal right.” 18 U.S.C. § 3626. Federal courts must exercise equitable
restraint when asked to take over the administration of a prison, something that is best left to
correctional officials and their staff. See Sandin v. Conner, 515 U.S. 472, 482 (1995); Rizzo v.
Goode, 423 U.S. 362, 379 (1976). Plaintiff was seen by an orthopedic doctor on April 1, 2024
(Doc. 2, p. 38), and offered a brace upon his return from the appointment. Although he claims this
brace his deficient and continues to not receive proper care, Plaintiff is receiving some treatment,
and he has not demonstrated that “irreparable injury, loss, or damage will result…before the
adverse party can be heard in opposition.” FED. R. CIV. P. 65(b)(1)(A). Accordingly, the Court will

not order Defendants to transfer Plaintiff or to provide him with a specific type of ACL brace or
medical care before they have had a chance to respond to the motion. The request for a TRO is
DENIED.
The Court finds it concerning, however, that more than one specialist has concluded that
Plaintiff is in need of a knee brace and/or surgery, years have passed, and Plaintiff has received

neither treatment option. Therefore, his request for a preliminary injunction will remain pending
until Defendants have been served. Defendants are directed respond to the request for a preliminary
injunction within 14 days of service of the pleadings in this case, at which point the Court will
determine the need for a hearing on the motion requesting a preliminary injunction.
MOTION FOR RECRUITMENT OF COUNSEL
Plaintiff has filed a motion asking the Court to recruit counsel to represent him in this
matter. (Doc. 4). Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(1), the Court “may request an attorney to
represent any person unable to afford counsel.” When faced with a motion for recruitment of
counsel, the Court applies a two-part test: “(1) has the indigent plaintiff made a reasonable attempt
to obtain counsel or been effectively precluded from doing so; and if so, (2) given the difficulty of

the case, does the plaintiff appear competent to litigate it himself?” Pruitt v. Mote, 503 F.3d 647,
654 (7th Cir. 2007).
Here Plaintiff has provided copies of letters from several firms declining to take his case.
Thus, he has met his threshold burden of making a reasonable attempt to find counsel himself prior
to seeking assistance from the Court. Plaintiff, however, does not provide any reasons for why he
is in need of counsel, and the Court finds that he is capable of proceeding pro se. Plaintiff’s initial
filings are coherent, well written, and include supporting exhibits and legal citations. He appears
more than capable of adhering to court-imposed deadlines, conducting initial discovery, and
otherwise litigating this matter on his own at this early stage. Should his situation change as the
case proceeds, Plaintiff may file another motion setting forth all facts that support his request for
relief. For these reasons, the motion is DENIED.
DISPOSITION
For the reasons stated above, the Complaint survives preliminary review pursuant to

Section 1915A. COUNT 1 shall proceed against Pittman, Shah, Wise, Luking, Thomann,
Cunningham, Adkins, EK, Chacon, Lahey, Mary, and Darnell. COUNT 2 shall proceed against
Wise, Luking, Cunningham, and EK but is dismissed without prejudice as to Pittman, Shah,
Thomann, Adkins, Chacon, Lahey, Mary, and Darnell. COUNT 3 shall proceed against Hughes
in her official capacity and is dismissed as to all other Defendants. COUNT 4 shall proceed against
Thomann. COUNT 5 shall proceed against EK. The Clerk of Court SHALL TERMINATE
Wexford Health Sources, Inc., Brookhart, and Jane Does 1 and 2 as parties on the docket, as there
are no surviving claims against them.
Because Plaintiff claims involve his medical care, the Clerk of Court is DIRECTED to
ENTER the standard qualified protective order pursuant to the Health Insurance Portability and

Accountability Act.
The Clerk of Court shall prepare for Pittman, Shah, Wise, Luking, Thomann, Cunningham,
Hughes, Adkins, EK, Chacon, Lahey, Mary, and Darnell the following: (1) Form 5 (Notice of a
Lawsuit and Request to Waive Service of a Summons), and (2) Form 6 (Waiver of Service of
Summons). The Clerk is directed to mail these forms, a copy of the Complaint and this
Memorandum and Order to the defendants’ place of employment. If a defendant fails to sign and
return the Waiver of Service of Summons (Form 6) to the Clerk within 30 days from the date the
forms were sent, the Clerk shall take appropriate steps to effect formal service on the defendant,
and the Court will require the defendant to pay the full costs of formal service, to the extent

authorized by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
If a defendant can no longer be found at the work address provided by Plaintiff, the
employer shall furnish the Clerk with the defendant’s current work address, or, if not known, his
or her last known address. This information shall be used only for sending the forms as directed
above or for formally effecting service. Any documentation of the address shall be retained only

by the Clerk. Address information shall not be maintained in the court file or disclosed by the
Clerk.
Defendants are ORDERED to file an appropriate responsive pleading to the Complaint in
a timely manner and shall not waive filing a reply pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(g). Pursuant to
Administrative Order No. 244, Defendants only need to respond to the issues stated in this
Merit Review Order.
Finally, Plaintiff is ADVISED that he is under a continuing obligation to keep the Clerk
of Court and each opposing party informed of any change in his address; the Court will not
independently investigate his whereabouts. This shall be done in writing and not later than 14 days
after a transfer or other change in address occurs. Failure to comply with this order will cause a

delay in the transmission of court documents and may result in dismissal of this action for want of
prosecution. See FED. R. CIV. P. 41(b).
IT IS SO ORDERED.

DATED: July 1, 2024

s/Stephen P. McGlynn
STEPHEN P. MCGLYNN
United States District Judge
NOTICE TO PLAINTIFF

The Court will take the necessary steps to notify the appropriate defendants of your lawsuit and
serve them with a copy of your complaint. After service has been achieved, the defendants will
enter their appearance and file an Answer to the complaint. It will likely take at least 60 days from
the date of this Order to receive the defendants’ Answers, but it is entirely possible that it will take
90 days or more. When all of the defendants have filed Answers, the Court will enter a Scheduling
Order containing important information on deadlines, discovery, and procedures. Plaintiff is
advised to wait until counsel has appeared for the defendants before filing any motions, to give the
defendants notice and an opportunity to respond to those motions. Motions filed before defendants’
counsel has filed an appearance will generally be denied as premature. Plaintiff need not submit
any evidence to the Court at his time, unless otherwise directed by the Court.

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10646043. Public record. Not legal advice.