# Feikema v. Social Security Administration Commissioner

> District Court, W.D. Arkansas · September 25, 2023

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10632836

## Case

- **Court:** District Court, W.D. Arkansas
- **Decided:** September 25, 2023
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

## Citator (automated)

- No negative treatment found by the automated citator. That is not the same as a confirmation that the case is good law; read the citing cases.
- Full citator and citing cases: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10632836

## How later opinions describe it (automated extraction)

- recognizing an ALJ may discount a “claimant’s subjective complaints . . . if there are inconsistencies in the record as a whole”

## Opinion text

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
WESTERN DISTRICT OF ARKANSAS
FORT SMITH DIVISION

COREY FEIKEMA PLAINTIFF

vs. Civil No. 2:23-cv-02049

COMMISSIONER, SOCIAL
SECURITY ADMINISTRATION DEFENDANT

REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION
OF THE UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

Corey Feikema (“Plaintiff”) brings this action pursuant to § 205(g) of Title II of the Social
Security Act (“The Act”), 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) (2010), seeking judicial review of a final decision of
the Commissioner of the Social Security Administration (“SSA”) denying his application for
Disability Insurance Benefits (“DIB”) under Title II of the Act.
Pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1) and (3) (2009), the Honorable Susan O.
Hickey referred this case to this Court for the purpose of making a report and recommendation. In
accordance with that referral, and after reviewing the arguments in this case, this Court recommends
Plaintiff’s case be AFFIRMED.
1. Background:
Plaintiff filed his disability application on October 9, 2019. (Tr. 13).1 In his application,
Plaintiff alleges being disabled due to kyphoscoliosis, high blood pressure, PTSD, depression,
anxiety, bipolar disease, sleep apnea, ADHD and osteoarthritis. (Tr. 285). Plaintiff alleged an onset

1 The docket numbers for this case are referenced by the designation “ECF No. ___.” The
transcript pages for this case are referenced by the designation “Tr.” and refer to the document
filed at ECF No. 7. These references are to the page number of the transcript itself not the ECF
page number.
date of March 23, 2017. (Tr. 13). Plaintiff’s application was denied initially and again upon
reconsideration. Id.
Plaintiff requested an administrative hearing on his denied application, and this hearing
request was granted. (Tr. 152-235). This hearing was held on January 7, 2021, and a supplemental
hearing was held on December 15, 2021. (Tr. 33-95). At these hearings, Plaintiff was present, and
represented by Laura McKinnon. Id. Plaintiff and Vocational Experts (“VE”) Jim Spragins and

Howard Marnan testified at the hearings. Id.
The ALJ entered an unfavorable decision on March 8, 2022. (Tr. 13-25). In this decision,
the ALJ determined Plaintiff met the insured status of the Act through March 31, 2022. (Tr. 16,
Finding 1). The ALJ also found Plaintiff had not engaged in substantial gainful activity (“SGA”)
since March 23, 2017. (Tr. 16, Finding 2).
The ALJ determined Plaintiff had severe impairments of obesity, Scheuermann’s kyphosis
and degenerative spinal changes, dorsalgia, osteoarthritis and degenerative joint disease, right knee
chondromalacia, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic pain syndrome, patellar tendinitis, hypertension,
major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, unspecified personality disorder, attention-

deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). (Tr. 16, Finding
3). Despite being severe, the ALJ determined those impairments did not meet or medically equal
the requirements of any of the Listings of Impairments in 20 CFR Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1
(“Listings”). (Tr. 16, Finding 4).
The ALJ considered Plaintiff’s subjective complaints and determined his RFC. (Tr. 18-23).
The ALJ evaluated Plaintiff’s subjective complaints and found the claimed limitations were not
entirely consistent with the medical evidence and other evidence in the record. Id. The ALJ also
determined Plaintiff retained the RFC to perform sedentary work except can occasionally climb,
balance, stoop, kneel, crouch, and crawl; can frequently, but not constantly, reach and handle; must
avoid concentrated exposure to temperature extremes, humidity, and hazards such as unprotected
heights, dangerous moving machinery, and driving; and work involving occasional incidental
impersonal contact with coworkers, supervisors, and the public, where tasks are learned and
performed by rote, involve few variables, and require little judgment, and the supervision is simple,
direct, and concrete. Id.
The ALJ then evaluated Plaintiff’s Past Relevant Work (“PRW”). (Tr. 23, Finding 6). The

ALJ determined Plaintiff was not capable of performing his PRW. Id. However, the ALJ found
there were jobs in significant numbers in the national economy that Plaintiff could perform. (Tr.
24, Finding 10). With the help of the VE, the ALJ found Plaintiff could perform the representative
occupations of (1) document preparer with approximately 15,000 jobs in the nation, (2) cutter and
paster with approximately 9,000 jobs in the nation, and (3) labeler with approximately 4,000 jobs in
the nation. Id. Based upon this finding, the ALJ determined Plaintiff had not been disabled under
the Act. (Tr. 24, Finding 11).
On April 5, 2023, Plaintiff filed the present appeal. ECF No. 1. Both Parties have filed
appeal briefs. ECF Nos. 9, 11. This case is now ready for decision.

2. Applicable Law:
In reviewing this case, this Court is required to determine whether the Commissioner’s
findings are supported by substantial evidence on the record as a whole. See 42 U.S.C. § 405(g)
(2010); Ramirez v. Barnhart, 292 F.3d 576, 583 (8th Cir. 2002). Substantial evidence is less than a
preponderance of the evidence, but it is enough that a reasonable mind would find it adequate to
support the Commissioner’s decision. See Johnson v. Apfel, 240 F.3d 1145, 1147 (8th Cir. 2001).
As long as there is substantial evidence in the record that supports the Commissioner’s decision, the
Court may not reverse it simply because substantial evidence exists in the record that would have
supported a contrary outcome or because the Court would have decided the case differently. See
Haley v. Massanari, 258 F.3d 742, 747 (8th Cir. 2001). If, after reviewing the record, it is possible
to draw two inconsistent positions from the evidence and one of those positions represents the
findings of the ALJ, the decision of the ALJ must be affirmed. See Young v. Apfel, 221 F.3d 1065,
1068 (8th Cir. 2000).
It is well-established that a claimant for Social Security disability benefits has the burden of
proving his or her disability by establishing a physical or mental disability that lasted at least one

year and that prevents him or her from engaging in any substantial gainful activity. See Cox v. Apfel,
160 F.3d 1203, 1206 (8th Cir. 1998); 42 U.S.C. §§ 423(d)(1)(A), 1382c(a)(3)(A). The Act defines
a “physical or mental impairment” as “an impairment that results from anatomical, physiological,
or psychological abnormalities which are demonstrable by medically acceptable clinical and
laboratory diagnostic techniques.” 42 U.S.C. §§ 423(d)(3), 1382(3)(c). A plaintiff must show that
his or her disability, not simply his or her impairment, has lasted for at least twelve consecutive
months. See 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A).
To determine whether the adult claimant suffers from a disability, the Commissioner uses
the familiar five-step sequential evaluation. He determines: (1) whether the claimant is presently

engaged in a “substantial gainful activity”; (2) whether the claimant has a severe impairment that
significantly limits the claimant’s physical or mental ability to perform basic work activities; (3)
whether the claimant has an impairment that meets or equals a presumptively disabling impairment
listed in the regulations (if so, the claimant is disabled without regard to age, education, and work
experience); (4) whether the claimant has the Residual Functional Capacity (RFC) to perform his or
her past relevant work; and (5) if the claimant cannot perform the past work, the burden shifts to the
Commissioner to prove that there are other jobs in the national economy that the claimant can
perform. See Cox, 160 F.3d at 1206; 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(a)-(f). The fact finder only considers
the plaintiff’s age, education, and work experience in light of his or her RFC if the final stage of this
analysis is reached. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520, 416.920 (2003).
3. Discussion:
In his appeal brief, Plaintiff claims the ALJ’s disability decision is not supported by
substantial evidence in the record. ECF No. 9. In making this claim, Plaintiff raises the following
arguments for reversal: (A) the ALJ failed to fully and fairly develop the record, (B) the ALJ erred

in assessing his subjective allegations, (C) the ALJ erred in his RFC determination, and (D) the ALJ
erred at Step 5. Id. The Court will consider each of these arguments.
A. Duty to Develop the Record
The ALJ has the duty to fully and fairly develop the record, even where the Plaintiff is
represented by counsel. If a physician’s report of a claimant’s limitations are stated only generally,
the ALJ should ask the physician to clarify and explain the stated limitations. See Vaughn v.
Heckler, 741 F. 2d 177,179 (8th Cir. 1984). Furthermore, the ALJ is required to order medical
examinations and tests if the medical records presented do not provide sufficient medical evidence
to determine the nature and extent of a claimant’s limitations and impairments. See Barrett v.
Shalala, 38 F. 3d 1019, 1023 (8th Cir. 1994). The ALJ must develop the record until the evidence

is sufficiently clear to make a fair determination as to whether the claimant is disabled. See Landess
v. Weinberger, 490 F. 2d 1187, 1189 (8th Cir. 1974). In addition, a claimant must show not only
that the ALJ failed to fully and fairly develop the record, but he must also show that he was
prejudiced or treated unfairly by the ALJ's failure. See Onstad v. Shalala, 999 F.2d 1232, 1234 (8th
Cir. 1993).
Plaintiff argues the ALJ erred by failing to fully develop the medical record regarding
Plaintiff’s alleged impairments and should have required an additional consultative examination.
ECF No. 9, Pgs. 6-9. Defendant argues substantial evidence shows the ALJ met his duty to fully
and fairly develop the record. ECF No. 11, Pgs. 5-8.
Initially the Court notes Plaintiff has failed to establish that the medical records presented
did not provide sufficient medical evidence to determine the nature and extent of his limitations and
impairments. See Barrett v. Shalala, 38 F. 3d 1019, 1023 (8th Cir. 1994). While the ALJ has an
independent duty to develop the record in a social security disability hearing, the ALJ is not required

“to seek additional clarifying statements from a treating physician unless a crucial issue is
undeveloped.” Stormo v. Barnhart, 377 F.3d 801, 806 (8th Cir.2004).
Likewise, the ALJ is not required to order a consultative evaluation of every alleged
impairment; he simply has the authority to do so if the existing medical sources do not contain
sufficient evidence to make an informed decision. See Matthews v. Bowen, 879 F.2d 422, 424 (8th
Cir.1989). Thus, the proper inquiry for this Court is not whether a consultative examination should
have been ordered; rather, it is whether the record contained sufficient evidence for the ALJ to make
an informed decision. See id.; see also Payton v. Shalala, 25 F.3d 684, 686 (8th Cir.1994). in this
case there is nothing which establishes the record was inadequate for the ALJ to make his decision.

The medical record included treating physician records, clinic records, physical exam reports,
diagnostic evaluations, and case analysis provided an adequate record for the ALJ’s decision.
Further, Plaintiff must not only show the ALJ failed to fully and fairly develop the record,
but that he was prejudiced or treated unfairly by the ALJ’s alleged failure to develop the record.
Plaintiff has not set forth any evidence showing had the ALJ requested additional consultative
examinations, the ALJ would have arrived at a different decision.
Accordingly, Plaintiff has failed to demonstrate that the record was not fully developed and
that he was prejudiced by any perceived failure to develop the record.
B. Subjective Allegations
Plaintiff claims the ALJ erred in evaluating his subjective allegations of disability. ECF No.
9, Pgs. 10-12. In assessing the subjective allegations of a claimant, the ALJ is required to examine
and to apply the five factors from Polaski v. Heckler, 739 F.2d 1320 (8th Cir. 1984) or from 20
C.F.R. § 404.1529 and 20 C.F.R. § 416.929.2 See Shultz v. Astrue, 479 F.3d 979, 983 (2007). The
factors to consider are as follows: (1) the claimant’s daily activities; (2) the duration, frequency, and

intensity of the pain; (3) the precipitating and aggravating factors; (4) the dosage, effectiveness, and
side effects of medication; and (5) the functional restrictions. See Polaski, 739 at 1322.
The factors must be analyzed and considered in light of the claimant’s subjective allegations
of pain. See id. The ALJ is not required to methodically discuss each factor as long as the ALJ
acknowledges and examines these factors prior to discounting the claimant’s subjective allegations.
See Lowe v. Apfel, 226 F.3d 969, 971-72 (8th Cir. 2000). As long as the ALJ properly applies these
five factors and gives several valid reasons for finding that the Plaintiff’s subjective allegations are
not entirely valid, the ALJ’s determination is entitled to deference. See id.; Cox v. Barnhart, 471
F.3d 902, 907 (8th Cir. 2006). The ALJ, however, cannot discount Plaintiff’s subjective allegations

“solely because the objective medical evidence does not fully support them [the subjective
complaints].” Polaski, 739 F.2d at 1322.
When discounting a claimant’s allegations of pain, the ALJ must make a specific evaluation
of a claimant’s subjective allegations, articulating the reasons for discrediting the testimony,

2 Social Security Regulations 20 C.F.R. § 404.1529 and 20 C.F.R. § 416.929 require the analysis
of two additional factors: (1) “treatment, other than medication, you receive or have received for
relief of your pain or other symptoms” and (2) “any measures you use or have used to relieve your
pain or symptoms (e.g., lying flat on your back, standing for 15 to 20 minutes every hour, sleeping
on a board, etc.).” However, under Polaski and its progeny, the Eighth Circuit has not yet required
the analysis of these additional factors. See Shultz v. Astrue, 479 F.3d 979, 983 (2007). Thus, this
Court will not require the analysis of these additional factors in this case.
addressing any inconsistencies, and discussing the Polaski factors. See Baker v. Apfel, 159 F.3d
1140, 1144 (8th Cir. 1998). The inability to work without some pain or discomfort is not a sufficient
reason to find a Plaintiff disabled within the strict definition of the Act. The issue is not the existence
of pain, but whether the pain a Plaintiff experiences precludes the performance of substantial gainful
activity. See Thomas v. Sullivan, 928 F.2d 255, 259 (8th Cir. 1991).
In the present action, the ALJ fully complied with Polaski in his evaluation of Plaintiff’s

subjective allegations. (Tr. 19-23). Indeed, the ALJ opinion outlined Plaintiff’s subjective
allegations and noted inconsistencies between those allegations and the record. Id. The ALJ also
noted his daily activities and set forth reasons for finding them not as limiting as described by
Plaintiff. Id. Furthermore, the ALJ carefully summarized Plaintiff’s medical records and noted how
he was receiving treatment and medication for his impairments that appeared to be effective. Id.
Based upon the Court’s review, there is no basis for reversal on this issue. See, e.g., Guilliams v.
Barnhart, 393 F.3d 798, 801 (8th Cir. 2005) (recognizing an ALJ may discount a “claimant’s
subjective complaints . . . if there are inconsistencies in the record as a whole”).
C. RFC Determination

In this matter, the ALJ determined Plaintiff retained the RFC to perform a reduced range of
sedentary work with additional postural, manipulative, environmental, and mental restrictions. (Tr.
18, Finding 5). Plaintiff argues the ALJ erred in this RFC determination. ECF No. 9, Pgs. 12-16.
However, substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s RFC determination.
Prior to Step Four of the sequential analysis in a disability determination, the ALJ is required
to determine a claimant’s RFC. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iv). This RFC determination must
be based on medical evidence that addresses the claimant’s ability to function in the workplace. See
Stormo v. Barnhart, 377 F.3d 801, 807 (8th Cir. 2004). The ALJ should consider “‘all the evidence
in the record’ in determining the RFC, including ‘the medical records, observations of treating
physicians and others, and an individual’s own description of his limitations.’” Stormo v. Barnhart,
377 F.3d 801, 807 (8th Cir. 2004) (quoting Krogmeier v. Barnhart, 294 F.3d 1019 (8th Cir. 2002)).
The Plaintiff has the burden of producing documents and evidence to support his or her claimed
RFC. See Cox, 160 F.3d at1206; 42 U.S.C. §§ 423(d)(1)(A), 1382c(a)(3)(A). The mere fact a
claimant has a long list of medical conditions does not demonstrate that person is disabled; instead,
the RFC determination is a function-by-function analysis. See SSR 96-8P, 1996 WL 374184 (July

2, 1996). “The RFC assessment considers only functional limitations and restrictions that result
from an individual’s medically determinable impairment or combination of impairments, including
the impact of any related symptoms.” Id.
The ALJ, however, bears the primary responsibility for making the RFC determination and
for ensuring there is “some medical evidence” regarding the claimant’s “ability to function in the
workplace” that supports the RFC determination. Lauer v. Apfel, 245 F.3d 700, 703-04 (8th Cir.
2001). Furthermore, this Court is required to affirm the ALJ’s RFC determination if that
determination is supported by substantial evidence on the record as a whole. See McKinney v. Apfel,
228 F.3d 860, 862 (8th Cir. 2000).

Based upon this standard and a review of Plaintiff’s records and allegations in this case, the
Court cannot find Plaintiff has demonstrated having any greater limitations than those found by the
ALJ. The ALJ provided a thorough summary of Plaintiff’s medical records and subjective
complaints in this matter. The mere fact Plaintiff suffers from a number of impairments does not
demonstrate he has more limitations than those found in the RFC assessment above.
In his opinion, the ALJ considered Plaintiff’s alleged impairments and discounted those he
found were not credible. (Tr. 19-23). The ALJ considered the results of objective diagnostic tests
and examination findings and discussed these in his decision. Id. The ALJ also considered the
findings of medical consultants and considered Plaintiff’s testimony and function reports in
assessing his RFC. Id.
Substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s RFC determination. Plaintiff has the burden of
establishing his claimed RFC. See Goff v. Barnhart, 421 F.3d 785, 790 (8th Cir. 2005) (quoting
Eichelberger v. Barnhart, 390 F.3d 584, 590 (8th Cir. 2004)). Because Plaintiff has not met this
burden in this case and because the ALJ’s RFC determination is supported by sufficient medical

evidence, this Court finds the ALJ’s RFC determination should be affirmed.
D. Step Five Determination
Plaintiff claims the ALJ’s Step Five Determination is not supported by substantial evidence
in the record. ECF No. 9 at 16-18. As outlined above, however, the ALJ’s RFC determination is
supported by substantial evidence in the record. The VE then testified based upon that RFC
determination. Testimony from a vocational expert based upon a properly phrased hypothetical
question constitutes substantial evidence supporting the ALJ’s decision. See Milam v. Colvin, 794
F.3d 978, 985-86 (8th Cir. 2015). Because the ALJ’s RFC determination was proper, the
hypothetical based upon that RFC determination was also proper, and the ALJ was permitted to rely
on the VE’s response to that properly-phrased hypothetical.
4. Conclusion:

Based on the foregoing, the undersigned finds that the decision of the ALJ, denying benefits
to Plaintiff, is supported by substantial evidence and recommends it be AFFIRMED.
The Parties have fourteen (14) days from receipt of this Report and Recommendation
in which to file written objections pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). The failure to file timely
objections may result in waiver of the right to appeal questions of fact. The Parties are
reminded that objections must be both timely and specific to trigger de novo review by the

district court. See Thompson v. Nix, 897 F.2d 356, 357 (8th Cir. 1990).
ENTERED this 25th day of September 2023.

Barry A. Bryant
/s/
HON. BARRY A. BRYANT
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10632836. Public record. Not legal advice.