# Terry v. Robinett (MAG+)

> District Court, M.D. Alabama · August 23, 2021

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10630396

## Case

- **Court:** District Court, M.D. Alabama
- **Decided:** August 23, 2021
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

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## Opinion text

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF ALABAMA
NORTHERN DIVISION

STACY TERRY, )
)
v. ) NO. 2:20-cv-01058-RAH-SRW
)
MATT W. ROBINETT, et al., )
)
Defendants. )

REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION1
Before the court are the following motions: Defendants Lowe’s Home Centers, LLC,
Christopher B. Owens, and Joseph E. Stott’s motion to dismiss (Doc. 13); Defendants Henry Lewis
Gillis and Kristen Gillis’s motion to dismiss or, in the alternative, for more definite statement (Doc.
20); Defendant Judge Johnny Hardwick’s motion to dismiss (Doc. 22); Defendant Judge Brooke
Reid’s motion to dismiss (Doc. 23); Defendant Judge Tiffany McCord’s motion to dismiss (Doc.
24); Defendant Judge Gregg Griffin’s motion to dismiss (Doc. 25); Defendant Judge J.R. Gaines’s
motion to dismiss (Doc. 26); Defendant Matthew W. Robinett’s motion to dismiss (Doc. 29);
Defendant The Phoenix Insurance Company’s motion for a more definite statement (Doc. 31) and
motion to dismiss (Doc. 81); Defendant Amanda Beshear Cook’s motion to dismiss or, in the
alternative, motion for summary judgment (Doc. 35); and Defendant C. Mark Bain’s motion to
dismiss (Doc. 42).
For the reasons set forth below, the court concludes that Plaintiff’s complaint is due to be
dismissed without prejudice, that Plaintiff should be granted leave to file an amended complaint,

1 United States District Judge R. Austin Huffaker, Jr., referred this matter to the undersigned
Magistrate Judge for further proceedings and determination or recommendation as may be
appropriate pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636. See Doc. 4.
and that all of Defendants’ motions are due to be denied without prejudice.
I. Introduction and Background
Plaintiff Stacy Terry filed this pro se action against the following defendants: Lowe’s
Home Centers, LLC; Christopher B. Owens; Joseph E. Stott; Henry Lewis Gillis; Kristen Gillis;
Judge Johnny Hardwick; Judge Brooke Reid; Judge Tiffany McCord; Judge Gregg Griffin; Judge
J.R. Gaines; Matthew W. Robinett; The Phoenix Insurance Company; Amanda Beshear Cook; and
C. Mark Bain. Plaintiff alleges that the court has subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C.
§ 1331. The complaint asserts violations of some 48 different federal, state and foreign statutes,

rules, and canons including those relating to civil rights violations under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, breach
of contract, insurance fraud, criminal civil rights violations, wire fraud, criminal identity theft,
consumer law in the United Kingdom, Connecticut civil and criminal statutes of limitations, and
violations of the Alabama Rules of Professional Conduct.
Plaintiff’s complaint consists of 61 paragraphs and attaches 246 exhibits. Throughout her
complaint Plaintiff makes factual allegations but does not tie these specifically to the federal, state,
or local statutes or laws on which Plaintiff relies to assert her claims or specify which allegations
and claims apply to which defendant. The complaint is not divided by counts or causes of action
and indiscriminately groups defendants together. Plaintiff’s claims appear to arise out of previous
litigation in Alabama state court actions and proceedings involving Lowe’s, a used car dealer, an
apartment complex where she previously resided, and at least one lawyer who represented her in
the case against the apartment complex. The confused and vague nature of Plaintiff’s complaint is
best exemplified in her paragraph entitled, “In Closing,” which states:
The Defendant, under the Color of Law, under the Color of State Law in his or her
capacity as officers of the Court, and those Defendants that are governed by Canon
law, is complicit in their unlawful acts, via internet, social network, ex parte
communications, fraud upon the Court, manufactured, forged, altered documents
Court documents, fraudulent claims filed with Medicare (Medicaid), Duress, Legal
Malpractice Insurance, fraud, Breach of Contract under false pretenses, threats,
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intimidation, Identities Theft, harassment, Gross Incompetency, Legal malpractice,
discrimination, accost, conspired in concert to denies the right to Procedural Due
Process, Substantive Due Process, rights that are protected, guaranteed by the
United States Constitutional Amendments.

(Doc. 1, at 19-20).
II. Legal Standards
A. Dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6)
To survive a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P.
12(b)(6), the plaintiff must allege “enough facts to state a claim for relief that is plausible on its
face.” Bell Atlantic Corp., v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). The standard for a motion to
dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6) was explained in Twombly, and refined in Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S.
662, 678 (2009), as follows:
Two working principles underlie our decision in Twombly. First, the tenet that a
court must accept as true all the allegations contained in a complaint is inapplicable
to legal conclusions. Threadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action,
supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice. Rule 8 marks a notable
and generous departure from the hypertechnical, code-pleading regime of a prior
era, but it does not unlock the doors of discovery for a plaintiff armed with nothing
more than conclusions. Second, only a complaint that states a plausible claim for
relief survives a motion to dismiss. Determining whether a complaint states a
plausible claim for relief will … be a context-specific task that requires the
reviewing court to draw on its judicial experience and common sense. But where
the well-pleaded facts do not permit the court to infer more than the mere possibility
of misconduct, the complaint has alleged – but it has not shown – that the pleader
is entitled to relief.
Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678–79 (citations and internal edits omitted).
The Twombly-Iqbal two-step analysis begins “by identifying the allegations in the
complaint that are not entitled to the assumption of truth” because they are conclusory. Id. at 680;
Mamani v. Berzain, 654 F. 3d 1148, 1153 (11th Cir. 2011) (“Following the Supreme Court’s
approach in Iqbal, we begin by identifying conclusory allegations in the Complaint.”). After
conclusory statements are set aside, the Twombly-Iqbal analysis requires the Court to assume the
veracity of well-pleaded factual allegations, and then to determine whether they “possess enough
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heft to set forth ‘a plausible entitlement to relief.’” Mack v. City of High Springs, 486 F. App’x 3,
6 (11th Cir. 2012) (citation omitted.) “To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain
sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face’ …
that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct
alleged.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (citations omitted). Establishing facial plausibility, however,
requires more than stating facts that establish mere possibility. Mamani, 654 F. 3d at 1156 (“The
possibility that—if even a possibility has been alleged effectively—these defendants acted
unlawfully is not enough for a plausible claim.”) (emphasis in original). Plaintiffs are required to

“allege more by way of factual content to nudge [their] claim[s] … across the line from conceivable
to plausible.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 683 (internal editing and citation omitted.).
In ruling on a 12(b)(6) motion, a court may generally consider only allegations contained
in the pleadings, exhibits attached to the complaint, and matters properly subject to judicial notice.
See Grossman v. Nationsbank, N.A., 225 F.3d 1228, 1231 (11th Cir. 2000). In considering a motion
to dismiss, this court accepts all of the allegations in the complaint as true and construes them in
the light most favorable to the plaintiff. See Pielage v. McConnell, 516 F.3d 1282, 1284 (11th Cir.
2008). Moreover, the court “presume[s] that general allegations embrace those specific facts that
are necessary to support the claim.” Nat’l Org. for Women v. Scheidler, 510 U.S. 249, 256 (1994)
(quoting Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 561 (1992)). The court need not, however,
accept legal conclusions couched in the form of factual allegations. See Diverse Power, Inc. v. City
of LaGrange, Georgia, 934 F.3d 1270, 1273 (11th Cir. 2019) (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555).
While pro se complaints are liberally construed and are held “to less stringent standards
than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers,” Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972), “that does
not give ‘a court license to serve as de facto counsel for a party, or to rewrite an otherwise deficient

pleading in order to sustain an action.’” Woodroffe v. Fla. Dep't of Fin. Servs., 774 F. App’x 553,
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554 (11th Cir. 2019) (citation omitted); Beckwith v. Bellsouth Telecommunications Inc., 146 F.
App’x 368, 371 (11th Cir. 2005) (“Although we construe them liberally, pro se complaints also
must comply with the procedural rules that govern pleadings.”).
B. Pleading-Rules 8(a)(2) and 10(b)
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)(2) provides that a complaint must contain “a short
and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P.
8(a)(2). “Each allegation must be simple, concise, and direct.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(d)(1). The purpose
of Rule 8(a)(2)’s pleading requirement is to “‘give the defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim

is and the grounds upon which it rests.’” Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555 (citation omitted). Federal Rule
10(b) requires that “[a] party must state its claims . . . in numbered paragraphs, each limited as far
as practicable to a single set of circumstances,” and that “[i]f doing so would promote clarity, each
claim founded on a separate transaction or occurrence . . . must be stated in a separate count . . . .”
Fed. R. Civ. P. 10(b).
The purpose of [Rule 8(a)(2) and Rule 10(b)] is self-evident, to require the pleader
to present his claims discretely and succinctly, so that, his adversary can discern
what he is claiming and frame a responsive pleading, the court can determine which
facts support which claims and whether the plaintiff has stated any claims upon
which relief can be granted, and, at trial, the court can determine that evidence
which is relevant and that which is not.

Weiland v. Palm Beach Cty. Sheriff’s Office, 792 F.3d 1313, 1320 (11th Cir. 2015) (citation
omitted).
C. Pleading Fraud-Rule 9(b)
Further, when a complaint alleges fraud, Rule 9(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
requires that “[i]n alleging fraud or mistake, a party must state with particularity the circumstances
constituting fraud or mistake. Malice, intent, knowledge, and other conditions of a person’s mind
may be alleged generally.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 9(b). “The particularity rule serves an important purpose
in fraud actions by alerting defendants to the ‘precise misconduct with which they are charged’
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and protecting defendants ‘against spurious charges of immoral and fraudulent behavior.’”
Durham v. Bus. Mgmt. Assocs., 847 F.2d 1505, 1511 (11th Cir. 1988) (citation omitted). According
to the Eleventh Circuit:
Rule 9(b) is satisfied if the complaint sets forth “(1) precisely what statements were
made in what documents or oral representations or what omissions were made, and
(2) the time and place of each such statement and the person responsible for making
(or, in the case of omissions, not making) same, and (3) the content of such
statements and the manner in which they misled the plaintiff, and (4) what the
defendants obtained as a consequence of the fraud.”

Ziemba v. Cascade Int’l, Inc., 256 F.3d 1194, 1202 (11th Cir. 2001) (citation omitted); Am. Dental
Ass’n v. Cigna Corp., 605 F.3d 1283, 1291 (11th Cir. 2010). “Furthermore, Rule 9(b) requires
more than conclusory allegations that certain statements were fraudulent; it requires that a
complaint plead facts giving rise to an inference of fraud.” W. Coast Roofing & Waterproofing,
Inc. v. Johns Manville, Inc., 287 F. App’x 81, 86 (11th Cir. 2008). Thus, while not every element
must be stated with particularity, the plaintiff must plead more than generalized or conclusory
statements setting out the fraud. Knight v. Insulspan, Inc., No. 7:05-CV-02461-LSC, 2008 WL
11422535, at *4 (N.D. Ala. Jan. 17, 2008). “The particularity requirement of Rule 9(b) . . . still
applies to pro se litigants, even though courts generally will allow pro se litigants some leniency.”
Shabazz v. Bank of Am., No. 1:10-CV-0813-RWS-AJB, 2010 WL 11647333, at *12 (N.D. Ga.
Oct. 26, 2010), report and recommendation adopted, No. 1:10-CV-0813-RWS, 2010 WL
11647469 (N.D. Ga. Nov. 29, 2010).
D. Shotgun Pleading
“Complaints that violate either Rule 8(a)(2) or Rule 10(b), or both, are often disparagingly
referred to as ‘shotgun pleadings.’” Weiland, 792 F.3d at 1320. “Courts in the Eleventh Circuit
have little tolerance for shotgun pleadings.” Vibe Micro, Inc. v. Shabanets, 878 F.3d 1291, 1295
(11th Cir. 2018); Nurse v. Sheraton Atlanta Hotel, 618 F. App’x 987, 990 (11th Cir. 2015) (“We
have condemned shotgun pleadings for decades.”). “A shotgun pleading is one where ‘it is
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virtually impossible to know which allegations of fact are intended to support which claim(s) for
relief.’” Nurse, 618 F. App’x at 990 (quoting Anderson v. Dist. Bd. of Trs. of Cent. Fla. Cmty.
Coll., 77 F.3d 364, 366 (11th Cir. 1996)); Lampkin-Asam v. Volusia Cnty. Sch. Bd., 261 F. App’x
274, 277 (11th Cir. 2008) (citation omitted) (“A complaint that fails to articulate claims with
sufficient clarity to allow the defendant to frame a responsive pleading constitutes a ‘shotgun
pleading.’”). Shotgun pleadings present courts with “‘the cumbersome task of sifting through
myriad claims, many of which [may be] foreclosed by [various] defenses.’” Anderson, 77 F.3d at
367 (citation omitted); Beckwith, 146 F. App’x at 372 (citation omitted) (“We do not require the

district court, or the defendants, to ‘sift through the facts presented and decide for [itself] which
were material to the particular cause of action asserted.’”); Byrne v. Nezhat, 261 F.3d 1075, 1130
(11th Cir. 2001), abrogated on other grounds by Bridge v. Phoenix Bond & Indem. Co., 553 U.S.
639 (2008), as recognized in Tarcoronte v. Cohen, 654 F. App’x 445, 449 (11th Cir. 2016)
(“[S]hotgun pleadings wreak havoc on the judicial system.”). “Such pleadings divert already
stretched judicial resources into disputes that are not structurally prepared to use those resources
efficiently.” Wagner v. First Horizon Pharm. Corp., 464 F.3d 1273, 1279 (11th Cir. 2006); PVC
Windoors, Inc. v. Babbitbay Beach Const., N.V., 598 F.3d 802, 806 n.4 (11th Cir. 2010) (“Shotgun
pleadings impede the administration of the district courts’ civil dockets in countless ways. The
district court, faced with a crowded docket and ‘whose time is constrained by the press of other
business, is unable to squeeze the case down to its essentials.’”) (citation omitted). “Experience
teaches that, unless cases are pled clearly and precisely, issues are not joined, discovery is not
controlled, the trial court’s docket becomes unmanageable, the litigants suffer, and society loses
confidence in the court’s ability to administer justice.” Anderson, 77 F.3d at 367.
The Eleventh Circuit has identified four types of shotgun pleadings: (1) pleadings that

“contain[ ] multiple counts where each count adopts the allegations of all preceding counts, causing
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each successive count to carry all that came before and the last count to be a combination of the
entire complaint;” (2) pleadings that are “guilty of the venial sin of being replete with conclusory,
vague, and immaterial facts not obviously connected to any particular cause of action;” (3)
pleadings that “commit[ ] the sin of not separating into a different count each cause of action or
claim for relief;” and (4) pleadings that commit “the relatively rare sin of asserting multiple claims
against multiple defendants without specifying which of the defendants are responsible for which
acts or omissions, or which of the defendants the claim is brought against.” Weiland, 792 F.3d at
1321-23 (footnotes omitted).

“Under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, a defendant faced with a [shotgun] complaint
. . . is not expected to frame a responsive pleading. Rather, the defendant is expected to move the
court, pursuant to Rule 12(e), to require the plaintiff to file a more definite statement.” Anderson,
77 F.3d at 366; see Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(e) (“A party may move for a more definite statement of a
pleading to which a responsive pleading is allowed but which is so vague or ambiguous that the
party cannot reasonably prepare a response.”). “[I]f, in the face of a shotgun complaint, the
defendant does not move the district court to require a more definite statement, the court, in the
exercise of its inherent power, must intervene sua sponte and order a repleader.” Byrne, 261 F.3d
at 1133. “A district court has the ‘inherent authority to control its docket and ensure the prompt
resolution of lawsuits,’ which includes the ability to dismiss a complaint on shotgun pleading
grounds.” Vibe Micro, 878 F.3d at 1295 (citation omitted). “‘This is so even when the other party
does not move to strike the pleading.’” Novero v. Duke Energy, 753 F. App’x 759, 765 (11th Cir.
2018) (quoting Jackson v. Bank of Am., N.A., 898 F.3d 1348, 1358 (11th Cir. 2018)). “This
authority includes the ability to strike sua sponte a complaint that does not comply with the
pleading standards in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a) and to order the plaintiff to file an

amended complaint curing the deficiencies.” Adeniji v. Att’y Gen. Middle Dist. of Fla., 786 F.
8
App’x 1002 (11th Cir. 2019) (citing Vibe Micro, 878 F.3d at 1295); see also Wagner, 464 F.3d at
1280 (“Given the district court’s proper conclusions that the complaint was a shotgun pleading
and that plaintiffs[ ] failed to connect their causes of action to the facts alleged [in a manner
sufficient to satisfy Rule 9(b)], the proper remedy was to order repleading sua sponte.”).
“[I]n a case in which a party, plaintiff or defendant, files a shotgun pleading, the district
court ‘should strike the [pleading] and instruct [the party] to replead the case—if [the party] could
in good faith make the representations required by Fed. R. Civ. P. 11(b).’” Jackson, 898 F.3d at
1357 (citation omitted).2, 3 “This initial repleading order comes with an implicit ‘notion that if the

2 Rule 11(b) provides:

By presenting to the court a pleading, written motion, or other paper--whether by
signing, filing, submitting, or later advocating it--an attorney or unrepresented party
certifies that to the best of the person's knowledge, information, and belief, formed
after an inquiry reasonable under the circumstances:

(1) it is not being presented for any improper purpose, such as to harass, cause
unnecessary delay, or needlessly increase the cost of litigation;

(2) the claims, defenses, and other legal contentions are warranted by existing law
or by a nonfrivolous argument for extending, modifying, or reversing existing law
or for establishing new law;

(3) the factual contentions have evidentiary support or, if specifically so identified,
will likely have evidentiary support after a reasonable opportunity for further
investigation or discovery; and

(4) the denials of factual contentions are warranted on the evidence or, if
specifically so identified, are reasonably based on belief or a lack of information.

Fed. R. Civ. P. 11(b).

3 In Isaac v. United States, 809 F. App’x 595 (11th Cir. 2020), the Eleventh Circuit found that the
district court abused its discretion when it dismissed without prejudice the pro se plaintiff’s
complaint sua sponte because it failed to give the plaintiff an opportunity to replead his claims. Id.
at 599. The Court cited Vibe Micro, 878 F.3d at 1295-96 for the proposition that “district courts
should give litigants one opportunity to remedy a deficient pleading,” noting that “[w]hile this
Court said that Vibe Micro applied to counseled parties, there is no indication that it would not
apply to pro se litigants, especially since pro se parties are entitled to more leniency.” Isaac, 809
F. App’x at 599.
9
plaintiff fails to comply with the court’s order—by filing a repleader with the same deficiency—
the court should strike his pleading or, depending on the circumstances, dismiss his case and
consider the imposition of monetary sanctions.’” Vibe Micro, 878 F.3d at 1295 (citation omitted).
Also, “[i]n the repleading order, the district court should explain how the offending pleading
violates the shotgun pleading rule so that the party may properly avoid future shotgun pleadings.”
Id. at 1296. “A chance to amend a complaint does not need to come in the form of a dismissal
without prejudice or the striking of a portion of the complaint’s allegations. It can also be
accomplished by ordering the party to file a more definite statement. . . . [T]he key is whether the

plaintiff had fair notice of the defects and a meaningful chance to fix them.” Jackson, 898 F.3d at
1358.
III. Discussion
Defendants have filed their respective motions to dismiss under various grounds. However,
in addition to their motions to dismiss for failure to state a claim, some defendants, namely Henry
Gillis, Kristen Gillis, Judge Hardwick, Judge Reid, Judge McCord, Judge Griffin, Judge Gaines,
and The Phoenix Insurance Company, have also moved for a more definite statement. See Docs.
20; 22, at 4; 23, at 4; 24, at 4; 25, at 4; 26, at 4; and 31. Although Plaintiff did not file a separate
motion seeking leave to amend her complaint, she has requested in some of her responses the
opportunity to do so. See Docs. 37, at 2; 38, at 8.
Plaintiff’s 21-page, 61-numbered paragraph complaint with 246 exhibits is a textbook
example of a shotgun pleading, as the complaint is “replete with conclusory, vague, and immaterial
facts not obviously connected to any particular cause of action”; does not separate “into a different
count each cause of action or claim for relief”; and asserts “multiple claims against multiple
defendants without specifying which of the defendants are responsible for which acts or omissions,

or which of the defendants the claim is brought against.” Weiland, 792 F.3d at 1322-23. At the
10
beginning of her complaint, Plaintiff names numerous federal and state statutes, rules, and canons
under which she requests relief. (Doc. 1, at 1, 5). However, Plaintiff thereafter makes factual
allegations with no reference to the specific federal, state, or local statutes or laws on which she
bases her claims. The complaint “does not separate h[er] claims by cause of action, draw any clear
lines between the legal and factual bases for h[er] claims, or set forth the elements of any of h[er]
claims.” Toth v. Antonacci, 788 F. App’x 688, 691 (11th Cir. 2019), cert. denied, 140 S. Ct. 2723
(2020), reh’g denied, 141 S. Ct. 211 (2020). Further, the complaint is not clear as to which
allegations of fact are intended to support the claims cited at the beginning of the complaint.

Instead, Plaintiff appears to rely upon every preceding paragraph of the 21-page complaint as
support for her claims. As Plaintiff does not identify which “allegations of fact are intended to
support which claim(s) for relief,” she makes it “virtually impossible to know” from her complaint
which facts support which claims. Anderson, 77 F.3d at 366; Weiland, 792 F.3d at 1320.
Moreover, Plaintiff does not attempt to identify the specific federal or state laws under
which she asserts her specific claims, her supporting factual allegations are rambling and vague,
and her legal assertions are incomprehensible and conclusory. “Only a few of her claims [are]
specific as to any defendant, and the relevant facts [are] not segregated to each of their respective
claims. It is virtually impossible to ascertain what factual allegations correspond with each claim
and which claim is directed at which defendant.” Beckwith, 146 F. App’x at 372; Brown v.
Alabama Dep’t of Corr., No. 2:19-cv-91-WKW, 2019 WL 4780801, at *3 (M.D. Ala. Sept. 30,
2019) (in identifying the complaint as a shotgun pleading, the court noted, “The count does not
specify under what theory each Defendant allegedly is liable or what conduct forms the basis of
liability.”). Plaintiff does not allege how each Defendant is responsible for or was the cause of
each of the alleged statutory and constitutional violations that she asserts. The result is confusion

both for Defendants in trying to frame a responsive pleading and for the court in trying to determine
11
the scope of Plaintiff’s claims. Further, in light of the fact that Plaintiff asserts allegations sounding
in fraud throughout her complaint, she fails to make clear factual allegations that satisfy the
particularity requirement of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 9(b). She also appears to make claims
under criminal laws and other statutes and rules that are not cognizable in a civil complaint brought
before this court.
Given the deficiencies in the pro se Plaintiff’s complaint, the court concludes that, based
upon the District Court’s inherent authority to manage its docket, the appropriate remedy for this
shotgun pleading is to dismiss all of Plaintiff’s claims without prejudice and to allow Plaintiff to

replead her claims, especially where (as here) Plaintiff has requested the opportunity to do so. Ross
v. Sejin Am., Inc., No. 3:18-CV-537, 2019 WL 404174, at *3 (M.D. Ala. Jan. 31, 2019); Conner
v. Marriott Hotel Servs., Inc., No. 220CV840FTM38NPM, 2020 WL 6873374, at *2 (M.D. Fla.
Nov. 23, 2020). Plaintiff is cautioned that if she chooses to file an amended complaint, she must
do the following to avoid dismissal: (1) address the shortcomings of her first complaint noted in
this report and recommendation; (2) provide a short and plain statement of the grounds for the
court’s jurisdiction; (3) comply with the pleading requirements of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure
Rule 8 by setting forth, with clarity, short and plain statements showing that she is entitled to relief,
(4) comply with the requirements of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure Rule 9(b) by pleading with
particularity factual allegations that satisfy the heightened pleading requirement of Rule 9(b); (5)
include a factual background section that clearly and concisely sets forth specific factual
allegations in support of each claim which directly pertains to her case; (6) state her claims “in
numbered paragraphs, each limited as far as practicable to a single set of circumstances,” Fed. R.
Civ. P. 10(b), and “[i]f doing so would promote clarity, each claim founded on a separate
transaction or occurrence . . . must be stated in a separate count.” id.; (7) identify the specific

factual allegations and acts by the specific defendant(s) supporting each cause of action within
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each count of her amended complaint; (8) clearly specify which defendant is responsible for the
alleged unlawful acts referenced within the amended complaint; (9) clearly indicate the specific
defendant or defendants against whom she is bringing each cause of action and fully identify each
defendant’s role with regard to any alleged cause of action; (10) clearly identify by specific
reference the applicable federal, state or local law or laws within each cause of action asserted by
her and the specific defendant(s) against whom she is asserting that claim; and (11) exclude all
generalized and immaterial facts, statements and allegations not specifically related to her claims
of relief.

Accordingly, the court RECOMMENDS that Plaintiff’s claims be DISMISSED
WITHOUT PREJUDICE; that Plaintiff be GRANTED LEAVE to file an amended complaint
under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(a)(2); that all of Defendants’ motions be DENIED
WITHOUT PREJUDICE to refiling and reasserting any arguments that may be relevant to the
amended complaint; that Plaintiff be afforded 14 days from the date of the District Court’s ruling
on this report and recommendation to file an amended complaint that complies with Rules 8, 9,
and 10 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure; and that if, after Plaintiff is provided an opportunity
to file a properly amended complaint consistent with the District Court’s ruling, but Plaintiff fails
to do so, then Plaintiff’s complaint be dismissed with prejudice given that the current complaint is
a shotgun pleading.
IV. Conclusion
For the reasons stated above and consistent with the discussion herein, it is the
RECOMMENDATION of the Magistrate Judge that Plaintiff’s claims be DISMISSED
WITHOUT PREJUDICE; that Plaintiff be GRANTED LEAVE to file an amended complaint; and
that Defendants’ motions (Docs. 13, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 29, 31, 35, 42 and 81) be DENIED

WITHOUT PREJUDICE. It is further
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ORDERED that the parties shall file any objections to the said Recommendation on or
before September 7, 2021. Any objections filed must specifically identify the findings in the
Magistrate Judge’s recommendation to which the party objects. Frivolous, conclusive or general
objections will not be considered by the District Court. The parties are advised that this
recommendation is not a final order of the court and, therefore, it is not appealable.
Failure to file written objections to the proposed findings and recommendations in the
magistrate judge’s report shall bar the party from a de novo determination by the District Court of
issues covered in the report and shall bar the party from attacking on appeal factual findings in the

report accepted or adopted by the District Court except upon grounds of plain error or manifest
injustice. Nettles v. Wainwright, 677 F.2d 404 (5th Cir. 1982). See Stein v. Reynolds Securities,
Inc., 667 F.2d 33 (11th Cir. 1982).
DONE, on this the 23rd day of August, 2021.
/s/ Susan Russ Walker
Susan Russ Walker
United States Magistrate Judge

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10630396. Public record. Not legal advice.