# Josephine County v. PERB

> Court of Appeals of Oregon · December 8, 2021 · 316 Or. App. 150

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10601362

## Case

- **Court:** Court of Appeals of Oregon
- **Decided:** December 8, 2021
- **Citations:** 316 Or. App. 150; 504 P.3d 624
- **Precedential status:** Published
- **Opinion:** Opinion
- **Judges:** DeVore
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

## Citator (automated)

- No negative treatment found by the automated citator. That is not the same as a confirmation that the case is good law; read the citing cases.
- Full citator and citing cases: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10601362

## How later opinions describe it (automated extraction)

- explaining that “[o]rdinarily, use of the word ‘shall’ implies that the leg- islature intended to create an obligation”

## Opinion text

150

Argued and submitted October 8, 2020, affirmed December 8, 2021

JOSEPHINE COUNTY
and Jackson County,
Petitioners-Appellants,
v.
PUBLIC EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT BOARD,
the state board of the
Public Employees Retirement System,
Respondent.
Marion County Circuit Court
17CV01027; A170263
504 P3d 624

Jackson and Josephine Counties (counties) appeal the trial court’s denial
of their challenge to the counties’ individual employer contribution rates set by
the Public Employees Retirement Board (board) for the 2017 to 2019 biennium.
Those rates incorporated the outstanding liabilities to the Public Employees
Retirement System (PERS) of The Job Council (TJC), an intergovernmental
entity that the counties created at some point before 1993 and dissolved in 2015.
The counties contend that the trial court erred in determining that the board
had statutory authority to collect TJC’s outstanding PERS liabilities by using the
board’s rate-setting power to increase the counties’ individual contribution rates.
Held: The outstanding PERS liabilities of TJC were the liabilities of the counties
by operation of ORS 190.080(3) and the board had the authority to collect that
liability under ORS 238.225. Accordingly, the board did not err in determining
that it could account for the counties’ liabilities, inclusive of TJC’s outstanding
liabilities, through its rate-setting abilities, and the trial court did not err in
reaching the same conclusion.
Affirmed.

Sean E. Armstrong, Judge.
Crystal S. Chase argued the cause for appellants. Also on
the briefs were Amy Edwards and Stoel Rives LLP.
Peenesh Shah, Assistant Attorney General, argued the
cause for respondent. Also on the brief was Ellen F. Rosenblum,
Attorney General, and Benjamin Gutman, Solicitor General.
Before DeVore, Presiding Judge, and DeHoog, Judge, and
Mooney, Judge.
Cite as 316 Or App 150 (2021) 151

DeVORE, P. J.
Affirmed.
152 Josephine County v. PERB

DeVORE, P. J.
Jackson and Josephine Counties (counties) appeal
the trial court’s denial of their challenge to the counties’
individual employer rates set by the Public Employees
Retirement Board (board) for the 2017 to 2019 biennium.1
Those rates incorporated the outstanding liabilities to the
Public Employees Retirement System (PERS) of The Job
Council (TJC), an intergovernmental entity that the coun-
ties established at some point before 1993 and dissolved in
2015. We write to address only the counties’ third assign-
ment of error. We reject the counties’ remaining assign-
ments of error without discussion.
In their third assignment, the counties contend that
the trial court erred in determining that the board had stat-
utory authority to collect TJC’s outstanding PERS liabilities
by using the board’s rate-setting power to increase the coun-
ties’ individual contribution rates. We conclude that TJC’s
liabilities are the liabilities of the counties by operation of
ORS 190.080(3) and that the board had the authority to col-
lect that liability through its broad rate-setting authority in
ORS 238.225. Accordingly, we affirm.
On appeal of a trial court’s decision on review of
an administrative order in an other than contested case,
we directly review the agency’s order, as relevant here, for
errors of law or whether the agency acted outside the range
of discretion delegated to it by law. ORS 183.484(5)(a) and
(5)(b); Ericsson v. DLCD, 251 Or App 610, 620, 285 P3d 722,
rev den, 353 Or 127 (2012). The facts relevant to our discus-
sion are undisputed.
The counties created the intergovernmental entity,
TJC, pursuant to ORS 190.010 at some point before 1993.2
1
The board’s orders at issue here are orders in other than contested cases.
The counties filed a petition for judicial review of those orders under ORS 183.484,
which provides, in part:
“Jurisdiction for judicial review of orders other than contested cases is con-
ferred upon the Circuit Court for Marion County and upon the circuit court
for the county in which the petitioner resides or has a principal business
office.”
2
Under ORS 190.010, “[a] unit of local government may enter into a written
agreement with any other unit or units of local government for the performance
Cite as 316 Or App 150 (2021) 153

The counties’ Boards of Commissioners signed the intergov-
ernmental entity agreement (IGA) in 1993. The purpose of
TJC was to enhance employment opportunities for citizens
of the counties through the planning and implementation
of workforce programs, as funded, in part, by the federal
Workforce Investment Act.
In May 1998, TJC joined PERS. The “Contract of
Integration” between TJC and PERS provided that TJC’s
employees would receive PERS credit for the length of their
employment prior to May 1998. Due to that credit, TJC
incurred an unfunded actuarial liability (UAL) in the “low
3 million range” upon joining PERS. Later, when joining
the PERS Local Government Rate Pool in 2000, TJC’s UAL,
then valued at $3,709,000, became its own “transition liabil-
ity” (PERS liability) that it was responsible for independent
of the other employers in the pool. By December 31, 2014,
TJC’s outstanding PERS liability had grown to $4,676,513.
In December 2014, Jackson County initiated the
process to dissolve TJC due to changes in federal fund-
ing requirements and TJC’s unsustainable PERS liability.
Dissolution was to be effective June 30, 2015. Pursuant to its
IGA, TJC’s executive director, James Fong, served as the liq-
uidating agent responsible for winding down TJC. In April
2015, Fong, on behalf of TJC, sent a letter to PERS to alert
it to TJC’s pending dissolution. A majority of TJC’s employ-
ees were hired by ResCare, a national, for-profit entity that
took over some of TJC’s workforce training activities. At the
counties’ direction, Fong transferred TJC’s assets, includ-
ing $427,553 in cash, to the Rogue Workforce Partnership,
a private nonprofit that subsequently hired Fong and some
of TJC’s employees. TJC and Fong did not provide for any
entity to assume TJC’s mounting PERS liability. On June 23,
2015, Fong officially contacted PERS to request that TJC be
put on “inactive status.”
PERS responded to TJC via letter on June 29,
2015, informing the counties that TJC’s PERS liability of
$4,738,287 would need to be addressed upon TJC’s disso-
lution. Although, at that time, PERS did not have a formal

of any or all functions and activities that a party to the agreement, its officers or
agencies, have authority to perform.”
154 Josephine County v. PERB

policy for collecting outstanding UALs when participating
employers dissolved, PERS alerted the counties that its
“preference would be to arrive at an agreement with Jackson
and Josephine counties in which the counties would assume
whatever portion of [TJC’s PERS liability] remains after its
assets are liquidated.” Rather than collect the amount in a
lump sum, PERS said that it would prefer to collect TJC’s
outstanding liability by amortizing the amount as a part
of each county’s employer contribution rates over several
years.
On October 30, 2015, Josephine County told PERS
that it had “no interest, intent or ability” to assume any por-
tion of TJC’s liability.
On July 18, 2016, the chief administration officer
of PERS wrote to the counties to alert them that the board
was planning to proceed as outlined in its June 2015 letter.
PERS explained that it believed that, by operation of ORS
190.080,3 which governs intergovernmental entities subject
to IGAs, TJC’s liability became that of the counties upon its
dissolution and could therefore be collected as the counties’
liability through the counties’ individual contribution rates.
For a few months, the board postponed, at the
counties’ request, adoption of the counties’ 2017 to 2019
employer contribution rates. But, in November 2016, the
board accepted PERS staff’s recommendation and increased
Jackson County’s and Josephine County’s 2017 to 2019 con-
tribution rates by 0.51% and 1.77% of their respective pay-
rolls to reflect the amortization of TJC’s PERS liability (the
November 2016 order).
In January 2017, the counties filed a petition for
judicial review challenging the board’s order. As allowed
by ORS 183.484(4), the board notified the trial court that
it was withdrawing its November 2016 order for “purposes
of reconsideration” to either “affirm, modify or reverse its
order.” At the recommendation of PERS staff, the board
3
Explained in further detail below, ORS 190.080(3) provides that “[t]he
debts, liabilities and obligations of an intergovernmental entity shall be, jointly
and severally, the debts, liabilities and obligations of the parties to the intergov-
ernmental agreement that created the entity, unless the agreement specifically
provides otherwise.”
Cite as 316 Or App 150 (2021) 155

reaffirmed its November 2016 order and adopted additional
grounds for its decision in a June 2018 order. The addi-
tional grounds included (1) that the Contingency Reserve,
a $25 million emergency fund for insolvent employers under
ORS 238.670(1)(a), was not available to cover TJC’s liabil-
ity because TJC did not meet the definition of an “insol-
vent employer” under OAR 459-009-0400(1) and (2) that
the counties were also responsible for the PERS liability
as TJC’s “successor” as provided by OAR 459-009-0070(12)
(November 4, 2005).
The trial court granted the counties a partial sum-
mary judgment, concluding that the board had impermissi-
bly applied the insolvent employer rule retroactively to the
counties in its June 2018 order and could not rely on that
basis to support its rate order. After a trial on the board’s
remaining justifications, the trial court denied the counties’
petition for review. The trial court concluded that the board
had authority to set employer contribution rates under ORS
238.225; TJC’s liabilities were the liabilities of the counties
by operation of ORS 190.080(3); TJC’s IGA provided that the
counties would be equally responsible; there was substantial
evidence to support the board’s determination of the PERS
liability; and the board properly exercised its discretion to
decline use of the contingency reserve in favor of collecting
the PERS liability through its rate-setting authority.
In their third assignment of error, the counties
argue that the board erred or acted outside the range of its
discretion by concluding that it had statutory authority to
collect TCJ’s PERS liability through the counties’ employer
contribution rates. As we explain, however, the relevant
statutes provided the board straightforward authority to
collect the PERS liability through the board’s rate-setting
power.
The counties created TJC as an intergovernmental
entity under ORS 190.010, which provides, in part:
“A unit of local government may enter into a written agree-
ment with any other unit or units of local government for
the performance of any or all functions and activities that
a party to the agreement, its officers or agencies, have
authority to perform.”
156 Josephine County v. PERB

Unless the intergovernmental agreement (IGA) between the
two units of local government provides otherwise,
“[t]he debts, liabilities and obligations of an intergovern-
mental entity shall be, jointly and severally, the debts, lia-
bilities and obligations of the parties to the intergovern-
mental agreement that created the entity.”

ORS 190.080(3). Parties to an IGA may, but are not required
to, “assume responsibility for specific debts, liabilities or obli-
gations of the intergovernmental entity.” ORS 190.080(4).
Contrary to the counties’ view, the plain language
of ORS 190.080(3) provides that any debts accrued by an
intergovernmental entity “shall be” considered, jointly and
severally, the liabilities of the parties who created the entity.
By operation of the statute alone, without any further court
proceeding, the debts of the intergovernmental entity are the
debts of the parties that created the entity. See Doyle v. City
of Medford, 347 Or 564, 570, 227 P3d 683 (2010) (explaining
that “[o]rdinarily, use of the word ‘shall’ implies that the leg-
islature intended to create an obligation”). In this case then,
the debts of TJC, by operation of ORS 190.080(3), are the
debts of the counties.
The counties argue that, even so, the IGA in this
case provided that the counties should not be responsible
for the debts of TJC at all. The counties point to Article VII,
section 2 of the IGA, which provides:
“Upon any termination of this Agreement, TJC shall pay
or make provision for payment of its creditors, including
reimbursement to the federal government or other govern-
mental agencies of amounts required to be paid to them
upon termination of this Agreement and the liquidation of
TJC. Thereafter, the assets remaining shall be distributed
equally to the Governments.”

The counties argue that, under that provision, “The Job
Council is solely responsible for any debts or liabilities
remaining upon termination of the 2012 IGA.” (Emphasis
in counties’ brief.)
Contrary to the counties’ view, that provision merely
directs the TJC to satisfy its debts when dissolving. The
Cite as 316 Or App 150 (2021) 157

provision does not provide that TJC’s debts would remain
with TJC, even after its dissolution. It does not resolve the
situation, as here, where TJC dissolved without making
“provision for payment of its creditors.” Even if allowing the
counties to abandon TJC’s debts would be viable as a way to
“specifically provid[e] otherwise” for TJC’s debts under ORS
190.080(3), such a notion is contradicted by Article VII, sec-
tion 1 of the IGA, which provides:
“Any liability which may accrue to the Governments due
to TJC’s acts, errors, or omissions or TJC’s performance or
failure to perform pursuant to the requirements of state or
federal law shall be apportioned among the Governments
equally.”
(Emphasis added.) Therefore, to the extent that specific pro-
visions of the IGA bear on whether the counties are respon-
sible for TJC’s liabilities, the IGA does not provide that the
counties may absolve themselves of TJC’s debts, but that the
counties would share any liabilities equally. In short, the
debts of TJC, including the PERS liability, are the debts of
the counties by operation of statute, and that conclusion is
not negated by any provision of the IGA.
The board had the authority to collect that liabil-
ity by adjusting the counties’ employer contribution rates to
reflect the amortization of that debt over a period of years.
In general, an agency has the power to carry out activi-
ties as conferred by its organic legislation as well as such
implied power as is necessary to carry out the power that
is expressly granted. Service Employees Int’l Union Local
503 v. DAS, 183 Or App 594, 606, 54 P3d 1043 (2002). The
legislature has expressly granted PERS broad rate-setting
authority, providing that,
“[f]rom time to time, the board shall determine the liabili-
ties of the system and shall set the amount of contributions
to be made by participating public employers, and by other
public employers who are required to make contributions
on behalf of members, to ensure that those liabilities will
be funded no more than 40 years after the date on which
the determination is made.”
ORS 238.225. Further, that authorizing statute provides
that employers participating in PERS
158 Josephine County v. PERB

“shall, at intervals designated by [the board], transmit to
the board those amounts the board determines to be actu-
arially necessary to adequately fund the benefits to be pro-
vided by the contributions of the employer * * *.”
ORS 238.225. Those rate-setting abilities provided by the
legislature instruct the board to determine an employer’s
liabilities and set an employer’s contribution rate at a level
that ensures that those liabilities are funded within, at
least, 40 years after the date such determination is made.
That authority gives the board the implied powers neces-
sary to carry out those designated functions.
Under that scheme, the board is expressly instructed
to determine the liabilities of each participating employer.
That necessarily includes the implied ability to look to other
statutes to determine the nature of an employer and assess
whether those statutes affect the PERS liability of a partic-
ipating employer. As described above, ORS 190.080(3) pre-
scribes that the debts of TJC are the debts of the counties
as the “parties to the intergovernmental agreement that
created the entity.” Although the counties argue that ORS
190.080(3) does not expressly delegate power to the board,
the counties point to no statutory provision limiting the
implied powers of the board so as to prohibit the board from
acknowledging the applicable liabilities of a participating
employer.
Given that ORS 190.080(3) fixed the liability of the
counties for the intergovernmental entity they created and
dissolved, the rate-setting authority of ORS 238.225 allowed
the board to set the counties’ liabilities at a level that would
fund those liabilities “no more than 40 years after the date”
that determination was made. Accordingly, the board did
not err in determining that it could account for the counties’
liabilities, inclusive of TJC’s outstanding liabilities, through
its rate-setting abilities, and the trial court did not err in
reaching the same conclusion. For those reasons, we affirm.
Affirmed.

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10601362. Public record. Not legal advice.